151
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Harris WP, Wong KM, Saha S, Dika IE, Abou-Alfa GK. Biomarker-Driven and Molecular Targeted Therapies for Hepatobiliary Cancers. Semin Oncol 2018; 45:116-123. [PMID: 30348531 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The recent accumulation of molecular profiling data for primary hepatobiliary malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary tract cancers, has led to a proliferation of promising therapeutic investigations in recent years. Treatment with pathway-specific targeted inhibitors and immunotherapeutic agents have demonstrated promising early clinical results. Key molecular alterations in common hepatobiliary cancers and ongoing interventional clinical trials of molecularly targeted systemic agents focusing on hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary tract cancer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle WA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | - Kit Man Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle WA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | - Supriya Saha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle WA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | - Imane El Dika
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ghassan K Abou-Alfa
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY.
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152
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Riordan JD, Feddersen CR, Tschida BR, Jackson P, Keng VW, Linden MA, Amin K, Stipp CS, Largaespada DA, Dupuy AJ. Chronic liver injury alters driver mutation profiles in hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Hepatology 2018; 67:924-939. [PMID: 28961327 PMCID: PMC5826818 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) develop in a chronically injured liver, yet the extent to which this microenvironment promotes neoplastic transformation or influences selective pressures for genetic drivers of HCC remains unclear. We sought to determine the impact of hepatic injury in an established mouse model of HCC induced by Sleeping Beauty transposon mutagenesis. Chemically induced chronic liver injury dramatically increased tumor penetrance and significantly altered driver mutation profiles, likely reflecting distinct selective pressures. In addition to established human HCC genes and pathways, we identified several injury-associated candidates that represent promising loci for further study. Among them, we found that FIGN is overexpressed in human HCC and promotes hepatocyte invasion. We also validated Gli2's oncogenic potential in vivo, providing direct evidence that Hedgehog signaling can drive liver tumorigenesis in the context of chronic injury. Finally, we show that a subset of injury-associated candidate genes identifies two distinct classes of human HCCs. Further analysis of these two subclasses revealed significant trends among common molecular classification schemes of HCC. The genes and mechanisms identified here provide functional insights into the origin of HCC in a chronic liver damage environment. CONCLUSION A chronically damaged liver microenvironment influences the genetic mechanisms that drive hepatocarcinogenesis. (Hepatology 2018;67:924-939).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D. Riordan
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Charlotte R. Feddersen
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Barbara R. Tschida
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics & Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Pauline Jackson
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics & Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Vincent W. Keng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Michael A. Linden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Khalid Amin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher S. Stipp
- Department of Biology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David A. Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics & Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Adam J. Dupuy
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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153
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Khamphaya T, Chukijrungroat N, Saengsirisuwan V, Mitchell-Richards KA, Robert ME, Mennone A, Nathanson MH, Weerachayaphorn J, Weerachayaphorn J. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease impairs expression of the type II inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. Hepatology 2018; 67:560-574. [PMID: 29023819 PMCID: PMC5893412 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. It may result in several types of liver problems, including impaired liver regeneration (LR), but the mechanism for this is unknown. Because LR depends on calcium signaling, we examined the effects of NAFLD on expression of the type II inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ITPR2), the principle calcium release channel in hepatocytes. ITPR2 promoter activity was measured in Huh7 and HepG2 cells. ITPR2 and c-Jun protein levels were evaluated in Huh7 cells, in liver tissue from a rat model of NAFLD, and in liver biopsy specimens of patients with simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). LR was assessed in wild-type and Itpr2 knockout (Itpr2-/- ) mice following 67% hepatectomy. Cell proliferation was examined in ITPR2-knockout HepG2 cells generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. c-Jun dose dependently decreased activity of the human ITPR2 promoter. c-Jun expression was increased and ITPR2 was decreased in fat-loaded Huh7 cells and in livers of rats fed a high-fat, high-fructose diet. Overexpression of c-Jun reduced protein and mRNA expression of ITPR2 in Huh7 cells, whereas knockdown of c-Jun prevented the decrease of ITPR2 in fat-loaded Huh7 cells. ITPR2 expression was decreased and c-Jun was increased in liver biopsies of patients with steatosis and NASH compared to controls. ITPR2-knockout cells exhibited less nuclear calcium signaling and cell proliferation than control cells. LR assessed by Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen was markedly decreased in Itpr2-/- mice. Conclusion: Fatty liver induces a c-Jun-mediated decrease in ITPR2 in hepatocytes. This may account for the impaired LR that occurs in NAFLD. (Hepatology 2018;67:560-574).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaporn Khamphaya
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Natsasi Chukijrungroat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Vitoon Saengsirisuwan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Marie E. Robert
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | - Albert Mennone
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven 06519, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael H. Nathanson
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven 06519, Connecticut, USA,Corresponding Authors: Michael H. Nathanson, M.D., Ph.D., Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. Phone: (+1) 203-785-7312; Fax: (+1) 203-785-7273, ; Jittima Weerachayaphorn, Ph.D., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Phone: (+66) 2201-5514; Fax: (+66) 2354-7154, ,
| | - Jittima Weerachayaphorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand,Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven 06519, Connecticut, USA,Corresponding Authors: Michael H. Nathanson, M.D., Ph.D., Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. Phone: (+1) 203-785-7312; Fax: (+1) 203-785-7273, ; Jittima Weerachayaphorn, Ph.D., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Phone: (+66) 2201-5514; Fax: (+66) 2354-7154, ,
| | - Jittima Weerachayaphorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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154
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Lai YC, Ushio N, Rahman MM, Katanoda Y, Ogihara K, Naya Y, Moriyama A, Iwanaga T, Saitoh Y, Sogawa T, Sunaga T, Momoi Y, Izumi H, Miyoshi N, Endo Y, Fujiki M, Kawaguchi H, Miura N. Aberrant expression of microRNAs and the miR-1/MET pathway in canine hepatocellular carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:288-296. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-C. Lai
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
| | - N. Ushio
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
| | - M. M. Rahman
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Y. Katanoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - K. Ogihara
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Life and Environmental Science; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Y. Naya
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Life and Environmental Science; Azabu University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - A. Moriyama
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories; Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.; Kagoshima Japan
| | - T. Iwanaga
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Y. Saitoh
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - T. Sogawa
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - T. Sunaga
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Y. Momoi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - H. Izumi
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories; Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.; Kagoshima Japan
| | - N. Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Y. Endo
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - M. Fujiki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - H. Kawaguchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine; Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima Japan
| | - N. Miura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
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155
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Fakhoury M. Imaging genetics in autism spectrum disorders: Linking genetics and brain imaging in the pursuit of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:101-114. [PMID: 28322981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include a wide range of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions that affect an individual in several aspects of social communication and behavior. Recent advances in molecular genetic technologies have dramatically increased our understanding of ASD etiology through the identification of several autism risk genes, most of which serve important functions in synaptic plasticity and protein synthesis. However, despite significant progress in this field of research, the characterization of the neurobiological mechanisms by which common genetic risk variants might operate to give rise to ASD symptomatology has proven to be far more difficult than expected. The imaging genetics approach holds great promise for advancing our understanding of ASD etiology by bridging the gap between genetic variations and their resultant biological effects on the brain. This paper provides a conceptual overview of the contribution of genetics in ASD and discusses key findings from the emerging field of imaging genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fakhoury
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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156
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Lewis FC, Kumar SD, Ellison-Hughes GM. Non-invasive strategies for stimulating endogenous repair and regenerative mechanisms in the damaged heart. Pharmacol Res 2018; 127:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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157
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Su M, Hu R, Song Y, Liu Y, Lai L. Targeted deletion of c-Met in thymic epithelial cells leads to an autoimmune phenotype. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 96:229-235. [PMID: 29363160 PMCID: PMC5825253 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-Met signaling have been implicated in regulating various types of cells including epithelial cells. We have previously reported that c-Met is expressed by thymic epithelial cells (TECs), and that in vivo administration of hybrid cytokines containing IL-7 and the beta- or alpha-chain of HGF significantly increase the number of TECs. In order to study the role of c-Met signaling in TECs, we generated conditional knockout (cKO) mice in which c-Met was specifically deleted in TECs using a Foxn1-Cre transgene. We show here that c-Met deficiency in TECs results in age-progressive reduction in TEC number and reduced number of regulatory T cells. Consequently, c-Met TEC cKO mice displayed an autoimmune phenotype. Thus, c-Met signaling in TECs is important for the maintenance of TECs and immune self-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yinhong Song
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Medical college, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Laijun Lai
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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158
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Park H, Kim D, Son E, Shin S, Sa JK, Kim SH, Yoon Y, Nam DH. Antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics, tumor-homing effect, and hepatotoxicity of a species cross-reactive c-Met antibody. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:409-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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159
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Madonna R, Cevik C, Nasser M, De Caterina R. Hepatocyte growth factor: Molecular biomarker and player in cardioprotection and cardiovascular regeneration. Thromb Haemost 2017; 107:656-61. [DOI: 10.1160/th11-10-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe liver possesses impressive regenerative capacities. Grafts of embryonic liver explants and liver explant-conditioned media have been shown to enhance the mitotic activity of hepatocytes. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), also named scatter factor (SF), has been identified as a primary candidate in promoting and regulating liver regeneration. Although initially thought to be a liver-specific mitogen, HGF was later reported to have mitogenic, motogenic, morphogenic, and anti-apoptotic activities in various cell types. By promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting apoptosis, endogenous HGF may play an important role in cardioprotection as well as in the regeneration of endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction. Since serum concentration of HGF increases in the early phase of myocardial infarction and in heart failure, HGF may also play a key role as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker of cardiovascular disease. Here we discuss the role of HGF as a biomarker and mediator in cardioprotection and cardiovascular regeneration.
