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Ewing Sarcoma Meets Epigenetics, Immunology and Nanomedicine: Moving Forward into Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215473. [PMID: 36358891 PMCID: PMC9658520 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ewing Sarcoma treatment is traditionally based on chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. Although these standard of care regimens are efficient at early disease stages, many patients fail to respond appropriately, which has prompted the search for more efficacious and specific treatments. A deeper understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms underlying the biology of both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, as well as advances in drug delivery, has led to the development of different approaches to improve the treatment in Ewing Sarcoma patients. Thus, epigenetic, and immunotherapy-based drugs, along with nanotechnology delivery strategies, represent novel preclinical and clinical studies in the treatment of Ewing Sarcoma. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of these emerging therapeutic strategies and summarize the potential of the latest preclinical and clinical trials in Ewing Sarcoma research. Finally, we underline the value and future directions of these new treatments. Abstract Ewing Sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive bone and soft tissue tumor that mainly affects children, adolescents, and young adults. The standard therapy, including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, has substantially improved the survival of EWS patients with localized disease. Unfortunately, this multimodal treatment remains elusive in clinics for those patients with recurrent or metastatic disease who have an unfavorable prognosis. Consistently, there is an urgent need to find new strategies for patients that fail to respond to standard therapies. In this regard, in the last decade, treatments targeting epigenetic dependencies in tumor cells and the immune system have emerged into the clinical scenario. Additionally, recent advances in nanomedicine provide novel delivery drug systems, which may address challenges such as side effects and toxicity. Therefore, therapeutic strategies stemming from epigenetics, immunology, and nanomedicine yield promising alternatives for treating these patients. In this review, we highlight the most relevant EWS preclinical and clinical studies in epigenetics, immunotherapy, and nanotherapy conducted in the last five years.
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Kaneva K, Schurr TG, Tatarinova TV, Buckley J, Merkurjev D, Triska P, Liu X, Done J, Maglinte DT, Deapen D, Hwang A, Schiffman JD, Triche TJ, Biegel JA, Gai X. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup, genetic ancestry, and susceptibility to Ewing sarcoma. Mitochondrion 2022; 67:6-14. [PMID: 36115539 PMCID: PMC9997094 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Based on current studies, the incidence of Ewing sarcoma (ES) varies significantly by race and ethnicity, with the disease being most common in patients of European ancestry. However, race/ethnicity has generally been self-reported rather than formally evaluated at a population level using DNA evidence. Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of ES, yet there have been no reported studies of mitochondrial genetics in ES. Thus, we evaluated both the mitochondrial and nuclear ancestries of 420 pediatric ES patients in the United States using whole-genome sequencing. We found that the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes of only six (1.4 %) patients belonged to African L haplogroups, while those of 90 % of the patients belonged to macrohaplogroup R, which includes haplogroup H, the most common maternal lineage in Europe. Compared to the general US population, European haplogroups were significantly enriched in ES patients (p < 2.2e-16) and the African haplogroups are significantly impoverished (p < 4.6e-16). Using the ancestry informative markers defined in a National Genographic study, the vast majority of patients exhibited significant nuclear ancestry originating from the Mediterranean, Northern Europe, and Southwest Asia, including all six patients with African L mtDNAs. Very few had primarily African nuclear ancestry. This is the first genomic epidemiology study to simultaneously interrogate the mitochondrial and nuclear ancestries of ES patients. While supporting previous findings of enriched European ancestry in ES patients, these results also suggest alternative hypotheses for the significant contribution of mitochondrial ancestry in ES patients, as well as the protective role of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiyana Kaneva
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theodore G Schurr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Buckley
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daria Merkurjev
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Petr Triska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Xiyu Liu
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James Done
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis T Maglinte
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis Deapen
- Cancer Surveillance Program, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amie Hwang
- Cancer Surveillance Program, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Schiffman
- Department of Pediatrics and Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; PEEL Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Timothy J Triche
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Biegel
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaowu Gai
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Secondary Ewing's sarcoma of the temporo-occipital region developed 12-years after medulloblastoma treatment. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 88 Suppl 4:S226-S229. [PMID: 35184979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Biomarkers of Bladder Cancer: Cell-Free DNA, Epigenetic Modifications and Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113206. [PMID: 36361996 PMCID: PMC9653602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most frequent cancer in the world. The initial diagnosis and surveillance of BC require a combination of invasive and non-invasive methods, which are costly and suffer from several limitations. Cystoscopy with urine cytology and histological examination presents the standard diagnostic approach. Various biomarkers (e.g., proteins, genes, and RNAs) have been extensively studied in relation to BC. However, the new trend of liquid biopsy slowly proves to be almost equally effective. Cell-free DNA, non-coding RNA, and other subcellular structures are now being tested for the best predictive and diagnostic value. In this review, we focused on published gene mutations, especially in DNA fragments, but also epigenetic modifications, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules acquired by liquid biopsy. We performed an online search in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using the terms “bladder cancer”, in combination with “markers” or “biomarkers” published until August 2022. If applicable, we set the sensitivity and specificity threshold to 80%. In the era of precision medicine, the development of complex laboratory techniques fuels the search and development of more sensitive and specific biomarkers for diagnosis, follow-up, and screening of BC. Future efforts will be focused on the validation of their sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and their utility in everyday clinical practice.
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Martinelli M, Mancarella C, Scapoli L, Palmieri A, De Sanctis P, Ferrari C, Pasello M, Zucchini C, Scotlandi K. Polymorphic variants of IGF2BP3 and SENCR have an impact on predisposition and/or progression of Ewing sarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:968884. [PMID: 36338681 PMCID: PMC9634078 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.968884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS), the second most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, occurs abruptly without clear evidence of tumor history or progression. Previous association studies have identified some inherited variants associated with the risk of developing EWS but a common picture of the germline susceptibility to this tumor remains largely unclear. Here, we examine the association between thirty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IGF2BP3, a gene that codes for an oncofetal RNA-binding protein demonstrated to be important for EWS patient’s risk stratification, and five SNPs of SENCR, a long non-coding RNA shown to regulate IGF2BP3. An association between polymorphisms and EWS susceptibility was observed for three IGF2BP3 SNPs - rs112316332, rs13242065, rs12700421 - and for four SENCR SNPs - rs10893909, rs11221437, rs12420823, rs4526784 -. In addition, IGF2BP3 rs34033684 and SENCR rs10893909 variants increased the risk for female respect to male subgroup when carried together, while IGF2BP3 rs13242065 or rs76983703 variants reduced the probability of a disease later onset (> 14 years). Moreover, the absence of IGF2BP3 rs10488282 variant and the presence of rs199653 or rs35875486 variant were significantly associated with a worse survival in EWS patients with localized disease at diagnosis. Overall, our data provide the first evidence linking genetic variants of IGF2BP3 and its modulator SENCR to the risk of EWS development and to disease progression, thus supporting the concept that heritable factors can influence susceptibility to EWS and may help to predict patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Martinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marcella Martinelli, ; Katia Scotlandi,
| | - Caterina Mancarella
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Scapoli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Palmieri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola De Sanctis
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Pasello
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cinzia Zucchini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marcella Martinelli, ; Katia Scotlandi,
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Basteck S, Guder WK, Dirksen U, Krombholz A, Streitbürger A, Reinhardt D, Götte M. Effects of an Exercise Intervention on Gait Function in Young Survivors of Osteosarcoma with Megaendoprosthesis of the Lower Extremity-Results from the Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial proGAIT. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:7754-7767. [PMID: 36290890 PMCID: PMC9599989 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29100613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb preservation with megaendoprosthesis in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with bone tumors is associated with functional limitations and gait abnormalities. The proGAIT trial evaluated the effectiveness of an exercise program on gait function and quality of life, functional scales (MSTS, TESS), functional mobility, and fatigue as secondary outcomes. Eleven AYA survivors of malignant osteosarcoma with a tumor endoprosthesis around the knee (mean age: 26.6 (±8.4) years) were randomized into an intervention group receiving an 8-week exercise program or into a control group. Gait function was assessed via 3D motion capture and analyzed using the Gait Profile Score (GPS) and the Gait Deviation Index (GDI). GDI and GPS scores of participants suggest deviations from a healthy reference group. The exercise intervention had small-to-medium positive effects on gait score GDI |d| = 0.50 (unaffected leg), |d| = 0.24 (affected leg), subjective functional scores TESS |d| = 0.74 and MSTS |d| = 0.49, and functional tests TUG and TUDS |d| = 0.61 and |d| = 0.52. None of these changes showed statistical significance. Promising intervention effects suggest that regular exercise could improve lower limb function and follow-up care for survivors; however, a powered RCT as a follow-up project needs to confirm the pilot findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Basteck
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Clinic for Pediatrics III, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke K. Guder
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Clinic for Pediatrics III, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Arno Krombholz
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Streitbürger
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Clinic for Pediatrics III, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Miriam Götte
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Clinic for Pediatrics III, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-8083
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157
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Hu X, Huang Q, Wang J, Li D, Wang P, Cai J. Case report: Primary intracranial EWs/PNET in adults: Clinical experience and literature review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1035800. [PMID: 36313718 PMCID: PMC9608766 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1035800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adult primary intracranial Ewing sarcomas (EWs)/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are extremely rare, with only 30 patients published before us. The imaging features and treatment strategies of primary intracranial EWs/PNETs are unclear due to its rarity. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features, imaging findings, treatment, survival analysis, and prognosis of adult EWs/PNETs, and a systematic review was conducted based on the patient we treated and published literature. Case description A 19-year-old male patient suffered from head pain due to an accidental fall on a motorcycle that occurred more than 10 days before going to the hospital, and underwent computed tomography (CT) examination; it was found that the left temporo-occipital fossa was occupied. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was recommended to understand the nature of the lesion, and the result showed that it has a high probability of being a meningioma. He underwent surgical removal of the mass under general anesthesia, and surprisingly, postoperative pathology revealed EWs/PNET. The disease has a high degree of malignancy, and the patient developed multiple metastases throughout the body 5 years after surgery. Conclusion Primary intracranial EWs/PNETs in adult patients are rare, of which imaging findings should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of meningioma, hemangiopericytoma, and malignant triton tumor. Larger solid-cystic masses with septum-like enhancement may be relatively specific imaging findings of intracranial EWs/PNETs. The prognosis of primary adult intracranial EWs/PNETs is poor. Radical tumor resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is currently the main and possibly the most effective treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Zunyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Jiong Cai, ; Pan Wang, ; Dandan Li,
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Jiong Cai, ; Pan Wang, ; Dandan Li,
| | - Jiong Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Jiong Cai, ; Pan Wang, ; Dandan Li,
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158
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Regulation of Metastasis in Ewing Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194902. [PMID: 36230825 PMCID: PMC9563756 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a type of bone and soft tissue tumor in children and adolescents. Over 85% of cases are caused by the expression of fusion protein EWSR1-FLI1 generated by chromosome translocation. Acting as a potent chimeric oncoprotein, EWSR1-FLI1 binds to chromatin, changes the epigenetic states, and thus alters the expression of a large set of genes. Several studies have revealed that the expression level of EWSR1-FLI1 is variable and dynamic within and across different EwS cell lines and primary tumors, leading to tumoral heterogeneity. Cells with high EWSR1-FLI1 expression (EWSR1-FLI1-high) proliferate in an exponential manner, whereas cells with low EWSR1-FLI1 expression (EWSR1-FLI1-low) tend to have a strong propensity to migrate, invade, and metastasize. Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The continuous evolution of EwS research has revealed some of the molecular underpinnings of this dissemination process. In this review, we discuss the molecular signatures that contribute to metastasis.
