151
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Gupta S, Ghulmiyyah J, Sharma R, Halabi J, Agarwal A. Power of proteomics in linking oxidative stress and female infertility. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:916212. [PMID: 24900998 PMCID: PMC4036646 DOI: 10.1155/2014/916212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis, PCOS, and unexplained infertility are currently the most common diseases rendering large numbers of women infertile worldwide. Oxidative stress, due to its deleterious effects on proteins and nucleic acids, is postulated to be the one of the important mechanistic pathways in differential expression of proteins and in these diseases. The emerging field of proteomics has allowed identification of proteins involved in cell cycle, as antioxidants, extracellular matrix (ECM), cytoskeleton, and their linkage to oxidative stress in female infertility related diseases. The aim of this paper is to assess the association of oxidative stress and protein expression in the reproductive microenvironments such as endometrial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and follicular fluid, as well as reproductive tissues and serum. The review also highlights the literature that proposes the use of the fertility related proteins as potential biomarkers for noninvasive and early diagnosis of the aforementioned diseases rather than utilizing the more invasive methods used currently. The review will highlight the power of proteomic profiles identified in infertility related disease conditions and their linkage with underlying oxidative stress. The power of proteomics will be reviewed with regard to eliciting molecular mechanisms for early detection and management of these infertility related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajal Gupta
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Desk X11, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jana Ghulmiyyah
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Desk X11, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Desk X11, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jacques Halabi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Desk X11, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Desk X11, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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152
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Palini S, Benedetti S, Tagliamonte MC, De Stefani S, Primiterra M, Polli V, Rocchi P, Catalani S, Battistelli S, Canestrari F, Bulletti C. Influence of ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI on the antioxidant defence system and relationship to outcome. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 29:65-71. [PMID: 24813757 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian stimulation is used with IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles to obtain multiple oocytes and improve pregnancy rates; however, it also induces perturbation in the oxidant-antioxidant balance leading to oxidation stress. The present study monitored the plasma antioxidant status in women undergoing a long agonist protocol of ovarian stimulation at three different time points: at baseline (T0), after pituitary suppression (T1) and on the day of oocyte retrieval (T2). The antioxidant composition of follicular fluid samples collected on T2 was also evaluated. Significant decreases (P < 0.05) of plasma vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids were found between T1 and T2 but not between T0 and T1. At T2, high plasma vitamin E was associated with high numbers of total and mature oocytes retrieved per patient, which, in turn, were favourable for achieving pregnancy. Accordingly, women who became pregnant presented higher vitamin E concentrations both in plasma and FF than those who did not. In conclusion, this study confirmed the occurrence of significant modifications of the plasma antioxidant profile during ovarian stimulation with gonadotrophins; at the same time, it was found that both systemic and follicular antioxidant status may be related to IVF/ICSI outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Palini
- Physiopathology of Reproduction Unit, 'Cervesi' Hospital, Cattolica, Rimini, Italy
| | - Serena Benedetti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Italy.
| | - Maria Chiara Tagliamonte
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Italy
| | - Silvia De Stefani
- Physiopathology of Reproduction Unit, 'Cervesi' Hospital, Cattolica, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Polli
- Physiopathology of Reproduction Unit, 'Cervesi' Hospital, Cattolica, Rimini, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rocchi
- Physiopathology of Reproduction Unit, 'Cervesi' Hospital, Cattolica, Rimini, Italy
| | - Simona Catalani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Italy
| | - Serafina Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Italy
| | - Franco Canestrari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Italy
| | - Carlo Bulletti
- Physiopathology of Reproduction Unit, 'Cervesi' Hospital, Cattolica, Rimini, Italy
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153
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Lapointe J. Mitochondria as promising targets for nutritional interventions aiming to improve performance and longevity of sows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 98:809-21. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lapointe
- Dairy and Swine R & D Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Sherbrooke QC Canada
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154
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Beta-thalassemia major and female fertility: the role of iron and iron-induced oxidative stress. Anemia 2013; 2013:617204. [PMID: 24396593 PMCID: PMC3876768 DOI: 10.1155/2013/617204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine complications due to haemosiderosis are present in a significant number of patients with beta-thalassemia major (BTM) worldwide and often become barriers in their desire for parenthood. Thus, although spontaneous fertility can occur, the majority of females with BTM is infertile due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and need assisted reproductive techniques. Infertility in these women seems to be attributed to iron deposition and iron-induced oxidative stress (OS) in various endocrine organs, such as hypothalamus, pituitary, and female reproductive system, but also through the iron effect on other organs, such as liver and pancreas, contributing to the impaired metabolism of hormones and serum antioxidants. Nevertheless, the gonadal function of these patients is usually intact and fertility is usually retrievable. Meanwhile, a significant prooxidants/antioxidants imbalance with subsequent increased (OS) exists in patients with BTM, which is mainly caused by tissue injury due to overproduction of free radicals by secondary iron overload, but also due to alteration in serum trace elements and antioxidant enzymes. Not only using the appropriate antioxidants, essential trace elements, and minerals, but also regulating the advanced glycation end products, could probably reduce the extent of oxidative damage and related complications and retrieve BTM women's infertility.
