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Xie Q, Zhang L, Xie L, Zheng Y, Liu K, Tang H, Liao Y, Li X. Z‐ligustilide: A review of its pharmacokinetics and pharmacology. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1966-1991. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxuan Xie
- School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Long Xie
- School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Hailong Tang
- School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Yanmei Liao
- School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
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152
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Ros E, Encina M, González F, Contreras R, Luz-Crawford P, Khoury M, Acevedo JP. Single cell migration profiling on a microenvironmentally tunable hydrogel microstructure device that enables stem cell potency evaluation. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:958-972. [PMID: 31990283 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00988d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is a key function in a myriad of physiological events and disease conditions. Efficient, quick and descriptive profiling of migration behaviour in response to different treatments or conditions is highly desirable in a series of applications, ranging from fundamental studies of the migration mechanism to drug discovery and cell therapy. This investigation applied the use of methacrylamide gelatin (GelMA) to microfabricate migration lanes based on GelMA hydrogel with encapsulated migration stimuli and structural stability under culture medium conditions, providing the possibility of tailoring the microenvironment during cell-based assays. The actual device provides 3D topography, cell localization and a few step protocol, allowing the quick evaluation and quantification of individual migrated distances of a cell sample by an ImageJ plugin for automated microscopy processing. The detailed profiling of migration behaviour given by the new device has demonstrated a broader assay sensitivity compared to other migration assays and higher versatility to study cell migration in different settings of applications. In this study, parametric information extracted from the migration profiling was successfully used to develop predictive models of immunosuppressive cell function that could be applied as a potency test for mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ros
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile and Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Encina
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile and Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián González
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile and Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Contreras
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile and Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile and Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan Pablo Acevedo
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile and Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile and Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
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153
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Kashgari G, Meinecke L, Gordon W, Ruiz B, Yang J, Ma AL, Xie Y, Ho H, Plikus MV, Nie Q, Jester JV, Andersen B. Epithelial Migration and Non-adhesive Periderm Are Required for Digit Separation during Mammalian Development. Dev Cell 2020; 52:764-778.e4. [PMID: 32109382 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The fusion of digits or toes, syndactyly, can be part of complex syndromes, including van der Woude syndrome. A subset of van der Woude cases is caused by dominant-negative mutations in the epithelial transcription factor Grainyhead like-3 (GRHL3), and Grhl3-/-mice have soft-tissue syndactyly. Although impaired interdigital cell death of mesenchymal cells causes syndactyly in multiple genetic mutants, Grhl3-/- embryos had normal interdigital cell death, suggesting alternative mechanisms for syndactyly. We found that in digit separation, the overlying epidermis forms a migrating interdigital epithelial tongue (IET) when the epithelium invaginates to separate the digits. Normally, the non-adhesive surface periderm allows the IET to bifurcate as the digits separate. In contrast, in Grhl3-/- embryos, the IET moves normally between the digits but fails to bifurcate because of abnormal adhesion of the periderm. Our study identifies epidermal developmental processes required for digit separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaidaa Kashgari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lina Meinecke
- Department of Mathematics, School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, School of the Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - William Gordon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Ruiz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jady Yang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amy Lan Ma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yilu Xie
- The Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hsiang Ho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, School of the Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, School of the Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - James V Jester
- The Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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154
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Identifying conserved molecular targets required for cell migration of glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:152. [PMID: 32102991 PMCID: PMC7044427 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor and is associated with extensive tumor cell infiltration into the adjacent brain parenchyma. However, there are limited targeted therapies that address this disease hallmark. While the invasive capacity of self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their non-CSC progeny has been investigated, the mode(s) of migration used by CSCs during invasion is currently unknown. Here we used time-lapse microscopy to evaluate the migratory behavior of CSCs, with a focus on identifying key regulators of migration. A head-to-head migration assay demonstrated that CSCs are more invasive than non-CSCs. Time-lapse live cell imaging further revealed that GBM patient-derived CSC models either migrate in a collective manner or in a single cell fashion. To uncover conserved molecular regulators responsible for collective cell invasion, we utilized the genetically tractable Drosophila border cell collective migration model. Candidates for functional studies were generated using results from a targeted Drosophila genetic screen followed by gene expression analysis of the human homologs in GBM tumors and associated GBM patient prognosis. This strategy identified the highly conserved small GTPase, Rap1a, as a potential regulator of cell invasion. Alteration of Rap1a activity impaired the forward progress of Drosophila border cells during development. Rap1a expression was elevated in GBM and associated with higher tumor grade. Functionally, the levels of activated Rap1a impacted CSC migration speed out of spheres onto extracellular matrix. The data presented here demonstrate that CSCs are more invasive than non-CSCs, are capable of both collective and single cell migration, and express conserved genes that are required for migration and invasion. Using this integrated approach, we identified a new role for Rap1a in the migration of GBM CSCs.
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155
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Werner M, Kurniawan NA, Bouten CVC. Cellular Geometry Sensing at Different Length Scales and its Implications for Scaffold Design. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E963. [PMID: 32098110 PMCID: PMC7078773 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Geometrical cues provided by the intrinsic architecture of tissues and implanted biomaterials have a high relevance in controlling cellular behavior. Knowledge of how cells sense and subsequently respond to complex geometrical cues of various sizes and origins is needed to understand the role of the architecture of the extracellular environment as a cell-instructive parameter. This is of particular interest in the field of tissue engineering, where the success of scaffold-guided tissue regeneration largely depends on the formation of new tissue in a native-like organization in order to ensure proper tissue function. A well-considered internal scaffold design (i.e., the inner architecture of the porous structure) can largely contribute to the desired cell and tissue organization. Advances in scaffold production techniques for tissue engineering purposes in the last years have provided the possibility to accurately create scaffolds with defined macroscale external and microscale internal architectures. Using the knowledge of how cells sense geometrical cues of different size ranges can drive the rational design of scaffolds that control cellular and tissue architecture. This concise review addresses the recently gained knowledge of the sensory mechanisms of cells towards geometrical cues of different sizes (from the nanometer to millimeter scale) and points out how this insight can contribute to informed architectural scaffold designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Werner
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.W.); (C.V.C.B.)
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A. Kurniawan
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.W.); (C.V.C.B.)
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V. C. Bouten
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (M.W.); (C.V.C.B.)
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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156
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Pang X, Dong N, Zheng Z. Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans in Skin Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1649. [PMID: 32063855 PMCID: PMC6997777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of cutaneous wounds is a complex and well-coordinated process requiring cooperation among multiple cells from different lineages and delicately orchestrated signaling transduction of a diversity of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) at the wound site. Most skin wound healing in adults is imperfect, characterized by scar formation which results in significant functional and psychological sequelae. Thus, the reconstruction of the damaged skin to its original state is of concern to doctors and scientists. Beyond the traditional treatments such as corticosteroid injection and radiation therapy, several growth factors or cytokines-based anti-scarring products are being or have been tested in clinical trials to optimize skin wound healing. Unfortunately, all have been unsatisfactory to date. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that the ECM not only functions as the structural component of the tissue but also actively modulates signal transduction and regulates cellular behaviors, and thus, ECM should be considered as an alternative target for wound management pharmacotherapy. Of particular interest are small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), a group of the ECM, which exist in a wide range of connecting tissues, including the skin. This manuscript summarizes the most current knowledge of SLRPs regarding their spatial-temporal expression in the skin, as well as lessons learned from the genetically modified animal models simulating human skin pathologies. In this review, particular focus is given on the diverse roles of SLRP in skin wound healing, such as anti-inflammation, pro-angiogenesis, pro-migration, pro-contraction, and orchestrate transforming growth factor (TGF)β signal transduction, since cumulative investigations have indicated their therapeutic potential on reducing scar formation in cutaneous wounds. By conducting this review, we intend to gain insight into the potential application of SLRPs in cutaneous wound healing management which may pave the way for the development of a new generation of pharmaceuticals to benefit the patients suffering from skin wounds and their sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Pang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nuo Dong
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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157
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Ovejero Paredes K, Díaz-García D, García-Almodóvar V, Lozano Chamizo L, Marciello M, Díaz-Sánchez M, Prashar S, Gómez-Ruiz S, Filice M. Multifunctional Silica-Based Nanoparticles with Controlled Release of Organotin Metallodrug for Targeted Theranosis of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E187. [PMID: 31940937 PMCID: PMC7017138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Three different multifunctional nanosystems based on the tethering onto mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) of different fragments such as an organotin-based cytotoxic compound Ph3Sn{SCH2CH2CH2Si(OMe)3} (MSN-AP-Sn), a folate fragment (MSN-AP-FA-Sn), and an enzyme-responsive peptide able to release the metallodrug only inside cancer cells (MSN-AP-FA-PEP-S-Sn), have been synthesized and fully characterized by applying physico-chemical techniques. After that, an in vitro deep determination of the therapeutic potential of the achieved multifunctional nanovectors was carried out. The results showed a high cytotoxic potential of the MSN-AP-FA-PEP-S-Sn material against triple negative breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Moreover, a dose-dependent metallodrug-related inhibitory effect on the migration mechanism of MDA-MB-231 tumor cells was shown. Subsequently, the organotin-functionalized nanosystems have been further modified with the NIR imaging agent Alexa Fluor 647 to give three different theranostic silica-based nanoplatforms, namely, MSN-AP-Sn-AX (AX-1), MSN-AP-FA-Sn-AX (AX-2), and MSN-AP-FA-PEP-S-Sn-AX (AX-3). Their in vivo potential as theranostic markers was further evaluated in a xenograft mouse model of human breast adenocarcinoma. Owing to the combination of the receptor-mediated site targeting and the specific fine-tuned release mechanism of the organotin metallodrug, the nanotheranostic drug MSN-AP-FA-PEP-S-Sn-AX (AX-3) has shown targeted diagnostic ability in combination with enhanced therapeutic activity by promoting the inhibition of tumor growth with reduced hepatic and renal toxicity upon the repeated administration of the multifunctional nanodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ovejero Paredes
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.O.P.); (V.G.-A.); (L.L.C.); (M.M.)
- Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Díaz-García
- COMET-NANO Group. Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain; (D.D.-G.); (M.D.-S.); (S.P.)
| | - Victoria García-Almodóvar
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.O.P.); (V.G.-A.); (L.L.C.); (M.M.)
- COMET-NANO Group. Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain; (D.D.-G.); (M.D.-S.); (S.P.)
| | - Laura Lozano Chamizo
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.O.P.); (V.G.-A.); (L.L.C.); (M.M.)
- Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marzia Marciello
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.O.P.); (V.G.-A.); (L.L.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Miguel Díaz-Sánchez
- COMET-NANO Group. Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain; (D.D.-G.); (M.D.-S.); (S.P.)
| | - Sanjiv Prashar
- COMET-NANO Group. Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain; (D.D.-G.); (M.D.-S.); (S.P.)
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- COMET-NANO Group. Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, E-28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain; (D.D.-G.); (M.D.-S.); (S.P.)
| | - Marco Filice
- Nanobiotechnology for Life Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; (K.O.P.); (V.G.-A.); (L.L.C.); (M.M.)
- Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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158
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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Dev Cell 2020; 49:361-374. [PMID: 31063755 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reversed process, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), are fundamental processes in embryonic development and tissue repair but confer malignant properties to carcinoma cells, including invasive behavior, cancer stem cell activity, and greater resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Understanding the molecular and cellular basis of EMT provides fundamental insights into the etiology of cancer and may, in the long run, lead to new therapeutic strategies. Here, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms and pathological roles of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, with a focus on recent insights into the complexity and dynamics of this phenomenon in cancer.
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159
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Galarza S, Kim H, Atay N, Peyton SR, Munson JM. 2D or 3D? How cell motility measurements are conserved across dimensions in vitro and translate in vivo. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10148. [PMID: 31989037 PMCID: PMC6971446 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is a critical aspect of several processes, such as wound healing and immunity; however, it is dysregulated in cancer. Current limitations of imaging tools make it difficult to study cell migration in vivo. To overcome this, and to identify drivers from the microenvironment that regulate cell migration, bioengineers have developed 2D (two-dimensional) and 3D (three-dimensional) tissue model systems in which to study cell motility in vitro, with the aim of mimicking elements of the environments in which cells move in vivo. However, there has been no systematic study to explicitly relate and compare cell motility measurements between these geometries or systems. Here, we provide such analysis on our own data, as well as across data in existing literature to understand whether, and which, metrics are conserved across systems. To our surprise, only one metric of cell movement on 2D surfaces significantly and positively correlates with cell migration in 3D environments (percent migrating cells), and cell invasion in 3D has a weak, negative correlation with glioblastoma invasion in vivo. Finally, to compare across complex model systems, in vivo data, and data from different labs, we suggest that groups report an effect size, a statistical tool that is most translatable across experiments and labs, when conducting experiments that affect cellular motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sualyneth Galarza
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusetts
| | - Hyuna Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Biology ProgramUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusetts
| | - Naciye Atay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and MechanicsVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVirginia
| | - Shelly R. Peyton
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusetts
- Molecular and Cellular Biology ProgramUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusetts
| | - Jennifer M. Munson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and MechanicsVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVirginia
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160
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Makowiecka A, Malek N, Mazurkiewicz E, Mrówczyńska E, Nowak D, Mazur AJ. Thymosin β4 Regulates Focal Adhesion Formation in Human Melanoma Cells and Affects Their Migration and Invasion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:304. [PMID: 31921836 PMCID: PMC6935720 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4), a multifunctional 44-amino acid polypeptide and a member of actin-binding proteins (ABPs), plays an important role in developmental processes and wound healing. In recent years an increasing number of data has been published suggesting Tβ4's involvement in tumorigenesis. However, Tβ4's role in melanoma tumor development still remains to be elucidated. In our study we demonstrate that Tβ4 is crucial for melanoma adhesion and invasion. For the purpose of our research we tested melanoma cell lines differing in invasive potential. Moreover, we applied shRNAs to silence TMSB4X (gene encoding Tβ4) expression in a cell line with high TMSB4X expression. We found out that Tβ4 is not only a component of focal adhesions (FAs) and interacts with several FAs components but also regulates FAs formation. We demonstrate that Tβ4 level has an impact on FAs' number and morphology. Moreover, manipulation with TMSB4X expression resulted in changes in cells' motility on non-coated and MatrigelTM (resembling basement membrane composition)-coated surfaces and drastically decreased invasion abilities of the cells. Additionally, a correlation between Tβ4 expression level and exhibition of mesenchymal-like [epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)] features was discovered. Cells with lowered TMSB4X expression were less EMT-progressed than control cells. Summarizing, obtained results show that Tβ4 by regulating melanoma cells' adhesion has an impact on motility features and EMT. Our study not only contributes to a better understanding of the processes underlying melanoma cells' capacity to create metastases but also highlights Tβ4 as a potential target for melanoma management therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Makowiecka
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natalia Malek
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Antonina Joanna Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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161
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Ramonaite R, Petrolis R, Unay S, Kiudelis G, Skieceviciene J, Kupcinskas L, Bilgin MD, Krisciukaitis A. Mathematical morphology-based imaging of gastrointestinal cancer cell motility and 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescence. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2019; 64:711-720. [PMID: 31326958 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2018-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the quantitative evaluation of gastrointestinal cancer cell motility and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced fluorescence in vitro using mathematical morphology and structural analysis methods. The results of our study showed that MKN28 cells derived from the lymph node have the highest motility compared with AGS or HCT116 cells derived from primary tumors. Regions of single cells were characterized as most moving, and "tightly packed" cell colonies as nearly immobile. We determined the reduction of cell motility in late passage compared to early passage. Application of 5-ALA caused fluorescence in all investigated cells, and the fluorescence was different with regard to the cell type and application time. We observed higher fluorescence in MKN28 cells. Comprehensive image analysis did not reveal any statistically significant difference in fluorescence intensity between "tightly packed" cell regions, where nearly no motility was registered and loosely distributed cells, where the highest cell motility was registered. In conclusions, our study revealed that MKN28 cells derived from the lymph node have higher motility and 5-ALA-induced fluorescence than AGS or HCT116 derived from primary tumors. Moreover, image analysis based on a large amount of processed data is an important tool to study these tumor cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Ramonaite
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus St. 9, Kaunas, LT-44307, Lithuania, E-mail:
| | - Robertas Petrolis
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT-44307, Lithuania
| | - Simge Unay
- Department of Biophysics, Healthy Science Institute, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, TR-09000, Turkey
| | - Gediminas Kiudelis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT-44307, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Skieceviciene
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus St. 9, Kaunas, LT-44307, Lithuania
| | - Limas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT-44307, Lithuania
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus St. 9, Kaunas, LT-44307, Lithuania
| | - Mehmet Dincer Bilgin
- Department of Biophysics, Healthy Science Institute, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, TR-09000, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, TR-09000, Turkey
| | - Algimantas Krisciukaitis
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT-44307, Lithuania
- Department of Physics, Mathematics and Biophysics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, LT-44307, Lithuania
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162
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Collective Cell Migration: Wisdom of the Crowds Transforms a Negative Cue into a Positive One. Curr Biol 2019; 29:R205-R207. [PMID: 30889390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Semaphorin ligands and their Plexin receptors are known to induce cell-cell repulsion. A new study now finds that protrusion collapse, induced by Semaphorin-5C-Plexin-A interactions at the cell-cell contact, promotes planar polarization and collective migration of follicular cells in Drosophila.