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159
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Molnar C, Reina J, Herrero A, Heinen JP, Méndiz V, Bonnal S, Irimia M, Sánchez-Jiménez M, Sánchez-Molina S, Mora J, Gonzalez C. Human EWS-FLI protein recapitulates in Drosophila the neomorphic functions that induce Ewing sarcoma tumorigenesis. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac222. [PMID: 36714878 PMCID: PMC9802468 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a human malignant tumor typically driven by the Ewing sarcoma-Friend leukemia integration (EWS-FLI) fusion protein. A paucity of genetically modified animal models, partially owed to the high toxicity of EWS-FLI, hinders research on EwS. Here, we report a spontaneous mutant variant, EWS-FLI1FS, that circumvents the toxicity issue in Drosophila. Through proteomic and genomic analyses, we show that human EWS-FLI1FS interacts with the Drosophila homologues of EWS-FLI human protein partners, including core subunits of chromatin remodeling complexes, the transcription machinery, and the spliceosome; brings about a massive dysregulation of transcription that affects a significant fraction of known targets of EWS-FLI in human cells; and modulates splicing. We also show that EWS-FLI1FS performs in Drosophila the two major neomorphic activities that it is known to have in human cells: activation of transcription from GGAA microsatellites and out competition of ETS transcription factors. We conclude that EWS-FLI1FS reproduces in Drosophila the known oncogenic activities of EWS-FLI that drive EwS tumorigenesis in humans. These results open up an unprecedented opportunity to investigate EWS-FLI's oncogenic pathways in vivo in a genetically tractable organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Molnar
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Reina
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anastasia Herrero
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain,Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Peter Heinen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Méndiz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sophie Bonnal
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Irimia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Jiménez
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat 08950 Barcelona, Spain,Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Sánchez-Molina
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat 08950 Barcelona, Spain,Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona (PCCB), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Abstract
Undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas (SRCSs) of bone and soft tissue comprise a heterogeneous group of highly aggressive tumours associated with a poor prognosis, especially in metastatic disease. SRCS entities mainly occur in the third decade of life and can exhibit striking disparities regarding preferentially affected sex and tumour localization. SRCSs comprise new entities defined by specific genetic abnormalities, namely EWSR1-non-ETS fusions, CIC-rearrangements or BCOR genetic alterations, as well as EWSR1-ETS fusions in the prototypic SRCS Ewing sarcoma. These gene fusions mainly encode aberrant oncogenic transcription factors that massively rewire the transcriptome and epigenome of the as yet unknown cell or cells of origin. Additional mutations or copy number variants are rare at diagnosis and, depending on the tumour entity, may involve TP53, CDKN2A and others. Histologically, these lesions consist of small round cells expressing variable levels of CD99 and specific marker proteins, including cyclin B3, ETV4, WT1, NKX3-1 and aggrecan, depending on the entity. Besides locoregional treatment that should follow standard protocols for sarcoma management, (neo)adjuvant treatment is as yet ill-defined but generally follows that of Ewing sarcoma and is associated with adverse effects that might compromise quality of life. Emerging studies on the molecular mechanisms of SRCSs and the development of genetically engineered animal models hold promise for improvements in early detection, disease monitoring, treatment-related toxicity, overall survival and quality of life.
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161
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Al-Marshad AY, AlMazrua IS, AlMulla F, Alaboud M, Alrifaie O, Shaheen M, Rajeev P. Unusual presentation of Ewing sarcoma; a case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 99:107479. [PMID: 36152369 PMCID: PMC9568706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Ewing's sarcoma is an aggressive malignancy primarily affecting skeletal system in children and young adults. Case presentation We report an unusual case of Ewing sarcoma in a 14-year-old boy with clinical and radiological features of rapid onset metachronous skeletal metastasis (within 4 weeks of diagnosis). Clinical discussion Although the deterioration of symptoms was very rapid, it is unusual to note that in the presence of such widespread metastatic disease the lungs per se remained uninvolved. Conclusion We describe a unique case of metastatic Ewing's sarcoma who showed rapid systemic disease progression with widespread skeletal metastases (and CNS involvement) but without any evidence of pulmonary involvement. Ewing sarcoma is considered aggressive malignancy primarily affecting skeletal system. It is usually very slowly progressive in nature (years). This case presentation showed aggressiveness behavior with very unpredictable outcomes short period from diagnosis to metastasis. Up to our knowledge, this atypical and rapid disease progression (within a month of diagnosis) was not previously reported in literature.
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162
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An international working group consensus report for the prioritization of molecular biomarkers for Ewing sarcoma. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:65. [PMID: 36115869 PMCID: PMC9482616 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of dose intensified interval compressed therapy has improved event-free survival for patients with localized Ewing sarcoma (EwS) to 78% at 5 years. However, nearly a quarter of patients with localized tumors and 60–80% of patients with metastatic tumors suffer relapse and die of disease. In addition, those who survive are often left with debilitating late effects. Clinical features aside from stage have proven inadequate to meaningfully classify patients for risk-stratified therapy. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop approaches to risk stratify patients with EwS based on molecular features. Over the past decade, new technology has enabled the study of multiple molecular biomarkers in EwS. Preliminary evidence requiring validation supports copy number changes, and loss of function mutations in tumor suppressor genes as biomarkers of outcome in EwS. Initial studies of circulating tumor DNA demonstrated that diagnostic ctDNA burden and ctDNA clearance during induction are also associated with outcome. In addition, fusion partner should be a pre-requisite for enrollment on EwS clinical trials, and the fusion type and structure require further study to determine prognostic impact. These emerging biomarkers represent a new horizon in our understanding of disease risk and will enable future efforts to develop risk-adapted treatment.
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163
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Avnet S, Falzetti L, Bazzocchi A, Gasperini C, Taddei F, Schileo E, Baldini N. Individual Trajectories of Bone Mineral Density Reveal Persistent Bone Loss in Bone Sarcoma Patients: A Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185412. [PMID: 36143059 PMCID: PMC9506337 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiagent chemotherapy offers an undoubted therapeutic benefit to cancer patients, but is also associated with chronic complications in survivors. Osteoporosis affects the quality of life of oncologic patients, especially at the paediatric age. However, very few studies have described the extent of loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in bone sarcoma patients. We analysed a retrospective series of children and adolescents with primary malignant bone tumours (52 osteosarcoma and 31 Ewing sarcoma) and retrieved their BMD at diagnosis and follow-up as Hounsfield units (HU). We studied their individual BMD trajectories before and after chemotherapy up to 5 years, using routine chest CT scan and attenuation thresholds on T12 vertebrae ROI. At one year, bone sarcoma patients showed significant bone loss compared to diagnosis: 17.6% and 17.1% less for OS and EW, respectively. Furthermore, a bone loss of more than 49.2 HU at one-year follow-up was predictive of the persistence of a reduced bone mass over the following 4 years, especially in patients with EW. At 4 years, only 26% and 12.5% of OS and EW, respectively, had recovered or improved their BMD with respect to the onset, suggesting a risk of developing morbidities related to a low BMD in those subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Avnet
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Falzetti
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Gasperini
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fulvia Taddei
- BIC Bioengineering and Computing Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Schileo
- BIC Bioengineering and Computing Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Ye C, Wei W, Tang X, Li F, Xin B, Chen Q, Wei H, He S, Xiao J. Sacral Ewing sarcoma with rib, lung, and multifocal skull metastases: A rare case report and review of treatments. Front Oncol 2022; 12:933579. [PMID: 36172156 PMCID: PMC9511402 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) rarely derives from the sacrum or mobile spine. The discovery of primary ES with multimetastatic involvements is exceedingly less frequent in clinical practice. A 23-year-old man with initial primary sacral ES developed metastases of rib, lung, and multifocal skull after receiving surgical intervention and series of adjuvant therapies. We provide this very rare case consisting of its clinical features, imaging findings, treatments, and outcomes. Therapeutic modalities of ES are also reviewed in previous published articles. The prognosis of metastatic ES remains dismal; effective therapeutic modalities for ES require multidisciplinary collaboration, with more high-quality clinical trials to promote the optimal protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ye
- School of Health Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Health Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuebin Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the 943rd Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People's Liberation Army, Wuwei, China
| | - Baoquan Xin
- School of Health Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- School of Health Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- School of Health Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, No.905 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Navy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Haifeng Wei, ; Shaohui He, ; Jianru Xiao,
| | - Shaohui He
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, No.905 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Navy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Haifeng Wei, ; Shaohui He, ; Jianru Xiao,
| | - Jianru Xiao
- School of Health Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, No.905 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Navy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Haifeng Wei, ; Shaohui He, ; Jianru Xiao,
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Chira S, Nutu A, Isacescu E, Bica C, Pop L, Ciocan C, Berindan-Neagoe I. Genome Editing Approaches with CRISPR/Cas9 for Cancer Treatment: Critical Appraisal of Preclinical and Clinical Utility, Challenges, and Future Research. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182781. [PMID: 36139356 PMCID: PMC9496708 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden on human malignant diseases became a major concern for healthcare practitioners, that must deal with tumor relapse and the inability to efficiently treat metastasis, in addition to side effects. Throughout the decades, many therapeutic strategies have been employed to improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients and great efforts have been made to develop more efficient and targeted medicines. The malignant cell is characterized by genetic and epigenetic modifications, therefore targeting those specific drivers of carcinogenesis is highly desirable. Among the genome editing technologies, CRISPR/Cas9 stood as a promising candidate for cancer treatment alternatives, due to its low complexity design. First described as a defense mechanism of bacteria against invading foreign DNA, later it was shown that CRISPR components can be engineered to target specific DNA sequences in a test tube, a discovery that was awarded later with the Nobel Prize in chemistry for its rapid expansion as a reliable genome editing tool in many fields of research, including medicine. The present paper aims of describing CRISPR/Cas9 potential targets for malignant disorders, and the approaches used for achieving this goal. Aside from preclinical studies, we also present the clinical trials that use CRISPR-based technology for therapeutic purposes of cancer. Finally, a summary of the presented studies adds a more focused view of the therapeutic value CRISPR/Cas9 holds and the associated shortcomings.