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155
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Said RS, Badr AM, Nada AS, El-Demerdash E. Sodium selenite treatment restores long-lasting ovarian damage induced by irradiation in rats: impact on oxidative stress and apoptosis. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 43:85-93. [PMID: 24291358 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious damage of reproductive function following radiotherapy is of increasing importance. In the present study, we investigated the impact of long-term sodium selenite (SS) treatment on radiotherapy-induced ovarian injury in a rat model. Two-week after radiation exposure vaginal cyclicity was arrested, and serum FSH level was elevated in irradiated female rats. SS significantly ameliorated ovarian and uterine oxidative stress induced by irradiation through decreasing the lipid peroxide level and increasing the glutathione level, and glutathione peroxidase activity. In the presence of SS, ovarian cytochrome c and caspase 3 expressions triggered by radiotherapy were decreased. SS significantly counteracted radiation-induced a widespread loss of ovarian follicles and caused further stimulation of follicular proliferation through enhancing PCNA expression. Despite such alteration in ovarian function, serum estradiol level did not change after irradiation, whereas SS significantly increased it. In conclusion, long-term SS treatment improved reproductive development, which was impaired by radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham Soliman Said
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Mohamed Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shafik Nada
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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156
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Sanchez AM, Viganò P, Somigliana E, Panina-Bordignon P, Vercellini P, Candiani M. The distinguishing cellular and molecular features of the endometriotic ovarian cyst: from pathophysiology to the potential endometrioma-mediated damage to the ovary. Hum Reprod Update 2013; 20:217-30. [PMID: 24129684 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmt053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical data suggest that the presence of an ovarian endometrioma may cause per se damage to the surrounding otherwise healthy ovarian tissue. However, the basic research has so far done a limited job in trying to understand the potential detrimental effect of an endometrioma presence in the context of the ovarian physiology. We have reviewed the literature with the aim of characterizing the pathophysiology of the endometrioma focusing mostly on factors and mechanisms potentially affecting the surrounding, otherwise normal, ovarian tissue. METHODS Comprehensive searches of PUBMED were conducted to identify human studies published from 1991 to 2013 in the English language on the cellular and molecular characterization of the various endometrioma components. RESULTS An endometrioma contains free iron, reactive oxygen species (ROS), proteolytic enzymes and inflammatory molecules in concentrations from tens to hundreds of times higher than those present in peripheral blood or in other types of benign cysts. The cyst fluid causes substantial changes in the endometriotic cells that it baths from gene expression modifications to genetic mutations The physical barrier between the cyst contents and the normal ovarian tissue is a thin wall composed of the ovarian cortex itself or fibroreactive tissue. ROS potentially permeating the surrounding tissues and proteolytic substances degrading the adjacent areas are likely to cause the substitution of normal ovarian cortical tissue with fibrous tissue in which the cortex-specific stroma is reduced. The fibrosis is associated with smooth muscle metaplasia and followed by follicular loss and intraovarian vascular injury. Follicular density in tissue surrounding the endometriotic cyst was consistently shown to be significantly lower than in healthy ovaries but this pathological change does not appear to be caused by the stretching of surrounding tissues owing to the presence of a cyst. CONCLUSIONS There is sufficient molecular, histological and morphological evidence, in part deriving from knowledge of the pathophysiology, to support a deleterious effect of the endometrioma on the adjacent ovarian cortical tissue, independent of the mere mechanical stretching owing to its size.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Sanchez
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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157
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Brosens I, Puttemans P, Benagiano G. Endometriosis: a life cycle approach? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 209:307-16. [PMID: 23500453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To improve the still fragmented understanding of endometriosis, a life cycle approach was adopted that revealed unexpected aspects of the natural history of the disease throughout a woman's life. Three age-related stages of endometriosis are distinguished. In premenarcheal and adolescent endometriosis, 2 types can be distinguished: a classic form that can occur before menarche, and a congenital obstructive form that is caused by uterine anomaly and outflow obstruction. The lesions include superficial peritoneal implants, but adhesions and endometrioma can also occur. It is suggested that premenarcheal and possibly adolescent endometriosis develop by activation of resting stem cells shed at the time of neonatal retrograde uterine bleeding. In the adult, endometriosis can be related to uterine preconditioning by cyclic menstruations acting as a priming mechanism for deep placentation. In adult life, the typical lesions are peritoneal, ovarian, and deep or adenomyotic endometriosis. More recently, endometriosis has been associated with endometrial dysfunction and myometrial junctional zone hyperplasia. These uterine changes can be linked with some major obstetrical syndromes. In postmenopause, endometriosis can develop or be reactivated both in the presence or absence of exogenous estrogens and can spread to a variety of organs and structures causing constrictive lesions.
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158
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Oxidative stress and redox regulation of gametogenesis, fertilization, and embryonic development. Reprod Med Biol 2013; 13:71-79. [PMID: 29699151 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-013-0170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the predominant causes of both male and female infertility. Oxidative stress conditions cause either cell death or senescence by oxidation of cellular molecules including nucleic acid, proteins, and lipids. It is particularly important to minimize oxidative stress when in vitro fertilization is performed for the purpose of assisted reproduction. The problems associated with assisted reproductive technology are becoming evident, and it is now the time to clarify its mechanisms and cope with them. On the other hand, the beneficial roles of ROS, such as intracellular signaling, have become evident. The antithetical functions of ROS make it more difficult to overcome the problems caused by oxidative stress. Despite the difficulty in understanding mammalian reproduction, the mechanisms and problems can be gradually unveiled by advanced technology such as genetic modification of animals.
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159
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Isaksson C. Opposing effects on glutathione and reactive oxygen metabolites of sex, habitat, and spring date, but no effect of increased breeding density in great tits (Parus major). Ecol Evol 2013; 3:2730-8. [PMID: 24567835 PMCID: PMC3930037 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (i.e., more oxidants than antioxidants) has been proposed as a proximate currency in life-history trade-offs, which if studied in an ecological setting allow a more realistic perspective on the origin and evolution of trade-offs. Therefore, the aim here was to investigate the impact of ecological and individual factors for variation in markers of oxidative stress using both experimental and correlational data. Total glutathione (tGSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), plasma antioxidant capacity (OXY), and plasma-reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) were measured in more than 700 breeding great tits (Parus major). The main results revealed a pronounced sex difference, with females having lower ROM and OXY, but higher tGSH compared with males. In addition, birds breeding in the evergreen areas had higher tGSH compared with those in the deciduous habitat, but the experimentally manipulated breeding density had no significant effect on any of the redox markers. Independent of the sex differences, the larger the reproductive investment the lower the ROM of both males and females. Taken together, the extracellular markers – ROM and OXY – revealed similar results and were highly correlated. Interestingly, the direction of their effects was in the opposite direction to the endogenously synthesized tGSH and GSSG. This highlights the need to combine extracellular markers with endogenously synthesized antioxidants to understand its implications for the origin and evolution of trade-offs in an ecological setting. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a proximate currency in life-history trade-offs, which if studied in an ecological setting allow a more realistic perspective on the origin and evolution of trade-offs. Here multiple markers of oxidative stress were analysed in wild great tits. The results reveal that the endogenously synthesized antioxidant glutathione and markers of plasma oxidative stress are affected in opposing directions with regard to sex, habitat type, and spring date. Clutch size was negatively associated with oxidative damage, which suggests that those with high reproductive investment can combat physiological costs linked to oxidative stress. The experimentally manipulated breeding density did not influence oxidative stress physiology. The study highlights the need to measure multiple markers to understand the role of oxidative stress in limiting the expression of life-history traits and trajectories in different ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Isaksson
- Edward Grey Institute Department of Zoology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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160
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Fan W, Chen K, Zheng G, Wang W, Teng A, Liu A, Ming D, Yan P. Role of liver fatty acid binding protein in hepatocellular injury: Effect of CrPic treatment. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 124:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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161
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Abstract
The spindle apparatus is a vital structure and must be structurally intact for proper segregation of the oocyte's genetic material during metaphase II. Endometriosis, oxidative stress, and cryopreservation can all adversely affect the structural integrity of the spindle, potentially resulting in aneuploidy and spontaneous abortion of the embryo. Advances in spindle imagery have made it possible to visualize the effects of environmental stresses on spindle structure. Deviation from an oocyte's normal environment can seriously impair the positioning and integrity of the spindle. Oocytes cryopreservation causes depolymerization and repolymerization of the spindle. Oocytes can also be preserved in an immature state for later in vitro maturation. A comprehensive understanding of the spindle behavior is paramount for the effective manipulation of oocytes in an assisted reproductive setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Sharma
- 1Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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162
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Wang W, Craig ZR, Basavarajappa MS, Hafner KS, Flaws JA. Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces oxidative stress and inhibits growth of mouse ovarian antral follicles. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:152. [PMID: 23077170 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is the active metabolite of the most commonly used plasticizer, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and is considered to be a reproductive toxicant. However, little is known about the effects of MEHP on ovarian antral follicles. Thus, the present study tested the hypothesis that MEHP inhibits follicle growth via oxidative stress pathways. The data indicate that MEHP increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inhibits follicle growth in antral follicles, whereas N-acetylcysteine (NAC; an antioxidant) restores ROS levels to control levels and rescues follicles from MEHP-induced inhibition of follicle growth. To further analyze the mechanism by which MEHP induces oxidative stress and inhibits follicle growth, the expression and activities of various key antioxidant enzymes (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase [SOD1], glutathione peroxidase [GPX], and catalase [CAT]) and the expression of key cell-cycle regulators (Ccnd2, Ccne1, and Cdk4) and apoptotic regulators (Bcl-2 and Bax) were compared in control and MEHP-treated follicles. The data indicate that MEHP inhibits the expression and activities of SOD1 and GPX; does not inhibit Cat expression; inhibits the expression of Ccnd2, Ccne1, Cdk4, and Bcl-2; but increases the expression of Bax compared to controls. Furthermore, NAC blocks these toxic effects of MEHP. Collectively, these data suggest that MEHP induces oxidative stress by disrupting the activities of antioxidant enzymes. This may lead to decreased expression of cell-cycle regulators and antiapoptotic regulators and increased expression of proapoptotic factors, which then may lead to inhibition of follicle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
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163
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Does mode of delivery affect neonate oxidative stress in parturition? Review of literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 287:403-6. [PMID: 23143408 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The production of reactive oxygen substances plays an important regulatory role in many physiologic reproductive processes. Excessive production may lead to oxidative stress (OS), and bring about pregnancy disorders. Growing evidence indicates that OS plays a major role in the pathophysiology of complications such as early pregnancy loss, placental insufficiency, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and neonatal complications. Whether parturition induces oxidative stress is in dispute. In this review, we elaborate the influence of mode of delivery (vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery) on oxidative stress of neonates. METHODS A review of old and recent literature was done. The studies were divided according to the impact of mode of delivery on oxidative stress in the newborn. RESULTS There is a divergence in the oxidative stress production according to the mode of delivery. CONCLUSIONS In view of neonatal oxidative stress measures, no major difference was found between uncomplicated vaginal delivery and elective cesarean section.
