151
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Rutenberg AD, Mitnitski AB, Farrell SG, Rockwood K. Unifying aging and frailty through complex dynamical networks. Exp Gerontol 2018; 107:126-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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152
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Kane AE, Shin S, Wong AA, Fertan E, Faustova NS, Howlett SE, Brown RE. Sex Differences in Healthspan Predict Lifespan in the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:172. [PMID: 29946252 PMCID: PMC6005856 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit marked differences in life expectancy depending on their genotype and sex. The assessment of frailty could provide a measure of healthspan to facilitate comparisons between different AD models. We used a validated mouse frailty index (FI) assessment tool to explore genotype and sex differences in lifespan and healthspan of 3xTg-AD mice and their B6129F2 wild-type (WT) controls. This tool is based on an approach commonly used in people and quantifies frailty by counting the accumulation of age-related health deficits. The number of deficits in an individual divided by the total number measured yields an FI score theoretically between 0 and 1, with higher scores denoting more frailty. Male 3xTg-AD mice aged 300-600 days had higher FI scores (Mean FI = 0.21 ± 0.03) than either male WT (Mean FI = 0.15 ± 0.01) or female 3xTg-AD mice (Mean FI = 0.10 ± 0.01), and the elevated frailty scores were accompanied by parallel increases in mortality. Frailty increased exponentially with age, and higher rates of deficit accumulation elevated mortality risk in all groups of mice. When mice were stratified by FI score, frailty predicted mortality, at least in females. Therefore, the mouse clinical FI provides a valuable tool for evaluating healthspan in mouse models of AD with different lifespans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. Kane
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sooyoun Shin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Aimee A. Wong
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emre Fertan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Natalia S. Faustova
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Susan E. Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Richard E. Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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153
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Assessing frailty in the intensive care unit: A reliability and validity study. J Crit Care 2018; 45:197-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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154
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Rahemi H, Nguyen H, Lee H, Najafi B. Toward Smart Footwear to Track Frailty Phenotypes-Using Propulsion Performance to Determine Frailty. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18061763. [PMID: 29857571 PMCID: PMC6021791 DOI: 10.3390/s18061763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Frailty assessment is dependent on the availability of trained personnel and it is currently limited to clinic and supervised setting. The growing aging population has made it necessary to find phenotypes of frailty that can be measured in an unsupervised setting for translational application in continuous, remote, and in-place monitoring during daily living activity, such as walking. We analyzed gait performance of 161 older adults using a shin-worn inertial sensor to investigate the feasibility of developing a foot-worn sensor to assess frailty. Sensor-derived gait parameters were extracted and modeled to distinguish different frailty stages, including non-frail, pre-frail, and frail, as determined by Fried Criteria. An artificial neural network model was implemented to evaluate the accuracy of an algorithm using a proposed set of gait parameters in predicting frailty stages. Changes in discriminating power was compared between sensor data extracted from the left and right shin sensor. The aim was to investigate the feasibility of developing a foot-worn sensor to assess frailty. The results yielded a highly accurate model in predicting frailty stages, irrespective of sensor location. The independent predictors of frailty stages were propulsion duration and acceleration, heel-off and toe-off speed, mid stance and mid swing speed, and speed norm. The proposed model enables discriminating different frailty stages with area under curve ranging between 83.2–95.8%. Furthermore, results from the neural network suggest the potential of developing a single-shin worn sensor that would be ideal for unsupervised application and footwear integration for continuous monitoring during walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Rahemi
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Circulation Concepts Inc., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hyoki Lee
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- BioSensics LLC, Watertown, MA 02472, USA.
