151
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Teixeira LK, Carrossini N, Sécca C, Kroll JE, DaCunha DC, Faget DV, Carvalho LDS, de Souza SJ, Viola JPB. NFAT1 transcription factor regulates cell cycle progression and cyclin E expression in B lymphocytes. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2346-59. [PMID: 27399331 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1203485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The NFAT family of transcription factors has been primarily related to T cell development, activation, and differentiation. Further studies have shown that these ubiquitous proteins are observed in many cell types inside and outside the immune system, and are involved in several biological processes, including tumor growth, angiogenesis, and invasiveness. However, the specific role of the NFAT1 family member in naive B cell proliferation remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that NFAT1 transcription factor controls Cyclin E expression, cell proliferation, and tumor growth in vivo. Specifically, we show that inducible expression of NFAT1 inhibits cell cycle progression, reduces colony formation, and controls tumor growth in nude mice. We also demonstrate that NFAT1-deficient naive B lymphocytes show a hyperproliferative phenotype and high levels of Cyclin E1 and E2 upon BCR stimulation when compared to wild-type B lymphocytes. NFAT1 transcription factor directly regulates Cyclin E expression in B cells, inhibiting the G1/S cell cycle phase transition. Bioinformatics analysis indicates that low levels of NFAT1 correlate with high expression of Cyclin E1 in different human cancers, including Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas (DLBCL). Together, our results demonstrate a repressor role for NFAT1 in cell cycle progression and Cyclin E expression in B lymphocytes, and suggest a potential function for NFAT1 protein in B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo K Teixeira
- a Program of Cellular Biology , Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Nina Carrossini
- a Program of Cellular Biology , Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Cristiane Sécca
- a Program of Cellular Biology , Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - José E Kroll
- b Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) , Natal , Brazil
| | - Déborah C DaCunha
- a Program of Cellular Biology , Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Douglas V Faget
- a Program of Cellular Biology , Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Lilian D S Carvalho
- a Program of Cellular Biology , Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Sandro J de Souza
- b Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) , Natal , Brazil
| | - João P B Viola
- a Program of Cellular Biology , Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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152
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miRNA-30a functions as a tumor suppressor by downregulating cyclin E2 expression in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2077-84. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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153
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Richards KF, Guastafierro A, Shuda M, Toptan T, Moore PS, Chang Y. Merkel cell polyomavirus T antigens promote cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine gene expression. J Gen Virol 2016; 96:3532-3544. [PMID: 26385761 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) is clonally integrated in over 80 % of Merkel cell carcinomas and mediates tumour development through the expression of viral oncoproteins, the large T (LT) and small T antigens (sT). Viral integration is associated with signature mutations in the T-antigen locus that result in deletions of C-terminal replicative functions of the LT antigen. Despite these truncations, the LT LXCXE retinoblastoma (Rb) pocket protein family binding domain is retained, and the entire sT isoform is maintained intact. To investigate the ability of MCV oncoproteins to regulate host gene expression, we performed microarray analysis on cells stably expressing tumour-derived LT, tumour-derived LT along with sT, and tumour-derived LT with a mutated Rb interaction domain. Gene expression alterations in the presence of tumour-derived LT could be classified into three main groups: genes that are involved in the cell cycle (specifically the G1/S transition), genes involved in DNA replication and genes involved in cellular movement. The LXCXE mutant LT largely reversed gene expression alterations detected with the WT tumour-derived LT, while co-expression of sT did not significantly affect these patterns of gene expression. LXCXE-dependent upregulation of cyclin E and CDK2 correlated with increased proliferation in tumour-derived LT-expressing cells. Tumour-derived LT and tumour-derived LT plus sT increased expression of multiple cytokines and chemokines, which resulted in elevated levels of secreted IL-8. We concluded that, in human fibroblasts, the LXCXE motif of tumour-derived LT enhances cellular proliferation and upregulates cell cycle and immune signalling gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Guastafierro
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Masahiro Shuda
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tuna Toptan
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick S Moore
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Chang
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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154
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DNA replication and cancer: From dysfunctional replication origin activities to therapeutic opportunities. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 37-38:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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155
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Lamm N, Maoz K, Bester AC, Im MM, Shewach DS, Karni R, Kerem B. Folate levels modulate oncogene-induced replication stress and tumorigenicity. EMBO Mol Med 2016. [PMID: 26197802 PMCID: PMC4568948 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability in early cancer stages is caused by replication stress. One mechanism by which oncogene expression induces replication stress is to drive cell proliferation with insufficient nucleotide levels. Cancer development is driven by alterations in both genetic and environmental factors. Here, we investigated whether replication stress can be modulated by both genetic and non-genetic factors and whether the extent of replication stress affects the probability of neoplastic transformation. To do so, we studied the effect of folate, a micronutrient that is essential for nucleotide biosynthesis, on oncogene-induced tumorigenicity. We show that folate deficiency by itself leads to replication stress in a concentration-dependent manner. Folate deficiency significantly enhances oncogene-induced replication stress, leading to increased DNA damage and tumorigenicity in vitro. Importantly, oncogene-expressing cells, when grown under folate deficiency, exhibit a significantly increased frequency of tumor development in mice. These findings suggest that replication stress is a quantitative trait affected by both genetic and non-genetic factors and that the extent of replication stress plays an important role in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Lamm
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences Edmond J. Safra Campus The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karin Maoz
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences Edmond J. Safra Campus The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Assaf C Bester
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences Edmond J. Safra Campus The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael M Im
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donna S Shewach
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rotem Karni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Batsheva Kerem
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences Edmond J. Safra Campus The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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156
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Choudhary GS, Tat TT, Misra S, Hill BT, Smith MR, Almasan A, Mazumder S. Cyclin E/Cdk2-dependent phosphorylation of Mcl-1 determines its stability and cellular sensitivity to BH3 mimetics. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26219338 PMCID: PMC4627281 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin E/Cdk2 kinase activity is frequently deregulated in human cancers, resulting in impaired apoptosis. Here, we show that cyclin E/Cdk2 phosphorylates and stabilizes the pro-survival Bcl-2 family protein Mcl-1, a key cell death resistance determinant to the small molecule Bcl-2 family inhibitors ABT-199 and ABT-737, mimetics of the Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3). Cyclin E levels were elevated and there was increased association of cyclin E/Cdk2 with Mcl-1 in ABT-737-resistant compared to parental cells. Cyclin E depletion in various human tumor cell-lines and cyclin E-/- mouse embryo fibroblasts showed decreased levels of Mcl-1 protein, with no change in Mcl-1 mRNA levels. In the absence of cyclin E, Mcl-1 ubiquitination was enhanced, leading to decreased protein stability. Studies with Mcl-1 phosphorylation mutants show that cyclin E/Cdk2-dependent phosphorylation of Mcl-1 residues on its PEST domain resulted in increased Mcl-1 stability (Thr92, and Thr163) and Bim binding (Ser64). Cyclin E knock-down restored ABT-737 sensitivity to acquired and inherently resistant Mcl-1-dependent tumor cells. CDK inhibition by dinaciclib resulted in Bim release from Mcl-1 in ABT-737-resistant cells. Dinaciclib in combination with ABT-737 and ABT-199 resulted in robust synergistic cell death in leukemic cells and primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient samples. Collectively, our findings identify a novel mechanism of cyclin E-mediated Mcl-1 regulation that provides a rationale for clinical use of Bcl-2 family and Cdk inhibitors for Mcl-1-dependent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav S Choudhary
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Trinh T Tat
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Saurav Misra
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian T Hill
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mitchell R Smith
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexandru Almasan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suparna Mazumder
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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157
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Karakas C, Biernacka A, Bui T, Sahin AA, Yi M, Akli S, Schafer J, Alexander A, Adjapong O, Hunt KK, Keyomarsi K. Cytoplasmic Cyclin E and Phospho-Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Are Biomarkers of Aggressive Breast Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1900-1912. [PMID: 27182644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin E and its co-activator, phospho-cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (p-CDK2), regulate G1 to S phase transition and their deregulation induces oncogenesis. Immunohistochemical assessments of these proteins in cancer have been reported but were based only on their nuclear expression. However, the oncogenic forms of cyclin E (low molecular weight cyclin E or LMW-E) in complex with CDK2 are preferentially mislocalized to the cytoplasm. Here, we used separate nuclear and cytoplasmic scoring systems for both cyclin E and p-CDK2 expression to demonstrate altered cellular accumulation of these proteins using immunohistochemical analysis. We examined the specificity of different cyclin E antibodies and evaluated their concordance between immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses in a panel of 14 breast cell lines. Nuclear versus cytoplasmic staining of cyclin E readily differentiated full-length from LMW-E, respectively. We also evaluated the expression of cyclin E and p-CDK2 in 1676 breast carcinoma patients by immunohistochemistry. Cytoplasmic cyclin E correlated strongly with cytoplasmic p-CDK2 (P < 0.0001), high tumor grade, negative estrogen/progesterone receptor status, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity (all P < 0.0001). In multivariable analysis, cytoplasmic cyclin E plus phosphorylated CDK2 (as one variable) predicted breast cancer recurrence-free and overall survival. These results suggest that cytoplasmic cyclin E and p-CDK2 can be readily detected with immunohistochemistry and used as clinical biomarkers for aggressive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Karakas