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164
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Valckx SDM, De Pauw I, De Neubourg D, Inion I, Berth M, Fransen E, Bols PEJ, Leroy JLMR. BMI-related metabolic composition of the follicular fluid of women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment and the consequences for oocyte and embryo quality. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:3531-9. [PMID: 23019302 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is the metabolic composition of the follicular fluid of women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment (ART) related to serum composition and BMI and is it associated with oocyte and embryo quality? SUMMARY ANSWER We showed that metabolic alterations in the serum are reflected in the follicular fluid and that some of these alterations may affect oocyte quality, irrespective of BMI. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Many studies have focused on the effect of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, on assisted reproduction outcomes. There are, however, only few studies focusing on the importance of the correlation between serum and follicular fluid compositions and the composition of the follicular fluid as the oocyte's micro-environment, affecting its development and subsequent embryo quality. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING In this prospective cohort study, patient information, fertility treatment outcome data, follicular fluid and serum were obtained from women undergoing ART. Patients were categorized according to their BMI (kg/m(2)) as normal (n = 60), overweight (n = 26) or obese (n = 20). Serum and follicular fluid samples were analyzed for urea, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, glucose, lactate, C-reactive protein, insulin-like growth factor -1 (IGF-1), IGF-binding protein 3 (only in follicular fluid), free carnitine and total carnitine. Metabolite concentrations in serum and follicular fluid samples were correlated and were associated with BMI and fertility treatment outcome. MAIN RESULTS Most serum metabolite differences between patients were reflected in the follicular fluid (P < 0.05). Follicular fluid apolipoprotein A1 and follicular fluid total protein concentrations negatively affected oocyte quality parameters (P < 0.05). However, overall BMI-related associations were poor. BIAS, CONFOUNDING AND OTHER REASONS FOR CAUTION In this study, we included every patient willing to participate. Within this cohort, women with a BMI transcending 35 kg/m(2) were scarce (n = 2), because extremely overweight women are mostly advised to lose weight before starting ART. Furthermore, the number of patients in each BMI group was different, possibly masking associations between the metabolic composition of serum and follicular fluid and oocyte quality parameters. GENERALIZABILITY TO OTHER POPULATIONS There were significant associations indicating that metabolic changes in the serum are reflected in the follicular fluid, potentially affecting oocyte quality, irrespective of the patient's BMI. For ethical reasons, this study only focused on women already in need of artificial reproductive treatment. From a metabolic point of view, we consider this cohort as a representative sample of all women of reproductive age. STUDY FUNDING This study was funded by the special research fund, university of Antwerp (BOF UA). None of the authors has any conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D M Valckx
- Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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165
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Al-Gubory KH, Garrel C, Faure P, Sugino N. Roles of antioxidant enzymes in corpus luteum rescue from reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25:551-60. [PMID: 23063822 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone produced by the corpus luteum (CL) regulates the synthesis of various endometrial proteins required for embryonic implantation and development. Compromised CL progesterone production is a potential risk factor for prenatal development. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play diverse roles in mammalian reproductive biology. ROS-induced oxidative damage and subsequent adverse developmental outcomes constitute important issues in reproductive medicine. The CL is considered to be highly exposed to locally produced ROS due to its high blood vasculature and steroidogenic activity. ROS-induced apoptotic cell death is involved in the mechanisms of CL regression that occurs at the end of the non-fertile cycle. Luteal ROS production and propagation depend upon several regulating factors, including luteal antioxidants, steroid hormones and cytokines, and their crosstalk. However, it is unknown which of these factors have the greatest contribution to the maintenance of CL integrity and function during the oestrous/menstrual cycle. There is evidence to suggest that antioxidants play important roles in CL rescue from luteolysis when pregnancy ensues. As luteal phase defect impacts fertility by preventing implantation and early conceptus development in livestock and humans, this review attempts to address the importance of ROS-scavenging antioxidant enzymes in the control of mammalian CL function and integrity. The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine organ that develops after ovulation from the ovulated follicle during each reproductive cycle. The main function of the CL is the production and secretion of progesterone which is necessary for embryonic implantation and development. Compromised CL progesterone production is a potential risk factor for prenatal development and pregnancy outcomes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are natural by-products of cellular respiration and metabolism, play diverse roles in mammalian reproductive biology. ROS-induced oxidative damage and subsequent development of adverse pregnancy outcomes constitute important issues in reproductive medicine. Before the end of the first trimester, a high rate of human and animal conceptions end in spontaneous abortion and most of these losses occur at the time of implantation in association with ROS-induced oxidative damage. Every cell in the body is normally able to defend itself against the oxidative damage caused by the ROS. The cellular antioxidant enzymes constitute the first line of defence against the toxic effects of ROS. The CL is considered to be highly exposed to locally produced ROS due to its high blood vasculature and metabolic activity. There is now evidence to suggest that cellular antioxidants play important roles in CL rescue from regression when pregnancy ensues. As defective CL function impacts fertility by preventing implantation and early conceptus development in livestock and humans, this review attempts to address the importance of antioxidant enzymes in the control of mammalian CL function and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs H Al-Gubory
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Département de Physiologie Animale et systèmes d'élevage, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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166
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Al-Gubory KH, Garrel C. Antioxidative signalling pathways regulate the level of reactive oxygen species at the endometrial–extraembryonic membranes interface during early pregnancy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1511-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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167
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Rezvanfar M, Rezvanfar M, Ahmadi A, Shojaei-Saadi H, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. Molecular mechanisms of a novel selenium-based complementary medicine which confers protection against hyperandrogenism-induced polycystic ovary. Theriogenology 2012; 78:620-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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168
