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Potentially toxic concentrations in blood of total ropivacaine after bilateral transversus abdominis plane blocks; a pharmacokinetic study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2012; 29:235-8. [PMID: 22450529 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0b013e328350b0d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Elevated blood levels of lidocaine and ropivacaine have been described after transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block. OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of ropivacaine after bilateral TAP blocks. DESIGN Prospective observational pharmacokinetic study. SETTING University teaching hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark. PATIENTS Twenty-one adult patients presenting for abdominopelvic surgery with bilateral TAP blocks were enrolled. PROCEDURES Ultrasound-guided TAP blocks with bilateral injections of 20 ml ropivacaine 0.5% w/v (total dose 200 mg). Blood was sampled at 0, 10, 30 and 60 min after TAP blocks. MEASURES Total and free peak blood concentrations (Cmax) of ropivacaine. RESULTS Data were analysed from N = 18 patients. The median dose of ropivacaine was 2.7 mg kg(-1) (range: 1.9-4.2 mg kg(-1)). Median total ropivacaine concentrations were 1.0, 1.6 and 1.7 μg ml(-1) at 10, 30 and 60 min, respectively. Six patients (33%) had Cmax values above 2.2 μg ml(-1) and the highest concentration measured was 5.1 μg ml(-1). One patient had a 33% drop in mean arterial blood pressure. CONCLUSION TAP blocks with bilateral injections of 20 ml ropivacaine 0.5% w/v gave rise to potentially toxic peak blood concentrations of total ropivacaine in one-third of the patients.
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Amlong CA, Schroeder KM, Andrei AC, Han S, Donnelly MJ. The analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane blocks in ileostomy takedowns: a retrospective analysis. J Clin Anesth 2012; 24:373-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia after Cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth 2012; 59:766-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-012-9729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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155
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Patel SA, Gotkin J, Huang R, Darling C, Pates JA, Dolinsky B. Transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia after cesarean delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 25:2270-3. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.685789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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156
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Sakamoto B, Kuber S, Gwirtz K, Elsahy A, Stennis M. Neurolytic transversus abdominis plane block in the palliative treatment of intractable abdominal wall pain. J Clin Anesth 2012; 24:58-61. [PMID: 22284321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 45 year old man with metastatic colon cancer presented with uncontrollable abdominal wall pain. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block with ropivacaine and methylprednisolone was performed with excellent pain relief, which allowed a significant weaning of the patient's opioid requirements. A second TAP block was performed with a 33% ethanol solution (ethanol and ropivacaine) with excellent pain relief. The neurolytic block appeared to offer better pain control for more than 5 days after placement until the patient finally succumbed to his illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Sakamoto
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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157
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Bollag L, Richebe P, Ortner C, Landau R. Transversus abdominis plane catheters for post-cesarean delivery analgesia: a series of five cases. Int J Obstet Anesth 2012; 21:176-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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A randomized controlled trial comparing intrathecal morphine with transversus abdominis plane block for post-cesarean delivery analgesia. Int J Obstet Anesth 2012; 21:112-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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159
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Cowlishaw PJ, Scott DM, Barrington MJ. The role of regional anaesthesia techniques in the management of acute pain. Anaesth Intensive Care 2012; 40:33-45. [PMID: 22313062 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1204000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Regional anaesthesia and analgesia techniques are used to effectively manage acute pain after a variety of surgeries. With the rapid growth of ultrasound-guided procedures, anaesthetists are re-examining regional anaesthesia and analgesia and their roles in pain management. In this evolving field previous published data may not reflect current practice. Therefore, a narrative review of recent literature was undertaken to establish the current utility and efficacy of regional anaesthesia and analgesia for the management of acute pain following surgery. Only prospective randomised controlled trials published between March 2009 and March 2011 with outcome measures of analgesia efficacy were included. Sixty-five randomised controlled trials were identified involving 4841 patients. Regional techniques for the management of knee (26%), abdominal (26%) and shoulder (14%) surgery were most frequently studied. The review provides further evidence that regional anaesthesia and analgesia can offer excellent analgesia with acceptable side-effects for the management of postsurgical pain. In addition, the results of this review support the use of ultrasound guidance when performing regional techniques and continuous catheter techniques to prolong analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Cowlishaw
