151
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Geris L, Papantoniou I. The Third Era of Tissue Engineering: Reversing the Innovation Drivers. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:821-826. [PMID: 30860432 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT From this perspective, we discuss the different stages of development the tissue engineering (TE) field has gone through in its relatively young history. We discuss how TE is evolving from a technology-driven, science-focused field toward a patient-driven, manufacturing-focused one where patients' needs are translated into production process requirements, and subsequently into technological and biological innovations needed to meet the regulatory and clinical demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbet Geris
- 1 Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA-In silico Medicine, Université de Liège, Quartier Hôpital, Liège, Belgium.,2 Prometheus, LRD Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,3 Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- 2 Prometheus, LRD Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,4 Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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152
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Yang B, Lui C, Yeung E, Matsushita H, Jeyaram A, Pitaktong I, Inoue T, Mohamed Z, Ong CS, DiSilvestre D, Jay SM, Tung L, Tomaselli G, Ma C, Hibino N. A Net Mold-Based Method of Biomaterial-Free Three-Dimensional Cardiac Tissue Creation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:243-252. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bai Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cecillia Lui
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Enoch Yeung
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hiroshi Matsushita
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anjana Jeyaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Isaree Pitaktong
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zayneb Mohamed
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chin Siang Ong
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Steven M. Jay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leslie Tung
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Gordon Tomaselli
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chunye Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Narutoshi Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
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153
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McMaster R, Hoefner C, Hrynevich A, Blum C, Wiesner M, Wittmann K, Dargaville TR, Bauer‐Kreisel P, Groll J, Dalton PD, Blunk T. Tailored Melt Electrowritten Scaffolds for the Generation of Sheet-Like Tissue Constructs from Multicellular Spheroids. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801326. [PMID: 30835969 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melt electrowriting (MEW) is an additive manufacturing technology that is recently used to fabricate voluminous scaffolds for biomedical applications. In this study, MEW is adapted for the seeding of multicellular spheroids, which permits the easy handling as a single sheet-like tissue-scaffold construct. Spheroids are made from adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs). Poly(ε-caprolactone) is processed via MEW into scaffolds with box-structured pores, readily tailorable to spheroid size, using 13-15 µm diameter fibers. Two 7-8 µm diameter "catching fibers" near the bottom of the scaffold are threaded through each pore (360 and 380 µm) to prevent loss of spheroids during seeding. Cell viability remains high during the two week culture period, while the differentiation of ASCs into the adipogenic lineage is induced. Subsequent sectioning and staining of the spheroid-scaffold construct can be readily performed and accumulated lipid droplets are observed, while upregulation of molecular markers associated with successful differentiation is demonstrated. Tailoring MEW scaffolds with pores allows the simultaneous seeding of high numbers of spheroids at a time into a construct that can be handled in culture and may be readily transferred to other sites for use as implants or tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca McMaster
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Wuerzburg Oberduerrbacher Str. 6 97080 Wuerzburg Germany
- Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of Technology 60 Musk Ave Kelvin Grove 4059 Australia
| | - Christiane Hoefner
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Wuerzburg Oberduerrbacher Str. 6 97080 Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Andrei Hrynevich
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Wuerzburg Pleicherwall 2 97070 Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Carina Blum
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Wuerzburg Pleicherwall 2 97070 Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Miriam Wiesner
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Wuerzburg Oberduerrbacher Str. 6 97080 Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Katharina Wittmann
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Wuerzburg Pleicherwall 2 97070 Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Tim R. Dargaville
- Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of Technology 60 Musk Ave Kelvin Grove 4059 Australia
| | - Petra Bauer‐Kreisel
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Wuerzburg Oberduerrbacher Str. 6 97080 Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Wuerzburg Pleicherwall 2 97070 Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Paul D. Dalton
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Wuerzburg Pleicherwall 2 97070 Wuerzburg Germany
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Wuerzburg Oberduerrbacher Str. 6 97080 Wuerzburg Germany
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154
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Aguilar IN, Smith LJ, Olivos DJ, Chu TMG, Kacena MA, Wagner DR. Scaffold-free Bioprinting of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with the Regenova Printer: Optimization of Printing Parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 15. [PMID: 31457110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2019.e00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Kenzan bioprinting method provides a high-resolution biofabrication process by facilitating the fusion of submillimeter cell aggregates (spheroids) into larger tissue constructs on a needle array that is removed upon spheroid fusion. Although the method is relatively straightforward in principle, Kenzan method bioprinting relies on a complex 3D bioprinter (Regenova Bio 3D Printer, Cyfuse, K.K., Japan) implementing an advanced vision system to verify the microscopic spheroids' geometry and high-precision mechatronics to aseptically manipulate the spheroids into position. Due to the complexity of the operation, the need for aseptic conditions, and the size of the spheroids, proficiency with the Regenova Bio 3D Printer and the Kenzan method requires development of best practices and troubleshooting techniques to ensure a robust print and minimize the use of resources. In addition, managing the construct post-bioprinting both in culture and for surgical implantation requires careful consideration and workflow design. Here, we describe methods for generating a competent tissue construct and optimizing the bioprinting process. Optimization resulted in a 4-fold reduction in print times, a 20-fold reduction in the use of bioprinting nozzles, and more robust constructs. The results and procedures described herein will have potential applications for tissue engineering, research, and clinical uses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izath Nizeet Aguilar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Lester J Smith