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163
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Mohamed IA, El-Badri N, Zaher A. Wnt Signaling: The double-edged sword diminishing the potential of stem cell therapy in congenital heart disease. Life Sci 2019; 239:116937. [PMID: 31629761 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy using bone marrow derived or mesenchymal stem cells has become a popular option for cardiovascular disease treatment, however the administration of embryonic stem cells has been mostly experimental. Remarkably, most of these ongoing clinical trials involve adult patients, but little is known regarding the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy in newborns and children battling congenital heart diseases. Furthermore, cell delivery methods involve the administration of stem cells without pre-differentiation, and without consideration for the consequent process of cardiac development. Interestingly, in-vitro studies have demonstrated that the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes imitates the stages of cardiogenesis. Wnt signaling plays a profound role during the earliest stages of cardiogenesis and cardiac differentiation. In fact inappropriate Wnt signaling is associated with numerous cardiac disorders especially congenital heart disease. Furthermore, cell-extracellular matrix interactions were shown to be critical for stem cell differentiation and adequate cardiogenesis. Since extracellular matrix molecules are fundamental for maintenance and repair during heart disease and congenital heart disease, they may offer a novel approach for therapy. Herein we aim to review the critical role of Wnt signaling, as well as the profound importance of cell extracellular matrix interaction, during cardiogenesis. Both of these processes are crucial for precise stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes and developing efficacious regenerative therapy for congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman A Mohamed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, 12588, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, 12588, Egypt
| | - Amr Zaher
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, 12588, Egypt; National Heart Institute, Giza, Egypt.
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164
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Collective behaviors of Drosophila-derived retinal progenitors in controlled microenvironments. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226250. [PMID: 31835272 PMCID: PMC6910854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective behaviors of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) are critical to the development of neural networks needed for vision. Signaling cues and pathways governing retinal cell fate, migration, and functional organization are remarkably conserved across species, and have been well-studied using Drosophila melanogaster. However, the collective migration of heterogeneous groups of RPCs in response to dynamic signaling fields of development remains incompletely understood. This is in large part because the genetic advances of seminal invertebrate models have been poorly complemented by in vitro cell study of its visual development. Tunable microfluidic assays able to replicate the miniature cellular microenvironments of the developing visual system provide newfound opportunities to probe and expand our knowledge of collective chemotactic responses essential to visual development. Our project used a controlled, microfluidic assay to produce dynamic signaling fields of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) that stimulated the chemotactic migration of primary RPCs extracted from Drosophila. Results illustrated collective RPC chemotaxis dependent on average size of clustered cells, in contrast to the non-directional movement of individually-motile RPCs. Quantitative study of these diverse collective responses will advance our understanding of retina developmental processes, and aid study/treatment of inherited eye disease. Lastly, our unique coupling of defined invertebrate models with tunable microfluidic assays provides advantages for future quantitative and mechanistic study of varied RPC migratory responses.
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165
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Mishra AK, Campanale JP, Mondo JA, Montell DJ. Cell interactions in collective cell migration. Development 2019; 146:146/23/dev172056. [PMID: 31806626 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is the coordinated movement of a physically connected group of cells and is a prominent driver of development and metastasis. Interactions between cells within migrating collectives, and between migrating cells and other cells in the environment, play key roles in stimulating motility, steering and sometimes promoting cell survival. Similarly, diverse heterotypic interactions and collective behaviors likely contribute to tumor metastasis. Here, we describe a sampling of cells that migrate collectively in vivo, including well-established and newer examples. We focus on the under-appreciated property that many - perhaps most - collectively migrating cells move as cooperating groups of distinct cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinava K Mishra
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Joseph P Campanale
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - James A Mondo
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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166
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Miron A, Spinozzi D, Ní Dhubhghaill S, Lie JT, Oellerich S, Melles GRJ. In vitro endothelial cell migration from limbal edge-modified Quarter-DMEK grafts. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225462. [PMID: 31747441 PMCID: PMC6867638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell migration plays a crucial role in achieving corneal clearance after corneal transplantation when using smaller-sized endothelial grafts to increase the donor pool. In this study we investigated how different strategies of Quarter-Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (Quarter-DMEK) limbal graft edge modification influence peripheral endothelial cell migration in an in vitro culture environment. For this study, 15 Quarter-DMEK grafts, prepared from 7 corneas deemed ineligible for transplantation but with intact and viable endothelial cells, were embedded in a cooled biocompatible, thermoresponsive matrix for culture. The limbal edge of ten Quarter-DMEK grafts were modified, either by using a small diameter punch or by peripheral radial cuts. All Quarter-DMEK grafts showed substantial collective endothelial cell migration from the radial cut graft edges, as observed by light microscopy at standardized time intervals. Grafts were retrieved from the polymer matrix after the two-week culture for immunohistochemistry analyses of the newly formed cell monolayers; this demonstrated the presence of tightly packed and viable cells that showed higher migratory ability at the leading edge. Peripheral endothelial cell migration, however, was not triggered by increasing cell exposure to free space through surgical modifications of the far periphery. Our data suggest that alterations in the far peripheral area of Quarter-DMEK grafts were insufficient to triggering cell migration from the limbal graft edge. This may be due to transient-amplifying cells that reside in the far periphery and which lack cytokinetic directional cues. Understanding the migration capacity of the peripheral endothelium could unlock cells' therapeutic potential which are, at present, routinely discarded from transplantation. Encouraging peripheral cell migration may also improve clinical outcomes from Quarter-DMEK, but a more effective solution is required prior to clinical implementation of modified grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Miron
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Melles Cornea Clinic Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Spinozzi
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sorcha Ní Dhubhghaill
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Melles Cornea Clinic Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica T. Lie
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Amnitrans EyeBank Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Oellerich
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit R. J. Melles
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Melles Cornea Clinic Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Amnitrans EyeBank Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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167
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Le Borgne-Rochet M, Angevin L, Bazellières E, Ordas L, Comunale F, Denisov EV, Tashireva LA, Perelmuter VM, Bièche I, Vacher S, Plutoni C, Seveno M, Bodin S, Gauthier-Rouvière C. P-cadherin-induced decorin secretion is required for collagen fiber alignment and directional collective cell migration. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.233189. [PMID: 31604795 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.233189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional collective cell migration (DCCM) is crucial for morphogenesis and cancer metastasis. P-cadherin (also known as CDH3), which is a cell-cell adhesion protein expressed in carcinoma and aggressive sarcoma cells and associated with poor prognosis, is a major DCCM regulator. However, it is unclear how P-cadherin-mediated mechanical coupling between migrating cells influences force transmission to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we found that decorin, a small proteoglycan that binds to and organizes collagen fibers, is specifically expressed and secreted upon P-cadherin, but not E- and R-cadherin (also known as CDH1 and CDH4, respectively) expression. Through cell biological and biophysical approaches, we demonstrated that decorin is required for P-cadherin-mediated DCCM and collagen fiber orientation in the migration direction in 2D and 3D matrices. Moreover, P-cadherin, through decorin-mediated collagen fiber reorientation, promotes the activation of β1 integrin and of the β-Pix (ARHGEF7)/CDC42 axis, which increases traction forces, allowing DCCM. Our results identify a novel P-cadherin-mediated mechanism to promote DCCM through ECM remodeling and ECM-guided cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïlys Le Borgne-Rochet
- CRBM, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34000 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Angevin
- CRBM, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34000 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Elsa Bazellières
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), case 907, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Laura Ordas
- CRBM, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34000 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34000 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Evgeny V Denisov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.,Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Lubov A Tashireva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Perelmuter
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cédric Plutoni
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martial Seveno
- BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- CRBM, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34000 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Gauthier-Rouvière
- CRBM, Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34000 Montpellier, France Montpellier University, 34000 Montpellier, France
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168