- Department of Anaesthesia, Mater Misericordiae Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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160
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McDonnell NJ, Paech MJ. The transversus abdominis plane block and post-caesarean analgesia: are we any closer to defining its role? Int J Obstet Anesth 2012; 21:109-11. [PMID: 22405671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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161
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Bruggink SM, Schroeder KM, Baker-Herman TL, Schroeder CA. Weight-based volume of injection influences cranial to caudal spread of local anesthetic solution in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane blocks in canine cadavers. Vet Surg 2012; 41:455-7. [PMID: 22380877 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2012.00972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the volume of injected local anesthetic solution affects cranial to caudal spread when performing ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective experimental study. ANIMALS Adult Beagle cadavers (n = 20) METHODS Bilateral TAP blocks using ultrasound guidance was performed in 20 Beagle cadavers (mean ± SD weight, 9.3 ± 1.4 kg) using a 1:1 solution of methylene blue/bupivacaine injected at volumes of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mL/kg. Cadavers were dissected to determine injectate spread within the transversus abdominis fascial plane. RESULTS The transversus abdominis fascial plane was adequately identified by ultrasonography, injected, and dissected in 38 beagle hemi-abdominal walls; injectate was not identified in 2 hemi-abdominal walls. Dermatomal spread (number of ventral nerve roots saturated by injected solution) was volume dependent (P = .026, Kruskal Wallis): 2.9 ± 0.74 nerve roots for 0.25 mL/kg; 3.4 ± 1.1 for 0.5 mL/kg; 4.0 ± 0.67 for 0.75 mL/kg; and 4.2 ± 1.2 for 1 mL/kg. CONCLUSION In Beagle cadavers, the volume of injected local anesthetic solution significantly affects cranial to caudal spread within the TAP during ultrasound-guided TAP blocks. The volume of local anesthetic injected could potentially be used to augment the spread of analgesic coverage for a given surgical procedure in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Bruggink
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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Eslamian L, Jalili Z, Jamal A, Marsoosi V, Movafegh A. Transversus abdominis plane block reduces postoperative pain intensity and analgesic consumption in elective cesarean delivery under general anesthesia. J Anesth 2012; 26:334-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-012-1336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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163
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A randomised trial of the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block after caesarean delivery under general anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2012; 29:88-94. [DOI: 10.1097/eja.0b013e32834f015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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164
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Clinical implications of the transversus abdominis plane block in adults. Anesthesiol Res Pract 2012; 2012:731645. [PMID: 22312327 PMCID: PMC3270549 DOI: 10.1155/2012/731645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a relatively new regional anesthesia technique that provides analgesia to the parietal peritoneum as well as the skin and muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. It has a high margin of safety and is technically simple to perform, especially under ultrasound guidance. A growing body of evidence supports the use of TAP blocks for a variety of abdominal procedures, yet, widespread adoption of this therapeutic adjunct has been slow. In part, this may be related to the limited sources for anesthesiologists to develop an appreciation for its sound anatomical basis and the versatility of its clinical application. As such, we provide a brief historical perspective on the TAP block, describe relevant anatomy, review current techniques, discuss pharmacologic considerations, and summarize the existing literature regarding its clinical utility with an emphasis on recently published studies that have not been included in other systematic reviews or meta-analyses.