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160
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Thompson SM, Jondal DE, Butters KA, Knudsen BE, Anderson JL, Stokes MP, Jia X, Grande JP, Roberts LR, Callstrom MR, Woodrum DA. Heat stress induced, ligand-independent MET and EGFR signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Hyperthermia 2017; 34:812-823. [PMID: 28954551 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1385859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of the present study were 2-fold: first, to test the hypothesis that heat stress induces MET and EGFR signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and inhibition of this signalling decreases HCC clonogenic survival; and second, to identify signalling pathways associated with heat stress induced MET signalling. MATERIALS AND METHODS MET+ and EGFR+ HCC cells were pre-treated with inhibitors to MET, EGFR, PI3K/mTOR or vehicle and subjected to heat stress or control ± HGF or EGF growth factors and assessed by colony formation assay, Western blotting and/or quantitative mass spectrometry. IACUC approved partial laser thermal or sham ablation was performed on orthotopic N1S1 and AS30D HCC tumours and liver/tumour assessed for phospho-MET and phospho-EGFR immunostaining. RESULTS Heat-stress induced rapid MET and EGFR phosphorylation that is distinct from HGF or EGF in HCC cells and thermal ablation induced MET but not EGFR phosphorylation at the HCC tumour ablation margin. Inhibition of the MET and EGFR blocked both heat stress and growth factor induced MET and EGFR phosphorylation and inhibition of MET decreased HCC clonogenic survival following heat stress. Pathway analysis of quantitative phosphoproteomic data identified downstream pathways associated with heat stress induced MET signalling including AKT, ERK, Stat3 and JNK. However, inhibition of heat stress induced MET signalling did not block AKT signalling. CONCLUSIONS Heat-stress induced MET and EGFR signalling is distinct from growth factor mediated signalling in HCC cells and MET inhibition enhances heat stress induced HCC cell killing via a PI3K/AKT/mTOR-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Thompson
- a Department of Radiology , Mayo Clinic School of Medicine , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Danielle E Jondal
- a Department of Radiology , Mayo Clinic School of Medicine , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Kim A Butters
- a Department of Radiology , Mayo Clinic School of Medicine , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Bruce E Knudsen
- a Department of Radiology , Mayo Clinic School of Medicine , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Jill L Anderson
- a Department of Radiology , Mayo Clinic School of Medicine , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Matthew P Stokes
- b Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. 3 Trask Ln. Danvers , MA , USA
| | - Xiaoying Jia
- b Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. 3 Trask Ln. Danvers , MA , USA
| | - Joseph P Grande
- c Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology , Mayo Clinic School of Medicine , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- d Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Mayo Clinic School of Medicine , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Matthew R Callstrom
- a Department of Radiology , Mayo Clinic School of Medicine , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - David A Woodrum
- a Department of Radiology , Mayo Clinic School of Medicine , Rochester , MN , USA
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161
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Kato T. Biological roles of hepatocyte growth factor-Met signaling from genetically modified animals. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:495-503. [PMID: 29188052 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. The HGF-Met signaling pathway contributes in a paracrine manner to the development of epithelial organs, exerts regenerative effects on the epithelium, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs. Additionally, the HGF-Met signaling pathway is correlated with the biology of cancer types, neurons and immunity. In vivo analyses using genetic modification have markedly increased the profound understanding of the HGF-Met system in basic biology and its clinical applications. HGF and Met knockout (KO) mice are embryonically lethal. Therefore, amino acids in multifunctional docking sites of Met have been exchanged with specific binding motifs for downstream adaptor molecules in order to investigate the signaling potential of the HGF-Met signaling pathway. Conditional Met KO mice were generated using Cre-loxP methodology and characterization of these mice indicated that the HGF-Met signaling pathway is essential in regeneration, protection, and homeostasis in various tissue types and cells. Furthermore, the results of studies using HGF-overexpressing mice have indicated the therapeutic potential of HGF for various types of disease and injury. In the present review, the phenotypes of Met gene-modified mice are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kato
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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162
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Souza TM, Kleinjans JCS, Jennen DGJ. Dose and Time Dependencies in Stress Pathway Responses during Chemical Exposure: Novel Insights from Gene Regulatory Networks. Front Genet 2017; 8:142. [PMID: 29085386 PMCID: PMC5649202 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbation of biological networks is often observed during exposure to xenobiotics, and the identification of disturbed processes, their dynamic traits, and dose–response relationships are some of the current challenges for elucidating the mechanisms determining adverse outcomes. In this scenario, reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from expression data may provide a system-level snapshot embedded within accurate molecular events. Here, we investigate the composition of GRNs inferred from groups of chemicals with two distinct outcomes, namely carcinogenicity [azathioprine (AZA) and cyclophosphamide (CYC)] and drug-induced liver injury (DILI; diclofenac, nitrofurantoin, and propylthiouracil), and a non-carcinogenic/non-DILI group (aspirin, diazepam, and omeprazole). For this, we analyzed publicly available exposed in vitro human data, taking into account dose and time dependencies. Dose–Time Network Identification (DTNI) was applied to gene sets from exposed primary human hepatocytes using four stress pathways, namely endoplasmic reticulum (ER), NF-κB, NRF2, and TP53. Inferred GRNs suggested case specificity, varying in interactions, starting nodes, and target genes across groups. DILI and carcinogenic compounds were shown to directly affect all pathway-based GRNs, while non-DILI/non-carcinogenic chemicals only affected NF-κB. NF-κB-based GRNs clearly illustrated group-specific disturbances, with the cancer-related casein kinase CSNK2A1 being a target gene only in the carcinogenic group, and opposite regulation of NF-κB subunits being observed in DILI and non-DILI/non-carcinogenic groups. Target genes in NRF2-based GRNs shared by DILI and carcinogenic compounds suggested markers of hepatotoxicity. Finally, we indicate several of these group-specific interactions as potentially novel. In summary, our reversed-engineered GRNs are capable of revealing dose dependent, chemical-specific mechanisms of action in stress-related biological networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezinha M Souza
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Danyel G J Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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163
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Glodde N, Bald T, van den Boorn-Konijnenberg D, Nakamura K, O’Donnell JS, Szczepanski S, Brandes M, Eickhoff S, Das I, Shridhar N, Hinze D, Rogava M, van der Sluis TC, Ruotsalainen JJ, Gaffal E, Landsberg J, Ludwig KU, Wilhelm C, Riek-Burchardt M, Müller AJ, Gebhardt C, Scolyer RA, Long GV, Janzen V, Teng MW, Kastenmüller W, Mazzone M, Smyth MJ, Tüting T, Hölzel M. Reactive Neutrophil Responses Dependent on the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase c-MET Limit Cancer Immunotherapy. Immunity 2017; 47:789-802.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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164
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MET receptor variant R970C favors calpain-dependent generation of a fragment promoting epithelial cell scattering. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11268-11283. [PMID: 28061464 PMCID: PMC5355264 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase MET and its ligand, the hepatocyte growth factor, are essential to embryonic development, whereas deregulation of MET signaling is associated with tumorigenesis leading to various cancers, including lung carcinoma. Mutations in the MET kinase domain lead to constitutive kinase activity and are associated with tumorigenesis. In lung cancer, however, some mutations are found in the juxtamembrane domain, and their functional consequences are unknown. Because the juxtamembrane domain of MET is targeted by several proteolytic cleavages, involved in its degradation during cell death or under steady-state conditions, we evaluated the influence of these mutations on the MET proteolytic cleavages. In stably transfected epithelial cells expressing MET, the juxtamembrane mutations R970C, P991S, and T992I were found not to modify the known caspase or presenilin-dependent regulated intramembrane proteolysis. Yet when overexpressed, the R970C variant caused generation of an as yet undescribed 45-kDa fragment (p45 MET). This fragment was found in the confluent lung cancer cell line NCI-H1437 carrying the R970C mutation and at a lesser extent in cell lines expressing WT MET, suggesting that R970C mutation favors this cleavage. Generation of p45 MET required the activity of the calpain proteases, confirming the involvement of proteolysis. Ectopic expression of reconstituted p45 MET in epithelial cell lines favored cell scattering and invasion indicating active role of this fragment in HGF/SF induced responses. Hence, although the juxtamembrane mutations of MET do not affect its known proteolytic cleavages, the R970C MET variant favors calpain dependent proteolytic cleavage in lung cancer cells.