| | - Bijan Najafi
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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155
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Tyrovolas S, Escriva NG, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Chatterji S, Koyanagi A, Miret M, Moneta MV, Olaya B, Tobiasz-Adamczyk B, Koskinen S, Leonardi M, Haro JM. Frailty and health status of older individuals in three European countries: The COURAGE cross-sectional study. Exp Gerontol 2018; 106:137-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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156
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Ma T, Cai J, Zhu YS, Chu XF, Wang Y, Shi GP, Wang ZD, Yao S, Wang XF, Jiang XY. Association between a frailty index based on common laboratory tests and QTc prolongation in older adults: the Rugao Longevity and Ageing Study. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:797-804. [PMID: 29731619 PMCID: PMC5927057 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s149791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors for heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) proglongation should be explored to stratify high-risk individuals to aid the prevention of incident cardiovascular events and mortality. The diversity of risk factors for QTc prolongation suggests that use of the frailty index (FI), indicating general health deficits, may be an effective approach, especially in the elderly, to identify the risk of QTc prolongation. METHODS We used the data of 1,780 individuals aged 70-87 years from the Rugao Longevity and Ageing Study (RuLAS), a community-based longitudinal study. The FI was constructed using 20 routine laboratory tests, plus the body mass index and measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressures (FI-Lab). RESULTS The mean FI-Lab value was 0.24±0.09. The mean heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) was 407±38 ms. The prevalence of QTc prolongation was 5.2% in elderly community populations aged 70-87 years. A higher FI-Lab value was associated with a higher risk for QTc prolongation. Each 10% increase in the FI-Lab value increased the odds ratio (OR) by 33% (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07-1.64). Compared with the lowest quartile, the top quartile FI-Lab score was associated with a 2.50-fold QTc prolongation risk in elderly individuals (95% CI: 1.21-5.19). CONCLUSION An FI based on routine laboratory data can identify older adults at increased risk for QTc prolongation. The FI approach may therefore be useful for the risk stratification of QTc prolongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- Unit of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine (Huashan), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin-Sheng Zhu
- Rugao People’s Hospital, Rugao, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Feng Chu
- Rugao People’s Hospital, Rugao, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Rugao People’s Hospital, Rugao, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Rugao People’s Hospital, Rugao, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Dong Wang
- Rugao People’s Hospital, Rugao, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shun Yao
- Unit of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine (Huashan), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Unit of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine (Huashan), Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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157
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158
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Howlett SE. Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis: New Insights Into a Female Advantage. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:354-355. [PMID: 29455949 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Howlett
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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159
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Kane AE, Howlett SE. Differences in Cardiovascular Aging in Men and Women. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1065:389-411. [PMID: 30051398 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases increase dramatically with age in both men and women. While it is clear that advanced age allows more time for individuals to be exposed to risk factors in general, there is strong evidence that age itself is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Indeed, there are distinct age-dependent cellular, structural, and functional changes in both the heart and blood vessels, even in individuals with no clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease. Studies in older humans and in animal models of aging indicate that this age-related remodeling is maladaptive. An emerging view is that the heart and blood vessels accumulate cellular and subcellular deficits with age and these deficits increase susceptibility to disease in older individuals. Aspects of this age-dependent remodeling of the heart and blood vessels differ between the sexes. There is also new evidence that these maladaptive changes are more prominent in older animals and humans with a high degree of frailty. These observations may help explain why men and women are susceptible to different cardiovascular diseases as they age and why frail older adults are most often affected by these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Kane
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
- Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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160
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Rogers NT, Steptoe A, Cadar D. Frailty is an independent predictor of incident dementia: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15746. [PMID: 29146957 PMCID: PMC5691042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether frailty in older adults is associated with the risk of subsequent dementia. A total of 8,722 older adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing were followed-up every two years until they reported a diagnosis of dementia, died, or were right censored. Frailty was defined using a frailty index comprised of 47 health deficits. To test if cognitive function influences the relationship between frailty and incident dementia, the analyses were repeated according to lower or upper three quartiles of baseline cognitive function. Competing risks regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate whether the degree of baseline frailty was associated with incident dementia. Compared with non-frail participants, pre-frail (HR: 1.51 95%CI [1.12-2.02]) and frail participants (HR: 1.73 95%CI [1.22-2.43]) had a higher risk of developing dementia, after adjustment for covariates. The association between frailty and incident dementia was significant for adults in the upper three quartiles of global cognitive function (HR: 3.48 95%CI [1.98-6.12]), but not for adults who were in the lowest quartile of cognitive function (HR: 1.13 95%CI [0.74-1.71]). Frailty should be monitored alongside cognitive functioning when assessing risk factors for dementia in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina T Rogers
