151
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Okazaki Y, Nagai H, Chew SH, Li J, Funahashi S, Tsujimura T, Toyokuni S. CD146 and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 predict prognosis of asbestos-induced rat mesothelioma. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:989-95. [PMID: 23621518 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM), which is associated with asbestos exposure, is one of the most deadly tumors in humans. Early MM is concealed in the serosal cavities and lacks specific clinical symptoms. For better treatment, early detection and prognostic markers are necessary. Recently, CD146 and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) were reported as possible positive markers of MM to distinguish from reactive mesothelia in humans. However, their application on MM of different species and its impact on survival remain to be elucidated. To disclose the utility of these molecules as early detection and prognostic markers of MM, we injected chrysotile or crocidolite intraperitoneally to rats, thus obtaining 26 peritoneal MM and establishing 11 cell lines. We immunostained CD146 and IMP3 using paraffin-embedded tissues and cell blocks and found CD146 and IMP3 expression in 58% (15/26) and 65% (17/26) of MM, respectively, but not in reactive mesothelia. There was no significant difference in both immunostainings for overexpression among the three histological subtypes of MM and the expression of CD146 and IMP3 was proportionally associated. Furthermore, the overexpression of CD146 and/or IMP3 was proportionally correlated with shortened survival. These results suggest that CD146 and IMP3 are useful diagnostic and prognostic markers of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
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152
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Microarray analyses reveal liver metastasis-related genes in metastatic colorectal cancer cell model. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1169-78. [PMID: 23563852 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. METHODS Cecal wall implantation was performed in nude mice to subclone a highly liver metastatic human colorectal cancer clone (SW1116-M) from SW1116. In vivo and in vitro assays were adopted to confirm the proliferation and metastasis potential. The human tumor metastasis PCR microarrays were used to analyze the differential gene expressions. The results were confirmed further by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS SW1116-M and SW1116-S5, two human colon cancer cell clones with different metastatic potential, were subcloned from SW1116. In SW1116-M, in vitro invasion, migration and in vivo metastatic potential were higher, and in vitro proliferation rate was lower than SW1116-S5. In tumor metastasis PCR microarray, 24 genes related to cell invading, adhesion, cellular growth and differentiation were found with a twofold difference between SW1116-S5 and SW1116-M. Sixteen of these, including E-cadherins, MTSS1, TRAIL and TRPM1, were up-regulated; eight genes including cathepsin L, EphB2, HGF, MET, MCAM and RORβ were down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS We have established a highly liver metastatic clone. The subsequent metastasis PCR microarray analysis identified a procedure of cellular differentiation and mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) in liver metastasis. The colonization to from macrometastasis is not a switch from cell cycle arrest but a result of cell differentiation and MET.
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153
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Duan X, Cai L, Lee LA, Chen H, Wang Q. Incorporation of azide sugar analogue decreases tumorigenic potential of breast cancer cells by reducing cancer stem cell population. Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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154
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Zhang H, Zhang J, Wang Z, Lu DI, Feng J, Yang D, Chen X, Yan X. CD146 is a potential marker for the diagnosis of malignancy in cervical and endometrial cancer. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:1189-1194. [PMID: 23599761 PMCID: PMC3629048 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 146 (CD146) is an endothelial cell adhesion molecule which is overexpressed in various types of malignant cancer, including ovarian cancer. However, whether CD146 is overexpressed in another two types of gynecological cancer, cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, remains unclear. In the present study, we showed that CD146 expression levels were higher in cells from cervical cancer and endometrial cancer compared with their corresponding normal tissues, using anti-CD146 mouse antibody AA4 (mAb AA4) and that mAb AA4 exhibited a high performance for specificity, sensitivity and positive predictive value in the detection of these two types of cancer. CD146 expression was positively and significantly correlated with the pathological subtype of cervical cancer and with the histological grade and depth of myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer. In addition, we confirmed that CD146 is present in the majority of blood vessels in cervical and endometrial cancer, suggesting that CD146 may be actively implicated in the metastasis of cervical and endometrial cancer via the vascular system. Thus, this study provides insights for further development of CD146 mAb in the detection of gynecological malignant cancer types and implies that a combined treatment strategy of anti-CD146 immunotherapy with other traditional chemo- or radiotherapy treatments may be a promising approach against cervical and endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Institute of Beijing Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029
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155
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Abstract
The vast majority of all agents used to directly kill cancer cells (ionizing radiation, most chemotherapeutic agents and some targeted therapies) work through either directly or indirectly generating reactive oxygen species that block key steps in the cell cycle. As mesenchymal cancers evolve from their epithelial cell progenitors, they almost inevitably possess much-heightened amounts of antioxidants that effectively block otherwise highly effective oxidant therapies. Also key to better understanding is why and how the anti-diabetic drug metformin (the world's most prescribed pharmaceutical product) preferentially kills oxidant-deficient mesenchymal p53− −cells. A much faster timetable should be adopted towards developing more new drugs effective against p53− − cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Watson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA.
