151
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Gasparini C, Celeghini C, Monasta L, Zauli G. NF-κB pathways in hematological malignancies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2083-102. [PMID: 24419302 PMCID: PMC11113378 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor κB or NF-κB transcription factor family plays a key role in several cellular functions, i.e. inflammation, apoptosis, cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, and innate and acquired immunity. The constitutive activation of NF-κB is typical of most malignancies and plays a major role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we describe NF-κB and its two pathways: the canonical pathway (RelA/p50) and the non-canonical pathway (RelB/p50 or RelB/p52). We then consider the role of the NF-κB subunits in the development and functional activity of B cells, T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, which are the targets of hematological malignancies. The relevance of the two pathways is described in normal B and T cells and in hematological malignancies, acute and chronic leukemias (ALL, AML, CLL, CML), B lymphomas (DLBCLs, Hodgkin's lymphoma), T lymphomas (ATLL, ALCL) and multiple myeloma. We describe the interaction of NF-κB with the apoptotic pathways induced by TRAIL and the transcription factor p53. Finally, we discuss therapeutic anti-tumoral approaches as mono-therapies or combination therapies aimed to block NF-κB activity and to induce apoptosis (PARAs and Nutlin-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy,
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152
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Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain-containing membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein-1 (CARMA1), a member of the membrane associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family of kinases, is essential for T lymphocyte activation and proliferation via T-cell receptor (TCR) mediated NF-κB activation. Recent studies suggest a broader role for CARMA1 regulating other T-cell functions as well as a role in non-TCR-mediated signaling pathways important for lymphocyte development and functions. In addition, CARMA1 has been shown to be an important component in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Thus, comprehensively defining its mechanisms of action and regulation could reveal novel therapeutic targets for T-cell-mediated diseases and lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marly I Roche
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit and the Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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153
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Mechanisms and consequences of constitutive NF-κB activation in B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Oncogene 2014; 33:5655-65. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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154
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Rahal R, Frick M, Romero R, Korn JM, Kridel R, Chan FC, Meissner B, Bhang HE, Ruddy D, Kauffmann A, Farsidjani A, Derti A, Rakiec D, Naylor T, Pfister E, Kovats S, Kim S, Dietze K, Dörken B, Steidl C, Tzankov A, Hummel M, Monahan J, Morrissey MP, Fritsch C, Sellers WR, Cooke VG, Gascoyne RD, Lenz G, Stegmeier F. Pharmacological and genomic profiling identifies NF-κB-targeted treatment strategies for mantle cell lymphoma. Nat Med 2014; 20:87-92. [PMID: 24362935 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive malignancy that is characterized by poor prognosis. Large-scale pharmacological profiling across more than 100 hematological cell line models identified a subset of MCL cell lines that are highly sensitive to the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling inhibitors ibrutinib and sotrastaurin. Sensitive MCL models exhibited chronic activation of the BCR-driven classical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, whereas insensitive cell lines displayed activation of the alternative NF-κB pathway. Transcriptome sequencing revealed genetic lesions in alternative NF-κB pathway signaling components in ibrutinib-insensitive cell lines, and sequencing of 165 samples from patients with MCL identified recurrent mutations in TRAF2 or BIRC3 in 15% of these individuals. Although they are associated with insensitivity to ibrutinib, lesions in the alternative NF-κB pathway conferred dependence on the protein kinase NIK (also called mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase 14 or MAP3K14) both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, NIK is a new therapeutic target for MCL treatment, particularly for lymphomas that are refractory to BCR pathway inhibitors. Our findings reveal a pattern of mutually exclusive activation of the BCR-NF-κB or NIK-NF-κB pathways in MCL and provide critical insights into patient stratification strategies for NF-κB pathway-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Rahal
- 1] Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2]
| | - Mareike Frick
- 1] Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. [2]
| | - Rodrigo Romero
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua M Korn
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Kridel
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency and BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fong Chun Chan
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency and BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Barbara Meissner
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency and BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hyo-eun Bhang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dave Ruddy
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ali Farsidjani
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adnan Derti
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Rakiec
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tara Naylor
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Estelle Pfister
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steve Kovats
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sunkyu Kim
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kerstin Dietze
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Dörken
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Steidl