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165
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Zhang C, Chang C, Li D, Zhang F, Xu C. The novel protein C3orf43 accelerates hepatocyte proliferation. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2017; 22:21. [PMID: 28932249 PMCID: PMC5603091 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-017-0051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous study found that single-pass membrane protein with coiled-coil domains 1 (C3orf43; XM_006248472.3) was significantly upregulated in the proliferative phase during liver regeneration. This indicates that C3orf43 plays a vital role in liver cell proliferation. However, its physiological functions remains unclear. Methods The expressions of C3orf43 in BRL-3A cells transfected with C3orf43-siRNA (C3-siRNA) or overexpressing the vector plasmid pCDH-C3orf43 (pCDH-C3) were measured via RT-qPCR and western blot. Cell growth and proliferation were determined using MTT and flow cytometry. Cell proliferation-related gene expression was measured using RT-qPCR and western blot. Results It was found that upregulation of C3orf43 by pCDH-C3 promoted hepatocyte proliferation, and inhibition of C3orf43 by C3-siRNA led to the reduction of cell proliferation. The results of qRT-PCR and western blot assay showed that the C3-siRNA group downregulated the expression of cell proliferation-related genes like JUN, MYC, CCND1 and CCNA2, and the pCDH-C3 group upregulated the expression of those genes. Conclusion These findings reveal that C3orf43 may contribute to hepatocyte proliferation and may have the potential to promote liver repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046 China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007 China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007 China
| | - Deming Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007 China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046 China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007 China
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166
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Bachofner M, Speicher T, Bogorad RL, Muzumdar S, Derrer CP, Hürlimann F, Böhm F, Nanni P, Kockmann T, Kachaylo E, Meyer M, Padrissa-Altés S, Graf R, Anderson DG, Koteliansky V, Auf dem Keller U, Werner S. Large-Scale Quantitative Proteomics Identifies the Ubiquitin Ligase Nedd4-1 as an Essential Regulator of Liver Regeneration. Dev Cell 2017; 42:616-625.e8. [PMID: 28890072 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the only organ in mammals that fully regenerates even after major injury. To identify orchestrators of this regenerative response, we performed quantitative large-scale proteomics analysis of cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions from normal versus regenerating mouse liver. Proteins of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway were rapidly upregulated after two-third hepatectomy, with the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-1 being a top hit. In vivo knockdown of Nedd4-1 in hepatocytes through nanoparticle-mediated delivery of small interfering RNA caused severe liver damage and inhibition of cell proliferation after hepatectomy, resulting in liver failure. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Nedd4-1 is required for efficient internalization of major growth factor receptors involved in liver regeneration and their downstream mitogenic signaling. These results highlight the power of large-scale proteomics to identify key players in liver regeneration and the importance of posttranslational regulation of growth factor signaling in this process. Finally, they identify an essential function of Nedd4-1 in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bachofner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Speicher
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roman L Bogorad
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Division of Health Science Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sukalp Muzumdar
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carina P Derrer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Hürlimann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Böhm
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Nanni
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kockmann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Kachaylo
- Swiss HPB Center, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Meyer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susagna Padrissa-Altés
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Graf
- Swiss HPB Center, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Division of Health Science Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Health Science Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Victor Koteliansky
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, ul. Novaya, d.100, Skolkovo 143025, Russian Federation
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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167
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Potential mechanism of protection effect of exopolysaccharide from Lachnum YM406 and its derivatives on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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168
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Liver Regeneration: Analysis of the Main Relevant Signaling Molecules. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4256352. [PMID: 28947857 PMCID: PMC5602614 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4256352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a highly organized tissue regrowth process and is the most important reaction of the liver to injury. The overall process of liver regeneration includes three phases: priming stage, proliferative phase, and termination phase. The initial step aims to induce hepatocytes to be sensitive to growth factors with the aid of some cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6. The proliferation phase promotes hepatocytes to re-enter G1 with the stimulation of growth factors. While during the termination stage, hepatocytes will discontinue to proliferate to maintain normal liver mass and function. Except for cytokine- and growth factor-mediated pathways involved in regulating liver regeneration, new substances and technologies emerge to influence the regenerative process. Here, we reviewed novel and important signaling molecules involved in the process of liver regeneration to provide a cue for further research.
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169
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Yu J, Zhang W, Qian H, Tang H, Lin W, Lu B. SOCS1 regulates hepatic regenerative response and provides prognostic makers for acute obstructive cholangitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9482. [PMID: 28842621 PMCID: PMC5573403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute obstructive cholangitis (AOC) is a common and severe infectious diseases that occurs in an obstructed biliary system. The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family include well-known negative regulators of cytokine receptor signaling. However, few studies have been conducted to determine their function in AOC. In this study, we showed that SOCS1 expression aberrantly changed and was associated with AOC prognosis in rat models. Decreased SOCS1 expression enhances regenerative response after biliary drainage (BD) resulting from AOC by upregulating hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling. To detect SOCS1 expression in the liver less invasively and to predict the prognosis for AOC after BD, miR-221 and miR-222 were investigated. Ectopic SOCS1 expression indirectly decreases miR-221/222 expression through Met in vitro. An inverse correlation between SOCS1 expression and miR-221/222 expression in liver tissue or in serum was verified in rats. Serum from AOC patients showed that lower expression of circulating miR-221/222 after endoscopic nasobiliary drainage was associated with delayed restoration of liver function. Our results showed that SOCS1 regulates hepatic regenerative response, and indirectly detecting downstream molecules, such as miR-221/222, may provide prognostic makers for AOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Hongwei Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Haijun Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Weiguo Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Baochun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China.