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156
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CD146, a multi-functional molecule beyond adhesion. Cancer Lett 2012; 330:150-62. [PMID: 23266426 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD146 is a cell adhesion molecule (CAM) that is primarily expressed at the intercellular junction of endothelial cells. CD146 was originally identified as a tumor marker for melanoma (MCAM) due to its existence only in melanoma but not in the corresponding normal counterpart. However CD146 is not just a CAM for the inter-cellular and cell-matrix adhesion. Recent evidence indicates that CD146 is actively involved in miscellaneous processes, such as development, signaling transduction, cell migration, mesenchymal stem cells differentiation, angiogenesis and immune response. CD146 has increasingly become an important molecule, especially identified as a novel bio-marker for angiogenesis and for cancer. Here we have reviewed the dynamic research of CD146, particularly newly identified functions and the underlying mechanisms of CD146.
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157
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Kapoor S. CD146 expression and its close relationship to tumor progression in systemic malignancies besides gall bladder carcinomas. Tumour Biol 2012; 34:1273-4. [PMID: 23011890 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that CD146 may be involved in tumor development and may influence tumor prognosis in a number of systemic tumors besides gall bladder carcinomas. For instance, CD146 augments the development and progression of gastric carcinomas. It performs this function by accentuating epithelial mesenchymal transition (Liu et al., Int J Mol Sci 13:6399-6406, 2012). CD146 thus points towards a poor clinical outcome in gastric malignancies. An increase in gastric tissue vimentin is seen with an increase in CD146 levels. Similarly, around 8.7 % of lung adenocarcinomas express CD146. A decreased 5-year overall survival rate is seen following lung resection of pulmonary adenocarcinomas in male patients who express CD146 (Zeng et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:1127-1132; 2012).
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158
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Jiang T, Zhuang J, Duan H, Luo Y, Zeng Q, Fan K, Yan H, Lu D, Ye Z, Hao J, Feng J, Yang D, Yan X. CD146 is a coreceptor for VEGFR-2 in tumor angiogenesis. Blood 2012; 120:2330-2339. [PMID: 22718841 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-01-406108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD146 is a novel endothelial biomarker and plays an essential role in angiogenesis; however, its role in the molecular mechanism underlying angiogenesis remains poorly understood. In the present study, we show that CD146 interacts directly with VEGFR-2 on endothelial cells and at the molecular level and identify the structural basis of CD146 binding to VEGFR-2. In addition, we show that CD146 is required in VEGF-induced VEGFR-2 phosphorylation, AKT/p38 MAPKs/NF-κB activation, and thus promotion of endothelial cell migration and microvascular formation. Furthermore, we show that anti-CD146 AA98 or CD146 siRNA abrogates all VEGFR-2 activation induced by VEGF. An in vivo angiogenesis assay showed that VEGF-promoted microvascular formation was impaired in the endothelial conditional knockout of CD146 (CD146(EC-KO)). Our animal experiments demonstrated that anti-CD146 (AA98) and anti-VEGF (bevacizumab) have an additive inhibitory effect on xenografted human pancreatic and melanoma tumors. The results of the present study suggest that CD146 is a new coreceptor for VEGFR-2 and is therefore a promising target for blocking tumor-related angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- CD146 Antigen/chemistry
- CD146 Antigen/genetics
- CD146 Antigen/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Mutant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mutant Proteins/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Recombinant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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159