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166
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Bilateral Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Does Not Decrease Postoperative Pain After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy When Compared With Local Anesthetic Infiltration of Trocar Insertion Sites. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2012; 37:188-92. [DOI: 10.1097/aap.0b013e318244851b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physiologic changes of pregnancy uniquely influence anesthesia for Cesarean delivery. Included is a review of current obstetrical anesthesia considerations for Cesarean delivery and recent changes improving maternal care and outcome. SOURCES OF DATA A literature review was conducted using Pubmed and the Cochrane database. AREAS OF AGREEMENT AND CONTROVERSY Increased use of neuraxial techniques instead of general anesthesia for Cesarean delivery has improved maternal safety. Recent changes in the prevention of gastric aspiration, hypotension from neuraxial techniques, venous thrombosis and a team approach have improved maternal care. Elective Cesarean deliveries and management of urgent deliveries are areas of discussion. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Obstetric anesthesia advances have improved maternal outcomes. Current areas of needed obstetric anesthesia research include improved obese patient care, the impact of anticoagulation on neuraxial techniques in pregnancy, long-term neurocognitive effects of neonatal exposure to anesthesia and postoperative pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rollins
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, San Francisco, CA 94143-0464, USA.
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168
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Deruddre S, Arnaout M, Zetlaoui PJ. [Place of ultrasound-guided TAP block in renal transplantation]. ANNALES FRANCAISES D'ANESTHESIE ET DE REANIMATION 2011; 30:941-942. [PMID: 22115603 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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169
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Shin HJ, Kim ST, Yim KH, Lee HS, Sim JH, Shin YD. Preemptive analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery via a transverse lower abdominal skin incision. Korean J Anesthesiol 2011; 61:413-8. [PMID: 22148091 PMCID: PMC3229021 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2011.61.5.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transversus abdominis plane block is recently described peripheral block to providing analgesia to the anterior abdominal wall. The goal of this study is to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of the ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block (US-TAP block) in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery via a transverse lower abdominal skin incision. Methods Thirty-two patients undergoing gynecologic surgery were randomized to undergo standard care such as PCA, or to receive additional US-TAP block with standard care. After general anesthesia induction, a bilateral US-TAP block was performed using 0.375% ropivacaine 20 ml on each side. Postoperative demand of rescue analgesics in PACU and ward were recorded. Each patient was assessed postoperatively by a blinded investigator in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and at 2, 6, 10, 24, 48 hr postoperatively to investigate pain, drowsiness, nausea and itch. Results The US-TAP block reduced pain intensity compared to standard care in the PACU (5.2 ± 3.1 vs 8.4 ± 1.3) and at 2, 24 postoperative hours (3.0 ± 2.4 vs 5.2 ± 2.4, 0.9 ± 1.5 vs 2.2 ± 1.9). Fentanyl requirements in PACU was reduced (20.3 ± 20.9 vs 62.5 ± 35.4 µg, P < 0.05). In ward, pethidine requirements was reduced (21.9 ± 28.7 vs 56.3 ± 34.8 mg, P < 0.05). Conclusions The US-TAP block with standard care provide more effective analgesia after gynecologic surgery via a transverse lower abdominal skin incision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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170
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Kadam RV, Field JB. Ultrasound-guided continuous transverse abdominis plane block for abdominal surgery. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2011; 27:333-6. [PMID: 21897502 PMCID: PMC3161456 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9185.83676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a new regional analgesic technique for postoperative pain in abdominal surgery. Its efficacy is not clear, and thus it needs to be explored for its regular utilisation on prolonged period. The objective was to study the continuous local anaesthetic infusion effect on postoperative analgesia. Continuous use of TAP block as an analgesic technique has not been evaluated prospectively in clinical trials. This study evaluates the efficacy of ultrasound-guided TAP block in comparison with PCA fentanyl in major abdominal surgery. Materials and Methods: There were 20 patients in the study, allocated to TAP and control groups. The parameters measured were pain scores on a numerical rating scale (NRS) of 0-10 at various time intervals and the amount of fentanyl used as rescue analgesia. Patient satisfaction scores were recorded in the TAP block group and along with any complications related to the block. Results: The postoperative median pain scores on coughing on day one were 6.0 for control group and 2.0 for the TAP group (P = 0.02); on day two, the equivalent scores were 7.0 and 2.0 (P = 0.01). The fentanyl requirement at one hour was 203 μ for the control group and 78 μg for the TAP group (P = 0.03); at day one, the control and TAP requirements were 1237 μg and 664 μg respectively (P = 0.01). Three TAP patients rated their satisfaction as ‘excellent’, four as ‘satisfied, and two as ‘poor’. Conclusion: TAP block is a promising technique for postoperative analgesia in major abdominal surgeries. Our study demonstrated lower pain scores in the TAP group with reduced fentanyl requirement. Further, a large scale study is needed to establish the efficacy of TAP block in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao V Kadam
- Department of anaesthesia, Statistical Consultant, The University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA, Australia
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171
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Proceedings of the Anaesthetic Research Society. Br J Anaesth 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
The "What's New in Obstetric Anesthesia" lecture was established by the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology in 1975 to update members on the preceding year's medical literature. In 1995, the lecture was renamed in honor of Gerard W. Ostheimer, an obstetric anesthesiologist from Brigham and Women's Hospital who contributed significantly to the knowledge and practice of obstetric anesthesia. The Ostheimer lecturer reviews the obstetric anesthesia, obstetric, perinatology, and health services literature to identify articles that are relevant to the practice of obstetric anesthesiology. This review summarizes the most relevant publications from the 2010 literature.