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170
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DiCara DM, Chirgadze DY, Pope AR, Karatt-Vellatt A, Winter A, Slavny P, van den Heuvel J, Parthiban K, Holland J, Packman LC, Mavria G, Hoffmann J, Birchmeier W, Gherardi E, McCafferty J. Characterization and structural determination of a new anti-MET function-blocking antibody with binding epitope distinct from the ligand binding domain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9000. [PMID: 28827556 PMCID: PMC5567289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and motility factor Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor (HGF/SF) and its receptor, the product of the MET proto-oncogene, promote invasion and metastasis of tumor cells and have been considered potential targets for cancer therapy. We generated a new Met-blocking antibody which binds outside the ligand-binding site, and determined the crystal structure of the Fab in complex with its target, which identifies the binding site as the Met Ig1 domain. The antibody, 107_A07, inhibited HGF/SF-induced cell migration and proliferation in vitro and inhibited growth of tumor xenografts in vivo. In biochemical assays, 107_A07 competes with both HGF/SF and its truncated splice variant NK1 for MET binding, despite the location of the antibody epitope on a domain (Ig1) not reported to bind NK1 or HGF/SF. Overlay of the Fab-MET crystal structure with the InternalinB-MET crystal structure shows that the 107_A07 Fab comes into close proximity with the HGF/SF-binding SEMA domain when MET is in the “compact”, InternalinB-bound conformation, but not when MET is in the “open” conformation. These findings provide further support for the importance of the “compact” conformation of the MET extracellular domain, and the relevance of this conformation to HGF/SF binding and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M DiCara
- MRC Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QH, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.,Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, 94080, USA
| | - Dimitri Y Chirgadze
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Anthony R Pope
- IONTAS Ltd, Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Anja Winter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.,Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Peter Slavny
- IONTAS Ltd, Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Joop van den Heuvel
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kothai Parthiban
- IONTAS Ltd, Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Jane Holland
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Len C Packman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Georgia Mavria
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jens Hoffmann
- Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Walter Birchmeier
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ermanno Gherardi
- MRC Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QH, UK. .,Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK. .,Division of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, 1 via A Ferrata, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - John McCafferty
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK. .,IONTAS Ltd, Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3AT, UK.
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171
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Yılmaz Y, Güneş A, Topel H, Atabey N. Signaling Pathways as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Hepatocarcinogenesis. J Gastrointest Cancer 2017; 48:225-237. [PMID: 28819741 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-017-9958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Yılmaz
- Izmir International Biomedicine & Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşim Güneş
- Izmir International Biomedicine & Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hande Topel
- Izmir International Biomedicine & Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neşe Atabey
- Izmir International Biomedicine & Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
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172
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A Role for CD154, the CD40 Ligand, in Granulomatous Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:2982879. [PMID: 28785137 PMCID: PMC5529663 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2982879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulomatous inflammation is a distinctive form of chronic inflammation in which predominant cells include macrophages, epithelioid cells, and multinucleated giant cells. Mechanisms regulating granulomatous inflammation remain ill-understood. CD154, the ligand of CD40, is a key mediator of inflammation. CD154 confers a proinflammatory phenotype to macrophages and controls several macrophagic functions. Here, we studied the contribution of CD154 in a mouse model of toxic liver injury with carbon tetrachloride and a model of absorbable suture graft. In both models, granulomas are triggered in response to endogenous persistent liver calcified necrotic lesions or by grafted sutures. CD154-deficient mice showed delayed clearance of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver calcified necrotic lesions and impaired progression of suture-induced granuloma. In vitro, CD154 stimulated phagocytosis of opsonized erythrocytes by macrophages, suggesting a potential mechanism for the altered granulomatous inflammation in CD154KO mice. These results suggest that CD154 may contribute to the natural history of granulomatous inflammation.
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173
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Chae YK, Arya A, Chiec L, Shah H, Rosenberg A, Patel S, Raparia K, Choi J, Wainwright DA, Villaflor V, Cristofanilli M, Giles F. Challenges and future of biomarker tests in the era of precision oncology: Can we rely on immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to select the optimal patients for matched therapy? Oncotarget 2017; 8:100863-100898. [PMID: 29246028 PMCID: PMC5725070 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular techniques have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer development. These techniques have also fueled the rational development of targeted drugs for patient populations stratified by their genetic characteristics. These novel methods have changed the classic paradigm of diagnostic pathology; among them are IHC, FISH, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microarray technology. IHC and FISH detection methods for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) were recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as routine clinical practice for cancer patients. Here, we discuss general challenges related to the predictive power of these molecular biomarkers for targeted therapy in cancer medicine. We will also discuss the prospects of utilizing new biomarkers for fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (cMET/MET) targeted therapies for developing new and robust predictive biomarkers in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwang Chae
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ayush Arya
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Chiec
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiral Shah
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ari Rosenberg
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandip Patel
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kirtee Raparia
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Villaflor
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francis Giles
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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174
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Salgia R. MET in Lung Cancer: Biomarker Selection Based on Scientific Rationale. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:555-565. [PMID: 28373408 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MET or hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor pathway signaling mediates wound healing and hepatic regeneration, with pivotal roles in embryonic, neuronal, and muscle development. However, dysregulation of MET signaling mediates proliferation, apoptosis, and migration and is implicated in a number of malignancies. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), aberrant MET signaling can occur through a number of mechanisms that collectively represent a significant proportion of patients. These include MET or HGF protein overexpression, MET gene amplification, MET gene mutation or fusion/rearrangement, or aberrations in downstream signaling or regulatory components. Responses to MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been documented in clinical trials in patients with MET-amplified or MET-overexpressing NSCLC, and case studies or case series have shown that MET mutation/deletion is a biomarker that is also predictive of response to these agents. However, other recent clinical data have highlighted an urgent need to elucidate optimal biomarkers based on genetic and/or protein diagnostics to correctly identify patients most likely to benefit in ongoing clinical trials of an array of MET-targeted therapies of differing class. The latest advances in the development of MET biomarkers in NSCLC have been reviewed, toward establishing appropriate MET biomarker selection based on a scientific rationale. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 555-65. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Salgia
- City of Hope, Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Duarte, California.
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175
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Wang K, Li Y, Zhu T, Zhang Y, Li W, Lin W, Li J, Zhu C. Overexpression of c-Met in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improves their effectiveness in homing and repair of acute liver failure. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:162. [PMID: 28679425 PMCID: PMC5499016 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has emerged as a novel therapy for acute liver failure (ALF). However, the homing efficiency of BMSCs to the injured liver sites appears to be poor. In this study, we aimed to determine if overexpression of c-Met in BMSCs could promote the homing ability of BMSCs to rat livers affected by ALF. Methods Overexpression of c-Met in BMSCs (c-Met-BMSCs) was attained by transfection of naive BMSCs with the lenti-c-Met-GFP. The impact of transplanted c-Met-BMSCs on both homing and repair of ALF was evaluated and compared with lenti-GFP empty vector transfected BMSCs (control BMSCs). Results After cells were transfected with the lenti-c-Met-GFP vector, the BMSCs displayed very high expression of c-Met protein as demonstrated by Western blot. In addition, in vitro transwell migration assays showed that the migration ability of c-Met-BMSCs was significantly increased in comparison with that of control BMSCs (P < 0.05), and was dependent on hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Furthermore, rats with ALF that received transplanted c-Met-BMSCs showed significantly improved homing ability to the injured liver; this was accompanied by elevated survival rates and liver function in the ALF rats. Parallel pathological examination further confirmed that transplantation of c-Met-BMSCs ameliorated liver injury with reduced hepatic activity index (HAI) scores, and that the effects of c-Met-BMSCs were more profound than those of control BMSCs. Conclusions Overexpression of c-Met promotes the homing of BMSCs to injured hepatic sites in a rat model of ALF, thereby improving the efficacy of BMSC therapy for ALF repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongting Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyu Lin
- Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanlong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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176
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Targeting the hepatocyte growth factor/Met pathway in cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:855-870. [PMID: 28673936 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced activation of its cell surface receptor, the Met tyrosine kinase, drives mitogenesis, motogenesis and morphogenesis in a wide spectrum of target cell types and embryologic, developmental and homeostatic contexts. Typical paracrine HGF/Met signaling is regulated by HGF activation at target cell surfaces, HGF binding-induced receptor activation, internalization and degradation. Despite these controls, HGF/Met signaling contributes to oncogenesis, tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness, and tumor metastasis in many types of cancer, leading to the rapid growth of pathway-targeted anticancer drug development programs. We review here HGF and Met structure and function, basic properties of HGF/Met pathway antagonists now in clinical development, and recent clinical trial results. Presently, the main challenges facing the effective use of HGF/Met-targeted antagonists for cancer treatment include optimal patient selection, diagnostic and pharmacodynamic biomarker development, and the identification and testing of effective therapy combinations. The wealth of basic information, analytical reagents and model systems available regarding normal and oncogenic HGF/Met signaling will continue to be invaluable in meeting these challenges and moving expeditiously toward more effective cancer treatment.