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Rossi F, Tortora C, Paoletta M, Marrapodi MM, Argenziano M, Di Paola A, Pota E, Di Pinto D, Di Martino M, Iolascon G. Osteoporosis in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Physiopathology, Prevention, Therapy and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184349. [PMID: 36139510 PMCID: PMC9496695 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anti-cancer treatments induced an increase in the childhood cancer survival rate. However, they are responsible for several long-term side effects in childhood cancer survivors, including osteoporosis. Cancer itself, a sedentary lifestyle, and an unhealthy diet might adversely affect bone health. Early identification and adequate management of bone fragility in childhood cancer survivors could be useful to prevent osteoporosis onset and consequently fragility fractures. Abstract The improvement of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical interventions, together with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, increased childhood cancer survival rate in the last decades, reaching 80% in Europe. Nevertheless, anti-cancer treatments are mainly responsible for the onset of long-term side effects in childhood cancer survivors (CCS), including alterations of the endocrine system function and activity. In particular, the most frequent dysfunction in CCS is a metabolic bone disorder characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) with increased skeletal fragility. BMD loss is also a consequence of a sedentary lifestyle, malnutrition, and cancer itself could affect BMD, thus inducing osteopenia and osteoporosis. In this paper, we provide an overview of possible causes of bone impairment in CCS in order to propose management strategies for early identification and treatment of skeletal fragility in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rossi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-5423
| | - Chiara Tortora
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Paoletta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Marrapodi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maura Argenziano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Paola
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Elvira Pota
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Pinto
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Di Martino
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 4, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Huang R, Huang D, Wang S, Xian S, Liu Y, Jin M, Zhang X, Chen S, Yue X, Zhang W, Lu J, Liu H, Huang Z, Zhang H, Yin H. Repression of enhancer RNA PHLDA1 promotes tumorigenesis and progression of Ewing sarcoma via decreasing infiltrating T‐lymphocytes: A bioinformatic analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:952162. [PMID: 36092920 PMCID: PMC9453160 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.952162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The molecular mechanisms of EWS-FLI-mediating target genes and downstream pathways may provide a new way in the targeted therapy of Ewing sarcoma. Meanwhile, enhancers transcript non-coding RNAs, known as enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), which may serve as potential diagnosis markers and therapeutic targets in Ewing sarcoma. Materials and methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between 85 Ewing sarcoma samples downloaded from the Treehouse database and 3 normal bone samples downloaded from the Sequence Read Archive database. Included in DEGs, differentially expressed eRNAs (DEeRNAs) and target genes corresponding to DEeRNAs (DETGs), as well as the differentially expressed TFs, were annotated. Then, cell type identification by estimating relative subsets of known RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) was used to infer portions of infiltrating immune cells in Ewing sarcoma and normal bone samples. To evaluate the prognostic value of DEeRNAs and immune function, cross validation, independent prognosis analysis, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were implemented using sarcoma samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Next, hallmarks of cancer by gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and immune gene sets by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were identified to be significantly associated with Ewing sarcoma. After screening by co-expression analysis, most significant DEeRNAs, DETGs and DETFs, immune cells, immune gene sets, and hallmarks of cancer were merged to construct a co-expression regulatory network to eventually identify the key DEeRNAs in tumorigenesis of Ewing sarcoma. Moreover, Connectivity Map Analysis was utilized to identify small molecules targeting Ewing sarcoma. External validation based on multidimensional online databases and scRNA-seq analysis were used to verify our key findings. Results: A six-different-dimension regulatory network was constructed based on 17 DEeRNAs, 29 DETFs, 9 DETGs, 5 immune cells, 24 immune gene sets, and 8 hallmarks of cancer. Four key DEeRNAs (CCR1, CD3D, PHLDA1, and RASD1) showed significant co-expression relationships in the network. Connectivity Map Analysis screened two candidate compounds, MS-275 and pyrvinium, that might target Ewing sarcoma. PHLDA1 (key DEeRNA) was extensively expressed in cancer stem cells of Ewing sarcoma, which might play a critical role in the tumorigenesis of Ewing sarcoma. Conclusion: PHLDA1 is a key regulator in the tumorigenesis and progression of Ewing sarcoma. PHLDA1 is directly repressed by EWS/FLI1 protein and low expression of FOSL2, resulting in the deregulation of FOX proteins and CC chemokine receptors. The decrease of infiltrating T‐lymphocytes and TNFA signaling may promote tumorigenesis and progression of Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqiao Wang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyuan Xian
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinkun Zhang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaofeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyu Lu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zongqiang Huang, ; Hao Zhang, ; Huabin Yin,
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zongqiang Huang, ; Hao Zhang, ; Huabin Yin,
| | - Huabin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zongqiang Huang, ; Hao Zhang, ; Huabin Yin,
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Li W, Dong S, Lin Y, Wu H, Chen M, Qin C, Li K, Zhang J, Tang ZR, Wang H, Huo K, Xie X, Hu Z, Kuang S, Yin C. A tool for predicting overall survival in patients with Ewing sarcoma: a multicenter retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:914. [PMID: 35999524 PMCID: PMC9400324 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish and validate a clinical prediction model for assessing the risk of metastasis and patient survival in Ewing's sarcoma (ES). METHODS Patients diagnosed with ES from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database for the period 2010-2016 were extracted, and the data after exclusion of vacant terms was used as the training set (n=767). Prediction models predicting patients' overall survival (OS) at 1 and 3 years were created by cox regression analysis and visualized using Nomogram and web calculator. Multicenter data from four medical institutions were used as the validation set (n=51), and the model consistency was verified using calibration plots, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) verified the predictive ability of the model. Finally, a clinical decision curve was used to demonstrate the clinical utility of the model. RESULTS The results of multivariate cox regression showed that age, , bone metastasis, tumor size, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors of ES patients. Internal and external validation results: calibration plots showed that the model had a good agreement for patient survival at 1 and 3 years; ROC showed that it possessed a good predictive ability and clinical decision curve proved that it possessed good clinical utility. CONCLUSIONS The tool built in this paper to predict 1- and 3-year survival in ES patients ( https://drwenleli0910.shinyapps.io/EwingApp/ ) has a good identification and predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenle Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery II, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, 712099, China
| | - Shengtao Dong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Yuewei Lin
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Huitao Wu
- Intelligent Healthcare Team, Baidu Inc, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- Emergency Department, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750000, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, 545000, China
| | - Kelin Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, 545000, China
| | - JunYan Zhang
- Medical Big Data Research Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Medical Big Data Application Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhi-Ri Tang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Haosheng Wang
- Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Kang Huo
- Neurology department, Xi'an jiaotong university 1st affiliated hospital, Xian, 71000, China
| | - Xiangtao Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, 545000, China
| | - Zhaohui Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, 545000, China.