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PATHER S, LOADSMAN JA, GOPALAN PD, RAO A, PHILP S, CARTER J. The role of transversus abdominis plane blocks in women undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy: A retrospective review. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 51:544-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.2011.01369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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174
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Carney J, Finnerty O, Rauf J, Bergin D, Laffey JG, Mc Donnell JG. Studies on the spread of local anaesthetic solution in transversus abdominis plane blocks*. Anaesthesia 2011; 66:1023-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dahl JB, Mathiesen O, Kehlet H. An expert opinion on postoperative pain management, with special reference to new developments. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011; 11:2459-70. [PMID: 20586709 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2010.499124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Recently, much attention has been directed towards the effect of opioid-sparing strategies on postoperative morbidity and hospitalization, and on different nociceptive mechanisms involved in various postoperative pain states and surgical procedures. This has resulted in an increased interest in secondary, or adjunct, analgesics and procedure-specific analgesic methods. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The present paper aims to review and discuss recent developments within the field of various adjunct, systemic analgesics and local/regional anesthetic methods for management of postoperative pain, based on evidence from randomized, clinical trials published within the last 5 years. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain insight into the current role of pregabalin, glucocorticoids and systemic lidocaine for the management of postoperative pain. In addition, the current status of local infiltration analgesia for hip and knee arthroplasty, transversus abdominis plane block for abdominal operations, and the analgesic effect of wound instillation of capsaicin are reviewed. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The evidence of a substantial analgesic effect of pregabalin on acute postoperative pain is questionable, and more convincing evidence of the role of glucocorticoids and systemic lidocaine is needed before they should be recommended as analgesics in daily clinical practice. Local infiltration analgesia after hip and knee arthroplasty, transversus abdominis plane block after abdominal operations and local application of capsaicin lend some promise, but there is still a lack of well-performed RCTs to draw any firm conclusions. Procedure-specific analgesic combinations within well-defined rehabilitation paradigms should be explored further to reduce adverse effects associated with the use of conventional analgesic treatment protocols, and to improve postoperative outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen B Dahl
- Copenhagen University, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Department of Anaesthesia, Denmark.