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Tian B, Zhang Y, Li N, Liu X, Dong J. CD74: a potential novel target for triple-negative breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:2273-7. [PMID: 22935920 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression status of CD74 in breast cancer stem cells and its clinical implications was evaluated in order to lay a foundation for managing breast cancer. Five hundred and eighty breast cancer specimens were enrolled in the study. The relationship between the CD74 protein and clinicopathological parameters as well as prognosis was subsequently determined. In total, 468 (80.69 %) of the 580 breast cases showed CD74-positive expression. After universal analysis, CD74 was observed to be related to lymph node metastasis and triple-negative breast cancer (P = 0.01 and 0.001). Moreover, CD74 expression has a line correlation with lymph node metastasis and triple-negative breast cancer (P = 0.02 and 0.001). Furthermore, periostin was shown to attain a significantly more distant liver metastasis and worse disease-specific survival than those with none or low-expressed CD74 protein (P = 0.001). In the Cox regression test, CD74 protein was detected as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.001). CD74 is consistently expressed in triple-negative subgroups of breast cancer and might be a new potential marker for triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buxian Tian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
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160
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Imbert AM, Garulli C, Choquet E, Koubi M, Aurrand-Lions M, Chabannon C. CD146 expression in human breast cancer cell lines induces phenotypic and functional changes observed in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43752. [PMID: 22952755 PMCID: PMC3431364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is an important step in tumor progression leading to a disseminated and often incurable disease. First steps of metastasis include down-regulation of cell adhesion molecules, alteration of cell polarity and reorganization of cytoskeleton, modifications associated with enhanced migratory properties and resistance of tumor cells to anoikis. Such modifications resemble Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). In breast cancer CD146 expression is associated with poor prognosis and enhanced motility. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS On 4 different human breast cancer cell lines, we modified CD146 expression either with shRNA technology in CD146 positive cells or with stable transfection of CD146 in negative cells. Modifications in morphology, growth and migration were evaluated. Using Q-RT-PCR, we analyzed the expression of different EMT markers. We demonstrate that high levels of CD146 are associated with loss of cell-cell contacts, expression of EMT markers, increased cell motility and increased resistance to doxorubicin or docetaxel. Experimental modulation of CD146 expression induces changes consistent with the above described characteristics: morphology, motility, growth in anchorage independent conditions and Slug mRNA variations are strictly correlated with CD146 expression. These changes are associated with modifications of ER (estrogen receptor) and Erb receptors and are enhanced by simultaneous and opposite modulation of JAM-A, or exposure to heregulin, an erb-B4 ligand. CONCLUSIONS CD146 expression is associated with an EMT phenotype. Several molecules are affected by CD146 expression: direct or indirect signaling contributes to EMT by increasing Slug expression. CD146 may also interact with Erb signaling by modifying cell surface expression of ErbB3 and ErbB4 and increased resistance to chemotherapy. Antagonistic effects of JAM-A, a tight junction-associated protein, on CD146 promigratory effects underline the complexity of the adhesion molecules network in tumor cell migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Imbert
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Ressources Biologiques en Oncologie, Centre de Thérapie Cellulaire, Marseille, France.