| | - Sirui Kuang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Chengliang Yin
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
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Wu K, Zhu X, Li Y, Wen D, Wu H, Lai Y, Li Y, Wu J, Liu Z. Primary Ewing’s sarcoma of sphenoid sinus: A case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:894833. [PMID: 36046048 PMCID: PMC9422175 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.894833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPrimary Ewing’s sarcoma of sphenoid sinus, observed in children and adolescents, is an extremely rare malignancy. Such rarity makes the imaging features and treatment strategies for Ewing’s sarcoma of sphenoid sinus unclear. This study aimed to offer guidance for treating this very disease by describing a patient with a rare primary Ewing’s sarcoma of sphenoid sinus and reviewing the available data in the literature.Case descriptionA case of Ewing’s sarcoma in sphenoid sinus treated with multidisciplinary treatment approaches, including tumor resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and antiangiogenic therapy, was presented in this study. Moreover, literature for Ewing’s sarcoma in the head was systematically searched, and two cases in the sphenoid sinus and five cases in the sphenoid bone were identified. Furthermore, the clinical features, imaging findings, pathological characteristics, treatment, and prognosis were summarized.ConclusionTumor resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy may provide favorable results for patients with Ewing’s sarcoma of sphenoid sinus and bone. However, more reports are still necessary to further clarify optimal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Wu
- Department of Oncology, Heyuan Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Kunpeng Wu, ; Zhuoxing Liu,
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Heyuan Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology, Heyuan Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Daxiong Wen
- Department of Pathology, Heyuan Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Huiyu Wu
- Department of Pathology, Heyuan Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Yanzhen Lai
- Department of Oncology, Heyuan Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Oncology, Heyuan Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Oncology, Heyuan Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Zhuoxing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Heyuan Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Heyuan People’s Hospital, Heyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Kunpeng Wu, ; Zhuoxing Liu,
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170
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Hai Y, Kawachi A, He X, Yoshimi A. Pathogenic Roles of RNA-Binding Proteins in Sarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153812. [PMID: 35954475 PMCID: PMC9367343 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are proteins that physically and functionally bind to RNA to regulate the RNA metabolism such as alternative splicing, polyadenylation, transport, maintenance of stability, localization, and translation. There is accumulating evidence that dysregulated RBPs play an essential role in the pathogenesis of malignant tumors including a variety of types of sarcomas. On the other hand, prognosis of patients with sarcoma, especially with sarcoma in advanced stages, is very poor, and almost no effective standard treatment has been established for most of types of sarcomas so far, highlighting the urgent need for identifying novel therapeutic targets based on the deep understanding of pathogenesis. Therefore, defining the network of interactions between RBPs and disease-related RNA targets will contribute to a better understanding of sarcomagenesis and identification of a novel therapeutic target for sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hai
- Cancer RNA Research Unit, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Asuka Kawachi
- Cancer RNA Research Unit, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Xiaodong He
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Akihide Yoshimi
- Cancer RNA Research Unit, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3542-2511
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171
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Puerto-Camacho P, Díaz-Martín J, Olmedo-Pelayo J, Bolado-Carrancio A, Salguero-Aranda C, Jordán-Pérez C, Esteban-Medina M, Álamo-Álvarez I, Delgado-Bellido D, Lobo-Selma L, Dopazo J, Sastre A, Alonso J, Grünewald TGP, Bernabeu C, Byron A, Brunton VG, Amaral AT, Álava ED. Endoglin and MMP14 Contribute to Ewing Sarcoma Spreading by Modulation of Cell–Matrix Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158657. [PMID: 35955799 PMCID: PMC9369355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoglin (ENG) is a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) marker typically expressed by active endothelium. This transmembrane glycoprotein is shed by matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14). Our previous work demonstrated potent preclinical activity of first-in-class anti-ENG antibody-drug conjugates as a nascent strategy to eradicate Ewing sarcoma (ES), a devastating rare bone/soft tissue cancer with a putative MSC origin. We also defined a correlation between ENG and MMP14 expression in ES. Herein, we show that ENG expression is significantly associated with a dismal prognosis in a large cohort of ES patients. Moreover, both ENG/MMP14 are frequently expressed in primary ES tumors and metastasis. To deepen in their functional relevance in ES, we conducted transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of in vitro ES models that unveiled a key role of ENG and MMP14 in cell mechano-transduction. Migration and adhesion assays confirmed that loss of ENG disrupts actin filament assembly and filopodia formation, with a concomitant effect on cell spreading. Furthermore, we observed that ENG regulates cell–matrix interaction through activation of focal adhesion signaling and protein kinase C expression. In turn, loss of MMP14 contributed to a more adhesive phenotype of ES cells by modulating the transcriptional extracellular matrix dynamics. Overall, these results suggest that ENG and MMP14 exert a significant role in mediating correct spreading machinery of ES cells, impacting the aggressiveness of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Puerto-Camacho
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Molecular Pathology of Sarcomas, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Díaz-Martín
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Molecular Pathology of Sarcomas, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Joaquín Olmedo-Pelayo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Molecular Pathology of Sarcomas, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Alfonso Bolado-Carrancio
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Carmen Salguero-Aranda
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Molecular Pathology of Sarcomas, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Jordán-Pérez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Molecular Pathology of Sarcomas, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Marina Esteban-Medina
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Álamo-Álvarez
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel Delgado-Bellido
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Molecular Pathology of Sarcomas, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Laura Lobo-Selma
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Molecular Pathology of Sarcomas, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Sastre
- Unidad Hemato-oncología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad Hemato-oncología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (IIER-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas G. P. Grünewald
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp-Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Valerie G. Brunton
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ana Teresa Amaral
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Molecular Pathology of Sarcomas, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.T.A.); (E.D.Á.)
| | - Enrique De Álava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocio University Hospital/CSIC/University of Sevilla/CIBERONC, Molecular Pathology of Sarcomas, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Normal and Pathological Cytology and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.T.A.); (E.D.Á.)
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172
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Violon F, Burns R, Mihoubi F, Audard V, Biau D, Feydy A, Larousserie F. Intramedullary, periosteal, and extraskeletal Ewing sarcomas: retrospective study of a series of 126 cases in a reference center. Skeletal Radiol 2022; 51:1659-1670. [PMID: 35179621 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the proportion of extraskeletal, periosteal, and intramedullary Ewing sarcomas among musculoskeletal Ewing sarcomas. MATERIAL AND METHOD Our single-center retrospective study included patients with musculoskeletal Ewing sarcoma diagnosed between 2005 and 2019 in our pathology center (cases from our adult bone tumor referral center and adult and pediatric cases referred for review). Recurrences, metastases, and visceral Ewing sarcomas were excluded. Intramedullary Ewing sarcomas were defined by involvement of the medullary cavity. Periosteal cases were defined by involvement of the subperiosteal area without extension to the medullary cavity. Extraskeletal cases were defined by the absence of involvement of the bone tissue and the subperiosteal area. RESULTS Our series included 126 patients with musculoskeletal Ewing sarcoma, including 118 skeletal Ewing sarcomas (93.7%) and 8 extraskeletal Ewing sarcomas (6.3%). Of the 118 skeletal Ewing sarcomas 112 were intramedullary (88.9%) and 6 were periosteal (4.8%). Extraskeletal Ewing sarcomas were more common in women and in patients older than 40 (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION The 6.3% proportion of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma is lower than the median of 30% estimated from the literature. This difference could be explained by an overestimation of extraskeletal Ewing sarcomas of the chest wall (Askin tumors), an underestimation of periosteal cases confused with extraskeletal cases, and the presence of "Ewing-like" soft tissue sarcomas in previous series. Because of its prognostic and therapeutic impact, the distinction of morphologic subtypes requires the cooperation of experienced radiologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Violon
- Service de Pathologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP‑HP, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - R Burns
- Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - F Mihoubi
- Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - V Audard
- Service de Pathologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP‑HP, Paris, France
| | - D Biau
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - A Feydy
- Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - F Larousserie
- Service de Pathologie, Hôpital Cochin, AP‑HP, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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173
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Mousavi SR, Farrokhi MR, Eghbal K, Dehghanian A, Rezvani A, Ghaffarpasand F. Metastatic thoracic and lumbar intramedullary and extramedullary Ewing's sarcoma: a rare case report and literature review. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221108095. [PMID: 35938475 PMCID: PMC9364211 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221108095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly aggressive bone and soft tissue tumor that occurs
mainly in young children and adolescents and is associated with primary and
metastatic disease. Intramedullary ES (either primary or secondary) is rare, and
the ideal management remains inconclusive. We herein report intramedullary and
extramedullary metastatic ES in a single patient. A 46-year-old woman was
referred to our outpatient clinic from the oncology clinic with progressive
paraparesis and paresthesia for 1 week prior to presentation. She had developed
left clavicular ES 2 years earlier for which surgery and chemoradiotherapy had
been performed. At the present evaluation, she was diagnosed with intramedullary
thoracic and lumbar extradural masses. Thoracic surgery was performed, and a
biopsy of the lesion was obtained. The diagnosis of ES was confirmed
histopathologically, and she underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. Her neurological
status did not improve after surgery, and she underwent rehabilitation and
physical therapy. The lumbar lesion resolved with chemotherapy. Metastasis of ES
to the spinal cord, especially intramedullary lesions, is extremely rare, and
there is no standard management guideline. However, surgical decompression and
adjuvant chemotherapy are the main treatments in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Reza Mousavi
- Department of Neurosurgery, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Reza Farrokhi
- Shiraz Neurosciences Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Keyvan Eghbal
- Department of Neurosurgery, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Dehghanian
- Trauma research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pathology, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezvani
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fariborz Ghaffarpasand
- Research Center for Neuromodulation and Pain, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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174
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Ogura K, Elkrief A, Bowman AS, Koche RP, de Stanchina E, Benayed R, Mauguen A, Mattar MS, Khodos I, Meyers PA, Healey JH, Tap WD, Hameed M, Zehir A, Shukla N, Sawyers C, Bose R, Slotkin E, Ladanyi M. Prospective Clinical Genomic Profiling of Ewing Sarcoma: ERF and FGFR1 Mutations as Recurrent Secondary Alterations of Potential Biologic and Therapeutic Relevance. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2200048. [PMID: 35952322 PMCID: PMC9384944 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a primitive sarcoma defined by EWSR1-ETS fusions as the primary driver alteration. To better define the landscape of cooperating secondary genetic alterations in ES, we analyzed clinical genomic profiling data of 113 patients with ES, a cohort including more adult patients (> 18 years) and more patients with advanced stage at presentation than previous genomic cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ogura
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Arielle Elkrief
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Anita S Bowman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Richard P Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Anti-tumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ryma Benayed
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE
| | - Audrey Mauguen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Marissa S Mattar
- Anti-tumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Inna Khodos
- Anti-tumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Paul A Meyers
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - John H Healey
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - William D Tap
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Meera Hameed
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ahmet Zehir
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE
| | - Neerav Shukla
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Charles Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,HHMI, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rohit Bose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Benioff Initiative for Prostate Cancer Research, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Emily Slotkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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175