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Anna Biernacka
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tuyen Bui
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aysegul A Sahin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Said Akli
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jolie Schafer
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Angela Alexander
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Opoku Adjapong
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kelly K Hunt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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158
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Sun Y, Wu X, Cai X, Song M, Zheng J, Pan C, Qiu P, Zhang L, Zhou S, Tang Z, Xiao H. Identification of pinostilbene as a major colonic metabolite of pterostilbene and its inhibitory effects on colon cancer cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1924-32. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- School of Pharmacy Ocean University of China Qingdao P. R. China
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
| | - Xiaokun Cai
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
| | - Mingyue Song
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
- Institute of Agro‐Products Processing Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Che Pan
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
| | - Peiju Qiu
- School of Pharmacy Ocean University of China Qingdao P. R. China
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy Ocean University of China Qingdao P. R. China
| | - Shuangde Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Zhonghai Tang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan P. R. China
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159
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Sakurikar N, Eastman A. Critical reanalysis of the methods that discriminate the activity of CDK2 from CDK1. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1184-8. [PMID: 26986210 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1160983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinases 1 and 2 (CDK1 and CDK2) play crucial roles in regulating cell cycle progression from G1 to S, through S, and G2 to M phase. Both inhibition and aberrant activation of CDK1/2 can be detrimental to cancer cell growth. However, the tools routinely employed to discriminate between the activities of these 2 kinases do not have the selectivity commonly attributed to them. Activation of these kinases is often assayed as a decrease of the inhibitory tyrosine-15 phosphorylation, yet the antibodies used cannot discriminate between phosphorylated CDK1 and CDK2. Inhibitors of these kinases, while partially selective against purified kinases, may lack selectivity when applied to intact cells. High levels of cyclin E are often considered a marker of increased CDK2 activity, yet active CDK2 targets cyclin E for degradation, hence high levels usually reflect inactive CDK2. Finally, inhibition of CDK2 does not arrest cells in S phase suggesting CDK2 is not required for S phase progression. Furthermore, activation of CDK2 in S phase can rapidly induce DNA double-strand breaks in some cell lines. The misunderstandings associated with the use of these tools has led to misinterpretation of results. In this review, we highlight these challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Sakurikar
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Alan Eastman
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA
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160
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Inoue K, Fry EA. Novel Molecular Markers for Breast Cancer. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 8:25-42. [PMID: 26997872 PMCID: PMC4790586 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s38394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of molecular biomarkers assures that breast cancer (BC) patients receive optimal treatment. Established biomarkers, such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2, and Ki67, have been playing significant roles in the subcategorization of BC to predict the prognosis and decide the specific therapy to each patient. Antihormonal therapy using 4-hydroxytamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors have been employed in patients whose tumor cells express hormone receptors, while monoclonal antibody to HER2 has been administered to HER2-positive BCs. Although new therapeutic agents have been developed in the past few decades, many patients still die of the disease due to relapse; thus, novel molecular markers that predict therapeutic failure and those that can be targets for specific therapy are expected. We have chosen four of such molecules by reviewing recent publications, which are cyclin E, B-Myb, Twist, and DMP1β. The oncogenicity of these molecules has been demonstrated in vivo and/or in vitro through studies using transgenic mice or siRNAs, and their expressions have been shown to be associated with shortened overall or disease-free survival of BC patients. The former three molecules have been shown to accelerate epithelial-mesenchymal transition that is often associated with cancer stem cell-ness and metastasis; all these four can be novel therapeutic targets as well. Thus, large prospective studies employing immunohistochemistry will be needed to establish the predictive values of these molecules in patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Fry
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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161
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Chen YW, Chen YF, Chen YT, Chiu WT, Shen MR. The STIM1-Orai1 pathway of store-operated Ca2+ entry controls the checkpoint in cell cycle G1/S transition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22142. [PMID: 26917047 PMCID: PMC4768259 DOI: 10.1038/srep22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) signaling is important to trigger the cell cycle progression, while it remains elusive in the regulatory mechanisms. Here we show that store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), mediated by the interaction between STIM1 (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) sensor) and Orai1 (a cell membrane pore structure), controls the specific checkpoint of cell cycle. The fluctuating SOCE activity during cell cycle progression is universal in different cell types, in which SOCE is upregulated in G1/S transition and downregulated from S to G2/M transition. Pharmacological or siRNA inhibition of STIM1-Orai1 pathway of SOCE inhibits the phosphorylation of CDK2 and upregulates the expression of cyclin E, resulting in autophagy accompanied with cell cycle arrest in G1/S transition. The subsequently transient expression of STIM1 cDNA in STIM1(-/-) MEF rescues the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of CDK2, suggesting that STIM1-mediated SOCE activation directly regulates CDK2 activity. Opposite to the important role of SOCE in controlling G1/S transition, the downregulated SOCE is a passive phenomenon from S to G2/M transition. This study uncovers SOCE-mediated Ca(2+) microdomain that is the molecular basis for the Ca(2+) sensitivity controlling G1/S transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Fung Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ting Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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162
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Platinum-zoledronate complex blocks gastric cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10981-92. [PMID: 26891667 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel dinuclear platinum complexes based on the bisphosphonate ligands have been synthesized and characterized in our recent study. For the purpose of discovering the pharmacology and action mechanisms of this kind of compounds, the most potent compound [Pt(en)]2ZL was selected for systematic investigation. In the present study, the inhibition effect on the human gastric cancer cell lines SGC7901 and action mechanism of [Pt(en)]2ZL were investigated. The traditional 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and colony formation assay were carried out to study the effect of [Pt(en)]2ZL on the cell viability and proliferation capacity, respectively. The senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and immunofluorescence staining were also performed to assess the cell senescence and microtubule polymerization. Fluorescence staining and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to monitor the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis, and Western blot analysis was applied to examine the expression of several apoptosis-related proteins. The results demonstrated that [Pt(en)]2ZL exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative effects on the SGC7901 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and it also induced cell senescence and abnormal microtubule assembly. The cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced by [Pt(en)]2ZL were also observed with the fluorescence staining and FCM. The expressions of cell cycle regulators (p53, p21, cyclin D1, cyclin E, and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), and survivin) were regulated by the treatment of [Pt(en)]2ZL, resulting in the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Therefore, [Pt(en)]2ZL exerted anti-tumor effect on the gastric cancer via inducing cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase and apoptosis.
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163
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Barrios N, Campuzano S. Expanding the Iroquois genes repertoire: a non-transcriptional function in cell cycle progression. Fly (Austin) 2016; 9:126-31. [PMID: 26760760 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2016.1139654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila Iroquois (Iro) proteins are components of the TALE homeodomain family of transcriptional regulators. They play key roles in territorial specification and pattern formation. A recent study has disclosed a novel developmental function of the Iro proteins. In the eye and wing imaginal discs, they can regulate the size of the territories that they specify. They do so by cell-autonomously controlling cell cycle progression. Indeed, Iro proteins down-regulate the activity of the CyclinE/Cdk2 complex by a transcription-independent mechanism. This novel function is executed mainly through 2 evolutionarily conserved domains of the Iro proteins: the Cyclin Binding Domain and the IRO-box, which mediate their binding to CyclinE-containing protein complexes. Here we discuss the functional implications of the control of the cell cycle by Iro proteins for development and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Barrios
- a Department of Development and Differentiation ; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM) ; Madrid , Spain
| | - Sonsoles Campuzano
- a Department of Development and Differentiation ; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM) ; Madrid , Spain
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164
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E-type cyclins modulate telomere integrity in mammalian male meiosis. Chromosoma 2015; 125:253-64. [PMID: 26712234 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that E-type cyclins are key regulators of mammalian male meiosis. Depletion of cyclin E2 reduced fertility in male mice due to meiotic defects, involving abnormal pairing and synapsis, unrepaired DNA, and loss of telomere structure. These defects were exacerbated by additional loss of cyclin E1, and complete absence of both E-type cyclins produces a meiotic catastrophe. Here, we investigated the involvement of E-type cyclins in maintaining telomere integrity in male meiosis. Spermatocytes lacking cyclin E2 and one E1 allele (E1+/-E2-/-) displayed a high rate of telomere abnormalities but can progress to pachytene and diplotene stages. We show that their telomeres exhibited an aberrant DNA damage repair response during pachynema and that the shelterin complex proteins TRF2 and RAP2 were significantly decreased in the proximal telomeres. Moreover, the insufficient level of these proteins correlated with an increase of γ-H2AX foci in the affected telomeres and resulted in telomere associations involving TRF1 and telomere detachment in later prophase-I stages. These results suggest that E-type cyclins are key modulators of telomere integrity during meiosis by, at least in part, maintaining the balance of shelterin complex proteins, and uncover a novel role of E-type cyclins in regulating chromosome structure during male meiosis.