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency and BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hummel
- Department of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John Monahan
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - William R Sellers
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vesselina G Cooke
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randy D Gascoyne
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency and BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Georg Lenz
- 1] Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. [2]
| | - Frank Stegmeier
- 1] Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2]
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155
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Abstract
The paracaspase MALT1 is a Cys-dependent, Arg-specific protease that plays an essential role in the activation and proliferation of lymphocytes during the immune response. Oncogenic activation of MALT1 is associated with the development of specific forms of B-cell lymphomas. Through specific cleavage of its substrates, MALT1 controls various aspects of lymphocyte activation, including the activation of transcriptional pathways, the stabilization of mRNAs, and an increase in cellular adhesion. In lymphocytes, the activity of MALT1 is tightly controlled by its inducible monoubiquitination, which promotes the dimerization of MALT1. Here, we describe both in vitro and in vivo assays that have been developed to assess MALT1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Hailfinger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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156
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Yang C, David L, Qiao Q, Damko E, Wu H. The CBM signalosome: potential therapeutic target for aggressive lymphoma? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 25:175-83. [PMID: 24411492 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The CBM signalosome plays a pivotal role in mediating antigen-receptor induced NF-κB signaling to regulate lymphocyte functions. The CBM complex forms filamentous structure and recruits downstream signaling components to activate NF-κB. MALT1, the protease component in the CBM complex, cleaves key proteins in the feedback loop of the NF-κB signaling pathway and enhances NF-κB activation. The aberrant activity of the CBM complex has been linked to aggressive lymphoma. Recent years have witnessed dramatic progresses in understanding the assembly mechanism of the CBM complex, and advances in the development of targeted therapy for aggressive lymphoma. Here, we will highlight these progresses and give an outlook on the potential translation of this knowledge from bench to bedside for aggressive lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghua Yang
- Joint Center for Translational Research of Chronic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 2000433, China; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Liron David
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qi Qiao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ermelinda Damko
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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157
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Qiao Q, Yang C, Zheng C, Fontán L, David L, Yu X, Bracken C, Rosen M, Melnick A, Egelman EH, Wu H. Structural architecture of the CARMA1/Bcl10/MALT1 signalosome: nucleation-induced filamentous assembly. Mol Cell 2013; 51:766-79. [PMID: 24074955 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The CARMA1/Bcl10/MALT1 (CBM) signalosome mediates antigen receptor-induced NF-κB signaling to regulate multiple lymphocyte functions. While CARMA1 and Bcl10 contain caspase recruitment domains (CARDs), MALT1 is a paracaspase with structural similarity to caspases. Here we show that the reconstituted CBM signalosome is a helical filamentous assembly in which substoichiometric CARMA1 nucleates Bcl10 filaments. Bcl10 filament formation is a highly cooperative process whose threshold is sensitized by oligomerized CARMA1 upon receptor activation. In cells, both cotransfected CARMA1/Bcl10 complex and the endogenous CBM signalosome are filamentous morphologically. Combining crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron microscopy, we reveal the structure of the Bcl10 CARD filament and the mode of interaction between CARMA1 and Bcl10. Structure-guided mutagenesis confirmed the observed interfaces in Bcl10 filament assembly and MALT1 activation in vitro and NF-κB activation in cells. These data support a paradigm of nucleation-induced signal transduction with threshold response due to cooperativity and signal amplification by polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qiao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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158
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The HECTD3 E3 ubiquitin ligase suppresses cisplatin-induced apoptosis via stabilizing MALT1. Neoplasia 2013; 15:39-48. [PMID: 23358872 DOI: 10.1593/neo.121362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous to the E6-associated protein carboxyl terminus domain containing 3 (HECTD3) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase with unknown functions. Here, we show that HECTD3 confers cancer cell resistance to cisplatin. To understand the molecular mechanisms, we performed a yeast two-hybrid analysis and identified mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 1 (MALT1) as an HECTD3-interacting protein. HECTD3 promotes MALT1 ubiquitination with nondegradative polyubiquitin chains by direct interacting with the MALT1 through its N-terminal destruction of cyclin domain. HECTD3 does not target MALT1 for degradation but stabilize it. HECTD3 depletion dramatically decreases the levels of MALT1 in MCF7 and HeLa cells treated with cisplatin, which is correlated to an increase in apoptosis. Knockdown of MALT1 likewise increases cisplatin-induced apoptosis in these cancer cells. However, HECTD3 over-expression leads to a decreased cisplatin-induced apoptosis, whereas overexpression of MALT1 partially rescues HECTD3 depletion-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that HECTD3 promotes cell survival through stabilizing MALT1. Our data have important implications in cancer therapy by providing novel molecular targets.