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dorina Cadar
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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161
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Clarke JD, Caldwell JL, Pearman CM, Eisner DA, Trafford AW, Dibb KM. Increased Ca buffering underpins remodelling of Ca 2+ handling in old sheep atrial myocytes. J Physiol 2017; 595:6263-6279. [PMID: 28752958 PMCID: PMC5621500 DOI: 10.1113/jp274053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Ageing is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and arrhythmias, with the most common arrhythmia being found in the atria of the heart. Little is known about how the normal atria of the heart remodel with age and thus why dysfunction might occur. We report alterations to the atrial systolic Ca2+ transient that have implications for the function of the atrial in the elderly. We describe a novel mechanism by which increased Ca buffering can account for changes to systolic Ca2+ in the old atria. The present study helps us to understand how the processes regulating atrial contraction are remodelled during ageing and provides a basis for future work aiming to understand why dysfunction develops. ABSTRACT Many cardiovascular diseases, including those affecting the atria, are associated with advancing age. Arrhythmias, including those in the atria, can arise as a result of electrical remodelling or alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis. In the atria, age-associated changes in the action potential have been documented. However, little is known about remodelling of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in the healthy aged atria. Using single atrial myocytes from young and old Welsh Mountain sheep, we show the free Ca2+ transient amplitude and rate of decay of systolic Ca2+ decrease with age, whereas sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca content increases. An increase in intracellular Ca buffering explains both the decrease in Ca2+ transient amplitude and decay kinetics in the absence of any change in sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase function. Ageing maintained the integrated Ca2+ influx via ICa-L but decreased peak ICa-L . Decreased peak ICa-L was found to be responsible for the age-associated increase in SR Ca content but not the decrease in Ca2+ transient amplitude. Instead, decreased peak ICa-L offsets increased SR load such that Ca2+ release from the SR was maintained during ageing. The results of the present study highlight a novel mechanism by which increased Ca buffering decreases systolic Ca2+ in old atria. Furthermore, for the first time, we have shown that SR Ca content is increased in old atrial myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Clarke
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, 3.14 Core Technology FacilityUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Jessica L. Caldwell
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, 3.14 Core Technology FacilityUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Charles M. Pearman
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, 3.14 Core Technology FacilityUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - David A. Eisner
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, 3.14 Core Technology FacilityUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Andrew W. Trafford
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, 3.14 Core Technology FacilityUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Katharine M. Dibb
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, 3.14 Core Technology FacilityUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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162
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A frailty index from common clinical and laboratory tests predicts increased risk of death across the life course. GeroScience 2017; 39:447-455. [PMID: 28866737 PMCID: PMC5636769 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A frailty index (FI) based entirely on common clinical and laboratory tests might offer scientific advantages in understanding ageing and pragmatic advantages in screening. Our main objective was to compare an FI based on common laboratory tests with an FI based on self-reported data; we additionally investigated if the combination of subclinical deficits with clinical ones increased the ability of the FI to predict mortality. In this secondary analysis of the 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 8888 individuals aged 20+ were evaluated. Three FIs were constructed: a 36-item FI using self-reported questionnaire data (FI-Self-report); a 32-item FI using data from laboratory test values plus pulse and blood pressure measures (FI-Lab); and a 68-item FI that combined all items from each index (FI-Combined). The mean FI-Lab score was 0.15 ± 0.09, the FI-Self-report was 0.11 ± 0.11 and FI-Combined was 0.13 ± 0.08. Each index showed some typical FI characteristics (skewed distribution with long right tail, non-linear increase with age). Even so, there were fewer people with low frailty levels and a slower increase with age for the FI-Lab compared to the FI-Self-report. Higher frailty level was associated with higher risk of death, although it was strongest at older ages. Both FI-Lab and FI-Self-report remained significant in a combined model predicting death. The FI-Lab was feasible and valid, demonstrating that even subclinical deficit accumulation increased mortality risk. This suggests that deficit accumulation, from the subcellular to the clinically visible is a useful construct that may advance our understanding of the ageing process.