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165
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Evodiamine selectively targets cancer stem-like cells through the p53-p21-Rb pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:1153-8. [PMID: 26713361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the recent improvements, the resistance to chemotherapy/radiotherapy followed by relapse is the main hurdle for the successful treatment of breast cancer, a leading cause of death in women. A small population of breast cancer cells that have stem-like characteristics (cancer stem-like cells; CSLC) may contribute to this resistance and relapse. Here, we report on a component of a traditional Chinese medicine, evodiamine, which selectively targets CSLC of breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDAMB 231 at a concentration that does show a little or no cytotoxic effect on bulk cancer cells. While evodiamine caused the accumulation of bulk cancer cells at the G2/M phase, it did not hold CSLC in a specific cell cycle phase but instead, selectively killed CSLC. This was not due to the culture of CSLC in suspension or without FBS. A proteomic analysis and western blotting revealed that evodiamine changed the expression of cell cycle regulating molecules more efficiently in CSLC cells than in bulk cancer cells. Surprisingly, evodiamine selectively activated p53 and p21 and decreased inactive Rb, the master molecules in G1/S checkpoint. These data collectively suggest a novel mechanism involving CSLC-specific targeting by evodiamine and its possible use to the therapy of breast cancer.
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Montazeri H, Bouzari S, Azadmanesh K, Ostad SN, Ghahremani MH. Overexpression of Cyclin E and its Low Molecular Weight Isoforms Cooperate with Loss of p53 in Promoting Oncogenic Properties of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:7575-82. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.17.7575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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167
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Abstract
Senescence was classically defined as an irreversible cell cycle arrest in G1 phase (G1 exit) triggered by eroded telomeres in aged primary cells. The molecular basis of this G1 arrest is thought to be due to a DNA damage response, resulting in accumulation of the cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitors p21 and p16 that block the inactivating phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor pRb, thereby preventing DNA replication. More than a decade ago, several studies showed that p21 also mediates permanent DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest in G2 (G2 exit) by inhibiting mitotic Cdk complexes and pRb phosphorylation. The idea that the senescence program can also be launched after G2 arrest has gained support from several recent publications, including evidence for its existence in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Gire
- a Centre de Recherche en Biologie Macromoléculaire (CRBM) ; CNRS UMR5237; Montpellier , France
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168
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169
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Nakayama K, Rahman MT, Rahman M, Nakamura K, Ishikawa M, Katagiri H, Sato E, Ishibashi T, Iida K, Ishikawa N, Kyo S. CCNE1 amplification is associated with aggressive potential in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:506-16. [PMID: 26647729 PMCID: PMC4725452 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinicopathological significance of amplification was investigated of the gene encoding cyclin E (CCNE1) and we assessed whether CCNE1 was a potential target in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. CCNE1 amplification and CCNE1 or F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7) expression in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma was assessed by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. CCNE1 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to assess the CCNE1 function. The results showed that CCNE1 amplification was present in 9 (8.3%) of 108 endometrial carcinomas. CCNE1 amplification was correlated with high histological grade (Grade 3; P=0.0087) and lymphovascular space invasion (P=0.0258). No significant association was observed between CCNE1 amplification and FIGO stage (P=0.851), lymph node metastasis (P=0.078), body mass index (P=0.265), deep myometrial invasion (P=0.256), menopausal status (P=0.289) or patient age (P=0.0817). CCNE1 amplification was significantly correlated with shorter progression-free and overall survival (P=0.0081 and 0.0073, respectively). CCNE1 protein expression or loss of FBXW7 expression in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma tended to be correlated with shorter progression-free and overall survival; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Multivariate analysis showed that CCNE1 amplification was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival but not for progression-free survival (P=0.0454 and 0.2175, respectively). Profound growth inhibition was observed in siRNA-transfected cancer cells with endogenous CCNE1 overexpression compared with that in cancer cells having low CCNE1 expression. CCNE1 amplification was independent of p53, HER2, MLH1 and ARID1A expression but dependent on PTEN expression in endometrial carcinomas. These findings indicated that CCNE1 amplification was critical for the survival of endometrial endometrioid carcinomas. Furthermore, the effects of CCNE1 knockdown were dependent on the CCNE1 expression status, suggesting that CCNE1-targeted therapy may be beneficial for patients with endometrial endometrioid carcinoma having CCNE1 amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nakayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Mohammed Tanjimur Rahman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Munmun Rahman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Kohei Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Masako Ishikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katagiri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Emi Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Tomoka Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Kouji Iida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ishikawa
- Department of Organ Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
| | - Satoru Kyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan
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170
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ASPM regulates symmetric stem cell division by tuning Cyclin E ubiquitination. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8763. [PMID: 26581405 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We generate a mouse model for the human microcephaly syndrome by mutating the ASPM locus, and demonstrate a premature exhaustion of the neuronal progenitor pool due to dysfunctional self-renewal processes. Earlier studies have linked ASPM mutant progenitor excessive cell cycle exit to a mitotic orientation defect. Here, we demonstrate a mitotic orientation-independent effect of ASPM on cell cycle duration. We pinpoint the cell fate-determining factor to the length of time spent in early G1 before traversing the restriction point. Characterization of the molecular mechanism reveals an interaction between ASPM and the Cdk2/Cyclin E complex, regulating the Cyclin activity by modulating its ubiquitination, phosphorylation and localization into the nucleus, before the cell is fated to transverse the restriction point. Thus, we reveal a novel function of ASPM in mediating the tightly coordinated Ubiquitin- Cyclin E- Retinoblastoma- E2F bistable-signalling pathway controlling restriction point progression and stem cell maintenance.
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171
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Cheng PH, Wechman SL, McMasters KM, Zhou HS. Oncolytic Replication of E1b-Deleted Adenoviruses. Viruses 2015; 7:5767-79. [PMID: 26561828 PMCID: PMC4664978 DOI: 10.3390/v7112905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Various viruses have been studied and developed for oncolytic virotherapies. In virotherapy, a relatively small amount of viruses used in an intratumoral injection preferentially replicate in and lyse cancer cells, leading to the release of amplified viral particles that spread the infection to the surrounding tumor cells and reduce the tumor mass. Adenoviruses (Ads) are most commonly used for oncolytic virotherapy due to their infection efficacy, high titer production, safety, easy genetic modification, and well-studied replication characteristics. Ads with deletion of E1b55K preferentially replicate in and destroy cancer cells and have been used in multiple clinical trials. H101, one of the E1b55K-deleted Ads, has been used for the treatment of late-stage cancers as the first approved virotherapy agent. However, the mechanism of selective replication of E1b-deleted Ads in cancer cells is still not well characterized. This review will focus on three potential molecular mechanisms of oncolytic replication of E1b55K-deleted Ads. These mechanisms are based upon the functions of the viral E1B55K protein that are associated with p53 inhibition, late viral mRNA export, and cell cycle disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsin Cheng
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Stephen L Wechman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Kelly M McMasters
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Heshan Sam Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Roh SH, Kasembeli M, Bakthavatsalam D, Chiu W, Tweardy DJ. Contribution of the Type II Chaperonin, TRiC/CCT, to Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26706-20. [PMID: 26561808 PMCID: PMC4661834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The folding of newly synthesized proteins and the maintenance of pre-existing proteins are essential in sustaining a living cell. A network of molecular chaperones tightly guides the folding, intracellular localization, and proteolytic turnover of proteins. Many of the key regulators of cell growth and differentiation have been identified as clients of molecular chaperones, which implies that chaperones are potential mediators of oncogenesis. In this review, we briefly provide an overview of the role of chaperones, including HSP70 and HSP90, in cancer. We further summarize and highlight the emerging the role of chaperonin TRiC (T-complex protein-1 ring complex, also known as CCT) in the development and progression of cancer mediated through its critical interactions with oncogenic clients that modulate growth deregulation, apoptosis, and genome instability in cancer cells. Elucidation of how TRiC modulates the folding and function of oncogenic clients will provide strategies for developing novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung-Hun Roh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Moses Kasembeli
- Division of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | - Wah Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - David J Tweardy
- Division of Internal Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Brasanac D, Stojkovic-Filipovic J, Bosic M, Tomanovic N, Manojlovic-Gacic E. Expression of G1/S-cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 2015; 43:200-10. [PMID: 26349899 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic keratosis (AK) and Bowen's disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ, SCCIS) are pre-invasive stages in the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS Immunohistochemical study of cyclin D1, cyclin E, p16(INK4a) and p21(Cip1) (/Waf1) in AK (53 cases), SCCIS (16 cases) and SCC (40 cases), in relation to the type of the lesion and SCC prognostic parameters (grade, diameter and thickness). RESULTS Diffuse cyclin D1 distribution was more frequent in SCCIS and SCC than in AK (p = 0.03) and similar pattern was observed for p16(INK4a) . For cyclin E, central distribution dominated in SCC compared with the AK (p = 0.001) and SCCIS (p = 0.03). p21(Cip1) (/Waf1) displayed suprabasal distribution more frequently in AK than in SCCIS (p = 0.001) and SCC (p = 0.0004). Semiquantitative assessment showed more positive cells in AK (p = 0.04) and SCCIS (p = 0.04) than in SCC for cyclin E. SCC with diameter over 20 mm and those thicker than 6 mm revealed higher labeling index with p16(INK4a) and p21(Cip1) (/Waf1) , respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest different alterations for p16(INK4a) and p21(Cip1) (/Waf1) in AK, SCCIS and SCC. Immunostaining distribution showed closer correlation with the type of the lesion, whereas percentage of positive cells displayed better association with the SCC prognostic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrije Brasanac
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stojkovic-Filipovic
- Clinic of Dermatovenereology, Clinical Center of Serbia, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martina Bosic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Tomanovic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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174
