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Enrique A, Bretón-López J, Molinari G, Roca P, Llorca G, Guillén V, Fernández-Aranda F, Baños RM, Botella C. Implementation of a Positive Technology Application in Patients With Eating Disorders: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial. Front Psychol 2018; 9:934. [PMID: 29942272 PMCID: PMC6004415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Positive psychological interventions (PPIs) have been suggested to produce benefits in patients with eating disorders (ED) by improving well-being, which might act as a buffer of the harmful effects caused by the disorder. Best Possible Self (BPS) is a PPI which consists of writing and envisioning a future where everything has turned out in the best possible way. In this regard, positive technology (PT) can be of considerable benefit as it allows to implement specific PPIs that have already shown efficacy. Objective: This study tested the preliminary efficacy of the BPS exercise implemented through a PT application and carried out for 1 month, in improving positive functioning measures, compared to a control condition, in patients with ED. Follow-up effects were also explored at 1 and 3 months later. Methods: This is a pilot randomized controlled trial, with two experimental conditions. Participants were 54 outpatients, who were receiving ongoing specialized treatment in ED services. 29 participants were randomly allocated to the BPS intervention and 25 to the control exercise. The sample was composed mostly by females and the mean age was 27 years. In the intervention group, participants had to write about their BPS. In the control group participants had to write about their daily activities. The exercise was conducted through the Book of Life, which is a PT application that allows users to add multimedia materials to the written content. Measures of future expectations, affect, dispositional optimism, hope and self-efficacy were assessed at different time frames. Results: Findings showed that all participants improved over time and there were no statistically significant differences between conditions on the specific measures. These effects were not influenced by prior levels of ED severity. Within-group effect sizes indicate a greater benefit for the participants in the BPS condition, compared to the control condition, on nearly all the measures. Conclusion: Results indicated that PT produced modest improvements in patients with EDs that are receiving current treatment for ED. More empirical attention is needed to explore the potential benefits of PPIs as supporting tools in the prevention and treatment of EDs. Trial registration: clinicaltrails.gov Identifier: NCT03003910, retrospectively registered December 27, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Enrique
- Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Juana Bretón-López
- Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Molinari
- Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Pablo Roca
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ginés Llorca
- Psychiatry Service, Consorcio Hospitalario Provincial de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Verónica Guillén
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of IDIBELL - Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Baños
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Botella
- Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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152
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Boehm JK, Chen Y, Koga H, Mathur MB, Vie LL, Kubzansky LD. Is Optimism Associated With Healthier Cardiovascular-Related Behavior? Circ Res 2018; 122:1119-1134. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Boehm
- From the Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA (J.K.B.); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Y.C., H.K., L.D.K.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.B.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (L.L.V.)
| | - Ying Chen
- From the Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA (J.K.B.); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Y.C., H.K., L.D.K.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.B.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (L.L.V.)
| | - Hayami Koga
- From the Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA (J.K.B.); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Y.C., H.K., L.D.K.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.B.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (L.L.V.)
| | - Maya B. Mathur
- From the Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA (J.K.B.); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Y.C., H.K., L.D.K.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.B.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (L.L.V.)
| | - Loryana L. Vie
- From the Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA (J.K.B.); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Y.C., H.K., L.D.K.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.B.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (L.L.V.)
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- From the Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA (J.K.B.); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Y.C., H.K., L.D.K.) and Department of Biostatistics (M.B.M.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (L.L.V.)