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Noort S, van Oosterwijk J, Ma J, Garfinkle EA, Nance S, Walsh M, Song G, Reinhardt D, Pigazzi M, Locatelli F, Hasle H, Abrahamsson J, Jarosova M, Kelaidi C, Polychronopoulou S, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Fornerod M, Gruber TA, Zwaan CM. Analysis of rare driving events in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2022; 108:48-60. [PMID: 35899387 PMCID: PMC9827169 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.280250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating genetic aberrations in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) provides insight in biology and may impact on risk-group stratification and clinical outcome. This study aimed to detect such aberrations in a selected series of samples without known (cyto)genetic aberration using molecular profiling. A cohort of 161 patients was selected from various study groups: DCOG, BFM, SJCRH, NOPHO and AEIOP. Samples were analyzed using RNA sequencing (n=152), whole exome (n=135) and/or whole genome sequencing (n=100). In 70 of 156 patients (45%), of whom RNA sequencing or whole genome sequencing was available, rearrangements were detected, 22 of which were novel; five involving ERG rearrangements and four NPM1 rearrangements. ERG rearrangements showed self-renewal capacity in vitro, and a distinct gene expression pattern. Gene set enrichment analysis of this cluster showed upregulation of gene sets derived from Ewing sarcoma, which was confirmed comparing gene expression profiles of AML and Ewing sarcoma. Furthermore, NPM1-rearranged cases showed cytoplasmic NPM1 localization and revealed HOXA/B gene overexpression, as described for NPM1 mutated cases. Single-gene mutations as identified in adult AML were rare. Patients had a median of 24 coding mutations (range, 7-159). Novel recurrent mutations were detected in UBTF (n=10), a regulator of RNA transcription. In 75% of patients an aberration with a prognostic impact could be detected. Therefore, we suggest these techniques need to become standard of care in diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Noort
- Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Nance
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael Walsh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Guangchun Song
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- AML-BFM Study Group, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Essen, Germany
| | - Martina Pigazzi
- Women and Child Health Department, Hematology-Oncology Clinic and Lab, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Abrahamsson
- Nordic Society for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Institution for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Jarosova
- Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Charikleia Kelaidi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Polychronopoulou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Fornerod
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja A. Gruber
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - C. Michel Zwaan
- Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands,C. M. Zwaan
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176
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Wen J, Wan L, Dong X. The prognostic value of autophagy related genes with potential protective function in Ewing sarcoma. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:306. [PMID: 35902797 PMCID: PMC9335970 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor mainly occurring in children, adolescents and young adults with high metastasis and mortality. Autophagy has been reported to be involved in the survival of ES, but the role remains unclear. Therefore, it’s necessary to investigate the prognostic value of autophagy related genes using bioinformatics methods. Results ATG2B, ATG10 and DAPK1 were final screened genes for a prognostic model. KM and risk score plots showed patients in high score group had better prognoses both in training and validation sets. C-indexes of the model for training and validation sets were 0.68 and 0.71, respectively. Calibration analyses indicated the model had high prediction accuracy in training and validation sets. The AUC values of ROC for 1-, 3-, 5-year prediction were 0.65, 0.73 and 0.84 in training set, 0.88, 0.73 and 0.79 in validation set, which suggested high prediction accuracy of the model. Decision curve analyses showed that patients could benefit much from the model. Differential and functional analyses suggested that autophagy and apoptosis were upregulated in high risk score group. Conclusions ATG2B, ATG10 and DAPK1 were autophagy related genes with potential protective function in ES. The prognostic model established by them exhibited excellent prediction accuracy and discriminatory capacities. They might be used as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in ES. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-022-04849-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wen
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, 152 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,JXHC Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopedics (Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital), 152 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lijia Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xieping Dong
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, 152 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China. .,JXHC Key Laboratory of Digital Orthopedics (Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital), 152 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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177
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Dogan I, Iribas A, Ahmed MA, Basaran M. Efficacy of the VIT (vincristine, irinotecan and temozolomide) regimen in adults with metastatic Ewing sarcoma. J Chemother 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35894948 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2104295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the research was to investigate if a combination of vincristine, irinotecan and temozolomide (VIT) could benefit adult patients with metastatic Ewing sarcoma who had already been heavily pretreated. Metastatic Ewing sarcoma patients had their data retrospectively analyzed. The patients' clinical, radiological and therapeutic data were recorded. Survival analyzes were performed with these data. The study enlisted the participation of sixteen patients. The average age was 25 years old (range: 20-42). The lung was the most prevalent metastatic location (81.3%). Patients had received at least two distinct chemotherapy combinations (87.5%) and palliative radiotherapy (37.5%) before receiving the (VIT) combination. The Median progression-free survival time was found as 3.4 (95% CI, 1.8-4.9) months. Five patients (31.3%) experienced a partial response, while the remaining patients (68.7%) had progressing disease. Thirteen individuals (81.3%) had grade 1-2 adverse events, whereas five (31.3%) had grade 3-4 adverse events. Hematological complications were the most common side effects (87.5%). Median overall survival was calculated as 5.6 (95% CI, 3.6-7.5) months in the patients after the beginning of VIT regimen. We demonstrated the efficacy of the VIT regimen in adult patients with metastatic Ewing sarcoma in this research. In these extensively pretreated patients, toxicities were a concern. Metastatic Ewing sarcoma patients have few treatment choices. In patients who have had a good performance status, VIT regimen may be considered for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzet Dogan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Iribas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Istanbul University of Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melin Aydan Ahmed
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Basaran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
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178
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Barghi F, Shannon HE, Saadatzadeh MR, Bailey BJ, Riyahi N, Bijangi-Vishehsaraei K, Just M, Ferguson MJ, Pandya PH, Pollok KE. Precision Medicine Highlights Dysregulation of the CDK4/6 Cell Cycle Regulatory Pathway in Pediatric, Adolescents and Young Adult Sarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153611. [PMID: 35892870 PMCID: PMC9331212 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review provides an overview of clinical features and current therapies in children, adolescents, and young adults (AYA) with sarcoma. It highlights the basic and clinical findings on the cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) cell cycle regulatory pathway in the context of the precision medicine-based molecular profiles of the three most common types of pediatric and AYA sarcomas—osteosarcoma (OS), rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), and Ewing sarcoma (EWS). Abstract Despite improved therapeutic and clinical outcomes for patients with localized diseases, outcomes for pediatric and AYA sarcoma patients with high-grade or aggressive disease are still relatively poor. With advancements in next generation sequencing (NGS), precision medicine now provides a strategy to improve outcomes in patients with aggressive disease by identifying biomarkers of therapeutic sensitivity or resistance. The integration of NGS into clinical decision making not only increases the accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis, but also has the potential to identify effective and less toxic therapies for pediatric and AYA sarcomas. Genome and transcriptome profiling have detected dysregulation of the CDK4/6 cell cycle regulatory pathway in subpopulations of pediatric and AYA OS, RMS, and EWS. In these patients, the inhibition of CDK4/6 represents a promising precision medicine-guided therapy. There is a critical need, however, to identify novel and promising combination therapies to fight the development of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition. In this review, we offer rationale and perspective on the promise and challenges of this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Barghi
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.E.S.); (M.R.S.); (B.J.B.); (N.R.); (K.B.-V.)
| | - Harlan E. Shannon
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.E.S.); (M.R.S.); (B.J.B.); (N.R.); (K.B.-V.)
| | - M. Reza Saadatzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.E.S.); (M.R.S.); (B.J.B.); (N.R.); (K.B.-V.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (M.J.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Barbara J. Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.E.S.); (M.R.S.); (B.J.B.); (N.R.); (K.B.-V.)
| | - Niknam Riyahi
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.E.S.); (M.R.S.); (B.J.B.); (N.R.); (K.B.-V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Khadijeh Bijangi-Vishehsaraei
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.E.S.); (M.R.S.); (B.J.B.); (N.R.); (K.B.-V.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (M.J.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Marissa Just
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (M.J.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (M.J.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Pankita H. Pandya
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.E.S.); (M.R.S.); (B.J.B.); (N.R.); (K.B.-V.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (M.J.); (M.J.F.)
- Correspondence: (P.H.P.); (K.E.P.)
| | - Karen E. Pollok
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (H.E.S.); (M.R.S.); (B.J.B.); (N.R.); (K.B.-V.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (M.J.); (M.J.F.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: (P.H.P.); (K.E.P.)
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179
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Franke GN, Pfannes R, Heyn S, Brückner M, Rieprecht S, Bach E, Remane Y, Leiblein S, Pönisch W, Niederwieser D, Schwind S, Platzbecker U, Jentzsch M, Vucinic V. Analysis of stem cell collections in adult patients with Ewing sarcoma. Transfusion 2022; 62:1612-1618. [PMID: 35801531 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ewing sarcoma is one of the most frequent soft-tissue tumors in pediatric patients. The current treatment protocols recommend stem cell apheresis (SCA) after completion of the second course of induction therapy with vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicine, and etoposide (VIDE). The feasibility of SCA and graft compositions in adult patients with Ewing sarcoma have not been previously analyzed. METHODS AND MATERIALS The authors analyzed 29 stem cell collections of 19 adult patients (9 male, 10 female) at a median age of 27 (range 19-53) years mobilized after VIDE (n = 17), cyclophosphamide/topotecan (n = 1) or vincristine, dactinomycin and ifosfamide (n = 1) chemotherapy. All patients were mobilized with filgrastim 5 μg/kg twice daily from day +7 of chemotherapy. The collections were performed if CD34+ cell count in peripheral blood was >10/μL. The target yields were ≥4×106 CD34+ cells/kg body weight. RESULTS Median CD34+ cells/μL in peripheral blood before SCA were 45.8 (range 6.7-614.4)/μL. The median cumulative yields were 10.6 (range 1.5-38.8) CD34+ cells/kg body weight and ≥2×106 in all but two patients (89%). CD34, CD3, and CD56 yields in collections after the third VIDE and after later courses did not differ. Four patients underwent high-dose therapy with autologous transplantation, and all were engrafted. DISCUSSION Stem cell mobilization is feasible in most Ewing sarcoma patients. Additionally, the present study's data suggest that it is safe to postpone stem cell collection to a later VIDE chemotherapy cycle if medically indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg-Nikolaus Franke
- Medical Clinic for Hematology, Celltherapy and Hemostaseology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roald Pfannes
- Medical Clinic for Hematology, Celltherapy and Hemostaseology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Heyn
- Medical Clinic for Hematology, Celltherapy and Hemostaseology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Brückner
- Medical Clinic for Hematology, Celltherapy and Hemostaseology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Enrica Bach
- Medical Clinic for Hematology, Celltherapy and Hemostaseology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Remane
- Pharmacy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Leiblein
- Medical Clinic for Hematology, Celltherapy and Hemostaseology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfram Pönisch
- Medical Clinic for Hematology, Celltherapy and Hemostaseology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dietger Niederwieser
- Medical Clinic for Hematology, Celltherapy and Hemostaseology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schwind
- Medical Clinic for Hematology, Celltherapy and Hemostaseology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Medical Clinic for Hematology, Celltherapy and Hemostaseology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madlen Jentzsch
- Medical Clinic for Hematology, Celltherapy and Hemostaseology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vladan Vucinic
- Medical Clinic for Hematology, Celltherapy and Hemostaseology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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180
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Tokarsky EJ, Crow JC, Guenther LM, Sherman J, Taslim C, Alexe G, Pishas KI, Rask G, Justis BS, Kasumova A, Stegmaier K, Lessnick SL, Theisen ER. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is a Driver of SP-2509 Drug Resistance in Ewing Sarcoma. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1035-1046. [PMID: 35298000 PMCID: PMC9284474 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the fusion oncoprotein EWS/FLI causes Ewing sarcoma, an aggressive pediatric tumor characterized by widespread epigenetic deregulation. These epigenetic changes are targeted by novel lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) inhibitors, which are currently in early-phase clinical trials. Single-agent-targeted therapy often induces resistance, and successful clinical development requires knowledge of resistance mechanisms, enabling the design of effective combination strategies. Here, we used a genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screen to identify genes whose knockout (KO) conferred resistance to the LSD1 inhibitor SP-2509 in Ewing sarcoma cell lines. Multiple genes required for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes III and IV function were hits in our screen. We validated this finding using genetic and chemical approaches, including CRISPR KO, ETC inhibitors, and mitochondrial depletion. Further global transcriptional profiling revealed that altered complex III/IV function disrupted the oncogenic program mediated by EWS/FLI and LSD1 and blunted the transcriptomic response to SP-2509. IMPLICATIONS These findings demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction modulates SP-2509 efficacy and suggest that new therapeutic strategies combining LSD1 with agents that prevent mitochondrial dysfunction may benefit patients with this aggressive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. John Tokarsky