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159
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Fernandez-Jimenez N, Castellanos-Rubio A, Plaza-Izurieta L, Irastorza I, Elcoroaristizabal X, Jauregi-Miguel A, Lopez-Euba T, Tutau C, de Pancorbo MM, Vitoria JC, Bilbao JR. Coregulation and modulation of NFκB-related genes in celiac disease: uncovered aspects of gut mucosal inflammation. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1298-310. [PMID: 24163129 PMCID: PMC3919015 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that the NFκB route is constitutively upregulated in celiac disease (CD), an immune-mediated disorder of the gut caused by intolerance to ingested gluten. Our aim was to scrutinize the expression patterns of several of the most biologically relevant components of the NFκB route in intestinal biopsies from active and treated patients and after in vitro gliadin challenge, and to assess normalization of the expression using an inhibitor of the MALT1 paracaspase. The expression of 93 NFκB genes was measured by RT-PCR in a set of uncultured active and treated CD and control biopsies, and in cultured biopsy series challenged with gliadin, the NFκB modulator, both compounds and none. Methylation of eight genes involved in NFκB signaling was analyzed by conventional pyrosequencing. Groups were compared and Pearson's correlation matrixes were constructed to check for coexpression and co-methylation. Our results confirm the upregulation of the NFκB pathway and show that constitutively altered genes usually belong to the core of the pathway and have central roles, whereas genes overexpressed only in active CD are more peripheral. Additionally, this is the first work to detect methylation level changes in celiac intestinal mucosa. Coexpression is very common in controls, whereas gliadin challenge and especially chronic inflammation present in untreated CD result in the disruption of the regulatory equilibrium. In contrast, co-methylation occurs more often in active CD. Importantly, NFκB modulation partially restores coregulation, opening the door to future therapeutic possibilities and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Fernandez-Jimenez
- Immunogenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, BioCruces Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country-UPV/EHU, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
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160
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Vincendeau M, Nagel D, Eitelhuber AC, Krappmann D. MALT1 paracaspase: a unique protease involved in B-cell lymphomagenesis. Int J Hematol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/ijh.13.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY MALT1 is a key regulator of adaptive immunity. MALT1-dependent signaling events control survival, proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes in response to T- or B-cell receptor stimulation. MALT1 not only regulates physiological lymphocyte activation, but also controls oncogenic signaling in distinct lymphoid malignancies. The fusion protein API2–MALT1 generated by the chromosomal translocation t(11;18) acts as an oncoprotein in the late stages of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Moreover, MALT1 is critical for survival and proliferation of the activated B-cell type of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, one of the most aggressive entities of malignant lymphomas. On the molecular level, MALT1 serves a dual role by functioning as a signaling adaptor and a protease. Both of these functions are critical for triggering the adaptive immune response and for promoting lymphomagenesis. Recent data emphasize that MALT1 is a promising drug target for the treatment of aggressive lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Vincendeau
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology & Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Nagel
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology & Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea C Eitelhuber
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology & Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Krappmann
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Institute of Molecular Toxicology & Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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161
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Schlauderer F, Lammens K, Nagel D, Vincendeau M, Eitelhuber AC, Verhelst SHL, Kling D, Chrusciel A, Ruland J, Krappmann D, Hopfner KP. Strukturelle Analyse von Phenothiazin-Derivaten als allosterische Inhibitoren der MALT1-Paracaspase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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162
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Fontán L, Melnick A. Molecular pathways: targeting MALT1 paracaspase activity in lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6662-8. [PMID: 24004675 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MALT1 mediates the activation of NF-κB in response to antigen receptor signaling. MALT1, in association with BCL10 and CARD11, functions as a scaffolding protein to activate the inhibitor of IκB kinase (IKK) complex. In addition, MALT1 is a paracaspase that targets key proteins in a feedback loop mediating termination of the NF-κB response, thus promoting activation of NF-κB signaling. Activated B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (ABC-DLBCL), which tend to be more resistant to chemotherapy, are often biologically dependent on MALT1 activity. Newly developed MALT1 small-molecule inhibitors suppress the growth of ABC-DLBCLs in vitro and in vivo. This review highlights the recent advances in the normal and disease-related functions of MALT1. Furthermore, recent progress targeting MALT1 proteolytic activity raises the possibility of deploying MALT1 inhibitors for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and perhaps autoimmune diseases that involve increased B- or T-cell receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Fontán
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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163
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Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in multiple sclerosis pathology. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:604-13. [PMID: 24007818 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling cascade plays a critical role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the main animal model of MS. NF-κB is essential for peripheral immune cell activation and the induction of pathology, but also plays crucial roles in resident cells of the central nervous system (CNS) during disease development. Here we review recent evidence clarifying the role of NF-κB in the different cell compartments contributing to MS pathology and its implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of MS and other demyelinating pathologies of the CNS.
