151
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Tian J, Chen X, Wang ZL. Environmental energy harvesting based on triboelectric nanogenerators. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:242001. [PMID: 32092711 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab793e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the fast development of the Internet of Things, the energy supply for electronics and sensors has become a critical challenge. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which can transfer mechanical energy from the surrounding environment into electricity, has been recognized as the most promising alternative technology to remedy the shortcomings of traditional battery technology. Environmental mechanical energy widely exists in activities in nature and these environmental energy sources can enable TENGs to achieve a clean and distributed energy network, which can finally benefit the innovation of various wireless devices. In this review, TENGs targeting different environmental energy sources have been systematically summarized and analyzed. Firstly, we give a brief introduction to the basic principle and working modes of the TENG. Then, TENGs targeting different energy sources, from blowing wind and raindrops to pounding waves, noise signalling, and so on, are summarized based on their design concept and output performance. In addition, combined with other energy technologies such as solar cells, electromagnetic generators, and piezoelectric nanogenerators, the application of hybrid nanogenerators is elaborated under different scenarios. Finally, the challenges, limitations, and future research trends of environmental energy collection are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Tian
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China. School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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152
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Gao Y, Guo F, Cao P, Liu J, Li D, Wu J, Wang N, Su Y, Zhao Y. Winding-Locked Carbon Nanotubes/Polymer Nanofibers Helical Yarn for Ultrastretchable Conductor and Strain Sensor. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3442-3450. [PMID: 32149493 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Wearable and stretchable electronics including various conductors and sensors are featured with their lightweight, high flexibility, and easy integration into functional devices or textiles. However, most flexible electronic materials are still unsatisfactory due to their poor recoverability under large strain. Herein, we fabricated a carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyurethane (PU) nanofibers composite helical yarn with electrical conductivity, ultrastretchability, and high stretch sensitivity. The synergy of elastic PU molecules and spring-like microgeometry enable the helical yarn excellent stretchability, while CNTs are stably winding-locked into the yarn through a simple twisting strategy, making good conductivity. By virtue of the interlaced conductive network of CNTs in microlevel and the helical structure in macrolevel, the CNTs/PU helical yarn achieves good recoverability within 900% and maximum tensile elongation up to 1700%. With these features, it can be used as a superelastic and highly stable conductive wire. Moreover, it also can monitor the human motion as a rapid-response strain sensor by adjusting the content of the CNTs simply. This general and low-cost strategy is of great promise for ultrastretchable wearable electronics and multifunctional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Fengyun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Peng Cao
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jingchong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Dianming Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R&D and Assessment, School of Materials Design and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Nü Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yewang Su
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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153
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Xu L, Liu Z, Zhai H, Chen X, Sun R, Lyu S, Fan Y, Yi Y, Chen Z, Jin L, Zhang J, Li Y, Ye TT. Moisture-Resilient Graphene-Dyed Wool Fabric for Strain Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13265-13274. [PMID: 32105063 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
E-textile consisting of natural fabrics has become a promising material to construct wearable sensors due to its comfortability and breathability on the human body. However, the reported fabric-based e-textile materials, such as graphene-treated cotton, silk, and flax, generally suffer from the electrical and mechanical instability in long-term wearing. In particular, fabrics on the human body have to endure heat variation, moisture evaporation from metabolic activities, and even the immersion with body sweat. To face the above challenges, here we report a wool-knitted fabric sensor treated with graphene oxide (GO) dyeing followed by l-ascorbic acid (l-AA) reduction (rGO). This rGO-based strain sensor is highly stretchable, washable, and durable with rapid sensing response. It exhibits excellent linearity with more than 20% elongation and, most importantly, withstand moisture from 30 to 90% (or even immersed with water) and still maintains good electrical and mechanical properties. We further demonstrate that, by integrating this proposed material with the near-field communication (NFC) system, a batteryless, wireless wearable body movement sensor can be constructed. This material can find wide use in smart garment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xu
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Zekun Liu
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Heng Zhai
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DE, U.K
| | - Rujie Sun
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K
| | - Shida Lyu
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Yangyang Fan
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Yangpeiqi Yi
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Zhongda Chen
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jianbao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Terry T Ye
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
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154
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Abstract