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Cheng PH, Rao XM, Wechman SL, Li XF, McMasters KM, Zhou HS. Oncolytic adenovirus targeting cyclin E overexpression repressed tumor growth in syngeneic immunocompetent mice. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:716. [PMID: 26475304 PMCID: PMC4609153 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical trials have indicated that preclinical results obtained with human tumor xenografts in mouse models may overstate the potential of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated oncolytic therapies. We have previously demonstrated that the replication of human Ads depends on cyclin E dysregulation or overexpression in cancer cells. ED-1 cell derived from mouse lung adenocarcinomas triggered by transgenic overexpression of human cyclin E may be applied to investigate the antitumor efficacy of oncolytic Ads. Methods Ad-cycE was used to target cyclin E overexpression in ED-1 cells and repress tumor growth in a syngeneic mouse model for investigation of oncolytic virotherapies. Results Murine ED-1 cells were permissive for human Ad replication and Ad-cycE repressed ED-1 tumor growth in immunocompetent FVB mice. ED-1 cells destroyed by oncolytic Ads in tumors were encircled in capsule-like structures, while cells outside the capsules were not infected and survived the treatment. Conclusion Ad-cycE can target cyclin E overexpression in cancer cells and repress tumor growth in syngeneic mouse models. The capsule structures formed after Ad intratumoral injection may prevent viral particles from spreading to the entire tumor. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1731-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Xiao-Mei Rao
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Medical School, 505 South Hancock Street, CTR Building, Room 306, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Stephen L Wechman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA. .,Hiram C. Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Kelly M McMasters
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA. .,Hiram C. Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Heshan Sam Zhou
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Medical School, 505 South Hancock Street, CTR Building, Room 306, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,Hiram C. Polk Jr MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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175
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Parker DJ, Iyer A, Shah S, Moran A, Hjelmeland AB, Basu MK, Liu R, Mitra K. A new mitochondrial pool of cyclin E, regulated by Drp1, is linked to cell-density-dependent cell proliferation. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4171-82. [PMID: 26446260 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.172429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation and function of the crucial cell cycle regulator cyclin E (CycE) remains elusive. Unlike other cyclins, CycE can be uniquely controlled by mitochondrial energetics, the exact mechanism being unclear. Using mammalian cells (in vitro) and Drosophila (in vivo) model systems in parallel, we show that CycE can be directly regulated by mitochondria through its recruitment to the organelle. Active mitochondrial bioenergetics maintains a distinct mitochondrial pool of CycE (mtCycE) lacking a key phosphorylation required for its degradation. Loss of the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1, SwissProt O00429 in humans) augments mitochondrial respiration and elevates the mtCycE pool allowing CycE deregulation, cell cycle alterations and enrichment of stem cell markers. Such CycE deregulation after Drp1 loss attenuates cell proliferation in low-cell-density environments. However, in high-cell-density environments, elevated MEK-ERK signaling in the absence of Drp1 releases mtCycE to support escape of contact inhibition and maintain aberrant cell proliferation. Such Drp1-driven regulation of CycE recruitment to mitochondria might be a mechanism to modulate CycE degradation during normal developmental processes as well as in tumorigenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danitra J Parker
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Archana Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shikha Shah
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Aida Moran
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell Development and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Malay Kumar Basu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Runhua Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Krivega MV, Geens M, Heindryckx B, Santos-Ribeiro S, Tournaye H, Van de Velde H. Cyclin E1 plays a key role in balancing between totipotency and differentiation in human embryonic cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 21:942-56. [PMID: 26416983 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS We aimed to investigate if Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) plays a role in human embryogenesis, in particular during the early developmental stages characterized by a short cell cycle. STUDY FINDING CCNE1 is expressed in plenipotent human embryonic cells and plays a critical role during hESC derivation via the naïve state and, potentially, normal embryo development. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY A short cell cycle due to a truncated G1 phase has been associated with the high developmental capacity of embryonic cells. CCNE1 is a critical G1/S transition regulator. CCNE1 overexpression can cause shortening of the cell cycle and it is constitutively expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells and cancer cells. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS We investigated expression of CCNE1 in human preimplantation embryo development and embryonic stem cells (hESC). Functional studies included CCNE1 overexpression in hESC and CCNE1 downregulation in the outgrowths formed by plated human blastocysts. Analysis was performed by immunocytochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. Mann-Whitney statistical test was applied. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The CCNE1 protein was ubiquitously and constitutively expressed in the plenipotent cells of the embryo from the 4-cell stage up to and including the full blastocyst. During blastocyst expansion, CCNE1 was downregulated in the trophectoderm (TE) cells. CCNE1 shortly co-localized with NANOG in the inner cell mass (ICM) of expanding blastocysts, mimicking the situation in naïve hESC. In the ICM of expanded blastocysts, which corresponds with primed hESC, CCNE1 defined a subpopulation of cells different from NANOG/POU5F1-expressing pluripotent epiblast (EPI) cells and GATA4/SOX17-expressing primitive endoderm (PrE) cells. This CCNE1-positive cell population was associated with visceral endoderm based on transthyretin expression and marked the third cell lineage within the ICM, besides EPI and PrE, which had never been described before. We also investigated the role of CCNE1 by plating expanded blastocysts for hESC derivation. As a result, all the cells including TE cells re-gained CCNE1 and, consequently, NANOG expression, resembling the phenotype of naïve hESC. The inhibition of CCNE1 expression with siRNA blocked proliferation and caused degeneration of those plated cells. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study is based on a limited number of good-quality human embryos donated to research. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our study sheds light on the processes underlying the high developmental potential of early human embryonic cells. The CCNE1-positive plenipotent cell type corresponds with a phenotype that enables early human embryos to recover after fragmentation, cryodamage or (single cell) biopsy on day 3 for preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Knowledge on the expression and function of genes responsible for this flexibility will help us to better understand the undifferentiated state in stem cell biology and might enable us to improve technologies in assisted reproduction. LARGE SCALE DATA NA STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS: This research is supported by grants from the Fund for Scientific Research - Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen), the Methusalem (METH) of the VUB and Scientific Research Fond Willy Gepts of UZ Brussel. There are no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Krivega
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Geens
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Heindryckx
- Ghent Fertility and Stem Cell Team, Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Santos-Ribeiro
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine (CRG), Brussels University Hospital, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Tournaye
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium Centre for Reproductive Medicine (CRG), Brussels University Hospital, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Van de Velde
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium Centre for Reproductive Medicine (CRG), Brussels University Hospital, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Barrios N, González-Pérez E, Hernández R, Campuzano S. The Homeodomain Iroquois Proteins Control Cell Cycle Progression and Regulate the Size of Developmental Fields. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005463. [PMID: 26305360 PMCID: PMC4549242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, proper differentiation and final organ size rely on the control of territorial specification and cell proliferation. Although many regulators of these processes have been identified, how both are coordinated remains largely unknown. The homeodomain Iroquois/Irx proteins play a key, evolutionarily conserved, role in territorial specification. Here we show that in the imaginal discs, reduced function of Iroquois genes promotes cell proliferation by accelerating the G1 to S transition. Conversely, their increased expression causes cell-cycle arrest, down-regulating the activity of the Cyclin E/Cdk2 complex. We demonstrate that physical interaction of the Iroquois protein Caupolican with Cyclin E-containing protein complexes, through its IRO box and Cyclin-binding domains, underlies its activity in cell-cycle control. Thus, Drosophila Iroquois proteins are able to regulate cell-autonomously the growth of the territories they specify. Moreover, our results provide a molecular mechanism for a role of Iroquois/Irx genes as tumour suppressors. The correct development of body organs, with their characteristic size and shape, requires the coordination of cell division and cell differentiation. Here we show that the Iroquois proteins (Irx in vertebrates) slow down cell division in the Drosophila imaginal discs, in addition to their well-known role in cell fate and territorial specification. In humans, inactivating mutations at the Irx genes are associated to several types of cancer, thus allowing their classification as tumour suppressor genes. We have observed that Drosophila Iroquois genes similarly behave as tumour suppressor genes. Iroquois proteins belong to a family of homeodomain-containing transcriptional regulators. However, our results indicate that they control cell division by a transcription independent mechanism based on their physical interaction with Cyclin E containing complexes, a key player in cell-cycle progression. We have identified two evolutionary conserved domains of Iroquois proteins, different from the homeodomain, involved in that interaction. This new function of Iroquois proteins places them in a key position to coordinate growth and differentiation during normal development. Our results further suggest a molecular mechanism for their role in tumour suppression. Future studies of Irx genes should help to determine if a similar mechanism could operate to help cancer progression when Irx activity is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Barrios
- Department of Development and Differentiation, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther González-Pérez
- Department of Development and Differentiation, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Hernández
- Department of Development and Differentiation, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Campuzano
- Department of Development and Differentiation, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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Yang W, Dou C, Wang Y, Jia Y, Li C, Zheng X, Tu K. MicroRNA-92a contributes to tumor growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting FBXW7. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2576-84. [PMID: 26323375 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of microRNA-92a (miR-92a) has been reported in several human cancers and is associated with prognosis of patients. However, the clinical significance of miR-92a and the underlying mechanisms involved in hepatocarcinogenesis remain to be determined. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of miR-92a in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The results showed that the expression of miR-92a was upregulated in HCC tissues as compared with matched tumor-adjacent tissues. A high expression of miR-92a was observed in HCC cell lines as compared with a non-transformed hepatic cell line. The gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that miR-92a significantly promoted proliferation and cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase, and inhibited apoptosis of HCC cell in vitro. In tumor‑bearing nude mice, the downregulation of miR-92a suppressed tumor growth of HCC in vivo. miR-92a was inversely correlated with F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBXW7) expression in HCC tissues. Furthermore, miR-92a negatively regulated FBXW7 abundance in HCC cells. In the present study, FBXW7 was identified as a direct target of miR-92a. Notably, alterations of FBXW7 expression abrogated the effects of miR-92a on HCC cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. Clinical association analysis revealed that a high expression of miR-92a was correlated with poor prognostic characteristics of HCC. Notably, the high expression of miR-92a conferred a reduced 5-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of HCC patients. The multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that miR-92a expression was an independent prognostic marker for predicting survival of HCC patients. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that miR-92a promotes the tumor growth of HCC by targeting FBXW7 and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yuli Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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179