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177
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Molla NW, Hassanain MM, Fadel Z, Boucher LM, Madkhali A, Altahan RM, Alrijraji EA, Simoneau EB, Alamri H, Salman A, Gao Z, Metrakos PP. Effect of non-alcoholic liver disease on recurrence rate and liver regeneration after liver resection for colorectal liver metastases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:e233-e243. [PMID: 28680292 DOI: 10.3747/co.24.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resection of metastases is the only potential cure for patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer (crc-lm). But despite an improved overall 5-year survival, the recurrence rate is still as high as 60%. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) can decrease the liver's capacity to regenerate after resection and might also affect cancer recurrence, potentially by elevating transforming growth factor β, levels of specific metalloproteinases, and oxidative stress. The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of the histologic features of nafld on cancer recurrence and liver regeneration. METHODS This retrospective analysis considered 60 patients who underwent an R0 hepatectomy for crc-lm. Volumetric analysis of the liver was calculated using axial view, portovenous phase, 2.5 mm thickness, multiphasic computed tomography images taken before and after surgery. The histologic features of nafld (steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning) were scored using the nafld activity score, and the degree of fibrosis was determined. RESULTS The hepatic recurrence rate was 38.33%. Median overall survival duration was 56 months. Median disease-free survival duration was 14 months, and median hepatic disease-free survival duration was 56 months. Multivariate analysis revealed significant correlations of hepatic disease-free survival with hepatocyte ballooning (p = 0.0009), lesion diameter (p = 0.014), and synchronous disease (p = 0.006). Univariate and multivariate analyses did not reveal any correlation with degree of steatosis or recurrence rate. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals an important potential negative effect of hepatocyte ballooning on hepatic disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Molla
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and.,Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC.,Department of Radiology and
| | - M M Hassanain
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and.,Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z Fadel
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and
| | - L M Boucher
- Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - A Madkhali
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and.,Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R M Altahan
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and
| | - E A Alrijraji
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and
| | - E B Simoneau
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and
| | - H Alamri
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and.,Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Salman
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and
| | - Z Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - P P Metrakos
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatopancreatobiliary, and.,Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
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178
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Tang Q, Wang L, Duan Y, Wang W, Huang S, Zhi J, Jia S, Zhu W, Wang P, Luo R, Zheng P. Discovery of novel 7-azaindole derivatives bearing dihydropyridazine moiety as c-Met kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 133:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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179
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Li HM, Ye ZH. Microenvironment of liver regeneration in liver cancer. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 23:555-560. [PMID: 28523536 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and development of liver cancer are essentially the most serious outcomes of uncontrolled liver regeneration. The progression of liver cancer is inevitably related to the abnormal microenvironment of liver regeneration. The deterioration observed in the microenvironment of liver regeneration is a necessary condition for the occurrence, development and metastasis of cancer. Therefore, the use of a technique to prevent and treat liver cancer via changes in the microenvironment of liver regeneration is a novel strategy. This strategy would be an effective way to delay, prevent or even reverse cancer occurrence, development and metastasis through an improvement in the liver regeneration microenvironment along with the integrated regulation of multiple components, targets, levels, channels and time sequences. In addition, the treatment of "tonifying Shen (Kidney) to regulate liver regeneration and repair by affecting stem cells and their microenvironment" can regulate "the dynamic imbalance between the normal liver regeneration and the abnormal liver regeneration"; this would improve the microenvironment of liver regeneration, which is also a mechanism by which liver cancer may be prevented or treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Min Li
- Institute of Application Foundation and Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China. .,Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zhi-Hua Ye
- Institute of Application Foundation and Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
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180
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Wang Y, Yu A, Yu FX. The Hippo pathway in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Protein Cell 2017; 8:349-359. [PMID: 28130761 PMCID: PMC5413598 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While several organs in mammals retain partial regenerative capability following tissue damage, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, the Hippo signaling pathway, better known for its function in organ size control, has been shown to play a pivotal role in regulating tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Upon tissue injury, the activity of YAP, the major effector of the Hippo pathway, is transiently induced, which in turn promotes expansion of tissue-resident progenitors and facilitates tissue regeneration. In this review, with a general focus on the Hippo pathway, we will discuss its major components, functions in stem cell biology, involvement in tissue regeneration in different organs, and potential strategies for developing Hippo pathway-targeted regenerative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aijuan Yu
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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181
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Revel-Mouroz P, Otal P, Jaffro M, Petermann A, Meyrignac O, Rabinel P, Mokrane FZ. Other non-surgical treatments for liver cancer. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2017; 22:181-192. [PMID: 28490991 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventional radiology plays a major role in the modern management of liver cancers, in primary hepatic malignancies or metastases and in palliative or curative situations. Radiological treatments are divided in two categories based on their approach: endovascular treatment and direct transcapsular access. Endovascular treatments include mainly three applications: transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), transarterial radioembolization (TARE) and portal vein embolization (PVE). TACE and TARE share an endovascular arterial approach, consisting of a selective catheterization of the hepatic artery or its branches. Subsequently, either a chemotherapy (TACE) or radioembolic (TARE) agent is injected in the target vessel to act on the tumor. PVE raises the volume of the future liver remnant in extended hepatectomy by embolizing a portal vein territory which results in hepatic regeneration. Direct transcapsular access treatments involve mainly three techniques: radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA), microwave thermal ablation (MWA) and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI). RFA and MWA procedures are almost identical, their clinical applications are similar. A probe is deployed directly into the tumor to generate heat and coagulation necrosis. PEI has known implications based on the chemical toxicity of intra-tumoral injection with highly concentrated alcohol by a thin needle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Revel-Mouroz
- Department of Radiology, Rangueil Hospital, 1, avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Otal
- Department of Radiology, Rangueil Hospital, 1, avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Marion Jaffro
- Department of Radiology, Rangueil Hospital, 1, avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Petermann
- Department of Radiology, Rangueil Hospital, 1, avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Meyrignac
- Department of Radiology, Rangueil Hospital, 1, avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Rabinel
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Rangueil Hospital, 1, avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Fatima-Zohra Mokrane
- Department of Radiology, Rangueil Hospital, 1, avenue du Pr Jean Poulhès TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse Cedex, France
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182
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Differential Regulation of Cyclin E by Yorkie-Scalloped Signaling in Organ Development. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2017; 7:1049-1060. [PMID: 28143945 PMCID: PMC5345706 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.039065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue integrity and homeostasis are accomplished through strict spatial and temporal regulation of cell growth and proliferation during development. Various signaling pathways have emerged as major growth regulators across metazoans; yet, how differential growth within a tissue is spatiotemporally coordinated remains largely unclear. Here, we report a role of a growth modulator Yorkie (Yki), the Drosophila homolog of Yes-associated protein (YAP), that differentially regulates its targets in Drosophila wing imaginal discs; whereby Yki interacts with its transcriptional partner, Scalloped (Sd), the homolog of the TEAD/TEF family transcription factor in mammals, to control an essential cell cycle regulator Cyclin E (CycE). Interestingly, when Yki was coexpressed with Fizzy-related (Fzr), a Drosophila endocycle inducer and homolog of Cdh1 in mammals, surrounding hinge cells displayed larger nuclear size than distal pouch cells. The observed size difference is attributable to differential regulation of CycE, a target of Yki and Sd, the latter of which can directly bind to CycE regulatory sequences, and is expressed only in the pouch region of the wing disc starting from the late second-instar larval stage. During earlier stages of larval development, when Sd expression was not detected in the wing disc, coexpression of Fzr and Yki did not cause size differences between cells along the proximal–distal axis of the disc. We show that ectopic CycE promoted cell proliferation and apoptosis, and inhibited transcriptional activity of Yki targets. These findings suggest that spatiotemporal expression of transcription factor Sd induces differential growth regulation by Yki during wing disc development, highlighting coordination between Yki and CycE to control growth and maintain homeostasis.