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176
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Schroeder CA, Snyder LBC, Tearney CC, Baker-Herman TL, Schroeder KM. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in the dog: an anatomical evaluation. Vet Anaesth Analg 2011; 38:267-71. [PMID: 21492393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the ultrasound-guided technique to the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in the dog and evaluate the spread of a local anesthetic/methylene blue solution. STUDY DESIGN Prospective experimental trial. ANIMALS Ten adult Beagle cadavers weighing 11.1 ± 1.1 kg (mean ± SD). METHODS Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks were performed bilaterally by a single trained individual on unpreserved cadaver dogs using 10 mL of methylene blue/bupivacaine solution per site. Dissection of the abdominal wall was performed within 15-55 minutes of block to determine distribution of injectate and nerve involvement in the transversus abdominis fascial plane. RESULTS The transversus abdominis fascial plane was adequately visualized via ultrasound and injected in twenty hemi-abdominal walls. Segmental branches of T11, T12, T13, L1, L2, and L3 were adequately stained in 20%, 60%, 100%, 100%, 90%, and 30% of injections, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This anatomical study suggests that the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block would provide adequate regional anesthesia of the abdomen, potentially extending to the cranial and caudal limits of the abdomen. This supports the clinical potential of this block in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A Schroeder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine. Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Mei W, Jin C, Feng L, Zhang Y, Luo A, Zhang C, Tian Y. Bilateral Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Combined with Ilioinguinal-Iliohypogastric Nerve Block for Cesarean Delivery Anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2011; 113:134-7. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31821891e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Malchow R, Jaeger L, Lam H. Rectus Sheath Catheters for Continuous Analgesia after Laparotomy—Without Postoperative Opioid Use. PAIN MEDICINE 2011; 12:1124-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Koscielniak-Nielsen ZJ. Transversus abdominis plane blocks for rescue analgesia after major abdominal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2011; 55:635-7. [PMID: 21668937 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Atim A, Bilgin F, Kilickaya O, Purtuloglu T, Alanbay I, Orhan ME, Kurt E. The Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Hysterectomy. Anaesth Intensive Care 2011; 39:630-4. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1103900415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study objective of this prospective, double-blind randomised controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and bupivacaine infiltration of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the wound in patients undergoing hysterectomy. Patients were randomly allocated to three groups: a control group (n=18) and TAP block group (n=18) received bilateral TAP blocks with saline and bupivacaine respectively, and an infiltration group (n=19) received skin and subcutaneous wound tissue infiltration with bupivacaine at the end of surgery. After surgery patients received patient-controlled intravenous tramadol and were assessed for pain and tramadol consumption at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours. Both the TAP and infiltration groups had lower movement and rest pain scores than the control group, with lower scores in the TAP group than the infiltration group at 6 and 24 hours. Total tramadol consumption was significantly lower in the TAP group than in the other groups at all time points. We concluded that ultrasound-guided TAP block reduced rest and movement pain after total abdominal hysterectomy and was more effective than superficial wound infiltration for postoperative pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Atim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F. Bilgin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - O. Kilickaya
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - T. Purtuloglu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - I. Alanbay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M. E. Orhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E. Kurt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
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Ultrasound-Guided Bilateral Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia after Breast Reconstruction by DIEP Flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011; 128:44-55. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e3182174090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Is ultrasound guidance advantageous for interventional pain management? A review of acute pain outcomes. Anesth Analg 2011; 113:596-604. [PMID: 21642604 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3182223397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound (US) guidance for peripheral nerve blockade has gained popularity worldwide. The reported benefits of real-time sonographic visualization compared with traditional nerve localization techniques generally apply to procedural and technical block-related outcomes whereas acute pain-related outcomes are featured less prominently. In this review, we evaluated the effect of US guidance compared with traditional nerve localization techniques for interventional management of acute pain and acute pain-related outcomes. METHODS We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials (from January 1990 to January 2011) to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of US guidance on acute pain and related outcomes compared with traditional nerve localization techniques. Studies were excluded if they did not report at least one of the following acute pain outcomes: pain severity, opioid consumption, sensory block duration, and time to first analgesic request. Related outcomes were classified as follows: patient related (opioid-related adverse effects, patient satisfaction, postoperative cognitive deficit); anesthesia related (unwanted motor block, perineural catheter failure, morbidity, development of chronic pain); surgery related (hospital readmission, ability to ambulate); and hospital related (length of stay, cost). Promising novel applications of US guidance for acute pain management were also sought for discussion purposes. RESULTS We identified 23 randomized controlled trials, including 1674 patients, that compared US guidance with and without peripheral nerve stimulation with peripheral nerve stimulation alone or anatomical landmark techniques. Of the 16 studies that evaluated pain severity, 8 reported improvement with US guidance; however, only 1 study reported a difference between US guidance and the comparator of >1 interval on the numeric rating pain scale. Eight studies evaluated sensory block duration and 3 of these reported prolonged block duration with US guidance. Seven studies evaluated opioid consumption, of which 3 reported a reduction with US guidance. Three studies evaluated time to first analgesic request, of which 2 favored US guidance. We uncovered no significant differences between US guidance and traditional nerve localization techniques for any other related outcome. US guidance was not found to be inferior compared with traditional nerve localization techniques for any outcome. Nonrandomized data suggest that US-guided transversus abdominis plane blocks may offer analgesic benefit over standard analgesic therapy, but has not been compared with an anatomical landmark technique. CONCLUSIONS At present, there is insufficient evidence in the contemporary literature to define the effect of US guidance on acute pain and related outcomes compared with traditional nerve localization techniques for interventional acute pain management.