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Matsushita R, Seki N, Chiyomaru T, Inoguchi S, Ishihara T, Goto Y, Nishikawa R, Mataki H, Tatarano S, Itesako T, Nakagawa M, Enokida H. Tumour-suppressive microRNA-144-5p directly targets CCNE1/2 as potential prognostic markers in bladder cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:282-9. [PMID: 26057453 PMCID: PMC4506384 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of a microRNA (miRNA) expression signature of bladder cancer (BC) by deep-sequencing revealed that clustered miRNAs microRNA (miR)-451a, miR-144-3p, and miR-144-5p were significantly downregulated in BC tissues. We hypothesised that these miRNAs function as tumour suppressors in BC. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional roles of these miRNAs and their modulation of cancer networks in BC cells. METHODS The functional studies of BC cells were performed using transfection of mature miRNAs. Genome-wide gene expression analysis, in silico analysis, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were applied to identify miRNA targets. The association between miR-144-5p levels and expression of the target genes was determined, and overall patient survival as a function of target gene expression was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Gain-of-function studies showed that miR-144-5p significantly inhibited cell proliferation by BC cells. Four cell cycle-related genes (CCNE1, CCNE2, CDC25A, and PKMYT1) were identified as direct targets of miR-144-5p. The patients with high CCNE1 or CCNE2 expression had lower overall survival probabilities than those with low expression (P=0.025 and P=0.032). CONCLUSION miR-144-5p functions as tumour suppressor in BC cells. CCNE1 and CCNE2 were directly regulated by miR-144-5p and might be good prognostic markers for survival of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - N Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - T Chiyomaru
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - S Inoguchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - T Ishihara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Y Goto
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - R Nishikawa
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - H Mataki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - S Tatarano
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - T Itesako
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - M Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - H Enokida
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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180
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Nordman JT, Orr-Weaver TL. Understanding replication fork progression, stability, and chromosome fragility by exploiting the Suppressor of Underreplication protein. Bioessays 2015; 37:856-61. [PMID: 26059810 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There are many layers of regulation governing DNA replication to ensure that genetic information is accurately transmitted from mother cell to daughter cell. While much of the control occurs at the level of origin selection and firing, less is known about how replication fork progression is controlled throughout the genome. In Drosophila polytene cells, specific regions of the genome become repressed for DNA replication, resulting in underreplication and decreased copy number. Importantly, underreplicated domains share properties with common fragile sites. The Suppressor of Underreplication protein SUUR is essential for this repression. Recent work established that SUUR functions by directly inhibiting replication fork progression, raising several interesting questions as to how replication fork progression and stability can be modulated within targeted regions of the genome. Here we discuss potential mechanisms by which replication fork inhibition can be achieved and the consequences this has on genome stability and copy number control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T Nordman
- Department of Biology, Whitehead Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Terry L Orr-Weaver
- Department of Biology, Whitehead Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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181
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Ren W, Lian P, Cheng L, Du P, Guan X, Wang H, Ding L, Gao Z, Huang X, Xiao F, Wang L, Bi X, Ye Q, Wang E. FHL1 inhibits the growth of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells via G1/S cell cycle arrest. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3958-3964. [PMID: 26017856 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Four and a half LIM protein 1 (FHL1) has been characterized as a tumor suppressor in various types of tumor. However, the biological function and underlying mechanism of FHL1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remain to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that FHL1 inhibits anchorage‑dependent and ‑independent growth of TSCC cells in vitro and tumor growth in nude mice, as determined by cell proliferation and soft agar assays. Knockdown of FHL1 with FHL1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) promoted tumor growth in nude mice. Mechanistically, flow cytometric analysis showed that knockdown of FHL1 promoted G1/S cell cycle progression. Furthermore, expression of cell cycle‑associated regulators, cyclin D and cyclin E, were detected by western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cyclin D and cyclin E were markedly elevated at both the protein and mRNA level in the FHL1 siRNA‑transfected cells. These results suggested that FHL1 has a tumor suppressive role in TSCC and that FHL1 may be a useful target for TSCC gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- Department of Stomatology, Anqing Municipal Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, Anhui 246003, P.R. China
| | - Panfeng Lian
- Department of Stomatology, Anqing Municipal Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, Anhui 246003, P.R. China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Peiyun Du
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Ding
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyang Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Medical College of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Enqun Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Anqing Municipal Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, Anhui 246003, P.R. China
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182
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Teixeira LK, Wang X, Li Y, Ekholm-Reed S, Wu X, Wang P, Reed SI. Cyclin E deregulation promotes loss of specific genomic regions. Curr Biol 2015; 25:1327-33. [PMID: 25959964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cycle progression is regulated by the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) family of protein kinases, so named because their activation depends on association with regulatory subunits known as cyclins. Cyclin E normally accumulates at the G1/S boundary, where it promotes S phase entry and progression by activating Cdk2. In normal cells, cyclin E/Cdk2 activity is associated with DNA replication-related functions. However, deregulation of cyclin E leads to inefficient assembly of pre-replication complexes, replication stress, and chromosome instability. In malignant cells, cyclin E is frequently overexpressed, correlating with decreased survival in breast cancer patients. Transgenic mice deregulated for cyclin E in the mammary epithelia develop carcinoma, confirming that cyclin E is an oncoprotein. However, it remains unknown how cyclin E-mediated replication stress promotes genomic instability during carcinogenesis. Here, we show that deregulation of cyclin E causes human mammary epithelial cells to enter into mitosis with short unreplicated genomic segments at a small number of specific loci, leading to anaphase anomalies and ultimately deletions. Incompletely replicated regions are preferentially located at late-replicating domains, fragile sites, and breakpoints, including the mixed-lineage leukemia breakpoint cluster region (MLL BCR). Furthermore, these regions are characterized by a paucity of replication origins or unusual DNA structures. Analysis of a large set of breast tumors shows a significant correlation between cyclin E amplification and deletions at a number of the genomic loci identified in our study. Our results demonstrate how oncogene-induced replication stress contributes to genomic instability in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo K Teixeira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xianlong Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yongjiang Li
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Susanna Ekholm-Reed
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Steven I Reed
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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183
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Melamed RD, Wang J, Iavarone A, Rabadan R. An information theoretic method to identify combinations of genomic alterations that promote glioblastoma. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 7:203-13. [PMID: 25941339 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are the result of accumulated genomic alterations that cooperate synergistically to produce uncontrollable cell growth. Although identifying recurrent alterations among large collections of tumors provides a way to pinpoint genes that endow a selective advantage in oncogenesis and progression, it fails to address the genetic interactions behind this selection process. A non-random pattern of co-mutated genes is evidence for selective forces acting on tumor cells that harbor combinations of these genetic alterations. Although existing methods have successfully identified mutually exclusive gene sets, no current method can systematically discover more general genetic relationships. We develop Genomic Alteration Modules using Total Correlation (GAMToC), an information theoretic framework that integrates copy number and mutation data to identify gene modules with any non-random pattern of joint alteration. Additionally, we present the Seed-GAMToC procedure, which uncovers the mutational context of any putative cancer gene. The software is publicly available. Applied to glioblastoma multiforme samples, GAMToC results show distinct subsets of co-occurring mutations, suggesting distinct mutational routes to cancer and providing new insight into mutations associated with proneural, proneural/G-CIMP, and classical types of the disease. The results recapitulate known relationships such as mutual exclusive mutations, place these alterations in the context of other mutations, and find more complex relationships such as conditional mutual exclusivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Melamed
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiguang Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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184
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Oxidative stress triggered by naturally occurring flavone apigenin results in senescence and chemotherapeutic effect in human colorectal cancer cells. Redox Biol 2015; 5:153-162. [PMID: 25965143 PMCID: PMC4427707 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies involving phytochemical polyphenolic compounds have suggested flavones often exert pro-oxidative effect in vitro against wide array of cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro pro-oxidative activity of apigenin, a plant based flavone against colorectal cancer cell lines and investigate cumulative effect on long term exposure. In the present study, treatment of colorectal cell lines HT-29 and HCT-15 with apigenin resulted in anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects characterized by biochemical and morphological changes, including loss of mitochondrial membrane potential which aided in reversing the impaired apoptotic machinery leading to negative implications in cancer pathogenesis. Apigenin induces rapid free radical species production and the level of oxidative damage was assessed by qualitative and quantitative estimation of biochemical markers of oxidative stress. Increased level of mitochondrial superoxide suggested dose dependent mitochondrial oxidative damage which was generated by disruption in anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic protein balance. Continuous and persistent oxidative stress induced by apigenin at growth suppressive doses over extended treatment time period was observed to induce senescence which is a natural cellular mechanism to attenuate tumor formation. Senescence phenotype inducted by apigenin was attributed to changes in key molecules involved in p16-Rb and p53 independent p21 signaling pathways. Phosphorylation of retinoblastoma was inhibited and significant up-regulation of p21 led to simultaneous suppression of cyclins D1 and E which indicated the onset of senescence. Pro-oxidative stress induced premature senescence mediated by apigenin makes this treatment regimen a potential chemopreventive strategy and an in vitro model for aging research. Effect of apigenin on human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT-15 and HT-29 investigated. Pro-oxidative stress attributed to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation. Acute exposure to apigenin mediated apoptosis while chronic exposure caused senescence. Chronic exposure affected key proteins in p16-Rb and p53 independent p21 signaling pathways. Apigenin treatment as potential chemopreventive strategy and model for aging research.