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183
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Choi YJ, Kim JH, Rho JK, Kim JS, Choi CM, Kim WS, Son J, Lee JC. AXL and MET receptor tyrosine kinases are essential for lung cancer metastasis. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2201-2208. [PMID: 28260071 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The AXL and MET receptors regulate key processes in tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance; thus, they have recently been implicated as promising therapeutic targets in various tumors. We investigated the metastatic potential and crosstalk between these receptors in non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We found that the treatment of NSCLC cells with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6), as ligands for MET and AXL, respectively, promoted their migration and invasion ability. However, treatment with inhibitors of each of these receptors significantly reduced the migratory and invasiveness of the cells, although their inhibitory rates varied according to the inhibition of each receptor. In addition, the suppression of each receptor by shRNA resulted in reduced migration and invasiveness. Notably, the suppression of AXL was more effective than the suppression of MET in the inhibition of migration and invasion. In accordance with in vitro results, when the cells were transferred via tail vein injection, AXL inhibition was more efficient in attenuating metastasis than MET inhibition. Clinically, AXL or MET expression is associated with a poor prognosis in primary tumors of NSCLC. In summary, AXL and MET can regulate tumor metastasis, but AXL was shown to be more potent than MET in lung metastasis. Thus, we conclude that AXL might be a suitable therapeutic target for the inhibition of lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jung Choi
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Rho
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Sun Kim
- Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Choi
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sung Kim
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyoung Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
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184
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Chang W, Song L, Chang X, Ji M, Wang H, Qin X, Niu W. Early activated hepatic stellate cell-derived paracrine molecules modulate acute liver injury and regeneration. J Transl Med 2017; 97:318-328. [PMID: 27991908 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of paracrine action from early activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) on resident liver epithelium cells are not clear. Here, we investigated whether a systemic infusion of early activated HSC-derived paracrine factors (HSC-CM) would evoke an enhanced liver protective response in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice and explored the possible underlying mechanisms. The survival rate, liver injury, and liver regeneration were analyzed in mice with or without HSC-CM treatment in vivo. A systemic infusion of HSC-CM provided a significant survival benefit in APAP-induced ALI. HSC-CM therapy resulted in a reduction of hepatocellular death and increased numbers of both proliferating hepatocytes and adult hepatic progenitor cells (AHPCs) with up-regulation of liver regeneration relevant genes. The HSC-CM treatment reduced leukocyte infiltration and down-regulated systemic inflammation with decreases in IFN-γ, IL-1ra, IL-1β, TNF-α, and increases in IL-10. The direct anti-death and pro-regeneration effects of HSC-CM on AHPCs were demonstrated using in vitro assays. Treatment with HSC-CM promoted AHPCs proliferation and resulted in increased pAkt expression in vitro, and this effect was abolished by the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. These data provide evidence that early activated HSC-CM therapy offered trophic support to the acutely injured liver by inhibiting liver cell death and stimulating regeneration, potentially creating a new method for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of General Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lujun Song
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of General Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Chang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Treatment and Research Center for Liver Cancer Department, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of General Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongshan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of General Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of General Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixin Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of General Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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185
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Cortot AB, Kherrouche Z, Descarpentries C, Wislez M, Baldacci S, Furlan A, Tulasne D. Exon 14 Deleted MET Receptor as a New Biomarker and Target in Cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:2982828. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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186
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Gonçalves LA, Rodo J, Rodrigues-Duarte L, de Moraes LV, Penha-Gonçalves C. HGF Secreted by Activated Kupffer Cells Induces Apoptosis of Plasmodium-Infected Hepatocytes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:90. [PMID: 28220125 PMCID: PMC5292919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria liver stage infection is an obligatory parasite development step and represents a population bottleneck in Plasmodium infections, providing an advantageous target for blocking parasite cycle progression. Parasite development inside hepatocytes implies a gross cellular insult evoking innate host responses to counteract intra-hepatocytic infection. Using primary hepatocyte cultures, we investigated the role of Kupffer cell-derived hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in malaria liver stage infection. We found that Kupffer cells from Plasmodium-infected livers produced high levels of HGF, which trigger apoptosis of infected hepatocytes through a mitochondrial-independent apoptosis pathway. HGF action in infected hepatocyte primary cultures results in a potent reduction of parasite yield by specifically sensitizing hepatocytes carrying established parasite exo-erythrocytic forms to undergo apoptosis. This apoptosis mechanism is distinct from cell death that is spontaneously induced in infected cultures and is governed by Fas signaling modulation through a mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway. This work indicates that HGF and Fas signaling pathways are part of an orchestrated host apoptosis response that occurs during malaria liver stage infection, decreasing the success of infection of individual hepatocytes. Our results raise the hypothesis that paracrine signals derived from Kupffer cell activation are implicated in directing death of hepatocytes infected with the malaria parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joana Rodo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência , Oeiras , Portugal
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187
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Imamura R, Matsumoto K. Hepatocyte growth factor in physiology and infectious diseases. Cytokine 2017; 98:97-106. [PMID: 28094206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine composed of an α-chain and a β-chain, and these chains contain four kringle domains and a serine protease-like structure, respectively. The receptor for HGF was identified as the c-met proto-oncogene product of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase. HGF-induced signaling through the receptor Met provokes dynamic biological responses that support morphogenesis, regeneration, and the survival of various cells and tissues, which includes hepatocytes, renal tubular cells, and neurons. Characterization of tissue-specific Met knockout mice has further indicated that the HGF-Met system modulates immune cell functions and also plays an inhibitory role in the progression of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. However, the biological actions that are driven by the HGF-Met pathway all play a role in the acquisition of the malignant characteristics in tumor cells, such as invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance in the tumor microenvironment. Even though oncogenic Met signaling remains the major research focus, the HGF-Met axis has also been implicated in infectious diseases. Many pathogens try to utilize host HGF-Met system to establish comfortable environment for infection. Their strategies are not only simply change the expression level of HGF or Met, but also actively hijack HGF-Met system and deregulating Met signaling using their pathogenic factors. Consequently, the monitoring of HGF and Met expression, along with real-time detection of Met activation, can be a beneficial biomarker of these infectious diseases. Preclinical studies designed to address the therapeutic significance of HGF have been performed on injury/disease models, including acute tissue injury, chronic fibrosis, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Likewise, manipulating the HGF-Met system with complete control will lead to a tailor made treatment for those infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Imamura
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kunio Matsumoto
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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188
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Perez RA, Jung CR, Kim HW. Biomaterials and Culture Technologies for Regenerative Therapy of Liver Tissue. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 27860372 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative approach has emerged to substitute the current extracorporeal technologies for the treatment of diseased and damaged liver tissue. This is based on the use of biomaterials that modulate the responses of hepatic cells through the unique matrix properties tuned to recapitulate regenerative functions. Cells in liver preserve their phenotype or differentiate through the interactions with extracellular matrix molecules. Therefore, the intrinsic properties of the engineered biomaterials, such as stiffness and surface topography, need to be tailored to induce appropriate cellular functions. The matrix physical stimuli can be combined with biochemical cues, such as immobilized functional groups or the delivered actions of signaling molecules. Furthermore, the external modulation of cells, through cocultures with nonparenchymal cells (e.g., endothelial cells) that can signal bioactive molecules, is another promising avenue to regenerate liver tissue. This review disseminates the recent approaches of regenerating liver tissue, with a focus on the development of biomaterials and the related culture technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A. Perez
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN); Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
- Regenerative Medicine Research Institute; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona 08017 Spain
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Gene Therapy Research Unit; KRIBB; 125 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN); Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science; Dankook University Dental College; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
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189
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Jeon HM, Lee J. MET: roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:5. [PMID: 28164090 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In a number of cancers, deregulated MET pathway leads to aberrantly activated proliferative and invasive signaling programs that promote malignant transformation, cell motility and migration, angiogenesis, survival in hypoxia, and invasion. A better understanding of oncogenic MET signaling will help us to discover effective therapeutic approaches and to identify which tumors are likely to respond to MET-targeted cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize the roles of MET signaling in cancer, with particular focus on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness. Then, we will provide update on MET targeting agents and discuss the challenges that should be overcome for the development of an effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Min Jeon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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190