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161
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Zhang J, Liang Q, Lei Y, Yao M, Li L, Gao X, Feng J, Zhang Y, Gao H, Liu DX, Lu J, Huang B. SOX4 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and contributes to breast cancer progression. Cancer Res 2012; 72:4597-608. [PMID: 22787120 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental program, which is associated with breast cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we report that ectopic overexpression of SOX4 in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells is sufficient for acquisition of mesenchymal traits, enhanced cell migration, and invasion, along with epithelial stem cell properties defined by the presence of a CD44(high)/CD24(low) cell subpopulation. SOX4 positively regulated expression of known EMT inducers, also activating the TGF-β pathway to contribute to EMT. SOX4 itself was induced by TGF-β in mammary epithelial cells and was required for TGF-β-induced EMT. Murine xenograft experiments showed that SOX4 cooperated with oncogenic Ras to promote tumorigenesis in vivo. Finally, in clinical specimens of human breast cancer, we found that SOX4 was abnormally overexpressed and correlated with the triple-negative breast cancer subtype (ER(-)/PR(-)/HER2(-)). Our findings define an important function for SOX4 in the progression of breast cancer by orchestrating EMT, and they implicate this gene product as a marker of poor prognosis in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Zhang
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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162
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Liu WF, Ji SR, Sun JJ, Zhang Y, Liu ZY, Liang AB, Zeng HZ. CD146 expression correlates with epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and a poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:6399-6406. [PMID: 22754372 PMCID: PMC3382746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13056399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD146 has been regarded as a novel potential therapeutic target for multiple cancers. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of CD146 in gastric cancer and evaluate its clinical-pathological and prognostic significance. The expression of CD146 and three epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins (E-cadherin, β-catenin and vimentin) was examined in 144 gastric cancers by immunohistochemistry. Fifty-nine cases (41.0%) were defined as positive for CD146 expression. We found that CD146 expression correlated positively with lymph node involvement and a poor prognosis, and retained an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients. Furthermore, positive expression of CD146 was strongly associated with loss of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and acquisition of the expression of the mesenchymal markers nuclear β-catenin and vimentin. These findings suggest that CD146 might promote EMT and progression in gastric cancer, and thus may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; E-Mail:
| | - Shu-Rong Ji
- Central Laboratory, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; E-Mails: (S.-R.J.); (J.-J.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.-Y.L.)
| | - Jian-Jun Sun
- Central Laboratory, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; E-Mails: (S.-R.J.); (J.-J.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.-Y.L.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; E-Mails: (S.-R.J.); (J.-J.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.-Y.L.)
| | - Zhong-Yan Liu
- Central Laboratory, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; E-Mails: (S.-R.J.); (J.-J.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.-Y.L.)
| | - Ai-Bin Liang
- Central Laboratory, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China; E-Mails: (S.-R.J.); (J.-J.S.); (Y.Z.); (Z.-Y.L.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.-B.L.); (H.-Z.Z.); Tel./Fax: 86-21-6611-1019 (A.-B.L.); 86-21-3152-3052 (H.-Z.Z.)
| | - Hua-Zong Zeng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.-B.L.); (H.-Z.Z.); Tel./Fax: 86-21-6611-1019 (A.-B.L.); 86-21-3152-3052 (H.-Z.Z.)
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163
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Hwang-Verslues WW, Lee WH, Lee EYHP. Biomarkers to Target Heterogeneous Breast Cancer Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Suppl 8:6. [PMID: 24977105 PMCID: PMC4072313 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9929.s8-006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of death in U.S. women. Due to early detection and advanced treatment, the breast cancer death rate has been declining since 1990. However, disease recurrence is still the major obstacle in moving from therapy to truly curative treatments. Recent evidence has indicated that breast cancer recurrence is often caused by a subpopulation of breast cancer cells. This subset of cancer cells, usually referred to as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), exhibits stem cell phenotypes. They can self-renew and asymmetrically divide to more differentiated cancer cells. These cells are also highly resistant to conventional therapeutic reagents. Therefore, identifying and characterizing these BCSC subpopulations within the larger population of breast cancer cells is essential for developing new strategies to treat breast cancer and prevent recurrence. In this review article, we discuss the current proposed model for the origin of tumor heterogeneity, summarize the recent findings of cell surface and cytoplasmic markers for BCSC identification, review the regulatory mechanisms by which BCSCs maintain or non-cancer stem cells acquire BCSC characteristics, describe the proposed strategies to eliminate BCSCs, and highlight the current limitations and challenges to translate basic BCSC research to clinical application including establishment of clinical biomarkers and therapeutic treatments specifically targeting BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy W Hwang-Verslues
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hwa Lee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Eva Y-H P Lee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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