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jesse C. Crow
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lillian M. Guenther
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John Sherman
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Cenny Taslim
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gabriela Alexe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Galen Rask
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Blake S. Justis
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ana Kasumova
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen L. Lessnick
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Emily R. Theisen
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Corresponding Author: Emily R. Theisen, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205. Phone: 614-355-2927; E-mail:
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181
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Cheng JW, Peters CE, Scanlon S, Fernandez N, Pacheco MC. Primary Ewing sarcoma of the testicle in an adolescent patient. Urology 2022; 170:193-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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182
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Karlina I, Schroeder BA, Kirgizov K, Romantsova O, Istranov AL, Nedorubov A, Timashev P, Ulasov I. Latest developments in the pathobiology of Ewing sarcoma. J Bone Oncol 2022; 35:100440. [PMID: 35855933 PMCID: PMC9287185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Karlina
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Brett A. Schroeder
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kirill Kirgizov
- Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology at N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Olga Romantsova
- Research Institute of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology at N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of Russia Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Andrey L. Istranov
- Department of Oncology, radiation therapy and plastic surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey Nedorubov
- Center for Preclinical Research, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Corresponding author at: Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Centre “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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183
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Zhang T, Wang Z, Liu M, Liu L, Yang X, Zhang Y, Bie J, Li Y, Ren M, Song C, Wang W, Tan H, Luo J. Acetylation dependent translocation of EWSR1 regulates CHK2 alternative splicing in response to DNA damage. Oncogene 2022; 41:3694-3704. [PMID: 35732801 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) is a member of FET (FUS/EWSR1/TAF15) RNA-binding family of proteins. The Ewing sarcoma oncoprotein EWS-FLI1 has been extensively studied, while much less is known about EWSR1 itself, especially the potential role of EWSR1 in response to DNA damage. Here, we found that UV irradiation induces acetylation of EWSR1, which is required for its nucleoli translocation. We identified K423, K432, K438, K640, and K643 as the major acetylation sites, p300/CBP and HDAC3/HDAC10 as the major acetyltransferases and deacetylases, respectively. Mechanically, UV-induced EWSR1 acetylation repressed its interaction with spliceosomal component U1C, which caused abnormal splicing of CHK2, suppressing the activity of CHK2 in response to UV irradiation. Taken together, our findings uncover acetylation as a novel regulatory modification of EWSR1, and is essential for its function in DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhuo Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Juntao Bie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mengmeng Ren
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wengong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongyu Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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184
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Fernández-Tabanera E, Melero-Fernández de Mera RM, Alonso J. CD44 In Sarcomas: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2022; 12:909450. [PMID: 35785191 PMCID: PMC9247467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.909450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the tumor microenvironment, particularly the extracellular matrix, plays an essential role in the development of tumors through the interaction with specific protein-membrane receptors. One of the most relevant proteins in this context is the transmembrane protein CD44. The role of CD44 in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis has been well established in many cancers, although a comprehensive review concerning its role in sarcomas has not been published. CD44 is overexpressed in most sarcomas and several in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown a direct effect on tumor progression, dissemination, and drug resistance. Moreover, CD44 has been revealed as a useful marker for prognostic and diagnostic (CD44v6 isoform) in osteosarcoma. Besides, some innovative treatments such as HA-functionalized liposomes therapy have become an excellent CD44-mediated intracellular delivery system for osteosarcoma. Unfortunately, the reduced number of studies deciphering the prognostic/diagnostic value of CD44 in other sarcoma subgroups, neither than osteosarcoma, in addition to the low number of patients involved in those studies, have produced inconclusive results. In this review, we have gone through the information available on the role of CD44 in the development, maintenance, and progression of sarcomas, analyzing their implications at the prognostic, therapeutic, and mechanistic levels. Moreover, we illustrate how research involving the specific role of CD44 in the different sarcoma subgroups could suppose a chance to advance towards a more innovative perspective for novel therapies and future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Fernández-Tabanera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel M. Melero-Fernández de Mera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Javier Alonso,
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185
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Hong B, Li Y, Yang R, Dai S, Zhan Y, Zhang WB, Dong R. Single-cell transcriptional profiling reveals heterogeneity and developmental trajectories of Ewing sarcoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:3267-3280. [PMID: 35713707 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm composed of small round cells. The heterogeneity and developmental trajectories of EwS are uncertain. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 4 EwS tumor tissue samples, and 3 transcriptional atlases were generated. K-nearest neighbor algorithm was used to predict the origin of tumor cells at single-cell resolution. Monocle2 package was used to perform pseudotime trajectory analysis in tumor cells. Differentially expressed genes were compared against those in all other clusters via the FindMarkers function, and then they were subjected to GO analysis using clusterProfiler package. RESULTS Combined with the results of k-nearest neighbor algorithm and pseudotime trajectory analysis in tumor cells, we thought meningeal EwS originated from neural crest cells during epithelial to mesenchymal transition and simulated the process of neural crest cell lineage differentiation. But for perirenal EwS and spinal EwS, we hypothesized that after the neural crest cell lineage mutated into them, the tumor cells did not maintain the differentiation trajectory of neural crest cell lineage, and the development trajectory of tumor cells became chaotic. GO analysis results showed that interferon signaling pathway-related biological processes play an essential role in the tumorigenesis and tumor progression process of EwS, and among these biological processes genes, JAK1 gene up-regulated most significantly and highly expressed in all tumor cells. Ruxolitinib was used to explore the function of JAK1. Targeting JAK1 can promote apoptosis of EwS tumor cells, inhibit the migration and invasion of EwS tumor cells, and inhibit cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle S phase arrest. CONCLUSION EwS was derived from neural crest cell lineage with variable developmental timing of oncogenic conversion, and the JAK1 might be a candidate for therapeutic targets of EwS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - ShuYang Dai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yong Zhan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Wen-Bo Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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186
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Deng Q, Natesan R, Cidre-Aranaz F, Arif S, Liu Y, Rasool RU, Wang P, Mitchell-Velasquez E, Das CK, Vinca E, Cramer Z, Grohar PJ, Chou M, Kumar-Sinha C, Weber K, Eisinger-Mathason TK, Grillet N, Grünewald T, Asangani IA. Oncofusion-driven de novo enhancer assembly promotes malignancy in Ewing sarcoma via aberrant expression of the stereociliary protein LOXHD1. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110971. [PMID: 35705030 PMCID: PMC9716578 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a highly aggressive tumor of bone and soft tissues that mostly affects children and adolescents. The pathognomonic oncofusion EWSR1::FLI1 transcription factor drives EwS by orchestrating an oncogenic transcription program through de novo enhancers. By integrative analysis of thousands of transcriptomes representing pan-cancer cell lines, primary cancers, metastasis, and normal tissues, we identify a 32-gene signature (ESS32 [Ewing Sarcoma Specific 32]) that stratifies EwS from pan-cancer. Among the ESS32, LOXHD1, encoding a stereociliary protein, is the most highly expressed gene through an alternative transcription start site. Deletion or silencing of EWSR1::FLI1 bound upstream de novo enhancer results in loss of the LOXHD1 short isoform, altering EWSR1::FLI1 and HIF1α pathway genes and resulting in decreased proliferation/invasion of EwS cells. These observations implicate LOXHD1 as a biomarker and a determinant of EwS metastasis and suggest new avenues for developing LOXHD1-targeted drugs or cellular therapies for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Ramakrishnan Natesan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,These authors contributed equally
| | - Florencia Cidre-Aranaz
- Max-Eder Research Group of Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shehbeel Arif
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reyaz ur Rasool
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erick Mitchell-Velasquez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chandan Kanta Das
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Endrit Vinca
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zvi Cramer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Margaret Chou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chandan Kumar-Sinha
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristy Weber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T.S. Karin Eisinger-Mathason
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas Grillet
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group of Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany,Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany,Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irfan A. Asangani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, BRBII/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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187
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Hassan M, Yasir M, Shahzadi S, Kloczkowski A. Exploration of Potential Ewing Sarcoma Drugs from FDA-Approved Pharmaceuticals through Computational Drug Repositioning, Pharmacogenomics, Molecular Docking, and MD Simulation Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19243-19260. [PMID: 35721972 PMCID: PMC9202290 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Novel drug development is a time-consuming process with relatively high debilitating costs. To overcome this problem, computational drug repositioning approaches are being used to predict the possible therapeutic scaffolds against different diseases. In the current study, computational drug repositioning approaches were employed to fetch the promising drugs from the pool of FDA-approved drugs against Ewing sarcoma. The binding interaction patterns and conformational behaviors of screened drugs within the active region of Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) were confirmed through molecular docking profiles. Furthermore, pharmacogenomics analysis was employed to check the possible associations of selected drugs with Ewing sarcoma genes. Moreover, the stability behavior of selected docked complexes (drugs-EWS) was checked by molecular dynamics simulations. Taken together, astemizole, sulfinpyrazone, and pranlukast exhibited a result comparable to pazopanib and can be used as a possible therapeutic agent in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hassan
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- The
Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States
- ,
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Saba Shahzadi
- Institute
of Molecular Sciences and Bioinformatics (IMSB), Nisbet Road, Lahore 52254, Pakistan
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The
Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States
- Department
of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States
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188
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Lak NSM, van der Kooi EJ, Enciso-Martinez A, Lozano-Andrés E, Otto C, Wauben MHM, Tytgat GAM. Extracellular Vesicles: A New Source of Biomarkers in Pediatric Solid Tumors? A Systematic Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:887210. [PMID: 35686092 PMCID: PMC9173703 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.887210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtually every cell in the body releases extracellular vesicles (EVs), the contents of which can provide a "fingerprint" of their cellular origin. EVs are present in all bodily fluids and can be obtained using minimally invasive techniques. Thus, EVs can provide a promising source of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers, particularly in the context of cancer. Despite advances using EVs as biomarkers in adult cancers, little is known regarding their use in pediatric cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of published clinical and in vitro studies in order to assess the potential of using EV-derived biomarkers in pediatric solid tumors. We performed a systematic literature search, which yielded studies regarding desmoplastic small round cell tumor, hepatoblastoma, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. We then determined the extent to which the in vivo findings are supported by in vitro data, and vice versa. We also critically evaluated the clinical studies using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) system, and we evaluated the purification and characterization of EVs in both the in vivo and in vitro studies in accordance with MISEV guidelines, yielding EV-TRACK and PedEV scores. We found that several studies identified similar miRNAs in overlapping and distinct tumor entities, indicating the potential for EV-derived biomarkers. However, most studies regarding EV-based biomarkers in pediatric solid tumors lack a standardized system of reporting their EV purification and characterization methods, as well as validation in an independent cohort, which are needed in order to bring EV-based biomarkers to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie S M Lak