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Najafi T, Novin MG, Ghazi R, Khorram O. Altered endometrial expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage and infertility. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25:408-14. [PMID: 22877939 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has diverse roles in the female reproductive system including a role in blastocyst implantation. Aberrant expression of eNOS could therefore be significant in the pathogenesis of disorders of implantation. In this study, eNOS protein and mRNA levels in the endometrium of women with recurrent miscarriages, unexplained infertility and a control group were determined by compartmental quantitative immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse-transcription PCR. eNOS was found to be immunolocalized to all layers of the endometrium and vascular endothelium. eNOS protein was higher in glandular epithelium (P = 0.004) and luminal epithelium (P = 0.002), but not vascular endothelium and stroma, in women with recurrent miscarriage. Similarly, in women with unexplained infertility, eNOS was significantly higher (P < 0.03) in luminal epithelium but not in any other compartments compared with the control group. The levels of mRNA confirmed the protein data, demonstrating higher eNOS mRNA in the endometrium of women with recurrent miscarriage and unexplained infertility compared with controls. In conclusion, increased expression of eNOS in glandular and luminal epithelium of the endometrium in women with recurrent miscarriages and unexplained infertility suggests a detrimental effect of excess nitric oxide in endometrial receptivity and implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Najafi
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, [corrected] Tehran, Iran
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169
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Increased cerebral oxidative damage and decreased antioxidant defenses in ovariectomized and sham-operated rats supplemented with vitamin A. Cell Biol Toxicol 2012; 28:317-30. [PMID: 22806338 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-012-9226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have linked oxidative stress with aging and aging-related processes, including menopause. Abnormalities in the redox state similar to those observed in menopausal women can be modeled experimentally with rat ovariectomy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of vitamin A (retinol palmitate) supplementation (500 or 1,500 IU kg(-1) day(-1) for 30 days) on behavioral parameters and brain redox profile in ovariectomized (OVX) and sham-operated rats. Ovariectomy caused pronounced uterine atrophy and decreased locomotor/exploratory activity. Moreover, we found increased hypothalamic and frontal cortex superoxide dismutase/catalase (SOD/CAT) ratio and decreased hippocampal thiol content, accompanied by increased frontal cortex lipid oxidative damage (TBARS) in OVX rats. Vitamin A at 1,500 IUkg(-1) day(-1) decreased exploratory behavior and decreased total hippocampal thiol content in sham-operated rats, increased hippocampal SOD/CAT ratio and decreased total antioxidant potential in the hippocampus of both sham and OVX groups, and increased cortical TBARS levels in OVX rats. Thus, vitamin A may induce a pro-oxidant state in discrete brain regions of sham-operated and OVX rats. These results suggest some caution regarding the use of high doses of vitamin A supplementation during menopause.
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170
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Agarwal A, Aponte-Mellado A, Premkumar BJ, Shaman A, Gupta S. The effects of oxidative stress on female reproduction: a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:49. [PMID: 22748101 PMCID: PMC3527168 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 878] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS), a state characterized by an imbalance between pro-oxidant molecules including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and antioxidant defenses, has been identified to play a key role in the pathogenesis of subfertility in both males and females. The adverse effects of OS on sperm quality and functions have been well documented. In females, on the other hand, the impact of OS on oocytes and reproductive functions remains unclear. This imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants can lead to a number of reproductive diseases such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and unexplained infertility. Pregnancy complications such as spontaneous abortion, recurrent pregnancy loss, and preeclampsia, can also develop in response to OS. Studies have shown that extremes of body weight and lifestyle factors such as cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and recreational drug use can promote excess free radical production, which could affect fertility. Exposures to environmental pollutants are of increasing concern, as they too have been found to trigger oxidative states, possibly contributing to female infertility. This article will review the currently available literature on the roles of reactive species and OS in both normal and abnormal reproductive physiological processes. Antioxidant supplementation may be effective in controlling the production of ROS and continues to be explored as a potential strategy to overcome reproductive disorders associated with infertility. However, investigations conducted to date have been through animal or in vitro studies, which have produced largely conflicting results. The impact of OS on assisted reproductive techniques (ART) will be addressed, in addition to the possible benefits of antioxidant supplementation of ART culture media to increase the likelihood for ART success. Future randomized controlled clinical trials on humans are necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms through which OS affects female reproductive abilities, and will facilitate further explorations of the possible benefits of antioxidants to treat infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Beena J Premkumar
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amani Shaman
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sajal Gupta
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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171
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Ajayi OO, Charles-Davies MA, Arinola OG. Progesterone, selected heavy metals and micronutrients in pregnant Nigerian women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Afr Health Sci 2012; 12:153-9. [PMID: 23056021 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v12i2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental and endocrine factors have been implicated in the aetiology of recurrent abortion, with poorly understood roles. Luteal phase insufficiency marked with insufficient progesterone secretion has been reported. OBJECTIVE To define the involvement of progesterone, trace metals, and Vitamin E in pregnant women with history of recurrent spontaneous abortion. METHODS Convenience sampling method was used to recruit 69 pregnant women aged 21-41 years with gestational age of 0-20 weeks in this case-control study. Thirty five (cases) and thirty four (controls) had previous and no history of recurrent spontaneous abortion respectively. Demographic characteristics and 10 mls of blood samples were obtained from each subject. Serum obtained was used for the determination of progesterone, zinc, copper, selenium, iron, magnesium, manganese, chromium, lead, cadmium, and serum vitamin E by standard methods. RESULTS Results showed statistically significant decreases (p<0.05) in the serum zinc, copper, and vitamin E and a significant elevation (p<0.05) in the serum selenium, lead, and cadmium in cases compared with controls. Insignificant decrease (p=0.07) was observed in the serum progesterone when cases were compared with controls. CONCLUSION Results suggest that elevated serum heavy metals (cadmium and lead) and reduction of essential micronutrients (zinc, copper and vitamin E) may contribute to recurrent spontaneous abortion.