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University of School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David J Olivos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University of School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tien-Min Gabriel Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47908, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Diane R Wagner
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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155
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Yu JR, Navarro J, Coburn JC, Mahadik B, Molnar J, Holmes JH, Nam AJ, Fisher JP. Current and Future Perspectives on Skin Tissue Engineering: Key Features of Biomedical Research, Translational Assessment, and Clinical Application. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801471. [PMID: 30707508 PMCID: PMC10290827 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The skin is responsible for several important physiological functions and has enormous clinical significance in wound healing. Tissue engineered substitutes may be used in patients suffering from skin injuries to support regeneration of the epidermis, dermis, or both. Skin substitutes are also gaining traction in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries as alternatives to animal models for product testing. Recent biomedical advances, ranging from cellular-level therapies such as mesenchymal stem cell or growth factor delivery, to large-scale biofabrication techniques including 3D printing, have enabled the implementation of unique strategies and novel biomaterials to recapitulate the biological, architectural, and functional complexity of native skin. This progress report highlights some of the latest approaches to skin regeneration and biofabrication using tissue engineering techniques. Current challenges in fabricating multilayered skin are addressed, and perspectives on efforts and strategies to meet those limitations are provided. Commercially available skin substitute technologies are also examined, and strategies to recapitulate native physiology, the role of regulatory agencies in supporting translation, as well as current clinical needs, are reviewed. By considering each of these perspectives while moving from bench to bedside, tissue engineering may be leveraged to create improved skin substitutes for both in vitro testing and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine R Yu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- NIH/NBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Javier Navarro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- NIH/NBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - James C Coburn
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20903, USA
| | - Bhushan Mahadik
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- NIH/NBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Joseph Molnar
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - James H Holmes
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Arthur J Nam
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillofacial Surgery, R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- NIH/NBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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156
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da Conceicao Ribeiro R, Pal D, Ferreira AM, Gentile P, Benning M, Dalgarno K. Reactive jet impingement bioprinting of high cell density gels for bone microtissue fabrication. Biofabrication 2018; 11:015014. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaf625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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157
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Terazawa T, Furukoshi M, Nakayama Y. One-year follow-up study of iBTA-induced allogenic biosheet for repair of abdominal wall defects in a beagle model: a pilot study. Hernia 2018; 23:149-155. [PMID: 30506241 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-018-1866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the usefulness of biosheet, an in-body tissue-engineered collagenous membrane, as a novel repair material for abdominal wall defects in a beagle model. METHODS Biosheets were prepared by embedding molds into subcutaneous pouches in two beagle dogs for 2 months, with subsequent storage in 70% ethanol. The obtained biosheets (thickness 0.5 mm, size 25 cm2) were implanted to replace same-size defects in the abdominal wall of two beagles in an allogenic manner. RESULTS The biosheets were not stressed during suturing and did not split; moreover, patch implantation into the defective wound was easy. No complications such as anastomotic leaks or infections occurred during implantation. One year post-implantation, the thickness of the biosheet implantation section increased to approximately 2.5 mm, corresponding to approximately 70% of the native abdominal wall. A section of the abdominal wall muscle elongated from the periphery of the newly formed collagen layer, and the peritoneum was entirely formed on the peritoneal cavity surface, resulting in partial regeneration of the three-layered abdominal wall. The mechanical strength of the newly formed wall was approximately fivefold higher than the native wall. The elasticity of the biosheet in the low-strain region decreased to approximately 10% post-implantation, similar to the native wall. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study demonstrated that biosheet maintained the abdominal wall without any complications for 1 year post-implantation, and partial regeneration was observed. Although this experiment was limited to two cases, the results indicated that biosheet may serve as a reliable abdominal wall restorative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Terazawa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.,Division of Cell Engineering, Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.,Biotube Co., Ltd, 2-13-11 Shinkawa, Chuo, Tokyo, 104-0033, Japan
| | - M Furukoshi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.,Division of Cell Engineering, Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Y Nakayama
- Biotube Co., Ltd, 2-13-11 Shinkawa, Chuo, Tokyo, 104-0033, Japan.