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Bharti N, Kumar P, Bala I, Gupta V. The Efficacy of a Novel Approach to Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Colorectal Surgery. Anesth Analg 2011; 112:1504-8. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3182159bf8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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McMorrow R, Ni Mhuircheartaigh R, Ahmed K, Aslani A, Ng SC, Conrick-Martin I, Dowling J, Gaffney A, Loughrey J, McCaul C. Comparison of transversus abdominis plane block vs spinal morphine for pain relief after Caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106:706-712. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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M Cyna A, Fahy C, Costi D, McGuirk S. A reply. Anaesthesia 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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187
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Laffey J. Placebo blocks in local anaesthesia studies: the need for balance. Anaesthesia 2011; 66:390-2; author reply 392-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Niraj G, Kelkar A, Jeyapalan I, Graff-Baker P, Williams O, Darbar A, Maheshwaran A, Powell R. Comparison of analgesic efficacy of subcostal transversus abdominis plane blocks with epidural analgesia following upper abdominal surgery. Anaesthesia 2011; 66:465-71. [PMID: 21457153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Subcostal transversus abdominis plane (TAP) catheters have been reported to be an effective method of providing analgesia after upper abdominal surgery. We compared their analgesic efficacy with that of epidural analgesia after major upper abdominal surgery in a randomised controlled trial. Adult patients undergoing elective open hepatobiliary or renal surgery were randomly allocated to receive subcostal TAP catheters (n=29) or epidural analgesia (n=33), in addition to a standard postoperative analgesic regimen comprising of regular paracetamol and tramadol as required. The TAP group patients received bilateral subcostal TAP catheters and 1 mg.kg(-1) bupivacaine 0.375% bilaterally every 8 h. The epidural group patients received an infusion of bupivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 2 μg.ml(-1) . The primary outcome measure was visual analogue pain scores during coughing at 8, 24, 48 and 72 h after surgery. We found no significant differences in median (IQR [range]) visual analogue scores during coughing at 8 h between the TAP group (4.0 (2.3-6.0 [0-7.5])) and epidural group (4.0 (2.5-5.3) [0-8.5])) and at 72 h (2.0 (0.8-4.0 [0-5]) and 2.5 (1.0-5.0 [0-6]), respectively). Tramadol consumption was significantly greater in the TAP group (p=0.002). Subcostal TAP catheter boluses may be an effective alternative to epidural infusions for providing postoperative analgesia after upper abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Niraj
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Leicester General Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
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Loubert C, Fernando R. Cesarean delivery in the obese parturient: anesthetic considerations. WOMENS HEALTH 2011; 7:163-79. [PMID: 21410344 DOI: 10.2217/whe.10.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide health problem and its prevalence is reaching epidemic proportions. As obesity does not spare women of childbearing age, obstetric anesthesiologists will increasingly be exposed to the challenges of anesthesia in this population. The purpose of this article is to give the reader a thorough understanding of the anesthetic implications of obesity relating to cesarean deliveries. Obesity is associated with hypertension, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea and other comorbidities. It increases the risk of cesarean delivery, postpartum wound infections and deep venous thromboembolism. Obese parturients are prone to anesthetic complications such as aspiration of gastric contents, difficult monitoring, positioning, airway management and challenging neuraxial techniques. A thorough precesarean delivery preparation should include an evaluation by an anesthesiologist for women with a BMI over 40 kg/m² and institution of an antacid prophylaxis protocol, thromboprophylaxis and antibiotic prophylaxis. Regional anesthesia should ideally be used in all obese parturients unless contraindicated. The goals of postpartum care include efficacious analgesia, physiotherapy and early mobilization. Monitoring and vigilance in an intensive care unit or step-down units should be considered for morbidly obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Loubert
- Anesthetic Department, University College London Hospitals, 235 Euston Road, London NW12BU, UK