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164
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Cabalzar K, Pelzer C, Wolf A, Lenz G, Iwaszkiewicz J, Zoete V, Hailfinger S, Thome M. Monoubiquitination and activity of the paracaspase MALT1 requires glutamate 549 in the dimerization interface. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72051. [PMID: 23977204 PMCID: PMC3747146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue protein-1 (MALT1, also known as paracaspase) is a protease whose activity is essential for the activation of lymphocytes and the growth of cells derived from human diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of the activated B-cell subtype (ABC DLBCL). Crystallographic approaches have shown that MALT1 can form dimers via its protease domain, but why dimerization is relevant for the biological activity of MALT1 remains largely unknown. Using a molecular modeling approach, we predicted Glu 549 (E549) to be localized within the MALT1 dimer interface and thus potentially relevant. Experimental mutation of this residue into alanine (E549A) led to a complete impairment of MALT1 proteolytic activity. This correlated with an impaired capacity of the mutant to form dimers of the protease domain in vitro, and a reduced capacity to promote NF-κB activation and transcription of the growth-promoting cytokine interleukin-2 in antigen receptor-stimulated lymphocytes. Moreover, this mutant could not rescue the growth of ABC DLBCL cell lines upon MALT1 silencing. Interestingly, the MALT1 mutant E549A was unable to undergo monoubiquitination, which we identified previously as a critical step in MALT1 activation. Collectively, these findings suggest a model in which E549 at the dimerization interface is required for the formation of the enzymatically active, monoubiquitinated form of MALT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Cabalzar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Pelzer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Annette Wolf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Vincent Zoete
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Hailfinger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Margot Thome
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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165
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Schlauderer F, Lammens K, Nagel D, Vincendeau M, Eitelhuber AC, Verhelst SHL, Kling D, Chrusciel A, Ruland J, Krappmann D, Hopfner KP. Structural Analysis of Phenothiazine Derivatives as Allosteric Inhibitors of the MALT1 Paracaspase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10384-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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166
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Abstract
Constitutive activation of the nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB) pathway is a hallmark of the activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Recurrent mutations of NF-κB regulators that cause constitutive activity of this oncogenic pathway have been identified. However, it remains unclear how specific target genes are regulated. We identified the atypical nuclear IκB protein IκB-ζ to be upregulated in ABC compared with germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) DLBCL primary patient samples. Knockdown of IκB-ζ by RNA interference was toxic to ABC but not to GCB DLBCL cell lines. Gene expression profiling after IκB-ζ knockdown demonstrated a significant downregulation of a large number of known NF-κB target genes, indicating an essential role of IκB-ζ in regulating a specific set of NF-κB target genes. To further investigate how IκB-ζ mediates NF-κB activity, we performed immunoprecipitations and detected a physical interaction of IκB-ζ with both p50 and p52 NF-κB subunits, indicating that IκB-ζ interacts with components of both the canonical and the noncanonical NF-κB pathway in ABC DLBCL. Collectively, our data demonstrate that IκB-ζ is essential for nuclear NF-κB activity in ABC DLBCL, and thus might represent a promising molecular target for future therapies.
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167
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Roth S, Ruland J. Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 signaling in innate immunity and inflammation. Trends Immunol 2013; 34:243-50. [PMID: 23523010 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein (Card)9 is a nonredundant adapter protein that functions in the innate immune system in the assembly of multifunctional signaling complexes. Together with B cell lymphoma (Bcl)10 and the paracaspase, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein (Malt)1, Card9 links spleen-tyrosine kinase (Syk)-coupled C-type lectin receptors to inflammatory responses. Card9 signaling also responds to intracellular danger sensors, such as retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and nucleotide-oligomerization domain (Nod)2. Card9 complexes are engaged upon fungal, bacterial, or viral recognition, and they are essential for host protection. Moreover, Card9 polymorphisms are commonly associated with human inflammatory diseases. Here, we discuss the molecular regulation and the physiological functions of Card9 in host defense and immune homeostasis, and provide a framework for the therapeutic targeting of Card9 signaling in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Roth
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
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168
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Cormier F, Monjanel H, Fabre C, Billot K, Sapharikas E, Chereau F, Bordereaux D, Molina TJ, Avet-Loiseau H, Baud V. Frequent engagement of RelB activation is critical for cell survival in multiple myeloma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59127. [PMID: 23555623 PMCID: PMC3610937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB family of transcription factors has emerged as a key player in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). NF-κB is activated by at least two major signaling pathways. The classical pathway results in the activation of mainly RelA containing dimers, whereas the alternative pathway leads to the activation of RelB/p52 and RelB/p50 heterodimers. Activating mutations in regulators of the alternative pathway have been identified in 17% of MM patients. However, the status of RelB activation per se and its role in the regulation of cell survival in MM has not been investigated. Here, we reveal that 40% of newly diagnosed MM patients have a constitutive RelB DNA-binding activity in CD138(+) tumor cells, and we show an association with increased expression of a subset of anti-apoptotic NF-κB target genes, such as cIAP2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RelB exerts a crucial anti-apoptotic activity in MM cells. Our findings indicate that RelB activation is key for promoting MM cell survival through the upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins. Altogether, our study provides the framework for the development of new molecules targeting RelB in the treatment of MM.