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Ding BS, Liu CH, Sun Y, Chen Y, Swendeman SL, Jung B, Chavez D, Cao Z, Christoffersen C, Nielsen LB, Schwab SR, Rafii S, Hla T. HDL activation of endothelial sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P 1) promotes regeneration and suppresses fibrosis in the liver. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e87058. [PMID: 28018969 PMCID: PMC5161208 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of hepatic sinusoidal vasculature is essential for non-fibrotic liver regrowth and restoration of its metabolic capacity. However, little is known about how this specialized vascular niche is regenerated. Here we show that activation of endothelial sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1) by its natural ligand bound to HDL (HDL-S1P) induces liver regeneration and curtails fibrosis. In mice lacking HDL-S1P, liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy was impeded and associated with aberrant vascular remodeling, thrombosis and peri-sinusoidal fibrosis. Notably, this "maladaptive repair" phenotype was recapitulated in mice that lack S1P1 in the endothelium. Reciprocally, enhanced plasma levels of HDL-S1P or administration of SEW2871, a pharmacological agonist specific for S1P1 enhanced regeneration of metabolically functional vasculature and alleviated fibrosis in mouse chronic injury and cholestasis models. This study shows that natural and pharmacological ligands modulate endothelial S1P1 to stimulate liver regeneration and inhibit fibrosis, suggesting that activation of this pathway may be a novel therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Sen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Catherine H Liu
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Steven L Swendeman
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.,Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bongnam Jung
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Deebly Chavez
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhongwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Lars Bo Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan R Schwab
- Department of Pathology, Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.,Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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191
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Miekus K. The Met tyrosine kinase receptor as a therapeutic target and a potential cancer stem cell factor responsible for therapy resistance (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 37:647-656. [PMID: 27959446 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The MET tyrosine kinase receptor plays an important role during tumor development and progression being responsible for proliferation, morphogenetic transformation, cell motility and invasiveness. High expression of the MET receptor has been shown to correlate with increased tumor growth and metastasis, poor prognosis and resistance to radiotherapy. Moreover, MET expression and activation has been shown to be associated with therapy resistance. The occurrence of resistance to targeted therapy might be related to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are a subpopulation of cells in the tumor that possess the ability of self-renewal, clonogenicity, radioresistance and self-sustained protection from apoptosis. Recently, MET has been postulated as an essential factor supporting the functional stem cell phenotype in some tumors and as a CSC factor is believed to be responsible for therapy resistance. This review presents the results from recent studies identifying MET as a potential marker of CSCs and tumor initiating cells, demonstrating pivotal role of MET in supporting stem cell phenotype and indicating the role of MET in acquiring resistance to antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Miekus
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
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192
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Paranjpe S, Bowen WC, Mars WM, Orr A, Haynes MM, DeFrances MC, Liu S, Tseng GC, Tsagianni A, Michalopoulos GK. Combined systemic elimination of MET and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling completely abolishes liver regeneration and leads to liver decompensation. Hepatology 2016; 64:1711-1724. [PMID: 27397846 PMCID: PMC5074871 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Receptor tyrosine kinases MET and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are critically involved in initiation of liver regeneration. Other cytokines and signaling molecules also participate in the early part of the process. Regeneration employs effective redundancy schemes to compensate for the missing signals. Elimination of any single extracellular signaling pathway only delays but does not abolish the process. Our present study, however, shows that combined systemic elimination of MET and EGFR signaling (MET knockout + EGFR-inhibited mice) abolishes liver regeneration, prevents restoration of liver mass, and leads to liver decompensation. MET knockout or simply EGFR-inhibited mice had distinct and signaling-specific alterations in Ser/Thr phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin, AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2, phosphatase and tensin homolog, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α, etc. In the combined MET and EGFR signaling elimination of MET knockout + EGFR-inhibited mice, however, alterations dependent on either MET or EGFR combined to create shutdown of many programs vital to hepatocytes. These included decrease in expression of enzymes related to fatty acid metabolism, urea cycle, cell replication, and mitochondrial functions and increase in expression of glycolysis enzymes. There was, however, increased expression of genes of plasma proteins. Hepatocyte average volume decreased to 35% of control, with a proportional decrease in the dimensions of the hepatic lobules. Mice died at 15-18 days after hepatectomy with ascites, increased plasma ammonia, and very small livers. CONCLUSION MET and EGFR separately control many nonoverlapping signaling endpoints, allowing for compensation when only one of the signals is blocked, though the combined elimination of the signals is not tolerated; the results provide critical new information on interactive MET and EGFR signaling and the contribution of their combined absence to regeneration arrest and liver decompensation. (Hepatology 2016;64:1711-1724).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirish Paranjpe
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - William C. Bowen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Wendy M. Mars
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Anne Orr
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Meagan M. Haynes
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - George C. Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
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193
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Scheving LA, Zhang X, Threadgill DW, Russell WE. Hepatocyte ERBB3 and EGFR are required for maximal CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G807-G816. [PMID: 27586651 PMCID: PMC5130544 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00423.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligands have been implicated in liver fibrosis. However, it has not been directly shown that hepatocellular genetic ablation of either this receptor tyrosine kinase or ERBB3, its interactive signaling partner, affects hepatic fibrosis. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in hepatocyte-specific (HS) mouse models of EGFR and ERBB3 ablation was evaluated in both single gene knockouts and an HS-EGFR-ERBB3 double knockout (DKO). Loss of hepatocellular EGFR or ERBB3 did not impact cytochrome P450-2E1 expression, the extent of centrilobular injury, or the initial regenerative response, but it did diminish liver fibrosis induced by chronic intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 The reduction of liver fibrosis correlated with reduced α-smooth muscle actin expression. Maximal impact to fibrogenesis occurred in the ERBB3 and EGFR-ERBB3 DKO models, suggesting that EGFR-ERBB3 heterodimeric signaling in damaged hepatocytes may play a more important role in liver fibrosis than EGFR-EGFR homodimeric signaling. Immunohistochemical analyses of phospho-EGFR and phospho-ERBB3 isoforms revealed clear staining in hepatocytes, activated stellate cells, and macrophages. Our results support a role for the hepatocellular ERBB tyrosine kinases in fibrogenesis and suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of EGFR-ERBB3 signaling may reverse or retard hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A. Scheving
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Xiuqi Zhang
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - David W. Threadgill
- 6Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and ,7Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - William E. Russell
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ,2Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ,3Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ,4Vanderbilt Diabetes Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ,5Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
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194
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The novel c-Met inhibitor capmatinib mitigates diethylnitrosamine acute liver injury in mice. Toxicol Lett 2016; 261:13-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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195
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Liu J, Nie M, Wang Y, Hu J, Zhang F, Gao Y, Liu Y, Gong P. Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel 4-phenoxyquinoline derivatives containing 1,2,4-triazolone moiety as c-Met kinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:431-446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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196
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The MET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Confers Repair of Murine Pancreatic Acinar Cells following Acute and Chronic Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165485. [PMID: 27798657 PMCID: PMC5087859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinar cells represent the primary target in necroinflammatory diseases of the pancreas, including pancreatitis. The signaling pathways guiding acinar cell repair and regeneration following injury remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor/MET signaling as an intrinsic repair mechanism for acinar cells following acute damage and chronic alcohol-associated injury. Here, we generated mice with targeted deletion of MET in adult acinar cells (MET-/-). Acute and repetitive pancreatic injury was induced in MET-/- and control mice with cerulein, and chronic injury by feeding mice Lieber-DeCarli diets containing alcohol with or without enhancement of repetitive pancreatic injury. We examined the exocrine pancreas of these mice histologically for acinar death, edema, inflammation and collagen deposition and changes in the transcriptional program. We show that MET expression is relatively low in normal adult pancreas. However, MET levels were elevated in ductal and acinar cells in human pancreatitis specimens, consistent with a role for MET in an adaptive repair mechanism. We report that genetic deletion of MET in adult murine acinar cells was linked to increased acinar cell death, chronic inflammation and delayed recovery (regeneration) of pancreatic exocrine tissue. Notably, increased pancreatic collagen deposition was detected in MET knockout mice following repetitive injury as well alcohol-associated injury. Finally, we identified specific alterations of the pancreatic transcriptome associated with MET signaling during injury, involved in tissue repair, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Together, these data demonstrate the importance of MET signaling for acinar repair and regeneration, a novel finding that could attenuate the symptomology of pancreatic injury.