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158
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Groll J, Burdick JA, Cho DW, Derby B, Gelinsky M, Heilshorn SC, Jüngst T, Malda J, Mironov VA, Nakayama K, Ovsianikov A, Sun W, Takeuchi S, Yoo JJ, Woodfield TBF. A definition of bioinks and their distinction from biomaterial inks. Biofabrication 2018; 11:013001. [PMID: 30468151 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaec52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biofabrication aims to fabricate biologically functional products through bioprinting or bioassembly (Groll et al 2016 Biofabrication 8 013001). In biofabrication processes, cells are positioned at defined coordinates in three-dimensional space using automated and computer controlled techniques (Moroni et al 2018 Trends Biotechnol. 36 384-402), usually with the aid of biomaterials that are either (i) directly processed with the cells as suspensions/dispersions, (ii) deposited simultaneously in a separate printing process, or (iii) used as a transient support material. Materials that are suited for biofabrication are often referred to as bioinks and have become an important area of research within the field. In view of this special issue on bioinks, we aim herein to briefly summarize the historic evolution of this term within the field of biofabrication. Furthermore, we propose a simple but general definition of bioinks, and clarify its distinction from biomaterial inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
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159
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Imamura T, Shimamura M, Ogawa T, Minagawa T, Nagai T, Silwal Gautam S, Ishizuka O. Biofabricated Structures Reconstruct Functional Urinary Bladders in Radiation-Injured Rat Bladders. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1574-1587. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Imamura
- Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Teruyuki Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tomonori Minagawa
- Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Ishizuka
- Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
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160
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Randall MJ, Jüngel A, Rimann M, Wuertz-Kozak K. Advances in the Biofabrication of 3D Skin in vitro: Healthy and Pathological Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:154. [PMID: 30430109 PMCID: PMC6220074 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance for in vitro three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture of skin has been present for almost a century. From using skin biopsies in organ culture, to vascularized organotypic full-thickness reconstructed human skin equivalents, in vitro tissue regeneration of 3D skin has reached a golden era. However, the reconstruction of 3D skin still has room to grow and develop. The need for reproducible methodology, physiological structures and tissue architecture, and perfusable vasculature are only recently becoming a reality, though the addition of more complex structures such as glands and tactile corpuscles require advanced technologies. In this review, we will discuss the current methodology for biofabrication of 3D skin models and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the existing systems as well as emphasize how new techniques can aid in the production of a truly physiologically relevant skin construct for preclinical innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Randall
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Astrid Jüngel
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Clinic of Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rimann
- Competence Center TEDD, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Waedenswil, Switzerland.,Center for Cell Biology & Tissue Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (AU), Munich, Germany.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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161
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Manning KL, Thomson AH, Morgan JR. Funnel-Guided Positioning of Multicellular Microtissues to Build Macrotissues. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:557-565. [PMID: 30105944 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering is developing new additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate 3D living constructs for use as in vitro platforms for the testing of drugs and chemicals, or to restore lost function in vivo. In this article, we describe the funnel-guide (FG), a new additive manufacturing strategy for the noncontact manipulation and positioning of multicellular microtissues and we show that the FG can be used to build macrotissues layer by layer. We used agarose micromolds to self-assemble cells into toroid-shaped and honeycomb-shaped microtissues, and observed that when falling in cell culture medium, the microtissues spontaneously righted themselves to a horizontal orientation. We fabricated a funnel to guide these falling toroids and honeycombs into precise positions and stack them, wherein they fused to form tubular structures. We tested multiple cell types and toroid sizes, and ultimately used the FG to create a stack of 45 toroids that fused into a tube 5 mm long with an inner diameter of 600 μm. The FG is a new principle for the manipulation of microtissues and is a platform for the layer-by-layer positioning of microtissue building blocks to form macrotissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali L Manning