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163
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Kane AE, Howlett SE. Advances in Preclinical Models of Frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:867-869. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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164
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Feridooni HA, Kane AE, Ayaz O, Boroumandi A, Polidovitch N, Tsushima RG, Rose RA, Howlett SE. The impact of age and frailty on ventricular structure and function in C57BL/6J mice. J Physiol 2017; 595:3721-3742. [PMID: 28502095 DOI: 10.1113/jp274134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Heart size increases with age (called hypertrophy), and its ability to contract declines. However, these reflect average changes that may not be present, or present to the same extent, in all older individuals. That aging happens at different rates is well accepted clinically. People who are aging rapidly are frail and frailty is measured with a 'frailty index'. We quantified frailty with a validated mouse frailty index tool and evaluated the impacts of age and frailty on cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction. Hypertrophy increased with age, while contractions, calcium currents and calcium transients declined; these changes were graded by frailty scores. Overall health status, quantified as frailty, may promote maladaptive changes associated with cardiac aging and facilitate the development of diseases such as heart failure. To understand age-related changes in heart structure and function, it is essential to know both chronological age and the health status of the animal. ABSTRACT On average, cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction increase with age. Still, individuals age at different rates and their health status varies from fit to frail. We investigated the influence of frailty on age-dependent ventricular remodelling. Frailty was quantified as deficit accumulation in adult (≈7 months) and aged (≈27 months) C57BL/6J mice by adapting a validated frailty index (FI) tool. Hypertrophy and contractile function were evaluated in Langendorff-perfused hearts; cellular correlates/mechanisms were investigated in ventricular myocytes. FI scores increased with age. Mean cardiac hypertrophy increased with age, but values in the adult and aged groups overlapped. When plotted as a function of frailty, hypertrophy was graded by FI score (r = 0.67-0.55, P < 0.0003). Myocyte area also correlated positively with FI (r = 0.34, P = 0.03). Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) plus rates of pressure development (+dP/dt) and decay (-dP/dt) declined with age and this was graded by frailty (r = -0.51, P = 0.0007; r = -0.48, P = 0.002; r = -0.56, P = 0.0002 for LVDP, +dP/dt and -dP/dt). Smaller, slower contractions graded by FI score were also seen in ventricular myocytes. Contractile dysfunction in cardiomyocytes isolated from frail mice was attributable to parallel changes in underlying Ca2+ transients. These changes were not due to reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum stores, but were graded by smaller Ca2+ currents (r = -0.40, P = 0.008), lower gain (r = -0.37, P = 0.02) and reduced expression of Cav1.2 protein (r = -0.68, P = 0.003). These results show that cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction in naturally aging mice are graded by overall health and suggest that frailty, in addition to chronological age, can help explain heterogeneity in cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Feridooni
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5850 College St, B3H 4R2, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - A E Kane
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5850 College St, B3H 4R2, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - O Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5850 College St, B3H 4R2, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - A Boroumandi
- Department of Biology, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - N Polidovitch
- Department of Biology, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - R G Tsushima
- Department of Biology, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - R A Rose
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5850 College St, B3H 4R2, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - S E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5850 College St, B3H 4R2, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Geriatric Medicine), Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, 5850 College St, B3H 4R2, Halifax, NS, Canada
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165
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Kane AE, Ayaz O, Ghimire A, Feridooni HA, Howlett SE. Implementation of the mouse frailty index. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1149-1155. [PMID: 28463656 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is considered a state of high vulnerability for adverse health outcomes for people of the same age. Those who are frail have higher mortality, worse health outcomes, and use more health care services than those who are not frail. Despite this, little is known about the biology of frailty, the effect of frailty on pharmacological or surgical outcomes, and potential interventions to attenuate frailty. In humans, frailty can be quantified using a frailty index (FI) based on the principle of deficit accumulation. The recent development of an FI in naturally ageing mice provides an opportunity to conduct frailty research in a validated preclinical model. The mouse FI has been successfully used across a wide range of applications; however, there are some factors that should be considered in implementing this tool. This review summarises the current literature, presents some original data, and suggests areas for future research on the current applications of the mouse FI, inter-rater reliability of the FI, the effect of observer characteristics and environmental factors on mouse FI scores, and the individual items that make up the FI assessment. The implementation of this tool into preclinical frailty research should greatly accelerate translational research in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Kane
- Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada.,Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
| | - Omar Ayaz
- Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada.,Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
| | - Anjali Ghimire
- Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada.,Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
| | - Hirad A Feridooni
- Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada.,Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada.,Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
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