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153
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Progovac AM, Donohue JM, Matthews KA, Chang CCH, Habermann EB, Kuller LH, Saquib J, LaMonte MJ, Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Zaslavsky O, Tindle HA. Optimism predicts sustained vigorous physical activity in postmenopausal women. Prev Med Rep 2017; 8:286-293. [PMID: 29255664 PMCID: PMC5723377 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimism and cynical hostility are associated with health behaviors and health outcomes, including morbidity and mortality. This analysis assesses their association with longitudinal vigorous physical activity (PA) in postmenopausal women of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Subjects include 73,485 women nationwide without history of cancer or cardiovascular disease (CVD), and no missing baseline optimism, cynical hostility, or PA data. The Life Orientation Test-Revised Scale measured optimism. A Cook Medley questionnaire subscale measured cynical hostility. Scale scores were divided into quartiles. Vigorous PA three times or more per week was assessed via self-report at study baseline (1994–1998) and through follow-up year 6. Descriptive analysis mapped lifetime trajectories of vigorous PA (recalled at ages 18, 25, 50; prospectively assessed at baseline, and 3 and 6 years later). Hierarchical generalized linear mixed models examined the prospective association between optimism, cynical hostility, and vigorous PA over 6 years. Models adjusted for baseline sociodemographic variables, psychosocial characteristics, and health conditions and behaviors. Vigorous PA rates were highest for most optimistic women, but fell for all women by approximately 60% between age 50 and study baseline. In adjusted models from baseline through year 6, most vs. least optimistic women were 15% more likely to exercise vigorously (p < 0.001). Cynical hostility was not associated with lower odds of longitudinal vigorous PA after adjustment. Results did not differ by race/ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Higher optimism is associated with maintaining vigorous PA over time in post-menopausal women, and may protect women's health over the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Progovac
- Health Equity Research Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julie M Donohue
- Department of Health Policy & Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Chung-Chou H Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Habermann
- Mayo Clinic Robert D and Patricia E Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Surgical Outcomes Program, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lewis H Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Juliann Saquib
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States.,Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital Providence, RI, United States
| | - Oleg Zaslavsky
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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154
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Huffman JC, Legler SR, Boehm JK. Positive psychological well-being and health in patients with heart disease: a brief review. Future Cardiol 2017; 13:443-450. [PMID: 28828901 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor psychological health (e.g., depression and anxiety) is prospectively associated with adverse cardiac outcomes. In contrast, there is increasing evidence that positive psychological constructs like happiness, optimism and gratitude are independently and prospectively linked to better health behaviors and superior cardiac prognosis in people with and without heart disease. However, a critical question is whether such positive states and traits are modifiable. Recent studies of systematic positive psychology interventions designed to promote well-being have shown promise in patients with heart disease, and more data are needed to learn whether these interventions are effective and whether they can be broadly applied to impact public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff C Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sean R Legler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julia K Boehm
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
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155
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GREENLEAF ARIET, ROESSGER KEVINM. Effectiveness of Care Farming on Veterans' Life Satisfaction, Optimism, and Perceived Loneliness. JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC COUNSELING 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/johc.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ARIE T. GREENLEAF
- Department of Leadership and Professional Studies; Seattle University
| | - KEVIN M. ROESSGER
- Department of Rehabilitation, Human Resources, and Communication Disorders; University of Arkansas
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156
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Schutte NS, Palanisamy SKA, McFarlane JR. The relationship between positive psychological characteristics and longer telomeres. Psychol Health 2016; 31:1466-1480. [PMID: 27616348 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1226308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Longer telomeres are associated with better health and longevity. This research investigated the relationship between positive psychological dispositional traits and telomere length. Positive traits examined were typical high positive affect, typical low negative affect, life satisfaction, trait mindfulness, trait emotional intelligence, general self-efficacy and optimism. DESIGN AND MEASURES One hundred and twenty women and men, with a mean age of 40.92, completed measures of positive characteristics and provided samples for telomere length analysis. RESULTS Together the positive dispositional characteristics explained significant variance in telomere length, R = .40. Among the individual characteristics, greater optimism and higher emotional intelligence were associated with longer telomeres after adjustment for age and gender and the association between optimism and telomere length remained significant after adjusting for age and gender as well as the other positive characteristics, with a partial correlation r of .30. CONCLUSION These results in conjunction with previous research findings provide a platform for further exploration of biological pathways connecting positive characteristics such as optimism to telomere length and investigation of the impact of increasing a characteristic such as optimism on telomere functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh K A Palanisamy
- b Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - James R McFarlane
- b Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
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