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.,2 Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Andrew H Thomson
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jeffrey R Morgan
- 1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island.,2 Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
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162
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Bai Y, Yeung E, Lui C, Ong CS, Pitaktong I, Huang C, Inoue T, Matsushita H, Ma C, Hibino N. A Net Mold-based Method of Scaffold-free Three-Dimensional Cardiac Tissue Creation. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30124650 DOI: 10.3791/58252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes a novel and easy net mold-based method to create three-dimensional (3-D) cardiac tissues without additional scaffold material. Human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are isolated and used to generate a cell suspension with 70% iPSC-CMs, 15% HCFs, and 15% HUVECs. They are co-cultured in an ultra-low attachment "hanging drop" system, which contains micropores for condensing hundreds of spheroids at one time. The cells aggregate and spontaneously form beating spheroids after 3 days of co-culture. The spheroids are harvested, seeded into a novel mold cavity, and cultured on a shaker in the incubator. The spheroids become a mature functional tissue approximately 7 days after seeding. The resultant multilayered tissues consist of fused spheroids with satisfactory structural integrity and synchronous beating behavior. This new method has promising potential as a reproducible and cost-effective method to create engineered tissues for the treatment of heart failure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital
| | - Enoch Yeung
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital
| | - Cecillia Lui
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital
| | | | | | - Chenyu Huang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital
| | | | | | - Chunye Ma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital
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163
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Baba K, Sankai Y. Development of biomimetic system for scale up of cell spheroids - building blocks for cell transplantation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2017:1611-1616. [PMID: 29060191 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Artificial assembly of mature tissues in vitro is challenging from many viewpoints. Therefore, production of intermediate building blocks - cell spheroids expected to be a viable alternative. The purpose of this research is to develop a biomimetic system for scale up maintenance of spheroids in vitro, and to confirm basic performance of the device. The system consists of a 3D culture unit and a medium perfusion unit. The 3D culture unit is dedicated for spheroid culture without using scaffolds, eliminating concerns about biocompatibility of artificial materials. our culture vessel allows easy disassembly and tissue extraction, as well as the resulting tissue can be formed into an any desirable shape. The spheroids are cultured in a sealed environment and their life are sustained by hollow fiber perfusion fluidics. We confirmed by visual and by microscopic examination that no contamination did occur before and after spheroid inoculation. Moreover, we confirmed growth and fusion between cells when C2C12 spheroids were cultured in this system.
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164
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Wang L, Wang Y, Chen A, Jalali A, Liu S, Guo Y, Na S, Nakshatri H, Li BY, Yokota H. Effects of a checkpoint kinase inhibitor, AZD7762, on tumor suppression and bone remodeling. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1001-1012. [PMID: 30015873 PMCID: PMC6065446 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy for suppressing tumor growth and metastasis tends to induce various effects on other organs. Using AZD7762, an inhibitor of checkpoint kinase (Chk) 1 and 2, the present study examined its effect on mammary tumor cells in addition to bone cells (osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes), using monolayer cell cultures and three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroids. The results revealed that AZD7762 blocked the proliferation of 4T1.2 mammary tumor cells and suppressed the development of RAW264.7 pre-osteoclast cells by downregulating nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1. AZD7762 also promoted the mineralization of MC3T3 osteoblast-like cells and 3D bio-printed bone constructs of MLO-A5 osteocyte spheroids. While a Chk1 inhibitor, PD407824, suppressed the proliferation of tumor cells and the differentiation of pre-osteoclasts, its effect on gene expression in osteoblasts was markedly different compared with AZD7762. Western blotting indicated that the stimulating effect of AZD7762 on osteoblast development was associated with the inhibition of Chk2 and the downregulation of cellular tumor antigen p53. The results of the present study indicated that in addition to acting as a tumor suppressor, AZD7762 may prevent bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and stimulating osteoblast mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Andy Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Aydin Jalali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shengzhi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Sungsoo Na
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Simon Cancer Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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165