Tactile sensor technology has been researched extensively in response to the increasing demand for robotic and wearable healthcare systems. Studies on tactile sensory systems have primarily focused on achieving two goals: (1) developing technologies with high sensing abilities that mimic the biological functions and characteristics of the sensory systems of human skin and (2) satisfying the requirements of wearable device applications by fabricating mechanically flexible devices with low-power data analysis and processing abilities. In this Perspective, we present recent advances in artificial tactile sensory systems, which are based on biomimetic technologies that exhibit functional features of biological systems including mechanoreceptors and human skin sensory neurons for human-machine interfaces. We also discuss the opportunities, current challenges, potential solutions, and future investigative directions pertaining to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
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155
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Li H, Zhang X, Zhao L, Jiang D, Xu L, Liu Z, Wu Y, Hu K, Zhang MR, Wang J, Fan Y, Li Z. A Hybrid Biofuel and Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Bioenergy Harvesting. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:50. [PMID: 34138256 PMCID: PMC7770853 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Various types of energy exist everywhere around us, and these energies can be harvested from multiple sources to power micro-/nanoelectronic system and even personal electronic products. In this work, we proposed a hybrid energy-harvesting system (HEHS) for potential in vivo applications. The HEHS consisted of a triboelectric nanogenerator and a glucose fuel cell for simultaneously harvesting biomechanical energy and biochemical energy in simulated body fluid. These two energy-harvesting units can work individually as a single power source or work simultaneously as an integrated system. This design strengthened the flexibility of harvesting multiple energies and enhanced corresponding electric output. Compared with any individual device, the integrated HEHS outputs a superimposed current and has a faster charging rate. Using the harvested energy, HEHS can power a calculator or a green light-emitting diode pattern. Considering the widely existed biomechanical energy and glucose molecules in the body, the developed HEHS can be a promising candidate for building in vivo self-powered healthcare monitoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Luming Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjie Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- School of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Hu
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Jiangxue Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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156
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Chen G, Wang H, Guo R, Duan M, Zhang Y, Liu J. Superelastic EGaIn Composite Fibers Sustaining 500% Tensile Strain with Superior Electrical Conductivity for Wearable Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6112-6118. [PMID: 31941273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable conductive fibers have gained significant attention in the field of wearable and flexible electronics because of their inherited unique properties. Up to now, there are few reports regarding the highly stretchable fibers with excellent electronic properties. In this work, a highly stretchable fiber with superior electrical conductivity is fabricated, which contains a core fiber, an intermediate modified layer, and an outer eutectic-gallium-indium liquid metal layer. The fiber demonstrates an excellent electrical conductivity of over 103 S cm-1 when stretched up to 500% strain, which is far superior to the existing stretchable conductive fiber. The stretchable conductive fiber shows excellent thermostability with a maximum operating temperature of nearly 250 °C. Such unique fibers can be applied as highly stretchable, deformable conductor to charge a mobile phone, and sensor to monitor human activities. This work offers promising application in the areas of flexible and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Minghui Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
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157
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Li Z, Zheng Q, Wang ZL, Li Z. Nanogenerator-Based Self-Powered Sensors for Wearable and Implantable Electronics. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:8710686. [PMID: 32259107 PMCID: PMC7085499 DOI: 10.34133/2020/8710686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wearable and implantable electronics (WIEs) are more and more important and attractive to the public, and they have had positive influences on all aspects of our lives. As a bridge between wearable electronics and their surrounding environment and users, sensors are core components of WIEs and determine the implementation of their many functions. Although the existing sensor technology has evolved to a very advanced level with the rapid progress of advanced materials and nanotechnology, most of them still need external power supply, like batteries, which could cause problems that are difficult to track, recycle, and miniaturize, as well as possible environmental pollution and health hazards. In the past decades, based upon piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and triboelectric effect, various kinds of nanogenerators (NGs) were proposed which are capable of responding to a variety of mechanical movements, such as breeze, body drive, muscle stretch, sound/ultrasound, noise, mechanical vibration, and blood flow, and they had been widely used as self-powered sensors and micro-nanoenergy and blue energy harvesters. This review focuses on the applications of self-powered generators as implantable and wearable sensors in health monitoring, biosensor, human-computer interaction, and other fields. The existing problems and future prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA
| | - Zhou Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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158