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185
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Brandt YI, Mitchell T, Smolyakov GA, Osiński M, Hartley RS. Quantum dot assisted tracking of the intracellular protein Cyclin E in Xenopus laevis embryos. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:31. [PMID: 25925383 PMCID: PMC4424550 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots (QD), possess highly desirable optical properties that account for development of a variety of exciting biomedical techniques. These properties include long-term stability, brightness, narrow emission spectra, size tunable properties and resistance to photobleaching. QD have many promising applications in biology and the list is constantly growing. These applications include DNA or protein tagging for in vitro assays, deep-tissue imaging, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and studying dynamics of cell surface receptors, among others. Here we explored the potential of QD-mediated labeling for the purpose of tracking an intracellular protein inside live cells. RESULTS We manufactured dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA)-capped CdSe-ZnS core-shell QD, not available commercially, and coupled them to the cell cycle regulatory protein Cyclin E. We then utilized the QD fluorescence capabilities for visualization of Cyclin E trafficking within cells of Xenopus laevis embryos in real time. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide "proof-of-concept" for this approach by tracking QD-tagged Cyclin E within cells of developing embryos, before and during an important developmental period, the midblastula transition. Importantly, we show that the attachment of QD to Cyclin E did not disrupt its proper intracellular distribution prior to and during the midblastula transition. The fate of the QD after cyclin E degradation following the midblastula transition remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina I Brandt
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Therese Mitchell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131-0001, USA.
| | - Gennady A Smolyakov
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87106-4343, USA.
| | - Marek Osiński
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87106-4343, USA.
| | - Rebecca S Hartley
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131-0001, USA.
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186
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Linzen U, Lilischkis R, Pandithage R, Schilling B, Ullius A, Lüscher-Firzlaff J, Kremmer E, Lüscher B, Vervoorts J. ING5 is phosphorylated by CDK2 and controls cell proliferation independently of p53. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123736. [PMID: 25860957 PMCID: PMC4393124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of growth (ING) proteins have multiple functions in the control of cell proliferation, mainly by regulating processes associated with chromatin regulation and gene expression. ING5 has been described to regulate aspects of gene transcription and replication. Moreover deregulation of ING5 is observed in different tumors, potentially functioning as a tumor suppressor. Gene transcription in late G1 and in S phase and replication is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) in complex with cyclin E or cyclin A. CDK2 complexes phosphorylate and regulate several substrate proteins relevant for overcoming the restriction point and promoting S phase. We have identified ING5 as a novel CDK2 substrate. ING5 is phosphorylated at a single site, threonine 152, by cyclin E/CDK2 and cyclin A/CDK2 in vitro. This site is also phosphorylated in cells in a cell cycle dependent manner, consistent with it being a CDK2 substrate. Furthermore overexpression of cyclin E/CDK2 stimulates while the CDK2 inhibitor p27KIP1 represses phosphorylation at threonine 152. This site is located in a bipartite nuclear localization sequence but its phosphorylation was not sufficient to deregulate the subcellular localization of ING5. Although ING5 interacts with the tumor suppressor p53, we could not establish p53-dependent regulation of cell proliferation by ING5 and by phospho-site mutants. Instead we observed that the knockdown of ING5 resulted in a strong reduction of proliferation in different tumor cell lines, irrespective of the p53 status. This inhibition of proliferation was at least in part due to the induction of apoptosis. In summary we identified a phosphorylation site at threonine 152 of ING5 that is cell cycle regulated and we observed that ING5 is necessary for tumor cell proliferation, without any apparent dependency on the tumor suppressor p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Linzen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057, Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Lilischkis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruwin Pandithage
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057, Aachen, Germany
| | - Britta Schilling
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Ullius
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057, Aachen, Germany
| | - Juliane Lüscher-Firzlaff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail: (BL); (JV)
| | - Jörg Vervoorts
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail: (BL); (JV)
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187
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MicroRNA-30d-5p inhibits tumour cell proliferation and motility by directly targeting CCNE2 in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 362:208-17. [PMID: 25843294 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that are dysregulated in many types of human cancers, although their precise functions in driving non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are incompletely understood. In the present study, we found that miR-30d-5p, often downregulated in NSCLC tissues, significantly inhibited the growth, cell cycle distribution, and motility of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that cyclin E2 (CCNE2), which was often upregulated in NSCLC tissues, was a direct target of miR-30d-5p. CCNE2 expression promoted the proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells. In addition, the re-introduction of CCNE2 expression antagonised the inhibitory effects of miR-30d-5p on the capacity of NSCLC cells for proliferation and motility. Together, these results suggest that the miR-30d-5p/CCNE2 axis may contribute to NSCLC cell proliferation and motility, indicating miR-30d-5p as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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188
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Guo X, Connick MC, Vanderhoof J, Ishak MA, Hartley RS. MicroRNA-16 modulates HuR regulation of cyclin E1 in breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7112-32. [PMID: 25830480 PMCID: PMC4425007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA binding protein (RBPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that are implicated in development of cancers. Although their individual roles have been studied, the crosstalk between RBPs and miRNAs is under intense investigation. Here, we show that in breast cancer cells, cyclin E1 upregulation by the RBP HuR is through specific binding to regions in the cyclin E1 mRNA 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) containing U-rich elements. Similarly, miR-16 represses cyclin E1, dependent on its cognate binding sites in the cyclin E1 3'UTR. Evidence in the literature indicates that HuR can regulate miRNA expression and recruit or dissociate RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC). Despite this, miR-16 and HuR do not affect the other’s expression level or binding to the cyclin E1 3'UTR. While HuR overexpression partially blocks miR-16 repression of a reporter mRNA containing the cyclin E1 3'UTR, it does not block miR-16 repression of endogenous cyclin E1 mRNA. In contrast, miR-16 blocks HuR-mediated upregulation of cyclin E1. Overall our results suggest that miR-16 can override HuR upregulation of cyclin E1 without affecting HuR expression or association with the cyclin E1 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Melanie C Connick
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Jennifer Vanderhoof
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Mohammad-Ali Ishak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Rebecca S Hartley
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Hu S, Danilov AV, Godek K, Orr B, Tafe LJ, Rodriguez-Canales J, Behrens C, Mino B, Moran CA, Memoli VA, Mustachio LM, Galimberti F, Ravi S, DeCastro A, Lu Y, Sekula D, Andrew AS, Wistuba II, Freemantle S, Compton DA, Dmitrovsky E. CDK2 Inhibition Causes Anaphase Catastrophe in Lung Cancer through the Centrosomal Protein CP110. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2029-38. [PMID: 25808870 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is frequently detected in human cancers and is implicated in carcinogenesis. Pharmacologic targeting of aneuploidy is an attractive therapeutic strategy, as this would preferentially eliminate malignant over normal cells. We previously discovered that CDK2 inhibition causes lung cancer cells with more than two centrosomes to undergo multipolar cell division leading to apoptosis, defined as anaphase catastrophe. Cells with activating KRAS mutations were especially sensitive to CDK2 inhibition. Mechanisms of CDK2-mediated anaphase catastrophe and how activated KRAS enhances this effect were investigated. Live-cell imaging provided direct evidence that following CDK2 inhibition, lung cancer cells develop multipolar anaphase and undergo multipolar cell division with the resulting progeny apoptotic. The siRNA-mediated repression of the CDK2 target and centrosome protein CP110 induced anaphase catastrophe of lung cancer cells. In contrast, CP110 overexpression antagonized CDK2 inhibitor-mediated anaphase catastrophe. Furthermore, activated KRAS mutations sensitized lung cancer cells to CDK2 inhibition by deregulating CP110 expression. Thus, CP110 is a critical mediator of CDK2 inhibition-driven anaphase catastrophe. Independent examination of murine and human paired normal-malignant lung tissues revealed marked upregulation of CP110 in malignant versus normal lung. Human lung cancers with KRAS mutations had significantly lower CP110 expression as compared with KRAS wild-type cancers. Thus, a direct link was found between CP110 and CDK2 inhibitor antineoplastic response. CP110 plays a mechanistic role in response of lung cancer cells to CDK2 inhibition, especially in the presence of activated KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhu Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Alexey V Danilov