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Maina RM, Barahona MJ, Finotti M, Lysyy T, Geibel P, D'Amico F, Mulligan D, Geibel JP. Generating vascular conduits: from tissue engineering to three-dimensional bioprinting. Innov Surg Sci 2018; 3:203-213. [PMID: 31579784 PMCID: PMC6604577 DOI: 10.1515/iss-2018-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular disease - including coronary artery disease, carotid artery disease, and peripheral vascular disease - is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The standard of care for restoring patency or bypassing occluded vessels involves using autologous grafts, typically the saphenous veins or internal mammary arteries. Yet, many patients who need life- or limb-saving procedures have poor outcomes, and a third of patients who need vascular intervention have multivessel disease and therefore lack appropriate vasculature to harvest autologous grafts from. Given the steady increase in the prevalence of vascular disease, there is great need for grafts with the biological and mechanical properties of native vessels that can be used as vascular conduits. In this review, we present an overview of methods that have been employed to generate suitable vascular conduits, focusing on the advances in tissue engineering methods and current three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting methods. Tissue-engineered vascular grafts have been fabricated using a variety of approaches such as using preexisting scaffolds and acellular organic compounds. We also give an extensive overview of the novel use of 3D bioprinting as means of generating new vascular conduits. Different strategies have been employed in bioprinting, and the use of cell-based inks to create de novo structures offers a promising solution to bridge the gap of paucity of optimal donor grafts. Lastly, we provide a glimpse of our work to create scaffold-free, bioreactor-free, 3D bioprinted vessels from a combination of rat vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts that remain patent and retain the tensile and mechanical strength of native vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Maina
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maria J Barahona
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michele Finotti
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,University of Padua, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Padua, Italy
| | - Taras Lysyy
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter Geibel
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Francesco D'Amico
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,University of Padua, Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Padua, Italy
| | - David Mulligan
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John P Geibel
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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166
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Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, affecting 1 in 100 babies. Among CHDs, single ventricle (SV) physiologies, such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome and tricuspid atresia, are particularly severe conditions that require multiple palliative surgeries, including the Fontan procedure. Although the management strategies for SV patients have markedly improved, the prevalence of ventricular dysfunction continues to increase over time, especially after the Fontan procedure. At present, the final treatment for SV patients who develop heart failure is heart transplantation; however, transplantation is difficult to achieve because of severe donor shortages. Recently, various regenerative therapies for heart failure have been developed that increase cardiomyocytes and restore cardiac function, with promising results in adults. The clinical application of various forms of regenerative medicine for CHD patients with heart failure is highly anticipated, and the latest research in this field is reviewed here. In addition, regenerative therapy is important for children with CHD because of their natural growth. The ideal pediatric cardiovascular device would have the potential to adapt to a child's growth. Therefore, if a device that increases in size in accordance with the patient's growth could be developed using regenerative medicine, it would be highly beneficial. This review provides an overview of the available regenerative technologies for CHD patients.
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167
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Regeneration of diaphragm with bio-3D cellular patch. Biomaterials 2018; 167:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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168
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Abstract
The therapeutic replacement of diseased tubular tissue is hindered by the availability and suitability of current donor, autologous and synthetically derived protheses. Artificially created, tissue engineered, constructs have the potential to alleviate these concerns with reduced autoimmune response, high anatomical accuracy, long-term patency and growth potential. The advent of 3D bioprinting technology has further supplemented the technological toolbox, opening up new biofabrication research opportunities and expanding the therapeutic potential of the field. In this review, we highlight the challenges facing those seeking to create artificial tubular tissue with its associated complex macro- and microscopic architecture. Current biofabrication approaches, including 3D printing techniques, are reviewed and future directions suggested.