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Zhang Z, Huang X, Qian Y, Chen W, Wen L, Jiang L. Engineering Smart Nanofluidic Systems for Artificial Ion Channels and Ion Pumps: From Single-Pore to Multichannel Membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904351. [PMID: 31793736 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological ion channels and ion pumps with intricate ion transport functions widely exist in living organisms and play irreplaceable roles in almost all physiological functions. Nanofluidics provides exciting opportunities to mimic these working processes, which not only helps understand ion transport in biological systems but also paves the way for the applications of artificial devices in many valuable areas. Recent progress in the engineering of smart nanofluidic systems for artificial ion channels and ion pumps is summarized. The artificial systems range from chemically and structurally diverse lipid-membrane-based nanopores to robust and scalable solid-state nanopores. A generic strategy of gate location design is proposed. The single-pore-based platform concept can be rationally extended into multichannel membrane systems and shows unprecedented potential in many application areas, such as single-molecule analysis, smart mass delivery, and energy conversion. Finally, some present underpinning issues that need to be addressed are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yongchao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weipeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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159
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Zhao J, Bu T, Zhang X, Pang Y, Li W, Zhang Z, Liu G, Wang ZL, Zhang C. Intrinsically Stretchable Organic-Tribotronic-Transistor for Tactile Sensing. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:1398903. [PMID: 32676585 PMCID: PMC7333181 DOI: 10.34133/2020/1398903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics are of great significance for the development of the next-generation smart interactive systems. Here, we propose an intrinsically stretchable organic tribotronic transistor (SOTT) without a top gate electrode, which is composed of a stretchable substrate, silver nanowire electrodes, semiconductor blends, and a nonpolar elastomer dielectric. The drain-source current of the SOTT can be modulated by external contact electrification with the dielectric layer. Under 0-50% stretching both parallel and perpendicular to the channel directions, the SOTT retains great output performance. After being stretched to 50% for thousands of cycles, the SOTT can survive with excellent stability. Moreover, the SOTT can be conformably attached to the human hand, which can be used for tactile signal perception in human-machine interaction and for controlling smart home devices and robots. This work has realized a stretchable tribotronic transistor as the tactile sensor for smart interaction, which has extended the application of tribotronics in the human-machine interface, wearable electronics, and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianzhao Bu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaokun Pang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjian Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoxu Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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160
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Lu Y, Gao Q, Yu X, Zheng H, Shen R, Hao Z, Yan Y, Zhang P, Wen Y, Yang G, Lin S. Interfacial Built-In Electric Field-Driven Direct Current Generator Based on Dynamic Silicon Homojunction. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:5714754. [PMID: 32607498 PMCID: PMC7315393 DOI: 10.34133/2020/5714754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Searching for light and miniaturized functional device structures for sustainable energy gathering from the environment is the focus of energy society with the development of the internet of things. The proposal of a dynamic heterojunction-based direct current generator builds up new platforms for developing in situ energy. However, the requirement of different semiconductors in dynamic heterojunction is too complex to wide applications, generating energy loss for crystal structure mismatch. Herein, dynamic homojunction generators are explored, with the same semiconductor and majority carrier type. Systematic experiments reveal that the majority of carrier directional separation originates from the breaking symmetry between carrier distribution, leading to the rebounding effect of carriers by the interfacial electric field. Strikingly, NN Si homojunction with different Fermi levels can also output the electricity with higher current density than PP/PN homojunction, attributing to higher carrier mobility. The current density is as high as 214.0 A/m2, and internal impedance is as low as 3.6 kΩ, matching well with the impedance of electron components. Furthermore, the N-i-N structure is explored, whose output voltage can be further improved to 1.3 V in the case of the N-Si/Al2O3/N-Si structure, attributing to the enhanced interfacial barrier. This approach provides a simple and feasible way of converting low-frequency disordered mechanical motion into electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghua Lu
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qiuyue Gao
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xutao Yu
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haonan Zheng
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Runjiang Shen
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hao
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yanfei Yan
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Wuxi Branch of Jiangsu Province Special Equipment Safety Supervision and Inspection Institute, Wuxi 214071, China
| | - Guiting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power Technology, Shanghai Institute of Space Power Sources, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Shisheng Lin
- College of Microelectronics, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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161