- Research Department, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elvera J van der Kooi
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Estefanía Lozano-Andrés
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cees Otto
- Medical Cell Biophysics Group, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Godelieve A M Tytgat
- Research Department, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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189
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Jiang R, Hu J, Zhou H, Wei H, He S, Xiao J. A Novel Defined Hypoxia-Related Gene Signature for Prognostic Prediction of Patients With Ewing Sarcoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:908113. [PMID: 35719404 PMCID: PMC9201760 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.908113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic strategy of Ewing sarcoma (EWS) remains largely unchanged over the past few decades. Hypoxia is reported to have an impact on tumor cell progression and is regarded as a novel potential therapeutic target in tumor treatment. This study aimed at developing a prognostic gene signature based on hypoxia-related genes (HRGs). EWS patients from GSE17674 in the GEO database were analyzed as a training cohort, and differently expressed HRGs between tumor and normal samples were identified. The univariate Cox regression, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used in this study. A total of 57 EWS patients from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database were set as the validation cohort. A total of 506 differently expressed HRGs between tumor and normal tissues were identified, among which 52 were associated with the prognoses of EWS patients. Based on 52 HRGs, EWS patients were divided into two molecular subgroups with different survival statuses. In addition, a prognostic signature based on 4 HRGs (WSB1, RXYLT1, GLCE and RORA) was constructed, dividing EWS patients into low- and high-risk groups. The 2-, 3- and 5-years area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of this signature was 0.913, 0.97 and 0.985, respectively. It was found that the survival rates of patients in the high-risk group were significantly lower than those in the low-risk group (p < 0.001). The risk level based on the risk score could serve as an independent clinical factor for predicting the survival probabilities of EWS patients. Additionally, antigen-presenting cell (APC) related pathways and T cell co-inhibition were differently activated in two risk groups, which may result in different prognoses. CTLA4 may be an effective immune checkpoint inhibitor to treat EWS patients. All results were verified in the validation cohort. This study constructed 4-HRGs as a novel prognostic marker for predicting survival in EWS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runyi Jiang
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, No.905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, No.905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Hongfei Zhou
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, No.905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- The Third Convalescent Department, Hangzhou Sanatorium, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, No.905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianru Xiao, ; Shaohui He, ; Haifeng Wei,
| | - Shaohui He
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, No.905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianru Xiao, ; Shaohui He, ; Haifeng Wei,
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Spinal Tumor Center, Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, No.905 Hospital of PLA Navy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianru Xiao, ; Shaohui He, ; Haifeng Wei,
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190
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Germline predisposition to pediatric Ewing sarcoma is characterized by inherited pathogenic variants in DNA damage repair genes. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1026-1037. [PMID: 35512711 PMCID: PMC9247831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
More knowledge is needed regarding germline predisposition to Ewing sarcoma to inform biological investigation and clinical practice. Here, we evaluated the enrichment of pathogenic germline variants in Ewing sarcoma relative to other pediatric sarcoma subtypes, as well as patterns of inheritance of these variants. We carried out European-focused and pan-ancestry case-control analyses to screen for enrichment of pathogenic germline variants in 141 established cancer predisposition genes in 1,147 individuals with pediatric sarcoma diagnoses (226 Ewing sarcoma, 438 osteosarcoma, 180 rhabdomyosarcoma, and 303 other sarcoma) relative to identically processed cancer-free control individuals. Findings in Ewing sarcoma were validated with an additional cohort of 430 individuals, and a subset of 301 Ewing sarcoma parent-proband trios was analyzed for inheritance patterns of identified pathogenic variants. A distinct pattern of pathogenic germline variants was seen in Ewing sarcoma relative to other sarcoma subtypes. FANCC was the only gene with an enrichment signal for heterozygous pathogenic variants in the European Ewing sarcoma discovery cohort (three individuals, OR 12.6, 95% CI 3.0–43.2, p = 0.003, FDR = 0.40). This enrichment in FANCC heterozygous pathogenic variants was again observed in the European Ewing sarcoma validation cohort (three individuals, OR 7.0, 95% CI 1.7–23.6, p = 0.014), representing a broader importance of genes involved in DNA damage repair, which were also nominally enriched in individuals with Ewing sarcoma. Pathogenic variants in DNA damage repair genes were acquired through autosomal inheritance. Our study provides new insight into germline risk factors contributing to Ewing sarcoma pathogenesis.
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191
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Hamilton G. Comparative characteristics of small cell lung cancer and Ewing's sarcoma: a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022; 11:1185-1198. [PMID: 35832443 PMCID: PMC9271444 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-22-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and Ewing's sarcoma (ES) at the disseminated stage are not amenable to therapy and have a dismal prognosis with low survival rates. Despite representing different tumor entities, treatment for both malignancies relies on cytotoxic chemotherapy that has not considerably changed for the past decades. The genomic background has been extensively studied and found to comprise inactivation of p53 and RB1 in case of SCLC and EWSR1/FLI1 rearrangement in case of ES resulting in aggressive tumors in adults with heavy tobacco consumption and as bone tumor in juveniles, respectively. New therapeutic modalities are urgently needed to improve the outcomes of both tumor entities, especially in patients with metastatic disease or recurrences. This review summarizes the common cell biologic and clinical characteristics of difficult-to-treat SCLC and ES and discusses their refractoriness and options to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Methods PubMed and Euro PMC were searched from January 1st, 2012 to January 16th, 2022 using the following key words: "SCLC", "Ewing´s sarcoma", "Genomics" and "Chemoresistance" as well as own work. Key Content and Findings Therapy of SCLC and ES involves the use of undirected cytotoxic drugs in multimodal chemotherapy and administration of topotecan for 2nd line SCLC regimens. Despite highly aggressive chemotherapies, outcomes are dismal for patients with disseminated tumors. A host of unrelated drugs and targeted therapeutics have failed to result in progress for the patients and the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance are still not clear. Identification of chemoresistance-reversing modulators in vitro and patient-derived xenografts of SCLC and ES has not translated into new therapies. Conclusions The global chemoresistance of SCLC and ES may be explained by physiological resistance at the tumor level and formation of larger spheroids that contain quiescent and hypoxic tumor cells in regions that occlude therapeutics. This type of chemoresistance is difficult to overcome and prevent the accumulation of effective drug concentration at the tumor cell level to a significant degree leaving therapeutic interventions of any kind ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Hamilton
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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192
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Jiang X, Chen Z, Zhu J, Han J, You G, Li Y, Liu T, Ye H. E2F1 promotes Warburg effect and cancer progression via upregulating ENO2 expression in Ewing sarcoma. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:237. [PMID: 35621141 PMCID: PMC9185680 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered glucose metabolism is an important characteristic of cancer cells, which is referred to as Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis. Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is a highly malignant tumor that occurs in children and adolescents. However, the functions of aerobic glycolysis in EWS remain to be elucidated. The present study identified a transcription factor, E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), as a new regulator of cancer the aerobic glycolysis and progression in EWS. The present study showed that E2F1 modulated aerobic glycolysis in EWS cells by effecting glucose uptake, lactate production and ATP generation. Altered E2F1 expression increased or decreased cell viability and invasion in EWS. Mechanistically, the results demonstrated that E2F1 may promote the Warburg effect and cancer progression in EWS via upregulating enolase 2 expression. Generally, these findings indicated that E2F1 involvement in the progression of EWS and could serve as a clinical therapeutic target in EWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hanyang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Junping Zhu
- Medical Examination Center, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hanyang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Gaoliang You
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hanyang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hanyang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
| | - Tiancheng Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Heng Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Hanyang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, P.R. China
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193
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Li W, Xu C, Hu Z, Dong S, Wang H, Liu Q, Tang ZR, Li W, Wang B, Lei Z, Yin C. A Visualized Dynamic Prediction Model for Lymphatic Metastasis in Ewing's Sarcoma for Smart Medical Services. Front Public Health 2022; 10:877736. [PMID: 35602163 PMCID: PMC9114797 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.877736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to predict the lymphatic metastasis in Ewing's sarcoma (ES) patients by nomogram. The risk of lymphatic metastasis in patients with ES was predicted by the built model, which provided guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. Methods A total of 929 patients diagnosed with ES were enrolled from the year of 2010 to 2016 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The nomogram was established to determine predictive factors of lymphatic metastasis according to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The validation of the model performed using multicenter data (n = 51). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and calibration plots were used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the nomogram. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was implemented to illustrate the practicability of the nomogram clinical application. Based on the nomogram, we established a web calculator to visualize the risk of lymphatic metastases. We further plotted Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS) curves to compare the survival time of patients with and without lymphatic metastasis. Results In this study, the nomogram was established based on six significant factors (survival time, race, T stage, M stage, surgery, and lung metastasis), which were identified for lymphatic metastasis in ES patients. The model showed significant diagnostic accuracy with the value of the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.743 (95%CI: 0.714–0.771) for SEER internal validation and 0.763 (95%CI: 0.623–0.871) for multicenter data external validation. The calibration plot and DCA indicated that the model had vital clinical application value. Conclusion In this study, we constructed and developed a nomogram with risk factors to predict lymphatic metastasis in ES patients and validated accuracy of itself. We found T stage (Tx OR = 2.540, 95%CI = 1.433–4.503, P < 0.01), M stage (M1, OR = 2.061, 95%CI = 1.189–3.573, P < 0.05) and survival time (OR = 0.982, 95%CI = 0.972–0.992, P < 0.001) were important independent factors for lymphatic metastasis in ES patients. Furthermore, survival time in patients with lymphatic metastasis or unclear situation (P < 0.0001) was significantly lower. It can help clinicians make better decisions to provide more accurate prognosis and treatment for ES patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenle Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Chan Xu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhaohui Hu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Shengtao Dong
- Department of Spine Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haosheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhi-Ri Tang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanying Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhi Lei
- Chronic Disease Division, Luzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Luzhou, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chengliang Yin
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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194
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Management of Unresectable Localized Pelvic Bone Sarcomas: Current Practice and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102546. [PMID: 35626150 PMCID: PMC9139258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Some locally advanced pelvic bone tumors are deemed unresectable and, as such, not suitable for curative surgery. In this setting, treatment options are generally limited and not unanimous, with decisions being made on an individual basis after multidisciplinary discussion. Ultimately, and notwithstanding the bright prospects raised by novel therapeutic approaches, treatment should be patient-tailored, weighing a panoply of patient- and tumor-related factors. Abstract Bone sarcomas (BS) are rare mesenchymal tumors usually located in the extremities and pelvis. While surgical resection is the cornerstone of curative treatment, some locally advanced tumors are deemed unresectable and hence not suitable for curative intent. This is often true for pelvic sarcoma due to anatomic complexity and proximity to vital structures, making treatment options for these tumors generally limited and not unanimous, with decisions being made on an individual basis after multidisciplinary discussion. Several studies have been published in recent years focusing on innovative treatment options for patients with locally advanced sarcoma not amenable to local surgery. The present article reviews the evidence regarding the treatment of patients with locally advanced and unresectable pelvic BS, with the goal of providing an overview of treatment options for the main BS histologic subtypes involving this anatomic area and exploring future therapeutic perspectives. The management of unresectable localized pelvic BS represents a major challenge and is hampered by the lack of comprehensive and standardized guidelines. As such, the optimal treatment needs to be individually tailored, weighing a panoply of patient- and tumor-related factors. Despite the bright prospects raised by novel therapeutic approaches, the role of each treatment option in the therapeutic armamentarium of these patients requires solid clinical evidence before becoming fully established.