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190
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McGuirk S, Fahy C, Costi D, Cyna AM. Use of invasive placebos in research on local anaesthetic interventions. Anaesthesia 2011; 66:84-91. [PMID: 21254982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Placebos play a vital role in clinical research, but their invasive use in the context of local anaesthetic blocks is controversial. We assessed whether recently published randomised controlled trials of local anaesthetic blocks risked harming control group patients in contravention of the Declaration of Helsinki. We developed the 'SHAM' (Serious Harm and Morbidity) scale to assess risk: grade 0 = no risk (no intervention); grade 1 = minimal risk (for example, skin allergy to dressing); grade 2 = minor risk (for example, subcutaneous haematoma, infection); grade 3 = moderate risk (with or without placebo injection) (for example, neuropraxia); and grade 4 = major risk (such as blindness, pneumothorax, or liver laceration). Placebo interventions of the 59 included trials were given a SHAM grade. Nine hundred and nineteen patients in 31 studies, including six studies with 183 children, received an invasive placebo assessed as SHAM grade ≥ 3. A high level of agreement (78%, κ = 0.80, p < 0.001) for SHAM grades 0-4 increased to 100% following discussion between assessors. More than half of the randomised controlled study designs subjected patients in control groups to risks of serious or irreversible harm. A debate on whether it is justifiable to expose control group patients to risks of serious harm is overdue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McGuirk
- Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
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191
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Abstract
The current article covers some of the major themes that emerged in 2009 in the fields of obstetric anesthesiology, obstetrics, and perinatology, with a special emphasis on the implications for the obstetric anesthesiologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Mhyre
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Obstetric Anesthesia, Women's Hospital, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5278, USA.
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Beloeil H, Zetlaoui P. TAP bloc et blocs de la paroi abdominale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 30:141-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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TAP block avec pose bilatérale d’un cathéter pour analgésie postopératoire après chirurgie gynécologique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 30:67-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kearns RJ, Young SJ. Transversus abdominis plane blocks; a national survey of techniques used by UK obstetric anaesthetists. Int J Obstet Anesth 2010; 20:103-4. [PMID: 21112766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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195
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Owen DJ, Harrod I, Ford J, Luckas M, Gudimetla V. The surgical transversus abdominis plane block-a novel approach for performing an established technique. BJOG 2010; 118:24-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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196
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Saranteas T, Anagnostis G, Lappas T, Christodoulopoulou T, Kostopanagiotou G. Feasibility of ultrasound imaging of the abdominal wall in elderly obese volunteers. Br J Anaesth 2010; 105:549-50. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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197
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Griffiths JD, Middle JV, Barron FA, Grant SJ, Popham PA, Royse CF. Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Does Not Provide Additional Benefit to Multimodal Analgesia in Gynecological Cancer Surgery. Anesth Analg 2010; 111:797-801. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181e53517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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198
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Isaacs R, Turner M. Itching to do a TAP block? Int J Obstet Anesth 2010; 19:468-9. [PMID: 20705447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kanazi GE, Aouad MT, Abdallah FW, Khatib MI, Adham AM, Harfoush DW, Siddik-Sayyid SM. The Analgesic Efficacy of Subarachnoid Morphine in Comparison with Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block After Cesarean Delivery. Anesth Analg 2010; 111:475-81. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181e30b9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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