151
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Continuum model of mechanical interactions between biological cells and artificial nanostructures. Biointerphases 2010; 5:37-44. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3431960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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152
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Yum K, Yu MF, Wang N, Xiang YK. Biofunctionalized nanoneedles for the direct and site-selective delivery of probes into living cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2010; 1810:330-8. [PMID: 20580773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accessing the interior of live cells with minimal intrusiveness for visualizing, probing, and interrogating biological processes has been the ultimate goal of much of the biological experimental development. SCOPE OF REVIEW The recent development and use of the biofunctionalized nanoneedles for local and spatially controlled intracellular delivery brings in exciting new opportunities in accessing the interior of living cells. Here we review the technical aspect of this relatively new intracellular delivery method and the related demonstrations and studies and provide our perspectives on the potential wide applications of this new nanotechnology-based tool in the biological field, especially on its use for high-resolution studies of biological processes in living cells. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Different from the traditional micropipette-based needles for intracellular injection, a nanoneedle deploys a sub-100-nm-diameter solid nanowire as a needle to penetrate a cell membrane and to transfer and deliver the biological cargo conjugated onto its surface to the target regions inside a cell. Although the traditional micropipette-based needles can be more efficient in delivery biological cargoes, a nanoneedle-based delivery system offers an efficient introduction of biomolecules into living cells with high spatiotemporal resolution but minimal intrusion and damage. It offers a potential solution to quantitatively address biological processes at the nanoscale. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The nanoneedle-based cell delivery system provides new possibilities for efficient, specific, and precise introduction of biomolecules into living cells for high-resolution studies of biological processes, and it has potential application in addressing broad biological questions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Nanotechnologies - Emerging Applications in Biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsuk Yum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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153
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Takahashi Y, Murakami Y, Nagamine K, Shiku H, Aoyagi S, Yasukawa T, Kanzaki M, Matsue T. Topographic imaging of convoluted surface of live cells by scanning ion conductance microscopy in a standing approach mode. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:10012-7. [PMID: 20485766 DOI: 10.1039/c002607g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) using a nanopipette as a probe and ionic current as a feedback signal was introduced as a novel technique to study live cells in a physiological environment. To avoid contact between the pipette tip and cells during the conventional lateral scanning mode, we adopted a standing approach (STA) mode in which the probe was moved vertically to first approach and then retracted from the cell surface at each measurement point on an XY plane. The STA mode ensured non-contact imaging of the topography of live cells and for a wide range of uneven substrates (500 x 300 microm to 5 x 5 microm). We also used a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board to enhance feedback distance regulation. FPGA dramatically increased the feedback speed and decreased the imaging time (450 s per image) with enhanced accuracy and quality of live cell images. To evaluate the potential of the STA mode for SICM, we carried out imaging of a convoluted surface of live cell in various scan ranges and estimated the spatial resolutions of these images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Takahashi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aoba 6-6-11-605, Sendai 980-8579
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154
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Yum K, Wang N, Yu MF. Nanoneedle: a multifunctional tool for biological studies in living cells. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:363-372. [PMID: 20644817 DOI: 10.1039/b9nr00231f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Studying biology in living cells is methodologically challenging but highly beneficial. Recent advances in nanobiotechnology offer exciting new opportunities to address this challenge. The nanoneedle technology, as an emerging technology that uses a cell membrane-penetrating nanoneedle to probe and manipulate biological processes in living cells, is expected to play an important role in this endeavor. Here we review the recent development and future direction of the nanoneedle technology for biological studies in living cells. The nanoneedle technology is shown to be powerful and versatile, and can offer numerous new ways to explore biological processes and biophysical properties of living cells with high spatial and temporal precision potentially reaching molecular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsuk Yum
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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155
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Walsh DA, Lovelock KRJ, Licence P. Ultramicroelectrode voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy in room-temperature ionic liquid electrolytes. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:4185-94. [DOI: 10.1039/b822846a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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156
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Fabrication of a PANI/Au nanocomposite modified nanoelectrode for sensitive dopamine nanosensor design. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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157
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Yang C, Sun P. Fabrication and Characterization of a Dual Submicrometer-Sized Electrode. Anal Chem 2009; 81:7496-500. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901099n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Box 70695, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Box 70695, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614
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158
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Kierat RM, Thaler BMB, Krämer R. A fluorescent redox sensor with tuneable oxidation potential. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:1457-9. [PMID: 20100659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent redox sensor was prepared by attachment of hydroquinones to the fluorophore rhodamine B; fluorescence is reversibly modulated by hydroquinone-centered chemical redox reactions, and oxidation potential of the sensor is tuneable by variation of hydroquinone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw M Kierat
- Anorganisches Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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159
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Abstract
The ability to monitor living cell behavior in real time and with high spatial resolution is vital for advancing our knowledge of cellular machinery and evaluating cellular response to various drugs. Here, we report the development and utilization of carbon-based nanoelectrodes for cell electrophysiology. We employ carbon nanopipettes (CNPs), novel carbon-based nanoprobes which integrate carbon nanopipes into the tips of pulled glass capillaries, to measure electrical signals in the mouse hippocampal cell line HT-22. Using a standard electrophysiology amplifier in current-clamp mode, we measured the resting membrane potential of cells and their transient membrane response to extracellular pharmacological agents. In addition to their superior injection capabilities reported previously, CNPs are capable of multifunctionality, enabling, for example, concurrent intracellular injection and electrical measurements without damaging cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Schrlau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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160
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Laforge FO, Velmurugan J, Wang Y, Mirkin MV. Nanoscale Imaging of Surface Topography and Reactivity with the Scanning Electrochemical Microscope. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3143-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900335c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François O. Laforge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College−City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367
| | - Jeyavel Velmurugan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College−City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367
| | - Yixian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College−City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367
| | - Michael V. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College−City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367
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161
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Monitoring of vesicular exocytosis from single cells using micrometer and nanometer-sized electrochemical sensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:17-32. [PMID: 19274456 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2008] [Revised: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Communication between cells by release of specific chemical messengers via exocytosis plays crucial roles in biological process. Electrochemical detection based on ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) has become one of the most powerful techniques in real-time monitoring of an extremely small number of released molecules during very short time scales, owing to its intrinsic advantages such as fast response, excellent sensitivity, and high spatiotemporal resolution. Great successes have been achieved in the use of UME methods to obtain quantitative and kinetic information about released chemical messengers and to reveal the molecular mechanism in vesicular exocytosis. In this paper, we review recent developments in monitoring exocytosis by use of UMEs-electrochemical-based techniques including electrochemical detection using micrometer and nanometer-sized sensors, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), and UMEs implemented in lab-on-a-chip (LOC) microsystems. These advances are of great significance in obtaining a better understanding of vesicular exocytosis and chemical communications between cells, and will facilitate developments in many fields, including analytical chemistry, biological science, and medicine. Furthermore, future developments in electrochemical probing of exocytosis are also proposed.