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195
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Vibert J, Watson S. The Molecular Biology of Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102548. [PMID: 35626152 PMCID: PMC9139698 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the past 20 years, significant advances in the field of genetics and molecular biology have led to the dismantlement of multiple subtypes of sarcomas. As a result, molecular approaches nowadays play a critical role in the diagnosis, prognostic classification, and therapeutic management of numerous mesenchymal tumor subtypes. This review of the current literature illustrates the main uses of molecular biology in the field of soft tissue sarcomas and the future challenges that remain to be addressed. Abstract Soft tissue sarcomas are malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin, encompassing a large spectrum of entities that were historically classified according to their histological characteristics. Over the last decades, molecular biology has allowed a better characterization of these tumors, leading to the incorporation of multiple molecular features in the latest classification of sarcomas as well as to molecularly-guided therapeutic strategies. This review discusses the main uses of molecular biology in current practice for the diagnosis and treatment of soft tissue sarcomas, in addition to perspectives for this rapidly evolving field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vibert
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Institut Curie Research Center, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Sarah Watson
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Institut Curie Research Center, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie Hospital, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-172-389-434; Fax: +33-153-104-041
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196
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Zheng Y, Lu J, Shuai Z, Wu Z, Qian Y. A novel nomogram and risk classification system predicting the Ewing sarcoma: a population-based study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8154. [PMID: 35581219 PMCID: PMC9113999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare disease that lacks a prognostic prediction model. This study aims to develop a nomogram and risk classification system for estimating the probability of overall survival (OS) of patients with ES. The clinicopathological data of ES were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and Final Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2018. The primary cohort was randomly assigned to the training set and the validation set. Univariate and multiple Cox proportional hazard analyses based on the training set were performed to identify independent prognostic factors. A nomogram was established to generate individualized predictions of 3- and 5-year OS and evaluated by the concordance index (C-index), the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the calibration curve, the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and the net reclassification improvement (NRI). Based on the scores calculated with the nomogram, ES patients were divided into three risk groups to predict their survival. A total of 935 patients were identified, and a nomogram consisting of 6 variables was established. The model provided better C-indices of OS (0.788). The validity of the Cox model assumptions was evaluated through the Schönfeld test and deviance residual. The ROC, calibration curve, IDI and NRI indicated that the nomogram exhibited good performance. A risk classification system was built to classify the risk group of ES patients. The nomogram compares favourably and accurately to the traditional SEER tumour staging systems, and risk stratification provides a more convenient and effective tool for clinicians to optimize treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshun Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Jinsen Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Ziqiang Shuai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Zuomeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Yeben Qian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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197
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Phase-Separated Subcellular Compartmentation and Related Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105491. [PMID: 35628304 PMCID: PMC9141834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In live cells, proteins and nucleic acids can associate together through multivalent interactions, and form relatively isolated phases that undertake designated biological functions and activities. In the past decade, liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) has gradually been recognized as a general mechanism for the intracellular organization of biomolecules. LLPS regulates the assembly and composition of dozens of membraneless organelles and condensates in cells. Due to the altered physiological conditions or genetic mutations, phase-separated condensates may undergo aberrant formation, maturation or gelation that contributes to the onset and progression of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. In this review, we summarize the properties of different membraneless organelles and condensates, and discuss multiple phase separation-regulated biological processes. Based on the dysregulation and mutations of several key regulatory proteins and signaling pathways, we also exemplify how aberrantly regulated LLPS may contribute to human diseases.
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198
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Identification of a novel translocation producing an in-frame fusion of TAF15 and ETV4 in a case of extraosseous Ewing sarcoma revealed in the prenatal period. Virchows Arch 2022; 481:665-669. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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199
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Buchou C, Laud-Duval K, van der Ent W, Grossetête S, Zaidi S, Gentric G, Corbé M, Müller K, Del Nery E, Surdez D, Delattre O. Upregulation of the Mevalonate Pathway through EWSR1-FLI1/EGR2 Regulatory Axis Confers Ewing Cells Exquisite Sensitivity to Statins. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092327. [PMID: 35565457 PMCID: PMC9100622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The objective of this project was to search for new dependencies in Ewing sarcoma, a deadly disease for which new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. A pharmacological screening of off-patent approved drugs (FDA agency) and the investigation of downstream targets of EGR2 were performed. The two approaches showed the MVA pathway as a major dependency in Ewing sarcoma and statin, an inhibitor of this pathway, as a potential new therapeutic agent for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma. Abstract Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is an aggressive primary bone cancer in children and young adults characterized by oncogenic fusions between genes encoding FET-RNA-binding proteins and ETS transcription factors, the most frequent fusion being EWSR1-FLI1. We show that EGR2, an Ewing-susceptibility gene and an essential direct target of EWSR1-FLI1, directly regulates the transcription of genes encoding key enzymes of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. Consequently, Ewing sarcoma is one of the tumors that expresses the highest levels of mevalonate pathway genes. Moreover, genome-wide screens indicate that MVA pathway genes constitute major dependencies of Ewing cells. Accordingly, the statin inhibitors of HMG-CoA-reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme of the MVA pathway, demonstrate cytotoxicity in EwS. Statins induce increased ROS and lipid peroxidation levels, as well as decreased membrane localization of prenylated proteins, such as small GTP proteins. These metabolic effects lead to an alteration in the dynamics of S-phase progression and to apoptosis. Statin-induced effects can be rescued by downstream products of the MVA pathway. Finally, we further show that statins impair tumor growth in different Ewing PDX models. Altogether, the data show that statins, which are off-patent, well-tolerated, and inexpensive compounds, should be strongly considered in the therapeutic arsenal against this deadly childhood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Buchou
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Karine Laud-Duval
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Wietske van der Ent
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Sandrine Grossetête
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Sakina Zaidi
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
| | - Géraldine Gentric
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Stress and Cancer Laboratory, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Maxime Corbé
- Department of Translational Research, The Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (M.C.); (K.M.); (E.D.N.)
| | - Kévin Müller
- Department of Translational Research, The Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (M.C.); (K.M.); (E.D.N.)
| | - Elaine Del Nery
- Department of Translational Research, The Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, PSL Research University, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (M.C.); (K.M.); (E.D.N.)
| | - Didier Surdez
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
- Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Delattre
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée LNCC, Diversity & Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Laboratory, PSL Research University, SIREDO Oncology Center, Institut Curie Research Center, 26 rue d’ULM, 75005 Paris, France; (C.B.); (K.L.-D.); (W.v.d.E.); (S.G.); (S.Z.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Identification of Common Oncogenic Genes and Pathways Both in Osteosarcoma and Ewing’s Sarcoma Using Bioinformatics Analysis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3655908. [PMID: 35578666 PMCID: PMC9107040 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3655908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at exploring common oncogenic genes and pathways both in osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Microarray data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma package. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed and hub genes were identified. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis was analyzed. The expression of common oncogenic genes was validated in 38 osteosarcoma and 17 Ewing's sarcoma tissues by RT-qPCR and western blot compared to normal tissues. 201 genes were differentially expressed. There were 121 nodes and 232 edges of the PPI network. Among 12 hub genes, hub genes FN1, COL1A1, and COL1A2 may involve in the development of osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. And they were reduced to expression both in osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma tissues at mRNA and protein levels compared to normal tissues. Knockdown of FN1, COL1A1, and COL1A2 enhanced the cell proliferation and migration of U2OS under the restriction of cisplatin. Our findings revealed the common oncogenic genes such as FN1, COL1A1, and COL1A2, which may act as antioncogene by enhancing cisplatin sensitivity in osteosarcoma cells, and pathways were both in osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma.
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