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Rosero Salazar DH, Carvajal Monroy PL, Wagener FADTG, Von den Hoff JW. Orofacial Muscles: Embryonic Development and Regeneration after Injury. J Dent Res 2019; 99:125-132. [PMID: 31675262 PMCID: PMC6977159 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519883673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial congenital defects such as cleft lip and/or palate are associated with impaired muscle regeneration and fibrosis after surgery. Also, other orofacial reconstructions or trauma may end up in defective muscle regeneration and fibrosis. The aim of this review is to discuss current knowledge on the development and regeneration of orofacial muscles in comparison to trunk and limb muscles. The orofacial muscles include the tongue muscles and the branchiomeric muscles in the lower face. Their main functions are chewing, swallowing, and speech. All orofacial muscles originate from the mesoderm of the pharyngeal arches under the control of cranial neural crest cells. Research in vertebrate models indicates that the molecular regulation of orofacial muscle development is different from that of trunk and limb muscles. In addition, the regenerative ability of orofacial muscles is lower, and they develop more fibrosis than other skeletal muscles. Therefore, specific approaches need to be developed to stimulate orofacial muscle regeneration. Regeneration may be stimulated by growth factors such fibroblast growth factors and hepatocyte growth factor, while fibrosis may be reduced by targeting the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)/myofibroblast axis. New approaches that combine these 2 aspects will improve the surgical treatment of orofacial muscle defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Rosero Salazar
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - P L Carvajal Monroy
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F A D T G Wagener
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J W Von den Hoff
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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169
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Vohnoutka RB, Gulvady AC, Goreczny G, Alpha K, Handelman SK, Sexton JZ, Turner CE. The focal adhesion scaffold protein Hic-5 regulates vimentin organization in fibroblasts. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:3037-3056. [PMID: 31644368 PMCID: PMC6880880 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-08-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion (FA)-stimulated reorganization of the F-actin cytoskeleton regulates cellular size, shape, and mechanical properties. However, FA cross-talk with the intermediate filament cytoskeleton is poorly understood. Genetic ablation of the FA-associated scaffold protein Hic-5 in mouse cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promoted a dramatic collapse of the vimentin network, which was rescued following EGFP-Hic-5 expression. Vimentin collapse correlated with a loss of detergent-soluble vimentin filament precursors and decreased vimentin S72/S82 phosphorylation. Additionally, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis indicated impaired vimentin dynamics. Microtubule (MT)-associated EB1 tracking and Western blotting of MT posttranslational modifications indicated no change in MT dynamics that could explain the vimentin collapse. However, pharmacological inhibition of the RhoGTPase Cdc42 in Hic-5 knockout CAFs rescued the vimentin collapse, while pan-formin inhibition with SMIFH2 promoted vimentin collapse in Hic-5 heterozygous CAFs. Our results reveal novel regulation of vimentin organization/dynamics by the FA scaffold protein Hic-5 via modulation of RhoGTPases and downstream formin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishel B Vohnoutka
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Anushree C Gulvady
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Gregory Goreczny
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Kyle Alpha
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Samuel K Handelman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jonathan Z Sexton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Christopher E Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
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170
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Pena CD, Zhang S, Majeska R, Venkatesh T, Vazquez M. Invertebrate Retinal Progenitors as Regenerative Models in a Microfluidic System. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101301. [PMID: 31652654 PMCID: PMC6829900 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative retinal therapies have introduced progenitor cells to replace dysfunctional or injured neurons and regain visual function. While contemporary cell replacement therapies have delivered retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) within customized biomaterials to promote viability and enable transplantation, outcomes have been severely limited by the misdirected and/or insufficient migration of transplanted cells. RPCs must achieve appropriate spatial and functional positioning in host retina, collectively, to restore vision, whereas movement of clustered cells differs substantially from the single cell migration studied in classical chemotaxis models. Defining how RPCs interact with each other, neighboring cell types and surrounding extracellular matrixes are critical to our understanding of retinogenesis and the development of effective, cell-based approaches to retinal replacement. The current article describes a new bio-engineering approach to investigate the migratory responses of innate collections of RPCs upon extracellular substrates by combining microfluidics with the well-established invertebrate model of Drosophila melanogaster. Experiments utilized microfluidics to investigate how the composition, size, and adhesion of RPC clusters on defined extracellular substrates affected migration to exogenous chemotactic signaling. Results demonstrated that retinal cluster size and composition influenced RPC clustering upon extracellular substrates of concanavalin (Con-A), Laminin (LM), and poly-L-lysine (PLL), and that RPC cluster size greatly altered collective migratory responses to signaling from Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), a primary chemotactic agent in Drosophila. These results highlight the significance of examining collective cell-biomaterial interactions on bio-substrates of emerging biomaterials to aid directional migration of transplanted cells. Our approach further introduces the benefits of pairing genetically controlled models with experimentally controlled microenvironments to advance cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D Pena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Stephanie Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The State University of New York at Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
| | - Robert Majeska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Tadmiri Venkatesh
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Maribel Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA.
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171
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Vishwakarma M, Di Russo J. Why does epithelia display heterogeneity? Bridging physical and biological concepts. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:683-687. [PMID: 31494837 PMCID: PMC6815311 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Medhavi Vishwakarma
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 8TD, UK.
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jacopo Di Russo
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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172
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Guo X, Luo J, Wang H, Chen J. SERCA regulates collective cell migration by maintaining cytoplasmic Ca 2+ homeostasis. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:451-454. [PMID: 31611171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, 334001, China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China.
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173
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Teeuwssen M, Fodde R. Cell Heterogeneity and Phenotypic Plasticity in Metastasis Formation: The Case of Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091368. [PMID: 31540068 PMCID: PMC6770401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenoma-to-carcinoma progression in colon cancer is driven by a sequential accumulation of genetic alterations at specific tumor suppressors and oncogenes. In contrast, the multistage route from the primary site to metastasis formation is underlined by phenotypic plasticity, i.e., the capacity of disseminated tumor cells to undergo transiently and reversible transformations in order to adapt to the ever-changing environmental contexts. Notwithstanding the considerable body of evidence in support of the role played by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)/mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in metastasis, its rate-limiting function, the detailed underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, and the extension of the necessary morphologic and epigenetic changes are still a matter of debate. Rather than leading to a complete epithelial or mesenchymal state, the EMT/MET-program generates migrating cancer cells displaying intermediate phenotypes featuring both epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics. In this review, we will address the role of colon cancer heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity in metastasis formation and the contribution of EMT to these processes. The alleged role of hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) in collective and/or single-cell migration during local dissemination at the primary site and more systemic spreading will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Teeuwssen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Riccardo Fodde
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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174
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Abstract
Jamming state transition has been used in literature to describe migrating-to-resting cell state transition during collective cell migration without proper rheological confirmation. Yield stress often has been used as an indicator of a jamming state. Yield stress points to the liquid-to-solid state transition, but not a priori to jamming state transition. Various solid states such as elastic solid and viscoelastic solids can be considered in the context of their ability to relax. The relaxation time for (1) an elastic solid tends to zero, (2) Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic solid is finite, and (3) jamming state tends to infinity. In order to clarify the meaning of jamming state from the rheological standpoint we formulated the constitutive model of this state based on following conditions (1) migration of the system constituents is much damped such that the diffusion coefficient tends to zero, (2) relaxation time tends to infinity, (3) storage and loss moduli satisfy the condition G′(ω)/G"(ω) = const > 1. Jamming state represents the non-linear viscoelastic solid state. The main characteristic of this state is that the system cannot relax. Jamming state transition of multicellular systems caused by collective cell migration is discussed on a model system such as cell aggregate rounding after uni-axial compression between parallel plates based on the data from the literature. Cell aggregate rounding occurs via successive relaxation cycles. Every cycle corresponds to a different scenario of cell migration. Three scenarios were established depending on the magnitude of mechanical and biochemical perturbations (1) ordered scenario with reduced perturbations corresponds to the case that most of the cells migrate, (2) disordered scenario corresponds to the case that some cell groups migrate while the others (at the same time) stay in resting state (corresponds to medium perturbations), and (3) highly suppressed cell migration under large perturbations corresponds to the viscoelastic solid under jamming state. If cells reach the jamming state in one cycle, they are able to overcome this undesirable state and start migrating again in the next cycle by achieving the first or second scenarios again.