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162
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Takahashi Y, Miyamoto T, Shiku H, Asano R, Yasukawa T, Kumagai I, Matsue T. Electrochemical Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors on a Single Living Cell Surface by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2009; 81:2785-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900195m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Takahashi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aoba 6-6-11-605, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba 6-6-11-607, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, and Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aoba 6-6-11-605, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba 6-6-11-607, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, and Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aoba 6-6-11-605, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba 6-6-11-607, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, and Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Asano
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aoba 6-6-11-605, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba 6-6-11-607, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, and Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yasukawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aoba 6-6-11-605, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba 6-6-11-607, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, and Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Izumi Kumagai
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aoba 6-6-11-605, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba 6-6-11-607, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, and Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aoba 6-6-11-605, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Graduate School of Engineering Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba 6-6-11-607, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, and Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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163
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Williams CG, Edwards MA, Colley AL, Macpherson JV, Unwin PR. Scanning Micropipet Contact Method for High-Resolution Imaging of Electrode Surface Redox Activity. Anal Chem 2009; 81:2486-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802114r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cara G. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, and MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. CV4 7AL
| | - Martin A. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, and MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. CV4 7AL
| | - Anna L. Colley
- Department of Chemistry, and MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. CV4 7AL
| | - Julie V. Macpherson
- Department of Chemistry, and MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. CV4 7AL
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, and MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K. CV4 7AL
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164
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Novak P, Li C, Shevchuk AI, Stepanyan R, Caldwell M, Hughes S, Smart TG, Gorelik J, Ostanin VP, Lab MJ, Moss GWJ, Frolenkov GI, Klenerman D, Korchev YE. Nanoscale live-cell imaging using hopping probe ion conductance microscopy. Nat Methods 2009; 6:279-81. [PMID: 19252505 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe hopping mode scanning ion conductance microscopy that allows noncontact imaging of the complex three-dimensional surfaces of live cells with resolution better than 20 nm. We tested the effectiveness of this technique by imaging networks of cultured rat hippocampal neurons and mechanosensory stereocilia of mouse cochlear hair cells. The technique allowed examination of nanoscale phenomena on the surface of live cells under physiological conditions.
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165
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Ryu W, Huang Z, Sun Park J, Moseley J, Grossman AR, Fasching RJ, Prinz FB. Open micro-fluidic system for atomic force microscopy-guided in situ electrochemical probing of a single cell. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:1460-1467. [PMID: 18818800 DOI: 10.1039/b803450h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-sharp nano-probes and customized atomic force microscopy (AFM) have previously been developed in our laboratory for in situ sub-cellular probing of electrochemical phenomena in living plant cells during their photosynthesis. However, this AFM-based electrochemical probing still has numerous engineering challenges such as immobilization of the live cells, compatibility of the immobilization procedure with AFM manipulation of the probe, maintenance of biological activity of the cells for an extended time while performing the measurements, and minimization of electrochemical noise. Thus, we have developed an open micro-fluidic channel system (OMFC) in which individual cells can be immobilized in micro-traps by capillary flow. This system affords easy AFM access and allows for maintenance of the cells in a well-defined chemical environment, which sustains their biological activity. The use of micro-channels for making the electrochemical measurements significantly reduces parasitic electrical capacitances and allows for current detection in the sub-pico-ampere range at high signal bandwidths. The OMFC was further studied using simulation packages for optimal design conditions. This system was successfully used to measure light-dependent oxidation currents of a few pico-amperes from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhyoung Ryu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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166
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Murray RW. Nanoelectrochemistry: Metal Nanoparticles, Nanoelectrodes, and Nanopores. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2688-720. [DOI: 10.1021/cr068077e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 963] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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167
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Laforge FO, Sun P, Mirkin MV. Physicochemical Applications of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470259498.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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168
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News in brief. Nat Methods 2008. [DOI: 10.1038/nmeth0308-219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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169
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Chen Z, Xie S, Shen L, Du Y, He S, Li Q, Liang Z, Meng X, Li B, Xu X, Ma H, Huang Y, Shao Y. Investigation of the interactions between silver nanoparticles and Hela cells by scanning electrochemical microscopy. Analyst 2008; 133:1221-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b807057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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