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Kristina Godek
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Bernardo Orr
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Laura J Tafe
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cesar A Moran
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vincent A Memoli
- The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Lisa Maria Mustachio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Fabrizio Galimberti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Saranya Ravi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Andrew DeCastro
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - David Sekula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah Freemantle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Duane A Compton
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire. Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
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190
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FBXW7 mutation analysis and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Int J Biol Markers 2015; 30:e88-95. [PMID: 25450649 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of mutations in the tumor suppressor gene FBXW7 for clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Between January 2000 and December 2009, FBXW7 mutations in tumor tissues from 1,519 CRC patients at Taipei Veterans General Hospital were assessed using a MassArray system. We compared the clinicopathological variables and prognosis between the wild-type and mutant tumor tissue groups. RESULTS FBXW7 mutations were present in 114/1,519 CRC patients (7.5%). In stage I/II CRC patients, mutant FBXW7 was more common than wild-type FBXW7 (62.3% vs. 50.8%). CRC patients with FBXW7 mutations did not differ significantly in their 5-year overall survival (OS). Stage I/II CRC patients with FBXW7 mutations had lower OS, but this difference was not significant (71.6% vs. 78.2%). Among FBXW7 tumors, S582L was the most frequent mutation type (19.3%), followed by R465H (16.6%), R505C (14.9%) and R479Q (14.9%). Subgroup analysis of FBXW7 mutants showed that R465H/R465C/R479Q had better 5-year OS than other mutant types (76.9% vs. 56.0%; p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS There was no strong association between patient prognosis and FBXW7 mutations in our large-scale study.
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191
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Rogers S, Gloss BS, Lee CS, Sergio CM, Dinger ME, Musgrove EA, Burgess A, Caldon CE. Cyclin E2 is the predominant E-cyclin associated with NPAT in breast cancer cells. Cell Div 2015; 10:1. [PMID: 25741376 PMCID: PMC4349318 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-015-0007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyclin E oncogene activates CDK2 to drive cells from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle to commence DNA replication. It coordinates essential cellular functions with the cell cycle including histone biogenesis, splicing, centrosome duplication and origin firing for DNA replication. The two E-cyclins, E1 and E2, are assumed to act interchangeably in these functions. However recent reports have identified unique functions for cyclins E1 and E2 in different tissues, and particularly in breast cancer. FINDINGS Cyclins E1 and E2 localise to distinct foci in breast cancer cells as well as co-localising within the cell. Both E-cyclins are found in complex with CDK2, at centrosomes and with the splicing machinery in nuclear speckles. However cyclin E2 uniquely co-localises with NPAT, the main activator of cell-cycle regulated histone transcription. Increased cyclin E2, but not cyclin E1, expression is associated with high expression of replication-dependent histones in breast cancers. CONCLUSIONS The preferential localisation of cyclin E1 or cyclin E2 to distinct foci indicates that each E-cyclin has unique roles. Cyclin E2 uniquely interacts with NPAT in breast cancer cells, and is associated with higher levels of histones in breast cancer. This could explain the unique correlations of high cyclin E2 expression with poor outcome and genomic instability in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rogers
- />The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Brian S Gloss
- />The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
- />St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christine S Lee
- />The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Claudio Marcelo Sergio
- />The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- />The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
- />St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Musgrove
- />Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
| | - Andrew Burgess
- />The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
- />St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Elizabeth Caldon
- />The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
- />St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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192
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Sun L, Huang Y, Wei Q, Tong X, Cai R, Nalepa G, Ye X. Cyclin E-CDK2 protein phosphorylates plant homeodomain finger protein 8 (PHF8) and regulates its function in the cell cycle. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:4075-85. [PMID: 25548279 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin E-CDK2 is a key regulator in G1/S transition. Previously, we identified a number of CDK2-interacting proteins, including PHF8 (plant homeodomain finger protein 8). In this report, we confirmed that PHF8 is a novel cyclin E-CDK2 substrate. By taking the approach of mass spectrometry, we identified that PHF8 Ser-844 is phosphorylated by cyclin E-CDK2. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that WT PHF8 demethylates histone H3K9me2 more efficiently than the cyclin E-CDK2 phosphorylation-deficient PHF8-S844A mutant. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis showed that WT PHF8 promotes S phase progression more robustly than PHF8-S844A. Real-time PCR results demonstrated that PHF8 increases transcription of cyclin E, E2F3, and E2F7 to significantly higher levels compared with PHF8-S844A. Further analysis by ChIP assay indicated that PHF8 binds to the cyclin E promoter stronger than PHF8-S844A and reduces the H3K9me2 level at the cyclin E promoter more efficiently than PHF8-S844A. In addition, we found that cyclin E-CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of PHF8 Ser-844 promotes PHF8-dependent rRNA transcription in luciferase reporter assays and real-time PCR. Taken together, these results indicate that cyclin E-CDK2 phosphorylates PHF8 to stimulate its demethylase activity to promote rRNA transcription and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Sun
- From the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Yan Huang
- From the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Qian Wei
- From the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- From the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rong Cai
- From the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, and
| | - Grzegorz Nalepa
- the Department of Pediatrics and Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Xin Ye
- From the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,
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193
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Impact of the Mdm2(SNP309-G) allele on a murine model of colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:4412-20. [PMID: 25435368 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter of the Mdm2 gene (Mdm2(SNP309-G)) results in an increased Mdm2 expression, partial attenuation of the p53 pathway and accelerated tumor development. Clinical case-control studies indicate the Mdm2(SNP309-)(G) allele associates with a significant increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk that is heightened in women, but the biological significance of this polymorphism has never been directly evaluated. To examine whether the Mdm2(SNP309-)(G) allele contributes to colorectal cancer, we generated cohorts of mice harboring either the G (minor allelic variant) or T (major allelic variant) allele and treated them with azoxymethane (AOM), a carcinogen that induces sporadic colorectal cancer. Mdm2(SNP309-G/G) mice displayed a significant reduction in survival following AOM treatment with more colonic lesions in a wider distribution throughout the lower and upper colon and an attenuated apoptotic response following exposure. AOM did not significantly induce stabilization of wild-type p53 or activate p53 downstream targets following AOM treatment, regardless of the genotype. Instead, Mdm2(SNP309-G/G) colons had significant changes in the expression of genes that regulate Mdm2 transcription (ERα and Sp1) as well as downstream targets of Mdm2. Together these results suggest the Mdm2(SNP309-)(G) allele significantly impacts CRC through mechanisms outside the p53 pathway.