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169
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FABRICA: A Bioreactor Platform for Printing, Perfusing, Observing, & Stimulating 3D Tissues. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7561. [PMID: 29765087 PMCID: PMC5953945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We are introducing the FABRICA, a bioprinter-agnostic 3D-printed bioreactor platform designed for 3D-bioprinted tissue construct culture, perfusion, observation, and analysis. The computer-designed FABRICA was 3D-printed with biocompatible material and used for two studies: (1) Flow Profile Study: perfused 5 different media through a synthetic 3D-bioprinted construct and ultrasonically analyzed the flow profile at increasing volumetric flow rates (VFR); (2) Construct Perfusion Study: perfused a 3D-bioprinted tissue construct for a week and compared histologically with a non-perfused control. For the flow profile study, construct VFR increased with increasing pump VFR. Water and other media increased VFR significantly while human and pig blood showed shallow increases. For the construct perfusion study, we confirmed more viable cells in perfused 3D-bioprinted tissue compared to control. The FABRICA can be used to visualize constructs during 3D-bioprinting, incubation, and to control and ultrasonically analyze perfusion, aseptically in real-time, making the FABRICA tunable for different tissues.
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170
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Ong CS, Nam L, Ong K, Krishnan A, Huang CY, Fukunishi T, Hibino N. 3D and 4D Bioprinting of the Myocardium: Current Approaches, Challenges, and Future Prospects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6497242. [PMID: 29850546 PMCID: PMC5937623 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6497242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
3D and 4D bioprinting of the heart are exciting notions in the modern era. However, myocardial bioprinting has proven to be challenging. This review outlines the methods, materials, cell types, issues, challenges, and future prospects in myocardial bioprinting. Advances in 3D bioprinting technology have significantly improved the manufacturing process. While scaffolds have traditionally been utilized, 3D bioprinters, which do not require scaffolds, are increasingly being employed. Improved understanding of the cardiac cellular composition and multiple strategies to tackle the issues of vascularization and viability had led to progress in this field. In vivo studies utilizing small animal models have been promising. 4D bioprinting is a new concept that has potential to advance the field of 3D bioprinting further by incorporating the fourth dimension of time. Clinical translation will require multidisciplinary collaboration to tackle the pertinent issues facing this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Siang Ong
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lucy Nam
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kingsfield Ong
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - Aravind Krishnan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chen Yu Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takuma Fukunishi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Narutoshi Hibino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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171
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Attraction and Compaction of Migratory Breast Cancer Cells by Bone Matrix Proteins through Tumor-Osteocyte Interactions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5420. [PMID: 29615735 PMCID: PMC5882940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a frequent site of metastasis from breast cancer. To understand the potential role of osteocytes in bone metastasis, we investigated tumor-osteocyte interactions using two cell lines derived from the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, primary breast cancer cells, and MLO-A5/MLO-Y4 osteocyte cells. When three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids were grown with osteocyte spheroids, tumor spheroids fused with osteocyte spheroids and shrank. This size reduction was also observed when tumor spheroids were exposed to conditioned medium isolated from osteocyte cells. Mass spectrometry-based analysis predicted that several bone matrix proteins (e.g., collagen, biglycan) in conditioned medium could be responsible for tumor shrinkage. The osteocyte-driven shrinkage was mimicked by type I collagen, the most abundant organic component in bone, but not by hydroxyapatite, a major inorganic component in bone. RNA and protein expression analysis revealed that tumor-osteocyte interactions downregulated Snail, a transcription factor involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). An agarose bead assay showed that bone matrix proteins act as a tumor attractant. Collectively, the study herein demonstrates that osteocytes attract and compact migratory breast cancer cells through bone matrix proteins, suppress tumor migration, by Snail downregulation, and promote subsequent metastatic colonization.