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169
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Paul S, Schaefer BC. A new look at T cell receptor signaling to nuclear factor-κB. Trends Immunol 2013; 34:269-81. [PMID: 23474202 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antigen stimulation of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling to nuclear factor (NF)-κB is required for T cell proliferation and differentiation of effector cells. The TCR-to-NF-κB pathway is generally viewed as a linear sequence of events in which TCR engagement triggers a cytoplasmic cascade of protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications, ultimately culminating in the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. However, recent findings suggest a more complex picture in which distinct signalosomes, previously unrecognized proteins, and newly identified regulatory mechanisms play key roles in signal transmission. In this review, we evaluate recent data and suggest areas of future emphasis in the study of this important pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Paul
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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170
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Young RM, Staudt LM. Targeting pathological B cell receptor signalling in lymphoid malignancies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2013; 12:229-43. [PMID: 23449308 PMCID: PMC7595252 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Signalling through the B cell receptor (BCR) is central to the development and maintenance of B cells. In light of the numerous proliferative and survival pathways activated downstream of the BCR, it comes as no surprise that malignant B cells would co-opt this receptor to promote their own growth and survival. However, direct evidence for BCR signalling in human lymphoma has only come to light recently. Roles for antigen-dependent and antigen-independent, or tonic, BCR signalling have now been described for several different lymphoma subtypes. Furthermore, correlative data implicate antigen-dependent BCR signalling in many other forms of lymphoma. A host of therapeutic agents targeting effectors of the BCR signalling pathway are now in clinical trials and have shown initial success against multiple forms of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Young
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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171
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Pelzer C, Cabalzar K, Wolf A, Gonzalez M, Lenz G, Thome M. The protease activity of the paracaspase MALT1 is controlled by monoubiquitination. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:337-45. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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172
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Mc Guire C, Wieghofer P, Elton L, Muylaert D, Prinz M, Beyaert R, van Loo G. Paracaspase MALT1 Deficiency Protects Mice from Autoimmune-Mediated Demyelination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:2896-903. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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173
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174
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Fontan L, Yang C, Kabaleeswaran V, Volpon L, Osborne MJ, Beltran E, Garcia M, Cerchietti L, Shaknovich R, Yang SN, Fang F, Gascoyne RD, Martinez-Climent JA, Glickman JF, Borden K, Wu H, Melnick A. MALT1 small molecule inhibitors specifically suppress ABC-DLBCL in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Cell 2012; 22:812-24. [PMID: 23238016 PMCID: PMC3984478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MALT1 cleavage activity is linked to the pathogenesis of activated B cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), a chemoresistant form of DLBCL. We developed a MALT1 activity assay and identified chemically diverse MALT1 inhibitors. A selected lead compound, MI-2, featured direct binding to MALT1 and suppression of its protease function. MI-2 concentrated within human ABC-DLBCL cells and irreversibly inhibited cleavage of MALT1 substrates. This was accompanied by NF-κB reporter activity suppression, c-REL nuclear localization inhibition, and NF-κB target gene downregulation. Most notably, MI-2 was nontoxic to mice, and displayed selective activity against ABC-DLBCL cell lines in vitro and xenotransplanted ABC-DLBCL tumors in vivo. The compound was also effective against primary human non-germinal center B cell-like DLBCLs ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Fontan
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Chenghua Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Venkataraman Kabaleeswaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laurent Volpon
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michael J. Osborne
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Elena Beltran
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Monica Garcia
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Leandro Cerchietti
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Rita Shaknovich
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Shao Ning Yang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Randy D. Gascoyne
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jose Angel Martinez-Climent
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - J. Fraser Glickman
- High-Throughput Screening Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katherine Borden
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (H.W.), (A.M.)
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Correspondence: (H.W.), (A.M.)