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Liu H, Dong W, Li Y, Li F, Geng J, Zhu M, Chen T, Zhang H, Sun L, Lee C. An epidermal sEMG tattoo-like patch as a new human-machine interface for patients with loss of voice. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:16. [PMID: 34567631 PMCID: PMC8433406 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Throat cancer treatment involves surgical removal of the tumor, leaving patients with facial disfigurement as well as temporary or permanent loss of voice. Surface electromyography (sEMG) generated from the jaw contains lots of voice information. However, it is difficult to record because of not only the weakness of the signals but also the steep skin curvature. This paper demonstrates the design of an imperceptible, flexible epidermal sEMG tattoo-like patch with the thickness of less than 10 μm and peeling strength of larger than 1 N cm-1 that exhibits large adhesiveness to complex biological surfaces and is thus capable of sEMG recording for silent speech recognition. When a tester speaks silently, the patch shows excellent performance in recording the sEMG signals from three muscle channels and recognizing those frequently used instructions with high accuracy by using the wavelet decomposition and pattern recognization. The average accuracy of action instructions can reach up to 89.04%, and the average accuracy of emotion instructions is as high as 92.33%. To demonstrate the functionality of tattoo-like patches as a new human-machine interface (HMI) for patients with loss of voice, the intelligent silent speech recognition, voice synthesis, and virtual interaction have been implemented, which are of great importance in helping these patients communicate with people and make life more enjoyable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicong Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Robotics, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Dong
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Robotics, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Robotics, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Fanqi Li
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Robotics, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Jiangjun Geng
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Robotics, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Minglu Zhu
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576 Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Robotics, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Hongmiao Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Robotics, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Lining Sun
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Robotics, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576 Singapore
- National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou Industrial Park, 215123 Suzhou, China
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162
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Nie J, Ren Z, Xu L, Lin S, Zhan F, Chen X, Wang ZL. Probing Contact-Electrification-Induced Electron and Ion Transfers at a Liquid-Solid Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905696. [PMID: 31782572 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
As a well-known phenomenon, contact electrification (CE) has been studied for decades. Although recent studies have proven that CE between two solids is primarily due to electron transfer, the mechanism for CE between liquid and solid remains controversial. The CE process between different liquids and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film is systematically studied to clarify the electrification mechanism of the solid-liquid interface. The CE between deionized water and PTFE can produce a surface charges density in the scale of 1 nC cm-2 , which is ten times higher than the calculation based on the pure ion-transfer model. Hence, electron transfer is likely the dominating effect for this liquid-solid electrification process. Meanwhile, as ion concentration increases, the ion adsorption on the PTFE hinders electron transfer and results in the suppression of the transferred charge amount. Furthermore, there is an obvious charge transfer between oil and PTFE, which further confirms the presence of electron transfer between liquid and solid, simply because there are no ions in oil droplets. It is demonstrated that electron transfer plays the dominant role during CE between liquids and solids, which directly impacts the traditional understanding of the formation of an electric double layer (EDL) at a liquid-solid interface in physical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Nie
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zewei Ren
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shiquan Lin
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fei Zhan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
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163
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Wu Z, Ai J, Ma Z, Zhang X, Du Z, Liu Z, Chen D, Su B. Flexible Out-of-Plane Wind Sensors with a Self-Powered Feature Inspired by Fine Hairs of the Spider. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44865-44873. [PMID: 31686494 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The quest for out-of-plane and self-powered wind sensors has motivated the field of outdoor sports, exploration, space perception, and positioning. Fine hairs of spiders act as hundreds of individual wind sensors, allowing them to feel the nearby wind change caused by the predators or the prey. Inspired by this natural teacher, here, we demonstrate the fabrication of bioinspired self-powered out-of-plane wind sensors based on flexible magnetoelectric material systems. The shape of flexible sensors, by patterning silver nanoparticles on a thin polyethylene terephthalate film through a screen printing technique, mimics fine hairs of the spiders, allowing for out-of-plane tactile perceptual monitoring caused by the wind. Owing to the employment of flexible magnetoelectric materials, the sensors can distinguish forward/backward winds and are totally self-powered. The working mechanism for sensors has been explained by the Maxwell numerical simulation, allowing for further improvement of their performance by tuning diverse factors. Furthermore, the wind sensor can detect the wind with a velocity down to 1.2 m/s and distinguish multidegree wind by their arrays. It is expected that, in the near future, our design can provide new findings for out-of-plane wind sensors with superior self-powered properties toward new flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei , P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei , China
| | - Zheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei , P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei , P. R. China
- ARC Hub for Computational Particle Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering , Monash University , Clayton , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Zhuolin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei , P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei , P. R. China
| | - Dezhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei , China
| | - Bin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei , P. R. China
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