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194
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Donnelly N, Passerini V, Dürrbaum M, Stingele S, Storchová Z. HSF1 deficiency and impaired HSP90-dependent protein folding are hallmarks of aneuploid human cells. EMBO J 2014; 33:2374-87. [PMID: 25205676 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201488648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with malignancy and poor prognosis. Recent studies have revealed that aneuploidy inhibits proliferation, causes distinct alterations in the transcriptome and proteome and disturbs cellular proteostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the changes in gene expression and the impairment of proteostasis are not understood. Here, we report that human aneuploid cells are impaired in HSP90-mediated protein folding. We show that aneuploidy impairs induction of the heat shock response suggesting that the activity of the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is compromised. Indeed, increased levels of HSF1 counteract the effects of aneuploidy on HSP90 expression and protein folding, identifying HSF1 overexpression as the first aneuploidy-tolerating mutation in human cells. Thus, impaired HSF1 activity emerges as a critical factor underlying the phenotypes linked to aneuploidy. Finally, we demonstrate that deficient protein folding capacity directly shapes gene expression in aneuploid cells. Our study provides mechanistic insight into the causes of the disturbed proteostasis in aneuploids and deepens our understanding of the role of HSF1 in cytoprotection and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neysan Donnelly
- Group Maintenance of Genome Stability, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Verena Passerini
- Group Maintenance of Genome Stability, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Milena Dürrbaum
- Group Maintenance of Genome Stability, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Stingele
- Group Maintenance of Genome Stability, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Zuzana Storchová
- Group Maintenance of Genome Stability, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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195
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Deng W, Zhou Y, Tiwari AFY, Su H, Yang J, Zhu D, Lau VMY, Hau PM, Yip YL, Cheung ALM, Guan XY, Tsao SW. p21/Cyclin E pathway modulates anticlastogenic function of Bmi-1 in cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1361-70. [PMID: 25131797 PMCID: PMC4312942 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apart from regulating stem cell self-renewal, embryonic development and proliferation, Bmi-1 has been recently reported to be critical in the maintenance of genome integrity. In searching for novel mechanisms underlying the anticlastogenic function of Bmi-1, we observed, for the first time, that Bmi-1 positively regulates p21 expression. We extended the finding that Bmi-1 deficiency induced chromosome breaks in multiple cancer cell models. Interestingly, we further demonstrated that knockdown of cyclin E or ectopic overexpression of p21 rescued Bmi-1 deficiency-induced chromosome breaks. We therefore conclude that p21/cyclin E pathway is crucial in modulating the anticlastogenic function of Bmi-1. As it is well established that the overexpression of cyclin E potently induces genome instability and p21 suppresses the function of cyclin E, the novel and important implication from our findings is that Bmi-1 plays an important role in limiting genomic instability in cylin E-overexpressing cancer cells by positive regulation of p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Deng
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Anatomy and Center for Cancer Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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196
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Rath SL, Senapati S. Why are the truncated cyclin Es more effective CDK2 activators than the full-length isoforms? Biochemistry 2014; 53:4612-24. [PMID: 24947816 DOI: 10.1021/bi5004052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulating enzymes, CDKs, become activated upon association with their regulatory proteins, cyclins. The G1 cyclin, cyclin E, is overexpressed and present in low molecular weight (LMW) isoforms in breast cancer cells and tumor tissues. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that these LMW isoforms of cyclin E hyperactivate CDK2 and accelerate the G1-S phase of cell division. The molecular basis of CDK2 hyperactivation due to LMW cyclin E isoforms in cancer cells is, however, unknown. Here, we employ a computational approach, combining homology modeling, bioinformatics analyses, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and principal component analyses to unravel the key structural features of CDK2-bound full-length and LMW isoforms of cyclin E1 and correlate those features to their differential activity. Results suggest that the missing N- and C-terminal regions of the cyclin E LMW isoforms constitute the Nuclear Localization Sequence (NLS) and PEST domains and are intrinsically disordered. These regions, when present in the full-length cyclin E/CDK2 complex, weaken the cyclin-CDK interface packing due to the loss of a large number of key interface interactions. Such weakening is manifested in the decreased contact area and increased solvent accessibility at the interface and also by the absence of concerted motions between the two partner proteins in the full-length complex. More effective packing and interactions between CDK2 and LMW cyclin E isoforms, however, produce more efficient protein-protein complexes that accelerate the cell division processes in cancer cells, where these cyclin E isoforms are overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Lipsa Rath
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600036, India
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197
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Evolutionarily conserved transcription factor Apontic controls the G1/S progression by inducing cyclin E during eye development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:9497-502. [PMID: 24979795 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1407145111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During Drosophila eye development, differentiation initiates in the posterior region of the eye disk and progresses anteriorly as a wave marked by the morphogenetic furrow (MF), which demarcates the boundary between anterior undifferentiated cells and posterior differentiated photoreceptors. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of gene expression immediately before the onset of differentiation remains unclear. Here, we show that Apontic (Apt), which is an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor, is expressed in the differentiating cells posterior to the MF. Moreover, it directly induces the expression of cyclin E and is also required for the G1-to-S phase transition, which is known to be essential for the initiation of cell differentiation at the MF. These observations identify a pathway crucial for eye development, governed by a mechanism in which Cyclin E promotes the G1-to-S phase transition when regulated by Apt.
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198
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Zhang H, Tian Y, Shen J, Wang Y, Xu Y, Wang Y, Han Z, Li X. Upregulation of the putative oncogene COTE1 contributes to human hepatocarcinogenesis through modulation of WWOX signaling. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:719-31. [PMID: 24899407 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 189, also known as COTE1, has been found to be significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens and cell lines and is associated with tumor size and differentiation. Furthermore, COTE1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinogenesis. The overexpression of COTE1 enhanced in vitro cell viability and colony formation in soft agar, and in vivo tumorigenicity of HCC-derived Focus and Huh7 cells. In contrast, COTE1 knockdown via RNAi markedly suppressed these phenotypes in YY-8103 and WRL-68 HCC cell lines. Mechanistic analyses indicated that COTE1 physically associated with WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) and modulated WWOX tyrosine phosphorylation. The ectopic overexpression of COTE1 inhibited the WWOX-p53 signaling pathway by reducing the phosphorylation of WWOX at the Tyr33 residue in Focus cells. Conversely, COTE1 silencing activated tyrosine 33 phosphorylation of WWOX and induced WWOX-p53 mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in WRL-68 cells. In addition, COTE1 upregulation in Huh7 cells blocked the WWOX-cyclin D1 pathway via dephosphorylation of WWOX Tyr287, stimulating cell cycle progression whereas phosphorylation of Tyr287 of WWOX induced by COTE1 silencing resulted in activation of WWOX-cyclin D1 signaling, leading to cell cycle arrest in YY-8103 cells. Together, our findings suggest that the cytoplasmic protein COTE1 contributes to HCC tumorigenesis by regulating cell proliferation through the modulation of WWOX signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jian Shen
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yonghua Xu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Zeguang Han
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xiangcheng Li
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
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Abstract
Kv2.1 is a major delayed rectifying K(+) channel normally localized to highly phosphorylated somatodendritic clusters in neurons. Excitatory stimuli induce calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation and dispersal of Kv2.1 clusters, with a concomitant hyperpolarizing shift in the channel's activation kinetics. We showed previously that sublethal ischemia, which renders neurons transiently resistant to excitotoxic cell death, can also induce Zn(2+)-dependent changes in Kv2.1 localization and activation kinetics, suggesting that activity-dependent modifications of Kv2.1 may contribute to cellular adaptive responses to injury. Recently, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) was shown to phosphorylate Kv2.1, with pharmacological Cdk5 inhibition being sufficient to decluster channels. In another study, cyclin E1 was found to restrict neuronal Cdk5 kinase activity. We show here that cyclin E1 regulates Kv2.1 cellular localization via inhibition of Cdk5 activity. Expression of cyclin E1 in human embryonic kidney cells prevents Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of Kv2.1, and cyclin E1 overexpression in rat cortical neurons triggers dispersal of Kv2.1 channel clusters. Sublethal ischemia in neurons induces calcineurin-dependent upregulation of cyclin E1 protein expression and cyclin E1-dependent Kv2.1 channel declustering. Importantly, overexpression of cyclin E1 in neurons is sufficient to reduce excitotoxic cell death. These results support a novel role for neuronal cyclin E1 in regulating the phosphorylation status and localization of Kv2.1 channels, a likely component of signaling cascades leading to ischemic preconditioning.
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200
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Wang WL, Huang HC, Kao SH, Hsu YC, Wang YT, Li KC, Chen YJ, Yu SL, Wang SP, Hsiao TH, Yang PC, Hong TM. Slug is temporally regulated by cyclin E in cell cycle and controls genome stability. Oncogene 2014; 34:1116-25. [PMID: 24662826 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor Slug is best known to control epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promote cancer invasion/metastasis. In this study, we demonstrate that Slug is temporally regulated during cell cycle progression. At G1/S transition, cyclin E-cyclin-dependent kinase 2 mediates the phosphorylation of Slug at Ser-54 and Ser-104, resulting in its ubiquitylation and degradation. Non-phosphorylatable Slug is markedly stabilized at G1/S transition compared with wild-type Slug and greatly leads to downregulation of DNA synthesis and checkpoint-related proteins, including TOP1, DNA Ligase IV and Rad17, reduces cell proliferation, delays S-phase progression and contributes to genome instability. Our results indicate that Slug has multifaceted roles in cancer progression by controlling both EMT and genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-L Wang
- 1] Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - H-C Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-H Kao
- 1] Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Hsu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-T Wang
- 1] Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K-C Li
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-J Chen
- 1] Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-L Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-P Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-H Hsiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-C Yang
- 1] Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan [3] NTU Center of Genomic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-M Hong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
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