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172
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Gionet-Gonzales MA, Leach JK. Engineering principles for guiding spheroid function in the regeneration of bone, cartilage, and skin. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:034109. [PMID: 29460842 PMCID: PMC5898817 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aab0b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a critical need for strategies that effectively enhance cell viability and post-implantation performance in order to advance cell-based therapies. Spheroids, which are dense cellular aggregates, overcome many current limitations with transplanting individual cells. Compared to individual cells, the aggregation of cells into spheroids results in increased cell viability, together with enhanced proangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-forming potential. Furthermore, the transplantation of cells using engineered materials enables localized delivery to the target site while providing an opportunity to guide cell fate in situ, resulting in improved therapeutic outcomes compared to systemic or localized injection. Despite promising early results achieved by freely injecting spheroids into damaged tissues, growing evidence demonstrates the advantages of entrapping spheroids within a biomaterial prior to implantation. This review will highlight the basic characteristics and qualities of spheroids, describe the underlying principles for how biomaterials influence spheroid behavior, with an emphasis on hydrogels, and provide examples of synergistic approaches using spheroids and biomaterials for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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173
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Abstract
Biofabrication of tissue analogues is aspiring to become a disruptive technology capable to solve standing biomedical problems, from generation of improved tissue models for drug testing to alleviation of the shortage of organs for transplantation. Arguably, the most powerful tool of this revolution is bioprinting, understood as the assembling of cells with biomaterials in three‐dimensional structures. It is less appreciated, however, that bioprinting is not a uniform methodology, but comprises a variety of approaches. These can be broadly classified in two categories, based on the use or not of supporting biomaterials (known as “scaffolds,” usually printable hydrogels also called “bioinks”). Importantly, several limitations of scaffold‐dependent bioprinting can be avoided by the “scaffold‐free” methods. In this overview, we comparatively present these approaches and highlight the rapidly evolving scaffold‐free bioprinting, as applied to cardiovascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicanor I Moldovan
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Ophthalmology, 3D Bioprinting Core, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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174
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In vivo therapeutic applications of cell spheroids. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:494-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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175
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Rose JC, De Laporte L. Hierarchical Design of Tissue Regenerative Constructs. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701067. [PMID: 29369541 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide shortage of organs fosters significant advancements in regenerative therapies. Tissue engineering and regeneration aim to supply or repair organs or tissues by combining material scaffolds, biochemical signals, and cells. The greatest challenge entails the creation of a suitable implantable or injectable 3D macroenvironment and microenvironment to allow for ex vivo or in vivo cell-induced tissue formation. This review gives an overview of the essential components of tissue regenerating scaffolds, ranging from the molecular to the macroscopic scale in a hierarchical manner. Further, this review elaborates about recent pivotal technologies, such as photopatterning, electrospinning, 3D bioprinting, or the assembly of micrometer-scale building blocks, which enable the incorporation of local heterogeneities, similar to most native extracellular matrices. These methods are applied to mimic a vast number of different tissues, including cartilage, bone, nerves, muscle, heart, and blood vessels. Despite the tremendous progress that has been made in the last decade, it remains a hurdle to build biomaterial constructs in vitro or in vivo with a native-like structure and architecture, including spatiotemporal control of biofunctional domains and mechanical properties. New chemistries and assembly methods in water will be crucial to develop therapies that are clinically translatable and can evolve into organized and functional tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas C. Rose
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 Aachen D‐52074 Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstr. 50 Aachen D‐52074 Germany
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176
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Lopa S, Mondadori C, Mainardi VL, Talò G, Costantini M, Candrian C, Święszkowski W, Moretti M. Translational Application of Microfluidics and Bioprinting for Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Repair. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6594841. [PMID: 29535776 PMCID: PMC5838503 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6594841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage defects can impair the most elementary daily activities and, if not properly treated, can lead to the complete loss of articular function. The limitations of standard treatments for cartilage repair have triggered the development of stem cell-based therapies. In this scenario, the development of efficient cell differentiation protocols and the design of proper biomaterial-based supports to deliver cells to the injury site need to be addressed through basic and applied research to fully exploit the potential of stem cells. Here, we discuss the use of microfluidics and bioprinting approaches for the translation of stem cell-based therapy for cartilage repair in clinics. In particular, we will focus on the optimization of hydrogel-based materials to mimic the articular cartilage triggered by their use as bioinks in 3D bioprinting applications, on the screening of biochemical and biophysical factors through microfluidic devices to enhance stem cell chondrogenesis, and on the use of microfluidic technology to generate implantable constructs with a complex geometry. Finally, we will describe some new bioprinting applications that pave the way to the clinical use of stem cell-based therapies, such as scaffold-free bioprinting and the development of a 3D handheld device for the in situ repair of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lopa
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Mondadori
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Luca Mainardi
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biological Structures Mechanics-Chemistry, Material and Chemical Engineering Department “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talò
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Costantini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Candrian
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Unità di Traumatologia e Ortopedia-ORL, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
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177
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The Synergy of Scaffold-Based and Scaffold-Free Tissue Engineering Strategies. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:348-357. [PMID: 29475621 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a highly interdisciplinary research field driven by the goal to restore, replace, or regenerate defective tissues. Throughout more than two decades of intense research, different technological approaches, which can be principally categorized into scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies, have been developed. In this opinion article, we discuss the emergence of a third strategy in TE. This synergetic strategy integrates the advantages of both of these traditional approaches, while being clearly distinct from them. Its characteristic attributes, numerous practical benefits, and recent literature reports supporting our opinion, are discussed in detail.