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175
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Takeda H, Kameo Y, Inoue Y, Adachi T. An energy landscape approach to understanding variety and robustness in tissue morphogenesis. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 19:471-479. [PMID: 31494791 PMCID: PMC7105444 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During morphogenesis in development, multicellular tissues deform by mechanical forces induced by spatiotemporally regulated cellular activities, such as cell proliferation and constriction. Various morphologies are formed because of various spatiotemporal combinations and sequences of multicellular activities. Despite its potential to variations, morphogenesis is a surprisingly robust process, in which qualitatively similar morphologies are reproducibly formed even under spatiotemporal fluctuation of multicellular activities. To understand these essential characteristics of tissue morphogenesis, which involves the coexistence of various morphologies and robustness of the morphogenetic process, in this study, we propose a novel approach to capture the overall view of morphogenesis from mechanical viewpoints. This approach will enable visualization of the energy landscape, which includes morphogenetic processes induced by admissible histories of cellular activities. This approach was applied to investigate the morphogenesis of a sheet-like tissue with curvature, where it deformed to a concave or convex morphology depending on the history of growth and constriction. Qualitatively different morphologies were produced by bifurcation of the valley in the energy landscape. The depth and steepness of the valley near the stable states represented the degree of robustness to fluctuations of multicellular activities. Furthermore, as a realistic example, we showed an application of this approach to luminal folding observed in the initial stage of intestinal villus formation. This approach will be helpful to understand the mechanism of how various morphologies are formed and how tissues reproducibly achieve specific morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Takeda
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kameo
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Division of Systemic Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Inoue
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Division of Systemic Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taiji Adachi
- Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Division of Systemic Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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176
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Matsutani K, Ikegami K, Aoyama H. An in vitro model of region-specific rib formation in chick axial skeleton: Intercellular interaction between somite and lateral plate cells. Mech Dev 2019; 159:103568. [PMID: 31493459 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2019.103568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The axial skeleton is divided into different regions based on its morphological features. In particular, in birds and mammals, ribs are present only in the thoracic region. The axial skeleton is derived from a series of somites. In the thoracic region of the axial skeleton, descendants of somites coherently penetrate into the somatic mesoderm to form ribs. In regions other than the thoracic, descendants of somites do not penetrate the somatic lateral plate mesoderm. We performed live-cell time-lapse imaging to investigate the difference in the migration of a somite cell after contact with the somatic lateral plate mesoderm obtained from different regions of anterior-posterior axis in vitro on cytophilic narrow paths. We found that a thoracic somite cell continues to migrate after contact with the thoracic somatic lateral plate mesoderm, whereas it ceases migration after contact with the lumbar somatic lateral plate mesoderm. This suggests that cell-cell interaction works as an important guidance cue that regulates migration of somite cells. We surmise that the thoracic somatic lateral plate mesoderm exhibits region-specific competence to allow penetration of somite cells, whereas the lumbosacral somatic lateral plate mesoderm repels somite cells by contact inhibition of locomotion. The differences in the behavior of the somatic lateral plate mesoderm toward somite cells may confirm the distinction between different regions of the axial skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Matsutani
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Koji Ikegami
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Aoyama
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Medical Science and Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 555-36 Kurosegakuendai, Higashihiroshima City, Hiroshima 739-2695, Japan.
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177
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Plutoni C, Keil S, Zeledon C, Delsin LEA, Decelle B, Roux PP, Carréno S, Emery G. Misshapen coordinates protrusion restriction and actomyosin contractility during collective cell migration. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3940. [PMID: 31477736 PMCID: PMC6718686 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is involved in development, wound healing and metastasis. In the Drosophila ovary, border cells (BC) form a small cluster that migrates collectively through the egg chamber. To achieve directed motility, the BC cluster coordinates the formation of protrusions in its leader cell and contractility at the rear. Restricting protrusions to leader cells requires the actin and plasma membrane linker Moesin. Herein, we show that the Ste20-like kinase Misshapen phosphorylates Moesin in vitro and in BC. Depletion of Misshapen disrupts protrusion restriction, thereby allowing other cells within the cluster to protrude. In addition, we show that Misshapen is critical to generate contractile forces both at the rear of the cluster and at the base of protrusions. Together, our results indicate that Misshapen is a key regulator of BC migration as it coordinates two independent pathways that restrict protrusion formation to the leader cells and induces contractile forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Plutoni
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Keil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Carlos Zeledon
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lara Elis Alberici Delsin
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara Decelle
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Carréno
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregory Emery
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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178
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Barriga EH, Mayor R. Adjustable viscoelasticity allows for efficient collective cell migration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 93:55-68. [PMID: 29859995 PMCID: PMC6854469 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for a wide range of biological processes such as embryo morphogenesis, wound healing, regeneration, and also in pathological conditions, such as cancer. In such contexts, cells are required to migrate as individual entities or as highly coordinated collectives, both of which requiring cells to respond to molecular and mechanical cues from their environment. However, whilst the function of chemical cues in cell migration is comparatively well understood, the role of tissue mechanics on cell migration is just starting to be studied. Recent studies suggest that the dynamic tuning of the viscoelasticity within a migratory cluster of cells, and the adequate elastic properties of its surrounding tissues, are essential to allow efficient collective cell migration in vivo. In this review we focus on the role of viscoelasticity in the control of collective cell migration in various cellular systems, mentioning briefly some aspects of single cell migration. We aim to provide details on how viscoelasticity of collectively migrating groups of cells and their surroundings is adjusted to ensure correct morphogenesis, wound healing, and metastasis. Finally, we attempt to show that environmental viscoelasticity triggers molecular changes within migrating clusters and that these new molecular setups modify clusters' viscoelasticity, ultimately allowing them to migrate across the challenging geometries of their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias H Barriga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
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179
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Norden C, Lecaudey V. Collective cell migration: general themes and new paradigms. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 57:54-60. [PMID: 31430686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration plays essential roles in embryogenesis and also contributes to disease states. Recent years have seen immense progress in understanding mechanisms and overarching concepts of collective cell migration. Self-organization of moving groups emerges as an important common feature. This includes self-generating gradients, internal chemotaxis or mechanotaxis and contact-dependent polarization within migrating cell groups. Here, we will discuss these concepts and their applications to classical models of collective cell migration. Further, we discuss new models and paradigms of collective cell migration and elaborate on open questions and future challenges. Answering these questions will help to expand our appreciation of this exciting theme in developmental cell biology and contribute to the understanding of disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Norden
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Virginie Lecaudey
- Department of Developmental Biology of Vertebrates, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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180
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Yoon C, Choi C, Stapleton S, Mirabella T, Howes C, Dong L, King J, Yang J, Oberai A, Eyckmans J, Chen CS. Myosin IIA-mediated forces regulate multicellular integrity during vascular sprouting. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1974-1984. [PMID: 31318321 PMCID: PMC6727772 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-02-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic sprouting is a critical process involved in vascular network formation within tissues. During sprouting, tip cells and ensuing stalk cells migrate collectively into the extracellular matrix while preserving cell–cell junctions, forming patent structures that support blood flow. Although several signaling pathways have been identified as controlling sprouting, it remains unclear to what extent this process is mechanoregulated. To address this question, we investigated the role of cellular contractility in sprout morphogenesis, using a biomimetic model of angiogenesis. Three-dimensional maps of mechanical deformations generated by sprouts revealed that mainly leader cells, not stalk cells, exert contractile forces on the surrounding matrix. Surprisingly, inhibiting cellular contractility with blebbistatin did not affect the extent of cellular invasion but resulted in cell–cell dissociation primarily between tip and stalk cells. Closer examination of cell–cell junctions revealed that blebbistatin impaired adherens-junction organization, particularly between tip and stalk cells. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, we further identified NMIIA as the major isoform responsible for regulating multicellularity and cell contractility during sprouting. Together, these studies reveal a critical role for NMIIA-mediated contractile forces in maintaining multicellularity during sprouting and highlight the central role of forces in regulating cell–cell adhesions during collective motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yoon
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Colin Choi