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175
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Nagel D, Spranger S, Vincendeau M, Grau M, Raffegerst S, Kloo B, Hlahla D, Neuenschwander M, Peter von Kries J, Hadian K, Dörken B, Lenz P, Lenz G, Schendel DJ, Krappmann D. Pharmacologic inhibition of MALT1 protease by phenothiazines as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of aggressive ABC-DLBCL. Cancer Cell 2012; 22:825-37. [PMID: 23238017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic activity of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein-1 (MALT1) paracaspase is required for survival of the activated B cell subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL). We have identified distinct derivatives of medicinal active phenothiazines, namely mepazine, thioridazine, and promazine, as small molecule inhibitors of the MALT1 protease. These phenothiazines selectively inhibit cleavage activity of recombinant and cellular MALT1 by a noncompetitive mechanism. Consequently, the compounds inhibit anti-apoptotic NF-κB signaling and elicit toxic effects selectively on MALT1-dependent ABC-DLBCL cells in vitro and in vivo. Our data provide a conceptual proof for a clinical application of distinct phenothiazines in the treatment of ABC-DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nagel
- Research Unit Cellular Signal Integration, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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176
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Brüstle A, Brenner D, Knobbe CB, Lang PA, Virtanen C, Hershenfield BM, Reardon C, Lacher SM, Ruland J, Ohashi PS, Mak TW. The NF-κB regulator MALT1 determines the encephalitogenic potential of Th17 cells. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:4698-709. [PMID: 23114599 PMCID: PMC3590210 DOI: 10.1172/jci63528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Effector functions of inflammatory IL-17-producing Th (Th17) cells have been linked to autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, what determines Th17 cell encephalitogenicity is still unresolved. Here, we show that after EAE induction, mice deficient for the NF-κB regulator MALT1 (Malt1-/- mice) exhibit strong lymphocytic infiltration in the CNS, but do not develop any clinical signs of EAE. Loss of Malt1 interfered with expression of the Th17 effector cytokines IL-17 and GM-CSF both in vitro and in vivo. In line with their impaired GM-CSF secretion, Malt1-/- Th cells failed to recruit myeloid cells to the CNS to sustain neuroinflammation, whereas autoreactive WT Th cells successfully induced EAE in Malt1-/- hosts. In contrast, Malt1 deficiency did not affect Th1 cells. Despite their significantly decreased secretion of Th17 effector cytokines, Malt1-/- Th17 cells showed normal expression of lineage-specific transcription factors. Malt1-/- Th cells failed to cleave RelB, a suppressor of canonical NF-κB, and exhibited altered cellular localization of this protein. Our results indicate that MALT1 is a central, cell-intrinsic factor that determines the encephalitogenic potential of inflammatory Th17 cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Brüstle
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Department of Neuropathology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Microarray Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Laboratory of Signaling in the Immune System, Helmholtz Zentrum München–Germany Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dirk Brenner
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Department of Neuropathology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Microarray Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Laboratory of Signaling in the Immune System, Helmholtz Zentrum München–Germany Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christiane B. Knobbe
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Department of Neuropathology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Microarray Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Laboratory of Signaling in the Immune System, Helmholtz Zentrum München–Germany Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philipp A. Lang
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Department of Neuropathology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Microarray Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Laboratory of Signaling in the Immune System, Helmholtz Zentrum München–Germany Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carl Virtanen
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Department of Neuropathology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Microarray Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Laboratory of Signaling in the Immune System, Helmholtz Zentrum München–Germany Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian M. Hershenfield
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Department of Neuropathology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Microarray Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Laboratory of Signaling in the Immune System, Helmholtz Zentrum München–Germany Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin Reardon
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Department of Neuropathology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Microarray Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Laboratory of Signaling in the Immune System, Helmholtz Zentrum München–Germany Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonja M. Lacher
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Department of Neuropathology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Microarray Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Laboratory of Signaling in the Immune System, Helmholtz Zentrum München–Germany Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Department of Neuropathology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Microarray Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Laboratory of Signaling in the Immune System, Helmholtz Zentrum München–Germany Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela S. Ohashi