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178
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Moldovan L, Barnard A, Gil CH, Lin Y, Grant MB, Yoder MC, Prasain N, Moldovan NI. iPSC-Derived Vascular Cell Spheroids as Building Blocks for Scaffold-Free Biofabrication. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 29030959 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently a protocol is established to obtain large quantities of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived endothelial progenitors, called endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC), and of candidate smooth-muscle forming cells (SMFC). Here, the suitability for assembling in spheroids, and in larger 3D cell constructs is tested. iPSC-derived ECFC and SMFC are labeled with tdTomato and eGFP, respectively. Spheroids are formed in ultra-low adhesive wells, and their dynamic proprieties are studied by time-lapse microscopy, or by confocal microscopy. Spheroids are also tested for fusion ability either in the wells, or assembled on the Regenova 3D bioprinter which laces them in stainless steel micro-needles (the "Kenzan" method). It is found that both ECFC and SMFC formed spheroids in about 24 h. Fluorescence monitoring indicated a continuous compaction of ECFC spheroids, but stabilization in those prepared from SMFC. In mixed spheroids, the cell distribution changed continuously, with ECFC relocating to the core, and showing pre-vascular organization. All spheroids have the ability of in-well fusion, but only those containing SMFC are robust enough to sustain assembling in tubular structures. In these constructs a layered distribution of alpha smooth muscle actin-positive cells and extracellular matrix deposition is found. In conclusion, iPSC-derived vascular cell spheroids represent a promising new cellular material for scaffold-free biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leni Moldovan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - April Barnard
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chang-Hyun Gil
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nutan Prasain
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nicanor I Moldovan
- 3D Bioprinting Core Facility at IUSM/IUPUI, Department of Biomedical Engineering, IUPUI School of Engineering and Technology, 980 Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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179
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Ong CS, Fukunishi T, Nashed A, Blazeski A, Zhang H, Hardy S, DiSilvestre D, Vricella L, Conte J, Tung L, Tomaselli G, Hibino N. Creation of Cardiac Tissue Exhibiting Mechanical Integration of Spheroids Using 3D Bioprinting. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28715377 DOI: 10.3791/55438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes 3D bioprinting of cardiac tissue without the use of biomaterials, using only cells. Cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts are first isolated, counted and mixed at desired cell ratios. They are co-cultured in individual wells in ultra-low attachment 96-well plates. Within 3 days, beating spheroids form. These spheroids are then picked up by a nozzle using vacuum suction and assembled on a needle array using a 3D bioprinter. The spheroids are then allowed to fuse on the needle array. Three days after 3D bioprinting, the spheroids are removed as an intact patch, which is already spontaneously beating. 3D bioprinted cardiac patches exhibit mechanical integration of component spheroids and are highly promising in cardiac tissue regeneration and as 3D models of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Siang Ong
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Conte
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital
| | - Leslie Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
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180
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Sego TJ, Kasacheuski U, Hauersperger D, Tovar A, Moldovan NI. A heuristic computational model of basic cellular processes and oxygenation during spheroid-dependent biofabrication. Biofabrication 2017; 9:024104. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa6ed4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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181
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Moldovan L, Babbey CM, Murphy MP, Moldovan NI. Comparison of biomaterial-dependent and -independent bioprinting methods for cardiovascular medicine. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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182
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Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) tissue model has significant advantages over the conventional two-dimensional (2D) model. A 3D model mimics the relevant in-vivo physiological conditions, allowing a cell culture to serve as an effective tool for drug discovery, tissue engineering, and the investigation of disease pathology. The present reviews highlight the recent advances and the development of microfluidics based methods for the generation of cell spheroids. The paper emphasizes on the application of microfluidic technology for tissue engineering including the formation of multicellular spheroids (MCS). Further, the paper discusses the recent technical advances in the integration of microfluidic devices for MCS-based high-throughput drug screening. The review compares the various microfluidic techniques and finally provides a perspective for the future opportunities in this research area.
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