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172
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Ou XH, Li S, Wang ZB, Li M, Quan S, Xing F, Guo L, Chao SB, Chen Z, Liang XW, Hou Y, Schatten H, Sun QY. Maternal insulin resistance causes oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse oocytes. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:2130-45. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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173
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The eutopic endometrium in endometriosis: are the changes of clinical significance? Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 24:496-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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174
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BASKOL GULDEN, AYGEN ERCAN, ERDEM FERAY, CANIKLIOĞLU AYŞEN, NARIN FIGEN, ŞAHIN YILMAZ, KAYA TUGBA. Assessment of paraoxonase 1, xanthine oxidase and glutathione peroxidase activities, nitric oxide and thiol levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012; 91:326-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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175
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Wang W, Craig ZR, Basavarajappa MS, Gupta RK, Flaws JA. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate inhibits growth of mouse ovarian antral follicles through an oxidative stress pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 258:288-95. [PMID: 22155089 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer that has been shown to inhibit growth of mouse antral follicles, however, little is known about the mechanisms by which DEHP does so. Oxidative stress has been linked to follicle growth inhibition as well as phthalate-induced toxicity in non-ovarian tissues. Thus, we hypothesized that DEHP causes oxidative stress and that this leads to inhibition of the growth of antral follicles. To test this hypothesis, antral follicles isolated from CD-1 mice (age 31-35days) were cultured with vehicle control (dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO]) or DEHP (1-100μg/ml)±N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, an antioxidant at 0.25-1mM). During culture, follicles were measured daily. At the end of culture, follicles were collected and processed for in vitro reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays to measure the presence of free radicals or for measurement of the expression and activity of various key antioxidant enzymes: Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT). The results indicate that DEHP inhibits the growth of follicles compared to DMSO control and that NAC (0.25-1mM) blocks the ability of DEHP to inhibit follicle growth. Furthermore, DEHP (10μg/ml) significantly increases ROS levels and reduces the expression and activity of SOD1 compared to DMSO controls, whereas NAC (0.5mM) rescues the effects of DEHP on ROS levels and SOD1. However, the expression and activity of GPX and CAT were not affected by DEHP treatment. Collectively, these data suggest that DEHP inhibits follicle growth by inducing production of ROS and by decreasing the expression and activity of SOD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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176
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Rezvanfar MA, Rezvanfar MA, Ahmadi A, Saadi HAS, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. Mechanistic links between oxidative/nitrosative stress and tumor necrosis factor alpha in letrozole-induced murine polycystic ovary:. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 31:887-97. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327111426589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between ovarian functionality and the oxidative response during cystogenesis induced by hyperandrogenization with letrozole and examine protective effect of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist, pioglitazone (PIO), in polycystic ovary (PCO). Ovarian cysts were induced by oral administration of letrozol (1 mg/kg/day) for 21 consecutive days in the female rats. Effective dose of PIO (20 mg/kg/day) was administrated orally for 21 days. Serum estradiol (E), progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and the ovarian immunomodulator prostaglandin E (PGE) were analyzed as biomarkers of ovarian function. To determine the role of oxidative stress in PCO, the level of cellular lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and peroxynitrite (ONOO), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as a marker of inflammation and apoptosis were measured in serum and the ovaries. Letrozole-induced PCO in rats exhibited a significant increase in LPO and ONOO in serum and ovary while significantly decreased serum and ovarian SOD, CAT, and GPx. Serum T and TNF-α, and ovarian PGE were increased in animals with cysts compared with healthy controls, while E and P diminished. When compared to control group, letrozole-treated group showed irregular sexual cycles, polycystic ovaries characterized by high incidence of sub-capsular ovarian cyst with diminished or scant granulosa cell layer, increased number of atretic pre-antral and antral follicles and absence of corpus luteum. There were almost no primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles observed in PCO rats. All measured parameters were improved by PIO and reached close to normal levels. The present study further supports the role of oxidative/nitrosative stress and infiammatory responses in the pathogenesis of letrozole-induced hyperandrogenic PCO rats. Results indicate that PIO is able to exert direct antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on the endocrine, biochemical, and pathological alterations independent of its possible effects mediated via increased insulin sensitivity in hyperandrogenized PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- MA Rezvanfar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - MA Rezvanfar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Ahmadi
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Iran
| | - HA Shojaei Saadi
- Production Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Baeeri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Abdollahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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177
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Garrel C, Alessandri JM, Guesnet P, Al-Gubory KH. Omega-3 fatty acids enhance mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity in rat organs during post-natal development. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 44:123-31. [PMID: 22062949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The protection of the developing organism from oxidative damage is ensured by antioxidant defense systems to cope with reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn can be influenced by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). PUFAs in membrane phospholipids are substrates for ROS-induced peroxidation reactions. We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in rat cerebrum, liver and uterus. Pups born from dams fed a diet low in omega-3 PUFAs were fed at weaning a diet supplying low α-linolenic acid (ALA), adequate ALA or enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Malondialdehyde (MDA), a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, and the activities of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), SOD2, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were determined in the three target organs. Compared to low ALA feeding, supplementation with adequate ALA or with EPA+DHA did not affect the cerebrum MDA content but increased MDA content in liver. Uterine MDA was increased by the EPA+DHA diet. Supplementation with adequate ALA or EPA+DHA increased SOD2 activity in the liver and uterus, while only the DHA diet increased SOD2 activity in the cerebrum. SOD1, CAT and GPX activities were not altered by ALA or EPA+DHA supplementation. Our data suggest that increased SOD2 activity in organs of the growing female rats is a critical determinant in the tolerance to oxidative stress induced by feeding a diet supplemented with omega-3 PUFAs. This is may be a specific cellular antioxidant response to ROS production within the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Garrel
- Unité de Biochimie Hormonale et Nutritionnelle, Département de Biologie-Toxicologie-pharmacologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
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178
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Rizzo A, Roscino MT, Binetti F, Sciorsci RL. Roles of reactive oxygen species in female reproduction. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:344-52. [PMID: 22022825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01891.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxidizing agents. Cells, under aerobic conditions, have a defence system against ROS, and in normal circumstances, there is an appropriate balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. When an overproduction of ROS develops or the body fails to eliminate ROS in excess, oxidative stress arises, during which ROS accumulate and damage cells and tissues. Besides their noxious effects, accumulating data have shown that controlled and adequate ROS concentrations exert physiologic functions. Different studies have confirmed the presence of ROS and the transcripts of the various antioxidant enzymes in the female reproductive tract. When ROS production overwhelms antioxidant defences, oxidative stress occurs, which may deeply threaten the anatomical and functional integrity of the genital tract. This review addresses the main physiological and pathological roles exerted by ROS and their scavenging systems in several processes involved in the main physiological functions of the female reproductive tract of both women and domestic animals. Particularly, the involvement of the oxidant system in several reproductive processes is investigated, such as follicular development, ovarian steroidogenesis, ovulation, corpus luteum formation and function, luteolysis, germ cell function, maintenance of pregnancy and beginning of parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rizzo
- Department of Animal Production, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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179
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Berti C, Biesalski HK, Gärtner R, Lapillonne A, Pietrzik K, Poston L, Redman C, Koletzko B, Cetin I. Micronutrients in pregnancy: current knowledge and unresolved questions. Clin Nutr 2011; 30:689-701. [PMID: 21872372 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient status is increasingly recognized to play an important role in the health and well-being of pregnant women and in the development and long-term health of the offspring. On 26th - 28th February 2009, The Child Health Foundation invited leading experts in this area to a scientific workshop at Obergurgl, Austria to review and critically discuss current knowledge, to identify issues that may need to be addressed in future recommendations, and to highlight priorities and opportunities for future research. This report summarizes updated key conclusions of the workshop with regards to micronutrients' intake and physiological role related to mother, placenta and fetus, as well as relevance for adverse pregnancy and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Berti
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Fetal Research Giorgio Pardi, University of Milan, Via G. B. Grassi, 74, 20157 Milano, Italy.