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Sarah Stapleton
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Teodelinda Mirabella
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Caroline Howes
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180.,The Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Jessica King
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Jinling Yang
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Assad Oberai
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180.,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007
| | - Jeroen Eyckmans
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Biological Design Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115
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181
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Abstract
Neural crest cells are a transient embryonic cell population that migrate collectively to various locations throughout the embryo to contribute a number of cell types to several organs. After induction, the neural crest delaminates and undergoes an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition before migrating through intricate yet characteristic paths. The neural crest exhibits a variety of migratory behaviors ranging from sheet-like mass migration in the cephalic regions to chain migration in the trunk. During their journey, neural crest cells rely on a range of signals both from their environment and within the migrating population for navigating through the embryo as a collective. Here we review these interactions and mechanisms, including chemotactic cues of neural crest cells' migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szabó
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
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182
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Tsakiroglou P, Weber J, Ashworth S, Del Bo C, Klimis-Zacas D. Phenolic and anthocyanin fractions from wild blueberries (V. angustifolium) differentially modulate endothelial cell migration partially through RHOA and RAC1. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11056-11067. [PMID: 30701579 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of anthocyanin (ACN), phenolic acid (PA) fractions, and their combination (ACNs:PAs) from wild blueberry powder (Vaccinum angustifolium) on the speed of endothelial cell migration, gene expression, and protein levels of RAC1 and RHOA associated with acute exposure to different concentrations of ACNs and PAs. Time-lapse videos were analyzed and endothelial cell speed was calculated. Treatment with ACNs at 60 μg/mL inhibited endothelial cell migration rate ( P ≤ 0.05) while treatment with PAs at 0.002 μg/mL ( P ≤ 0.0001), 60 μg/mL ( P ≤ 0.0001), and 120 μg/mL ( P ≤ 0.01) significantly increased endothelial cell migration rate compared with control. Moreover, exposure of HUVECs to ACNs:PAs at 8:8 μg/mL ( P ≤ 0.05) and 60:60 μg/mL increased ( P ≤ 0.001) endothelial cell migration. Gene expression of RAC1 and RHOA significantly increased 2 hours after exposure with all treatments. No effect of the above fractions was observed on the protein levels of RAC1 and RHOA. Findings suggest that endothelial cell migration is differentially modulated based on the type of blueberry extract (ACN or PA fraction) and is concentration-dependent. Future studies should determine the mechanism of the differential action of the above fractions on endothelial cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Weber
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
| | - Sharon Ashworth
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
| | - Cristian Del Bo
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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183
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Functional Epithelium Remodeling in Response to Applied Stress under In Vitro Conditions. Appl Bionics Biomech 2019; 2019:4892709. [PMID: 31236134 PMCID: PMC6545815 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4892709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematical modeling is often used in tissue engineering in order to overcome one of its major challenges: transformation of complex biological and rheological behaviors of cells and tissue in a mathematically predictive and physically manipulative engineering process. The successive accomplishment of this task will greatly help in quantifying and optimizing clinical application of the tissue engineering products. One of the problems emerging in this area is the relation between resting and migrating cell groups, as well as between different configurations of migrating cells and viscoelasticity. A deeper comprehension of the relation between various configurations of migrating cells and viscoelasticity at the supracellular level represents the prerequisite for optimization of the performance of the artificial epithelium. Since resting and migrating cell groups have a considerable difference in stiffness, a change in their mutual volume ratio and distribution may affect the viscoelasticity of multicellular surfaces. If those cell groups are treated as different phases, then an analogous model may be applied to represent such systems. In this work, a two-step Eyring model is developed in order to demonstrate the main mechanical and biochemical factors that influence configurations of migrating cells. This model could be also used for considering the long-time cell rearrangement under various types of applied stress. The results of this theoretical analysis point out the cause-consequence relationship between the configuration of migrating cells and rheological behavior of multicellular surfaces. Configuration of migrating cells is influenced by mechanical and biochemical perturbations, difficult to measure experimentally, which lead to uncorrelated motility. Uncorrelated motility results in (1) decrease of the volume fraction of migrating cells, (2) change of their configuration, and (3) softening of multicellular surfaces.
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184
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Campo M, Schnyder SK, Molina JJ, Speck T, Yamamoto R. Spontaneous spatiotemporal ordering of shape oscillations enhances cell migration. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4939-4946. [PMID: 31169857 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The migration of cells is relevant for processes such as morphogenesis, wound healing, and invasion of cancer cells. In order to move, single cells deform cyclically. However, it is not understood how these shape oscillations influence collective properties. Here we demonstrate, using numerical simulations, that the interplay of directed motion, shape oscillations, and excluded volume enables cells to locally "synchronize" their motion and thus enhance collective migration. Our model captures elongation and contraction of crawling ameboid cells controlled by an internal clock with a fixed period, mimicking the internal cycle of biological cells. We show that shape oscillations are crucial for local rearrangements that induce ordering of neighboring cells according to their internal clocks even in the absence of signaling and regularization. Our findings reveal a novel, purely physical mechanism through which the internal dynamics of cells influences their collective behavior, which is distinct from well known mechanisms like chemotaxis, cell division, and cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Campo
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7-9, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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185
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Yamamoto S, Okada K, Sasaki N, Chang AC, Yamaguchi K, Nakanishi J. Photoactivatable Hydrogel Interfaces for Resolving the Interplay of Chemical, Mechanical, and Geometrical Regulation of Collective Cell Migration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7459-7468. [PMID: 30379076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Collective migration is the mechanobiological interplay within migrating cell clusters and against extracellular matrixes (ECMs) underneath, mediating various physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a robust platform on which collective migration can be studied under standardized conditions to understand how cells migrate differently between normal and disease states. We herein demonstrated phtotoactivatable hydrogel interfaces as suitable candidates for such applications. The substrate was composed of a poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) hydrogel whose surface was sequentially functionalized with poly-d-lysine (PDL) and photocleavable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). On the surface of the gel substrates, cell clusters with any given geometries can be prepared by controlling the irradiation patterns (geometrical cue), and their collective migration can be induced by the subsequent irradiation of the surrounding regions. Moreover, the substrate mechanical properties can be controlled by changing the composition of the PAAm hydrogel (mechanical cue), and the chemical properties were controlled by changing the amount of immobilized PDL, thereby altering the adsorbed amount of ECM proteins (chemical cue). The photoactivatable gel substrates were characterized by fluorescence microscopy, ζ-potential measurements, and the protein adsorption test. Through the study of the interplay of chemical, mechanical, and geometrical cues in the regulation of collective characteristics, we found additive effects of chemical and mechanical cues on the suppression of circular expansion by up-regulating the epithelial morphology. Also, the impact of geometrical cues became more significant by decreasing the chemical cue. We believe the present platform will be a useful research tool for the comprehensive mechanobiological analysis of collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yamamoto
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Kei Okada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Toyo University , 2100 Kujirai , Kawagoe , Saitama 350-8585 , Japan
| | - Naoki Sasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Toyo University , 2100 Kujirai , Kawagoe , Saitama 350-8585 , Japan
| | - Alice Chinghsuan Chang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry , Kanagawa University , 2946 Tsuchiya , Hiratsuka , Kanagawa 259-1293 , Japan
| | - Jun Nakanishi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering , Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo , Shinjuku-ku , Tokyo 169-8555 , Japan
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186
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Ouabain Accelerates Collective Cell Migration Through a cSrc and ERK1/2 Sensitive Metalloproteinase Activity. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:549-559. [PMID: 31041466 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies made in the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell line showed that ouabain regulates cell adhesion and cell-adhesion-related biological processes, such as migration. Here, we demonstrated that 10 nM ouabain accelerates collective cell migration and heals wounds in cultured MDCK cell monolayers. Ouabain-induced acceleration of cell migration depends on activation of the cSrc-ERK1/2 signaling cascade, as it was inhibited by the kinase inhibitors PP2 and PD98059. Activation of the cSrc-ERK1/2 signaling cascade increased expression and activation of the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Inhibition of MMP activity using the generic inhibitor GM6001 or the potent iMMP-2 inhibitor prevented the accelerative effect of ouabain. Likewise, Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) inhibition with the transfection of dominant negative peptide FRNK impaired the effect of ouabain. These results suggest that ouabain binding to the Na+,K+-ATPase accelerates collective migration of MDCK cells through activation of the cSrc-ERK1/2-FAK signaling cascade and promoting secretion and MMP activity.