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Department of Neuropathology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Microarray Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Laboratory of Signaling in the Immune System, Helmholtz Zentrum München–Germany Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tak W. Mak
- The Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Department of Neuropathology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Microarray Centre at University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Laboratory of Signaling in the Immune System, Helmholtz Zentrum München–Germany Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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177
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Jou SY, Chang CC, Wu CH, Chen MR, Tsai CH, Chuang WH, Chen YH, Cheng AL, Doong SL. BCL10GFP fusion protein as a substrate for analysis of determinants required for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 1 (MALT1)-mediated cleavage. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:85. [PMID: 23035874 PMCID: PMC3500650 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MALT1 belongs to a family of paracaspase and modulates NF-κB signaling pathways through its scaffolding function and proteolytic activity. MALT1 cleaves protein substrates after a positively charged Arginine residue. BCL10, a 233 amino acids polypeptide, is identified as one of the MALT1 proteolytic substrates. MALT1 cleaves BCL10 at the C-terminal end of Arg228. A mere 5 amino acids difference between the substrate and the proteolytic product made it difficult to tell whether the cleavage event took place by using a simple western blot analysis. Here, BCL10GFP was constructed and utilized to examine the specificity and domain determinants for MALT1 cleavage in cells. Methods Various BCL10GFP constructs were transfected into HEK293T cell with MALT1 construct by using calcium phosphate-DNA precipitation method. Lysates of transfectants were resolved by SDS/PAGE and analyzed by western blot analysis. Results BCL10GFP was proteolytically processed by MALT1 as BCL10. The integrity of caspase recruitment domain (CARD) and MALT1-interacting domain on BCL10 were required for MALT1 proteolytic activity. Besides the invariant P1 cleavage site Arg228, P4 Leu225 played a role in defining BCL10 as a good substrate for MALT1. Conclusions We offered a way of monitoring the catalytic activity of MALT1 in HEK293T cells using BCL10GFP as a substrate. BCL10GFP can be utilized as a convenient tool for studying the determinants for efficient MALT1 cleavage in HEK293T cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Jou
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
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178
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Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. Noncanonical K63-linked polyubiquitination plays a key regulatory role in NF-κB signaling pathways by functioning as a scaffold to recruit kinase complexes containing ubiquitin-binding domains. Ubiquitination is balanced by deubiquitinases that cleave polyubiquitin chains and oppose the function of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Deubiquitinases therefore play an important role in the termination of NF-κB signaling and the resolution of inflammation. In this review, we focus on NF-κB regulation by deubiquitinases with an emphasis on A20 and CYLD. Deubiquitinases and the ubiquitin/proteasome components that regulate NF-κB may serve as novel therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward W Harhaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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179
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Lim KH, Yang Y, Staudt LM. Pathogenetic importance and therapeutic implications of NF-κB in lymphoid malignancies. Immunol Rev 2012; 246:359-78. [PMID: 22435566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Derangement of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway initiates and/or sustains many types of human cancer. B-cell malignancies are particularly affected by oncogenic mutations, translocations, and copy number alterations affecting key components the NF-κB pathway, most likely owing to the pervasive role of this pathway in normal B cells. These genetic aberrations cause tumors to be 'addicted' to NF-κB, which can be exploited therapeutically. Since each subtype of lymphoid cancer utilizes different mechanisms to activate NF-κB, several different therapeutic strategies are needed to address this pathogenetic heterogeneity. Fortunately, a number of drugs that block signaling cascades leading to NF-κB are in early phase clinical trials, several of which are already showing activity in lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian-Huat Lim
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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180
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Abstract
Constitutive NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) activation in B-cell lymphomas relies greatly on the CARMA1 [CARD (caspase recruitment domain)-containing MAGUK (membrane-associated guanylate kinase) 1]-Bcl10-MALT1 (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue translocation gene 1) signalling complex. Within this protein complex, MALT1 possesses a rather unique enzymatic activity, which allows it to cleave Bcl10, RelB and CYLD, among other substrates. The catalytic activity of MALT1 promotes activation of canonical and non-canonical NF-κB as well as other signalling pathways. However, even after a decade of intense research on MALT1, many mechanistic aspects of its enzymatic activity remain elusive. A recent article by Hachmann, Snipas, van Raam, Cancino, Houlihan, Poreba, Kasperkiewicz, Drag and Salvesen [(2012) Biochem. J. 443, 287-295] provides novel insight into the activation mechanism and the substrate specificity of MALT1. These intriguing findings convincingly demonstrate the importance of MALT1 dimerization for its catalytic activity and pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches that target this crucial regulator of lymphoma survival and proliferation.