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180
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Permuth-Wey J, Chen YA, Tsai YY, Chen Z, Qu X, Lancaster JM, Stockwell H, Dagne G, Iversen E, Risch H, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Cunningham JM, Vierkant RA, Fridley BL, Sutphen R, McLaughlin J, Narod SA, Goode EL, Schildkraut JM, Fenstermacher D, Phelan CM, Sellers TA. Inherited variants in mitochondrial biogenesis genes may influence epithelial ovarian cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1131-45. [PMID: 21447778 PMCID: PMC3111851 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria contribute to oxidative stress, a phenomenon implicated in ovarian carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that inherited variants in mitochondrial-related genes influence epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) susceptibility. METHODS Through a multicenter study of 1,815 Caucasian EOC cases and 1,900 controls, we investigated associations between EOC risk and 128 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 22 genes/regions within the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) and 2,839 nuclear-encoded SNPs localized to 138 genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (BIO, n = 35), steroid hormone metabolism (HOR, n = 13), and oxidative phosphorylation (OXP, n = 90) pathways. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate OR and 95% CI between genotype and case status. Overall significance of each gene and pathway was evaluated by using Fisher's method to combine SNP-level evidence. At the SNP level, we investigated whether lifetime ovulation, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and cigarette smoking were confounders or modifiers of associations. RESULTS Interindividual variation involving BIO was most strongly associated with EOC risk (empirical P = 0.050), especially for NRF1, MTERF, PPARGC1A, ESRRA, and CAMK2D. Several SNP-level associations strengthened after adjustment for nongenetic factors, particularly for MTERF. Statistical interactions with cigarette smoking and HRT use were observed with MTERF and CAMK2D SNPs, respectively. Overall variation within mtDNA, HOR, and OXP was not statistically significant (empirical P > 0.10). CONCLUSION We provide novel evidence to suggest that variants in mitochondrial biogenesis genes may influence EOC susceptibility. IMPACT A deeper understanding of the complex mechanisms implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress may aid in developing strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality from EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Permuth-Wey
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Y. Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ya-Yu Tsai
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaotao Qu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Heather Stockwell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Getachew Dagne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Edwin Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Harvey Risch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Julie M. Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert A. Vierkant
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brooke L. Fridley
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rebecca Sutphen
- Pediatrics Epidemiology Center, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John McLaughlin
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Catherine M. Phelan
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A. Sellers
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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Li MJ, Zhang LM, Liu WX, Lu WC. DFT Study on Molecular Structures and ROS Scavenging Mechanisms of Novel Antioxidants fromLespedeza Virgata. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/24/02/173-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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182
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Robker RL, Wu LLY, Yang X. Inflammatory pathways linking obesity and ovarian dysfunction. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 88:142-8. [PMID: 21333359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes some of the recent advances in obesity research and describes how we and others have built upon these findings to better understand the impact of obesity on granulosa cells, cumulus cells and oocytes within the ovaries of obese females. Obesity is associated with lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissue cells and the induction of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress responses that are tightly linked with systemic inflammation. Analysis of ovarian cells and fluid of obese women indicates that these same mechanisms are activated in the ovary in response to obesity. Studies in mice support this and allow further dissection of the pathways by which diet-induced obesity contributes to changes in mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. These studies are in their infancy but cumulatively provide basic information about the cellular mechanisms that may lead to the impaired ovulation and reduced oocyte developmental potential that is observed in obese females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Robker
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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183
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Behr GA, Schnorr CE, Moreira JCF. Increased blood oxidative stress in experimental menopause rat model: the effects of vitamin A low-dose supplementation upon antioxidant status in bilateral ovariectomized rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 26:235-49. [PMID: 21226757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Menopause has been reported to be associated with increased oxidative stress and metabolic disorders among women worldwide. Disarrangements in the redox state similar to those observed in women during the decline of ovarian hormonal activity can be obtained experimentally through rat bilateral ovariectomy. The search for alternative treatments to improve life quality in postmenopausal woman is really important. The aim of this study was to evaluate biochemical and oxidative stress parameters that distinguish sham-operated female rats from Wistar rats bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX). Additionally, we have also investigated the effects of retinol palmitate (a vitamin A supplement) low-dose supplementation (500 or 1500 IU/kg/day, during 30 days) upon blood and plasma antioxidant status in OVX rats. Ovariectomy caused an increase in body weight gain, pronounced uterine atrophy, decreased plasma triglycerides and increased total cholesterol levels, and reduced acid uric content. Moreover, we found increased blood peroxidase activities (catalase and glutathione peroxidase), decreased plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses total reactive antioxidant potential and total antioxidant reactivity, decreased protein and non-protein SH levels, accompanied by increased protein oxidative damage (carbonyl). In addition, vitamin A low-dose supplementation was capable to ameliorate antioxidant status in OVX rats, restoring both enzymatic and non-enzymatic defenses, promoting reduction in plasma SH content, and decreasing protein oxidative damage levels. This is the first work in the literature showing that vitamin A at low dose may be beneficial in the treatment of menopause symptoms. Further studies will be made to better understand the effects of vitamin A supplementation in menopause rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Antônio Behr
- Center of Oxidative Stress Research, Professor Tuiskon Dick Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Basic Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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184
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Aytekin I, Aypak SU. Levels of selected minerals, nitric oxide, and vitamins in aborted Sakis sheep raised under semitropical conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2010; 43:511-4. [PMID: 21076941 PMCID: PMC3016235 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, zinc and iron and of nitric oxide, retinol, and β-carotene were determined in Sakiz ewes that had experienced an abortion and in healthy controls. Ten healthy and 25 aborted Sakiz sheep were selected from Afyon zone in western Turkey. Their ages ranged between 2 and 4 years weighing between 40 and 60 kg at the time of experiment. All of the abortions occurred in October. The concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, phosphorus, and zinc were significantly lower and those of calcium and nitric oxide were increased in aborted ewes relative to healthy controls. The serum levels of iron, copper, and magnesium were not significantly different among the two groups. In conclusion, abortion is an important problem in commercially important species of ruminants in many regions in the tropics including of western Turkey. Deficiencies of retinol, β-carotene, phosphorus and zinc, and the increase of calcium and nitric oxide concentration may play an important role in the etiology of abortion in ewes. Prophylactic measures such as vitamin and mineral supplementation may be of help to prevent or reduce the incidence of abortion in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Aytekin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Mustafa Kemal University, 31040 Hatay, Turkey.