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187
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Sánchez-Vásquez E, Bronner ME, Strobl-Mazzulla PH. Epigenetic inactivation of miR-203 as a key step in neural crest epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Development 2019; 146:dev.171017. [PMID: 30910825 DOI: 10.1242/dev.171017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
miR-203 is a tumor-suppressor microRNA with known functions in cancer metastasis. Here, we explore its normal developmental role in the context of neural crest development. During the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of neural crest cells to emigrate from the neural tube, miR-203 displays a reciprocal expression pattern with key regulators of neural crest delamination, Phf12 and Snail2, and interacts with their 3'UTRs. We show that ectopic maintenance of miR-203 inhibits neural crest migration in chick, whereas its functional inhibition using a 'sponge' vector or morpholinos promotes premature neural crest delamination. Bisulfite sequencing further shows that epigenetic repression of miR-203 is mediated by the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B, the recruitment of which to regulatory regions on the miR-203 locus is directed by SNAIL2 in a negative-feedback loop. These findings reveal an important role for miR-203 in an epigenetic-microRNA regulatory network that influences the timing of neural crest delamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Sánchez-Vásquez
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús 7130, Argentina
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology 139-74, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Pablo H Strobl-Mazzulla
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús 7130, Argentina
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188
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Login FH, Jensen HH, Pedersen GA, Koffman JS, Kwon TH, Parsons M, Nejsum LN. Aquaporins differentially regulate cell‐cell adhesion in MDCK cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:6980-6994. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802068rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helene H. Jensen
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Gitte A. Pedersen
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityTaeguSouth Korea
| | | | - Lene N. Nejsum
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience CenterAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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189
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Pierzchalska M, Panek M, Grabacka M. The migration and fusion events related to ROCK activity strongly influence the morphology of chicken embryo intestinal organoids. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:575-581. [PMID: 30327884 PMCID: PMC6514079 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The method of organoid culture has become a tool widely used in gastrointestinal research, but so far, the migration of organoids derived from gut epithelium and formed in 3D Matrigel matrix has not been reported and studied. The intestinal epithelial tissue derived from 19-day-old chicken embryo was cultured in Matrigel and the dynamic properties of the forming organoids were analyzed by time-lapse image analysis. It was observed that about one in ten organoids actively moved through the matrix, at a speed of 10-20 μm/h. Moreover, rotation was observed in the majority of organoids that did not migrate long distances. The fusion events took place between organoids, which collided during the movement or growth. In our previous paper, we showed that the presence of Toll-like receptor 4 ligand, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/ml), increased the mean organoid diameter. Here, we confirm this result and demonstrate that the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 (10 μM) did not completely abolish organoid migration, but prevented the fusion events, in both LPS-treated and untreated cultures. In consequence, in the presence of Y-27632, the differences between cultures incubated with and without LPS were not visible. We conclude that migration and fusion of organoids may influence their morphology and suggest that these phenomena should be taken into account during the design of experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Panek
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maja Grabacka
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, The University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149, Kraków, Poland
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190
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Chen S, Hourwitz MJ, Campanello L, Fourkas JT, Losert W, Parent CA. Actin Cytoskeleton and Focal Adhesions Regulate the Biased Migration of Breast Cancer Cells on Nanoscale Asymmetric Sawteeth. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1454-1468. [PMID: 30707556 PMCID: PMC7159974 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Physical guidance from the underlying matrix is a key regulator of cancer invasion and metastasis. We explore the effects of surface topography on the migration phenotype of multiple breast cancer cell lines using aligned nanoscale ridges and asymmetric sawtooth structures. Both benign and metastatic breast cancer cells preferentially move parallel to nanoridges, with enhanced speeds compared to flat surfaces. In contrast, asymmetric sawtooth structures unidirectionally bias the movement of breast cancer cells in a cell-type-dependent manner. Quantitative analysis shows that the level of bias in cell migration increases when cells move with higher speeds or with higher directional persistence. Live-cell imaging studies further reveal that actin polymerization waves are unidirectionally guided by the sawteeth in the same direction as the cell motion. High-resolution fluorescence imaging and scanning electron microscopy studies reveal that two breast cancer cell lines with opposite migrational profiles exhibit profoundly different cell cortical plasticity and focal adhesion patterns. These results suggest that the overall migration response of cancer cells to surface topography is directly related to the underlying cytoskeletal architectures and dynamics, which are regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matt J. Hourwitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Leonard Campanello
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Carole A. Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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191
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Goudarzi M, Boquet-Pujadas A, Olivo-Marin JC, Raz E. Fluid dynamics during bleb formation in migrating cells in vivo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212699. [PMID: 30807602 PMCID: PMC6391022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Blebs are cellular protrusions observed in migrating cells and in cells undergoing spreading, cytokinesis, and apoptosis. Here we investigate the flow of cytoplasm during bleb formation and the concurrent changes in cell volume using zebrafish primordial germ cells (PGCs) as an in vivo model. We show that bleb inflation occurs concomitantly with cytoplasmic inflow into it and that during this process the total cell volume does not change. We thus show that bleb formation in primordial germ cells results primarily from redistribution of material within the cell rather than being driven by flow of water from an external source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleix Boquet-Pujadas
- Institut Pasteur, Bioimage Analysis Unit, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR3691, Paris, France
| | | | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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192
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Alieva M, Leidgens V, Riemenschneider MJ, Klein CA, Hau P, van Rheenen J. Intravital imaging of glioma border morphology reveals distinctive cellular dynamics and contribution to tumor cell invasion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2054. [PMID: 30765850 PMCID: PMC6375955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by highly invasive behavior allowing dissemination and progression. A conclusive image of the invasive process is not available. The aim of this work was to study invasion dynamics in GBM using an innovative in vivo imaging approach. Primary brain tumor initiating cell lines from IDH-wild type GBM stably expressing H2B-Dendra2 were implanted orthotopically in the brains of SCID mice. Using high-resolution time-lapse intravital imaging, tumor cell migration in the tumor core, border and invasive front was recorded. Tumor cell dynamics at different border configurations were analyzed and multivariate linear modelling of tumor cell spreading was performed. We found tumor border configurations, recapitulating human tumor border morphologies. Not only tumor borders but also the tumor core was composed of highly dynamic cells, with no clear correlation to the ability to spread into the brain. Two types of border configurations contributed to tumor cell spreading through distinct invasion patterns: an invasive margin that executes slow but directed invasion, and a diffuse infiltration margin with fast but less directed movement. By providing a more detailed view on glioma invasion patterns, our study may improve accuracy of prognosis and serve as a basis for personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alieva
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Prinses Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Verena Leidgens
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph A Klein
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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193
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Du W, Hong S, Scapin G, Goulard M, Shah DI. Directed Collective Cell Migration Using Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Micropatterns on Thermoresponsive Surfaces for Myotube Formation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3935-3943. [PMID: 31723595 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Directed collective cell migration governs cell orientation during tissue morphogenesis, wound healing, and tumor metastasis. Unfortunately, current methods for initiating collective cell migration, such as scratching, laser ablation, and stencils, either introduce uncontrolled cell-injury, involve multiple fabrication processes, or have utility limited to cells with strong cell-cell junctions. Using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) micropatterns on temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) coated interfaces, we demonstrate that directed injury-free collective cell migration could occur in parallel and perpendicular directions. After seeding cells, we created cell-free spaces between two 3D bioprinted GelMA micropatterns by lowering the temperature of PNIPAm interfaces to promote the cell detachment. Unlike conventional collective cell migration methods initiated by stencils, we observed well-organized cell migration in parallel and perpendicular to 3D bioprinted micropatterns as a function of the distance between 3D bioprinted micropatterns. We further established the utility of controlled collective cell migration for directed functional myotube formation using 3D bioprinted fingerprintlike micropatterns as well as iris musclelike concentric circular patterns. Our platform is unique for myoblast alignment and myotube formation because it does not require anisotropic guidance cues. Together, our findings establish how to achieve controlled collective cell migration, even at the macroscale, for tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Du
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sungmin Hong
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Giorgia Scapin
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Marie Goulard
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dhvanit I Shah