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197
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Choi JW, Kim YS, Park JK, Song EH, Park JH, Kim MS, Shin YS, Kim CH. Controlled Release of Hepatocyte Growth Factor from MPEG-b-(PCL-ran-PLLA) Diblock Copolymer for Improved Vocal Fold Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [PMID: 27648819 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An in situ-forming gel system comprised of diblock copolymer formed from polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polycaprolactone (PCL) {MPEG-b-(PCL-ran-PLLA)} could be used in controlled drug delivery for tissue remodeling. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate favorable vocal folds (VF) regeneration by using MPEG-b-(PCL-ran-PLLA) diblock copolymers (C97L3; CL/LA ratio 97:3) incorporating hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Gradual release of HGF from C97L3 is detected and biochemical properties of released HGF are maintained. A scar is made with microscissors on both VFs in 32 rabbits, followed by injection of HGF-only, C97L3-only, or HGF-C97L3 composite gel in the left side VF, while the right side VF is left untreated. In vivo fluorescence live imaging system demonstrates that C97L3 enables the sustained release of injected HGF in the scarred VF for 12 weeks. The histological analysis shows increased glycosaminoglycan including hyaluronic acid accumulation and decreased collagen deposition. Videokymographic analysis shows more favorable vibrations of HGF-C97L3 treated VF mucosa, compared to other treatment groups. In conclusion, the controlled HGF release helps to regulate extracellular matrix synthesis, and leads to the eventual functional improvement of the scarred VF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 16499 Suwon, Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 16499 Suwon, Korea
| | - Ju Kyeong Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 16499 Suwon, Korea.,Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 16499 Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 16499 Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 16499 Suwon, Korea
| | - Moon Suk Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 16499 Suwon, Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 16499 Suwon, Korea.,Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 16499 Suwon, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, 16499 Suwon, Korea.,Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 16499 Suwon, Korea
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198
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Stella GM, Gentile A, Baderacchi A, Meloni F, Milan M, Benvenuti S. Ockham's razor for the MET-driven invasive growth linking idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer. J Transl Med 2016; 14:256. [PMID: 27590450 PMCID: PMC5010719 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) identifies a specific lung disorder characterized by chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown etiology, which lacks effective treatment. According to the current pathogenic perspective, the aberrant proliferative events in IPF resemble those occurring during malignant transformation. MAIN BODY Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are known to be key players in cancer onset and progression. It has been demonstrated that RTK expression is sometimes also altered and even druggable in IPF. One example of an RTK-the MET proto-oncogene-is a key regulator of invasive growth. This physiological genetic program supports embryonic development and post-natal organ regeneration, as well as cooperating in the evolution of cancer metastasis when aberrantly activated. Growing evidence sustains that MET activation may collaborate in maintaining tissue plasticity and the regenerative potential that characterizes IPF. CONCLUSION The present work aims to elucidate-by applying the logic of simplicity-the bio-molecular mechanisms involved in MET activation in IPF. This clarification is crucial to accurately design MET blockade strategies within a fully personalized approach to IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia M. Stella
- Pneumology Unit, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, Piazzale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Investigational Clinical Oncology (INCO), IRCCS Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, Candiolo, 20060 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Experimental Clinical Molecular Oncology (ECMO), IRCCS Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, Candiolo, 20060 Turin, Italy
| | - Alice Baderacchi
- Investigational Clinical Oncology (INCO), IRCCS Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, Candiolo, 20060 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Meloni
- Pneumology Unit, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, Piazzale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Melissa Milan
- Experimental Clinical Molecular Oncology (ECMO), IRCCS Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, Candiolo, 20060 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Benvenuti
- Experimental Clinical Molecular Oncology (ECMO), IRCCS Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, Candiolo, 20060 Turin, Italy
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199
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Pérez-Calvo JI, Morales-Rull JL, Gimeno-Orna JA, Lasierra-Díaz P, Josa-Laorden C, Puente-Lanzarote JJ, Bettencourt P, Pascual-Figal DA. Usefulness of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Heart Failure Regardless of Ejection Fraction. Am J Cardiol 2016; 118:543-9. [PMID: 27338207 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a role in the improvement of cardiac function and remodeling. Their serum levels are strongly related with mortality in chronic systolic heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to study prognostic value of HGF in acute HF, interaction with ejection fraction, renal function, and natriuretic peptides. We included 373 patients (age 76 ± 10 years, left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 46 ± 14%, 48% men) consecutively admitted for acute HF. Blood samples were obtained at admission. All patients were followed up until death or close of study (>1 year, median 371 days). HGF concentrations were determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (human HGF immunoassay). The predictive power of HGF was estimated by Cox regression with calculation of Harrell C-statistic. HGF had a median of 1,942 pg/ml (interquartile rank 1,354). According to HGF quartiles, mortality rates (per 1,000 patients/year) were 98, 183, 375, and 393, respectively (p <0.001). In Cox regression analysis, HGF (hazard ratio1SD = 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.1, p = 0.002) and N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP; hazard ratio1SD = 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 2.6, p = 0.002) were independent predictors of mortality. Interaction between HGF and LVEF, origin, and renal function was nonsignificant. The addition of HGF improved the predictive ability of the models (C-statistic 0.768 vs 0.741, p = 0.016). HGF showed a complementary value over NT-proBNP (p = 0.001): mortality rate was 490 with both above the median versus 72 with both below. In conclusion, in patients with acute HF, serum HGF concentrations are elevated and identify patients at higher risk of mortality, regardless of LVEF, ischemic origin, or renal function. HGF had independent and additive information over NT-proBNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Ignacio Pérez-Calvo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - José-Luis Morales-Rull
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "Arnau de Villanova", Lleida, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Gimeno-Orna
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Lasierra-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Claudia Josa-Laorden
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Paulo Bettencourt
- Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital CUF-Porto, Faculdade Medicina Porto, Portugal
| | - Domingo A Pascual-Figal
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario "Virgen de la Arrixaca", Facultad de Medicina, Murcia, Spain
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200
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Ugolini A, Kenigsberg M, Rak A, Vallée F, Houtmann J, Lowinski M, Capdevila C, Khider J, Albert E, Martinet N, Nemecek C, Grapinet S, Bacqué E, Roesner M, Delaisi C, Calvet L, Bonche F, Semiond D, Egile C, Goulaouic H, Schio L. Discovery and Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacological Properties of the Potent and Selective MET Kinase Inhibitor 1-{6-[6-(4-Fluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-ylsulfanyl]benzothiazol-2-yl}-3-(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)urea (SAR125844). J Med Chem 2016; 59:7066-74. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manfred Roesner
- Sanofi-Aventis Germany GmbH, Industriepark
Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Dorothée Semiond
- Disposition,
Safety and Animal Research, Sanofi, 1 Avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
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