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185
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The roles of cellular reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress and antioxidants in pregnancy outcomes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 42:1634-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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186
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Curnow EC, Ryan JP, Saunders DM, Hayes ES. In vitro developmental potential of macaque oocytes, derived from unstimulated ovaries, following maturation in the presence of glutathione ethyl ester. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:2465-74. [PMID: 20729236 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inadequacies of oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) systems for both non-human primates and humans are evidenced by reduced fertilization and poor embryonic development, and may be partly explained by significantly lower glutathione (GSH) contents compared with in vivo matured (IVO) oocytes. As this influence has not been fully explored, this study investigated the effect of the GSH donor, glutathione ethyl ester (GSH-OEt), on the IVM and development of macaque oocytes as a model of human oocyte IVM. METHODS Macaque oocytes derived from unstimulated ovaries were cultured in mCMRL-1066 alone or supplemented with 3 or 5 mM GSH-OEt. In vitro matured oocytes were subjected to the GSH assay, fixed for the assessment of spindle morphology or prepared ICSI. Embryo development of zygotes cultured in mHECM-9 was assessed up to Day 9 post-ICSI. RESULTS Supplementation of the maturation medium with GSH-OEt significantly increased oocyte maturation and normal fertilization rates compared with control oocytes, but only 5 mM GSH-OEt significantly increased the oocyte and cumulus cell GSH content. Confocal microscopy revealed significant differences in the spindle morphology between IVO and control in vitro matured metaphase II oocytes. Oocytes matured with 5 mM GSH-OEt exhibited spindle area and spindle pole width similar to that seen in the IVO oocyte. While no significant differences were observed in blastocyst rates, addition of 3 mM GSH-OEt during IVM significantly increased the proportion of embryos developing to the 5-8 cell stage while 5 mM GSH-OEt significantly increased the proportion of morula-stage embryos compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of the IVM medium with GSH-OEt promotes better maturation and normal fertilization of macaque oocytes compared with non-supplemented medium. However, further improvement of the primate oocyte IVM culture system is required to support better blastocyst development of oocytes derived from unstimulated ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Curnow
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
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187
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Effects of oral, vaginal, and transdermal hormonal contraception on serum levels of coenzyme q(10), vitamin e, and total antioxidant activity. Obstet Gynecol Int 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20814444 PMCID: PMC2929620 DOI: 10.1155/2010/925635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of the transdermal contraceptive patch is associated with greater bioavailability of ethinyl estradiol (EE) compared with contraceptive vaginal ring or oral contraceptives (OC). We compared the influences of three contraceptive methods (OC, vaginal ring, and transdermal patch) on serum levels of coenzyme Q(10), alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol and total antioxidant capacity in premenopausal women. Blood samples from 30 premenopausal women who used hormonal contraception for at least 4 months were collected. Forty subjects who did not use any contraception were studied as control. Serum levels of coenzyme Q(10), alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Serum samples were also assayed for total antioxidant capacity (TAOC). Serum levels of coenzyme Q(10) and alpha-tocopherol were found to be significantly lower (P < .05) in all three contraceptive users compared with controls. Contraceptive patch users had the lowest levels of coenzyme Q(10) levels compared with normal subjects. Serum TAOC levels were significantly lower (P < .05) among the contraceptive user groups. Alterations in coenzyme Q(10) and alpha-tocopherol induced by hormonal contraception and the potential effect(s) of exogenous ovarian hormones should be taken into consideration in future antioxidant research.
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188
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Tatone C, Di Emidio G, Vento M, Ciriminna R, Artini PG. Cryopreservation and oxidative stress in reproductive cells. Gynecol Endocrinol 2010; 26:563-7. [PMID: 20230330 DOI: 10.3109/09513591003686395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the optimisation of cryopreservation protocols, post-thawing trauma to mammalian gametes cannot be completely avoided. Based on recent literature, cellular cryodamage in reproductive cells has been extensively characterised in terms of changes in the cell structure, whereas biochemical alterations have been poorly investigated. The present paper reviews the current knowledge about the involvement of oxidative stress in frozen-thawed cells by considering the most relevant studies in sperm and oocytes. Recognising that spermatozoa are highly susceptible to oxidative damage induced by cryopreservation, the need for further research is highlighted in order to understand whether changes in the redox state have a role in the reduced developmental potential of cryopreserved human reproductive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Tatone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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189
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Kawamura Y, Uchijima Y, Horike N, Tonami K, Nishiyama K, Amano T, Asano T, Kurihara Y, Kurihara H. Sirt3 protects in vitro-fertilized mouse preimplantation embryos against oxidative stress-induced p53-mediated developmental arrest. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:2817-28. [PMID: 20644252 DOI: 10.1172/jci42020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a phylogenetically conserved NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase/ADP-ribosyltransferase family implicated in diverse biological processes. Several family members localize to mitochondria, the function of which is thought to determine the developmental potential of preimplantation embryos. We have therefore characterized the role of sirtuins in mouse preimplantation development under in vitro culture conditions. All sirtuin members were expressed in eggs, and their expression gradually decreased until the blastocyst stage. Treatment with sirtuin inhibitors resulted in increased intracellular ROS levels and decreased blastocyst formation. These effects were recapitulated by siRNA-induced knockdown of Sirt3, which is involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism, and in Sirt3-/- embryos. The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine and low-oxygen conditions rescued these adverse effects. When Sirt3-knockdown embryos were transferred to pseudopregnant mice after long-term culture, implantation and fetal growth rates were decreased, indicating that Sirt3-knockdown embryos were sensitive to in vitro conditions and that the effect was long lasting. Further experiments revealed that maternally derived Sirt3 was critical. Sirt3 inactivation increased mitochondrial ROS production, leading to p53 upregulation and changes in downstream gene expression. The inactivation of p53 improved the developmental outcome of Sirt3-knockdown embryos, indicating that the ROS-p53 pathway was responsible for the developmental defects. These results indicate that Sirt3 plays a protective role in preimplantation embryos against stress conditions during in vitro fertilization and culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Kawamura
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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190
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Anderson K, Nisenblat V, Norman R. Lifestyle factors in people seeking infertility treatment - A review. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2010; 50:8-20. [PMID: 20218991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.2009.01119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical infertility is a prevalent problem with significant financial and psychosocial costs. Modifiable lifestyle factors exist that may affect a person's time to conception and their chance of having a healthy, live birth. However, no guideline delineates what preconception advice should be offered to people presenting for infertility treatment. AIM The aim of this article is to review the literature regarding modifiable lifestyle factors in people seeking infertility treatment. RESULTS A person's time to pregnancy and their chance of having a healthy, live birth may be affected by factors such as weight, vitamin and iodine intake, alcohol and caffeine consumption, smoking, substance abuse, stress, environmental pollutants, vaccinations and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Advice on modifiable lifestyle factors should be given to people presenting for infertility treatment to help them make positive changes that may improve their chances of pregnancy and delivering a healthy, live baby. Developing a guideline for this would be a prudent step towards helping clinicians to implement this aspect of preconception care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Anderson
- Level 6 Medical School, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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191
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Kimura N, Tsunoda S, Iuchi Y, Abe H, Totsukawa K, Fujii J. Intrinsic oxidative stress causes either 2-cell arrest or cell death depending on developmental stage of the embryos from SOD1-deficient mice. Mol Hum Reprod 2010; 16:441-51. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaq007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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192
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Combelles CMH, Holick EA, Paolella LJ, Walker DC, Wu Q. Profiling of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in compartments of the developing bovine antral follicles. Reproduction 2010; 139:871-81. [PMID: 20197373 DOI: 10.1530/rep-09-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The antral follicle constitutes a complex and regulated ovarian microenvironment that influences oocyte quality. Oxidative stress is a cellular state that may play a role during folliculogenesis and oogenesis, although direct supporting evidence is currently lacking. We thus evaluated the expression of the three isoforms (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3) of the enzymatic antioxidant superoxide dismutase in all the cellular (granulosa cells, cumulus cells, and oocytes) and extracellular (follicular fluid) compartments of the follicle. Comparisons were made in bovine ovaries across progressive stages of antral follicular development. Follicular fluid possessed increased amounts of SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3 in small antral follicles when compared with large antral follicles; concomitantly, total SOD activity was highest in follicular fluids from smaller diameter follicles. SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3 proteins were expressed in granulosa cells without any fluctuations in follicle sizes. All three SOD isoforms were present, but were distributed differently in oocytes from small, medium, or large antral follicles. Cumulus cells expressed high levels of SOD3, some SOD2, but no detectable SOD1. Our studies provide a temporal and spatial expression profile of the three SOD isoforms in the different compartments of the developing bovine antral follicles. These results lay the ground for future investigations into the potential regulation and roles of antioxidants during folliculogenesis and oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M H Combelles
- Biology Department, Middlebury College, McCardell Bicentennial Hall 346, Middlebury, Vermont 05753, USA.