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181
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Jacque E, Billot K, Authier H, Bordereaux D, Baud V. RelB inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth through p53 transcriptional activation. Oncogene 2012; 32:2661-9. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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182
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Fu M, Yao Q, Zhuo H, Lu Q, Niu X, Zhang P, Pei Y, Zhang K. Parthenolide induces apoptosis and lytic cytotoxicity in Epstein-Barr virus-positive Burkitt lymphoma. Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:477-82. [PMID: 22735892 PMCID: PMC3493062 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) has been reported to be strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The fact that EBV is generally present in cancer cells but rarely found in healthy cells represents an opportunity for targeted cancer therapy. One approach is to activate the lytic replication cycle of the latent EBV. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is thought to play an essential role in EBV lytic infection. Elevated NF-κB levels inhibit EBV lytic replication. Parthenolide (PN) is a sesquiterpene lactone found in medicinal plants, particularly in feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium). The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of PN on the survival of Raji EBV-positive lymphoma cells. Raji cells were treated with 0, 4 or 6 µmol/l PN for 48 h. MTT assay and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the findings. Results showd that PN suppressed the growth of the EBV-positive BL cell line, Raji, and activated the transcription of BZLF1 and BRLF1 by inhibiting NF-κB activity. Most notably, when PN was used in combination with ganciclovir (GCV), the cytotoxic effect of PN was amplified. These data suggest that the induction of lytic EBV infection with PN in combination with GCV may be a viral‑targeted therapy for EBV-associated BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, PR China
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183
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Abstract
The paracaspase domain of MALT1 (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1) is a component of a gene translocation fused to the N-terminal domains of the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2. The paracaspase itself, commonly known as MALT1, participates in the NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) pathway, probably by driving survival signals downstream of the B-cell antigen receptor through MALT1 proteolytic activity. We have developed methods for the expression and purification of recombinant full-length MALT1 and its constituent catalytic domain alone. Both are activated by dimerization without cleavage, with a similar dimerization barrier to the distantly related cousins, the apical caspases. By using positional-scanning peptidyl substrate libraries we demonstrate that the activity and specificity of full-length MALT1 is recapitulated by the catalytic domain alone, showing a stringent requirement for cleaving after arginine, and with striking peptide length constraints for efficient hydrolysis. Rates of cleavage (kcat/Km values) of optimal peptidyl substrates are in the same order (103–104 M−1·s−1) as for a putative target protein CYLD. Thus MALT1 has many similarities to caspase 8, even cleaving the putative target protein CYLD with comparable efficiencies, but with diametrically opposite primary substrate specificity.
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185
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Structural Determinants of MALT1 Protease Activity. J Mol Biol 2012; 419:4-21. [PMID: 22366302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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186
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Oliver KM, Lenihan CR, Bruning U, Cheong A, Laffey JG, McLoughlin P, Taylor CT, Cummins EP. Hypercapnia induces cleavage and nuclear localization of RelB protein, giving insight into CO2 sensing and signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:14004-11. [PMID: 22396550 PMCID: PMC3340129 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.347971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is increasingly being appreciated as an intracellular signaling molecule that affects inflammatory and immune responses. Elevated arterial CO2 (hypercapnia) is encountered in a range of clinical conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and as a consequence of therapeutic ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. In patients suffering from this syndrome, therapeutic hypoventilation strategy designed to reduce mechanical damage to the lungs is accompanied by systemic hypercapnia and associated acidosis, which are associated with improved patient outcome. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of hypercapnia and the relative contribution of elevated CO2 or associated acidosis to this response remain poorly understood. Recently, a role for the non-canonical NF-κB pathway has been postulated to be important in signaling the cellular transcriptional response to CO2. In this study, we demonstrate that in cells exposed to elevated CO2, the NF-κB family member RelB was cleaved to a lower molecular weight form and translocated to the nucleus in both mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549). Furthermore, elevated nuclear RelB was observed in vivo and correlated with hypercapnia-induced protection against LPS-induced lung injury. Hypercapnia-induced RelB processing was sensitive to proteasomal inhibition by MG-132 but was independent of the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β or MALT-1, both of which have been previously shown to mediate RelB processing. Taken together, these data demonstrate that RelB is a CO2-sensitive NF-κB family member that may contribute to the beneficial effects of hypercapnia in inflammatory diseases of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Oliver
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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McAllister-Lucas LM, Baens M, Lucas PC. MALT1 protease: a new therapeutic target in B lymphoma and beyond? Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:6623-31. [PMID: 21868762 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The identification of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation 1 (MALT1) as a gene that is perturbed in the B-cell neoplasm MALT lymphoma, already more than a decade ago, was the starting point for an intense area of research. The fascination with MALT1 was fueled further by the observation that it contains a domain homologous to the catalytic domain of caspases and thus, potentially, could function as a protease. Discoveries since then initially revealed that MALT1 is a key adaptor molecule in antigen receptor signaling to the transcription factor NF-κB, which is crucial for lymphocyte function. However, recent discoveries show that this function of MALT1 is not restricted to lymphocytes, witnessed by the ever-increasing list of receptors from cells within and outside of the immune system that require MALT1 for NF-κB activation. Yet, a role for MALT1 protease activity was shown only recently in immune signaling, and its importance was then further strengthened by the dependency of NF-κB-addicted B-cell lymphomas on this proteolytic activity. Therapeutic targeting of MALT1 protease activity might, therefore, become a useful approach for the treatment of these lymphomas and, additionally, an effective strategy for treating other neoplastic and inflammatory disorders associated with deregulated NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M McAllister-Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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