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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194
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Lee JH, Kim DH, Lee HH, Kim HW. Role of nuclear mechanosensitivity in determining cellular responses to forces and biomaterials. Biomaterials 2019; 197:60-71. [PMID: 30641265 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineers use biomaterials or apply forces to alter cell behaviors and cure damaged/diseased tissues. The external physical cues perceived by cells are transduced intracellularly along the mechanosensitive machineries, including subcellular adhesion molecules and cytoskeletons. The signals are further channeled to a nucleus through the physical links of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton or the biochemical translocation of transcription factors. Thus, the external cues are thought to affect directly or indirectly the nucleus and the genetic transcriptional process, ultimately determining cell fate. Here we communicate the importance of such mechanotransductory processes in cell and tissue engineering where external forces- or biomaterials-related physical cues essentially regulate cellular behaviors, with an emphasis on the mechanosensing and signaling along the road to a nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwee Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 20841, South Korea
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
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195
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Bernadskaya YY, Brahmbhatt S, Gline SE, Wang W, Christiaen L. Discoidin-domain receptor coordinates cell-matrix adhesion and collective polarity in migratory cardiopharyngeal progenitors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:57. [PMID: 30610187 PMCID: PMC6320373 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated analyses of regulated effector genes, cellular processes, and extrinsic signals are required to understand how transcriptional networks coordinate fate specification and cell behavior during embryogenesis. Ciona cardiopharyngeal progenitors, the trunk ventral cells (TVCs), polarize as leader and trailer cells that migrate between the ventral epidermis and trunk endoderm. We show that the TVC-specific collagen-binding Discoidin-domain receptor (Ddr) cooperates with Integrin-β1 to promote cell-matrix adhesion. We find that endodermal cells secrete a collagen, Col9-a1, that is deposited in the basal epidermal matrix and promotes Ddr activation at the ventral membrane of migrating TVCs. A functional antagonism between Ddr/Intβ1-mediated cell-matrix adhesion and Vegfr signaling appears to modulate the position of cardiopharyngeal progenitors between the endoderm and epidermis. We show that Ddr promotes leader-trailer-polarized BMP-Smad signaling independently of its role in cell-matrix adhesion. We propose that dual functions of Ddr integrate transcriptional inputs to coordinate subcellular processes underlying collective polarity and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Y Bernadskaya
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, 10003, NY, USA
| | - Saahil Brahmbhatt
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, 10003, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie E Gline
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, 10003, NY, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, 10003, NY, USA
| | - Lionel Christiaen
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, 10003, NY, USA.
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196
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Abstract
Neural crest cells are the embryonic precursors of most neurons and all glia of the peripheral nervous system, pigment cells, some endocrine components, and connective tissue of the head, face, neck, and heart. Following induction, crest cells undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition that enables them to migrate along specific pathways culminating in their phenotypic differentiation. Researching this unique embryonic population has revealed important understandings of basic biological and developmental principles. These principles are likely to assist in clarifying the etiology and help in finding strategies for the treatment of neural crest diseases, collectively termed neurocristopathies. The progress achieved in neural crest research is made feasible thanks to the continuous development of species-specific in vivo and in vitro paradigms and more recently the possibility to produce neural crest cells and specific derivatives from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells. All of the above assist us in elucidating mechanisms that regulate neural crest development using state-of-the art cellular, molecular, and imaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaya Kalcheim
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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197
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Schumacher L. Collective Cell Migration in Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1146:105-116. [PMID: 31612456 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17593-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is a key process in developmental biology, facilitating the bulk movement of cells in the morphogenesis of animal tissues. Predictive understanding in this field remains challenging due to the complexity of many interacting cells, their signalling, and microenvironmental factors - all of which can give rise to non-intuitive emergent behaviours. In this chapter we discuss biological examples of collective cell migration from a range of model systems, developmental stages, and spatial scales: border cell migration and haemocyte dispersal in Drosophila, gastrulation, neural crest migration, lateral line formation in zebrafish, and branching morphogenesis; as well as examples of developmental defects and similarities to metastatic invasion in cancer. These examples will be used to illustrate principles that we propose to be important: heterogeneity of cell states, substrate-free migration, contact-inhibition of locomotion, confinement and repulsive cues, cell-induced (or self-generated) gradients, stochastic group decisions, tissue mechanics, and reprogramming of cell behaviours. Understanding how such principles play a common, overarching role across multiple biological systems may lead towards a more integrative understanding of the causes and function of collective cell migration in developmental biology, and to potential strategies for the repair of developmental defects, the prevention and control of cancer, and advances in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Schumacher
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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198
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Computational Modeling of Collective Cell Migration: Mechanical and Biochemical Aspects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1146:1-11. [PMID: 31612450 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17593-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration plays key roles in various physiological and pathological processes in multicellular organisms, including embryonic development, wound healing, and formation of cancer metastases. Such collective migration involves complex crosstalk among cells and their environment at both biochemical and mechanical levels. Here, we review various computational modeling strategies that have been helpful in decoding the dynamics of collective cell migration. Most of such attempts have focused either aspect - mechanical or biochemical regulation of collective cell migration, and have yielded complementary insights. Finally, we suggest some possible ways to integrate these models to gain a more comprehensive understanding of collective cell migration.
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199
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Mathur J, Sarker B, Pathak A. Predicting Collective Migration of Cell Populations Defined by Varying Repolarization Dynamics. Biophys J 2018; 115:2474-2485. [PMID: 30527449 PMCID: PMC6302036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective migration of heterogeneous cell populations is an essential aspect of fundamental biological processes, including morphogenesis, wound healing, and tumor invasion. Through experiments and modeling, it has been shown that cells attain front-rear polarity, generate forces, and form adhesions to migrate. However, it remains unclear how the ability of individual cells in a population to dynamically repolarize themselves into new directions could regulate the collective response. We present a vertex-based model in which each deformable cell randomly chooses a new polarization direction after every defined time interval, elongates, proportionally generates forces, and causes collective migration. Our simulations predict that cell types that repolarize at longer time intervals attain more elongated shapes, migrate faster, deform the cell sheet, and roughen the leading edge. By imaging collectively migrating epithelial cell monolayers at high temporal resolution, we found longer repolarization intervals and elongated shapes of cells at the leading edge compared to those within the monolayer. Based on these experimental measurements and simulations, we defined aggressive mutant leader cells by long repolarization interval and minimal intercellular contact. The cells with frequent and random repolarization were defined as normal cells. In simulations with uniformly dispersed leader cells in a normal cell population at a 1:10 ratio, the resulting migration and deformation of the heterogeneous cell sheet remained low. However, when the 10% mutant leaders were placed only at the leading edge, we predicted a rise in the migration of an otherwise normal cell sheet. Our model predicts that a repolarization-based definition of leader cells and their placement within a healthy population can generate myriad modes of collective cell migration, which can enhance our understanding of collective cell migration in disease and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairaj Mathur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bapi Sarker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Amit Pathak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
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200
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Patteson AE, Gopinath A, Arratia PE. The propagation of active-passive interfaces in bacterial swarms. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5373. [PMID: 30560867 PMCID: PMC6299137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Propagating interfaces are ubiquitous in nature, underlying instabilities and pattern formation in biology and material science. Physical principles governing interface growth are well understood in passive settings; however, our understanding of interfaces in active systems is still in its infancy. Here, we study the evolution of an active-passive interface using a model active matter system, bacterial swarms. We use ultra-violet light exposure to create compact domains of passive bacteria within Serratia marcescens swarms, thereby creating interfaces separating motile and immotile cells. Post-exposure, the boundary re-shapes and erodes due to self-emergent collective flows. We demonstrate that the active-passive boundary acts as a diffuse interface with mechanical properties set by the flow. Intriguingly, interfacial velocity couples to local swarm speed and interface curvature, raising the possibility that an active analogue to classic Gibbs-Thomson-Stefan conditions may control this boundary propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Patteson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Arvind Gopinath
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, CA, 95340, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, 95340, USA
| | - Paulo E Arratia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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