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193
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Türk G, Çeribaşi AO, Sakin F, Sönmez M, Ateşşahin A. Antiperoxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of lycopene and ellagic acid on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:587-96. [DOI: 10.1071/rd09078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the possible protective effects of lycopene (LC) and ellagic acid (EA) on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced testicular and spermatozoal toxicity associated with the oxidative stress and apoptosis in male rats. Forty-eight healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups of eight rats each. The control group was treated with placebo; the LC, EA and CP groups were given LC (10 mg kg–1), EA (2 mg kg–1) and CP (15 mg kg–1), respectively, alone; the CP+LC group was treated with a combination of CP (15 mg kg–1) and LC (10 mg kg–1); and the CP+EA group was treated with a combination of CP (15 mg kg–1) and EA (2 mg kg–1). All treatments were maintained for 8 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, bodyweight and the weight of the reproductive organs, sperm concentration and motility, testicular tissue lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant enzyme activity and apoptosis (i.e. Bax and Bcl-2 proteins) were determined. Administration of CP resulted in significant decreases in epididymal sperm concentration and motility and significant increases in malondialdehyde levels. Although CP significantly increased the number of Bax-positive (apoptotic) cells, it had no effect on the number of Bcl-2-positive (anti-apoptotic) cells compared with the control group. However, combined treatment of rats with LC or EA in addition to CP prevented the development of CP-induced lipid peroxidation and sperm and testicular damage. In conclusion, CP-induced lipid peroxidation leads to structural and functional damage, as well as apoptosis, in spermatogenic cells of rats. Both LC and EA protect against the development of these detrimental effects.
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194
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Profiling protein thiol oxidation in tumor cells using sulfenic acid-specific antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:16163-8. [PMID: 19805274 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903015106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) functions as a second messenger that can activate cell proliferation through chemoselective oxidation of cysteine residues in signaling proteins. The connection between H2O2 signaling, thiol oxidation, and activation of growth pathways has emerged as fertile ground for the development of strategies for cancer treatment. Central to achieving this goal is the development of tools and assays that facilitate characterization of the molecular events associated with tumorigenesis and evaluation of patient response to therapy. Here we report on the development of an immunochemical method for detecting sulfenic acid, the initial oxidation product that results when a thiolate reacts with H2O2. For this approach, the sulfenic acid is derivatized with a chemical tag to generate a unique epitope for recognition. The elicited antibody is exquisitely specific, context-independent, and capable of visualizing sulfenic acid formation in cells. Applying this approach to several systems, including cancer cell lines, shows it can be used to monitor differences in thiol redox status and reveals a diverse pattern of sulfenic acid modifications across different subtypes of breast tumors. These studies demonstrate a general strategy for producing antibodies against a specific oxidation state of cysteine and show the utility of these reagents for profiling thiol oxidation associated with pathological conditions such as breast cancer.
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195
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2009; 21:296-300. [PMID: 19458522 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0b013e32832c972c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This bibliography is compiled by clinicians from the journals listed at the end of this publication. It is based on literature entered into our database between 1 February 2008 and 31 January 2009 (articles are generally added to the database about two and a half months after publication). In addition, the bibliography contains every paper annotated by reviewers; these references were obtained from a variety of bibliographic databases and published between the beginning of the review period and the time of going to press. The bibliography has been grouped into topics that relate to the reviews in this issue.
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196
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Cetin I, Berti C, Calabrese S. Role of micronutrients in the periconceptional period. Hum Reprod Update 2009; 16:80-95. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmp025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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197
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A role for menstruation in preconditioning the uterus for successful pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200:615.e1-6. [PMID: 19136085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Menstruation is widely viewed as serving no purpose other than to reinitiate the endometrial cycle in the absence of pregnancy. Yet, it is striking that cyclic endometrial decidualization followed by menstrual shedding is confined to the few species, including human beings, where placenta formation entails deep trophoblast invasion of maternal tissues and its vasculature. Both menstruation and pregnancy are inflammatory conditions that cause a degree of physiological ischemia-reperfusion tissue injury, albeit much more so in pregnancy. Thus, the emergence of cyclic menstruation may not have been an evolutionary coincidence but serves to protect uterine tissues from the profound hyperinflammation and oxidative stress associated with deep placentation, a process known as preconditioning. The concept of menstrual preconditioning provides a novel paradigm for understanding how reproductive disorders impact on pregnancy outcome. For example, endometriosis could be viewed as a disorder of exaggerated menstrual preconditioning that confers protection against placentation-related disorders, such as preeclampsia.
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198
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Robker RL, Akison LK, Bennett BD, Thrupp PN, Chura LR, Russell DL, Lane M, Norman RJ. Obese women exhibit differences in ovarian metabolites, hormones, and gene expression compared with moderate-weight women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:1533-40. [PMID: 19223519 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obese women experience longer times to conception, even if they are young and cycling regularly, which is suggestive of alterations in ovarian function during the periconceptual period. OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine whether there are alterations in the preovulatory follicular environment that are likely to influence oocyte developmental competence. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Women attending a private infertility clinic were categorized into body mass index (BMI) groups of moderate (n = 33; BMI 20-24.9 kg/m(2)), overweight (n = 31; BMI 25-29.9 kg/m(2)), and obese (n =32; BMI >or=30 kg/m(2)). INTERVENTION For each patient, follicular fluid was recovered from single follicles at oocyte retrieval, granulosa cells were pooled from multiple follicular aspirates and cumulus cells were pooled after separation from the oocytes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Follicle fluid was assayed for hormones and metabolites. Granulosa and cumulus cells were analyzed for mRNA expression of insulin signaling components (IRS-2 and Glut4), glucose-regulated genes (ChREBP, ACC, and FAS) and insulin-regulated genes (SREBP-1, CD36, and SR-BI) associated with obesity/insulin resistance. RESULTS Increasing BMI was associated with increased follicular fluid insulin (P < 0.001), lactate (P = 0.01), triglycerides (P = 0.0003), and C-reactive protein (P < 0.0001) as well as decreased SHBG (P = 0.001). IRS-2, Glut4, ChREBP, and SREBP exhibited cell-type-specific expression but were not affected by BMI. CD36 and SRBI mRNA were modestly altered in granulosa cells of obese compared with moderate-weight women. CONCLUSIONS Obese women exhibit an altered ovarian follicular environment, particularly increased metabolite, C-reactive protein, and androgen activity levels, which may be associated with poorer reproductive outcomes typically observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Robker
- The Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 Australia.
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199
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Clarke J, Showell MG, Hart RJ, Agarwal A, Gupta S. Antioxidants for female subfertility. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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200
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Hekimoglu A, Bilgin HM, Kurcer Z, Ocak AR. Effects of increasing ratio of progesterone in estrogen/progesterone combination on total oxidant/antioxidant status in rat uterus and plasma. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2009; 281:23-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-009-1044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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