151
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Zhang H, Wang Q, Zhao Q, Di W. MiR-124 inhibits the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by targeting SphK1. J Ovarian Res 2013; 6:84. [PMID: 24279510 PMCID: PMC3879084 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-6-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is still a major gynecologic problem with poor 5 year survival rate due to distance metastases, despite routine surgery and chemotherapy. The precise underlying molecular mechanisms that trigger EOC migration and invasion are unclear. Recent studies suggest that the expression of microRNAs is widely dysregulated in ovarian cancer; and that they have evolved into tumorigenic processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis and motility. METHODS The expression of miR-124 was assessed in clinical ovarian cancer specimens and cell lines using miRNA qRTPCR. The function of miR-124 on cell migration and invasion was confirmed in vitro through wound healing assay and transwell assay. Luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm target associations. RESULTS We showed that miR-124 is down-regulated in ovarian cancer specimens as well as in cell lines; and that low-level expression of miR-124 is much lower in highly metastatic ovarian cancer cells and tissues. Meantime, overexpression of miR-124 dramatically inhibits the motility of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and substantially suppresses the protein expression of SphK1, reported as an invasion and metastasis-related gene in human cancers, whose expression is markedly increased in both ovarian cancer cell lines and clinical samples, particularly in two highly metastasis cells, SKOV3-ip and HO8910pm as well as metastatic ovarian tumor tissues. Furthermore, SphK1 is identified as a direct target of miR-124, and knock-down of SphK1 in ovarian cancer cells, SKOV3-ip and HO8910pm, could mimic the inhibition of migration and invasion by miR-124, while re-introduction of SphK1 abrogates the suppression of motility and invasiveness induced by miR-124 in both cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggest a protective role of miR-124 in inhibition of migration and invasion in the molecular etiology of ovarian cancer, and a potentially novel application of miR-124 in the regulation of migration and invasion in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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152
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Cheng Q, Yi B, Wang A, Jiang X. Exploring and exploiting the fundamental role of microRNAs in tumor pathogenesis. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1675-84. [PMID: 24273410 PMCID: PMC3836659 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s52730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs (miRs) are short RNA molecules that are involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of mRNA. The roles of miRs in tumor pathogenesis have only recently become a focus of research. It is becoming increasingly clear that miRs are important regulators of apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in cancer cells during cancer genesis and progression, furthering our understanding of cancer. In the present review, we summarize and evaluate the recent advances in our understanding of the characteristics of miRs as well as their regulated functions in cancer stem cells (CSCs), the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the tumor microenvironment (TM), describing their roles in tumor pathogenesis and their possible use as new therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbao Cheng
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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153
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Xu X, Li S, Lin Y, Chen H, Hu Z, Mao Y, Xu X, Wu J, Zhu Y, Zheng X, Luo J, Xie L. MicroRNA-124-3p inhibits cell migration and invasion in bladder cancer cells by targeting ROCK1. J Transl Med 2013; 11:276. [PMID: 24180482 PMCID: PMC4228407 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence has suggested that dysregulation of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to human disease including carcinogenesis and tumor metastasis in human. miR-124-3p is down-regulated in various cancers, and modulates proliferation and aggressiveness of cancer cells. However, the roles of miR-124-3p in human bladder cancer are elusive. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the biological functions and its molecular mechanisms of miR-124-3p in human bladder cancer cell lines, discussing whether it has a potential to be a therapeutic biomarker of bladder cancer. Methods Three human bladder cancer cell lines and samples from ten patients with bladder cancer were analyzed for the expression of miR-124-3p by quantitative RT--PCR. Exogenetic overexpression of miR-124-3p was established by transfecting mimics into T24, UM-UC-3 and J82 cells, after that cell proliferation and cell cycle were assessed by MTT assay, flow cytometry and Colony-forming assay. Cell motility and invasion ability were evaluated by wound healing assay and transwell assay. Tissue microarray, and immunohistochemistry with antibodies against ROCK1, MMP2 and MMP9 was performed using the peroxidase and DAB methods. The target gene of miR-124-3p was determined by luciferase assays, quantitative RT--PCR and western blot. The regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by miR-124-3p was analyzed by western blot. Results miR-124-3p is frequently down-regulated in bladder cancer both in three bladder cancer cell lines, T24, UM-UC-3, J82 and clinical samples. Overexpression of miR-124-3p induced G1-phase arrest in T24, UM-UC-3 and J82 cell lines and suppressed cell growth in colony-forming assay. miR-124-3p significantly repressed the capability of migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells. In addition, ROCK1 was identified as a new target of miR-124-3p. ROCK1, MMP2, MMP9 were up-regulated in bladder cancer tissues. Furthermore, we demonstrated miR-124-3p could inhibit bladder cancer cell epithelial mesenchymal transfer, and regulated the expression of c-Met, MMP2, MMP9. Conclusions miR-124-3p can repress the migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells via regulating ROCK1. Our data indicate that miR-124-3p could be a tumor suppressor and may have a potential to be a diagnostics or predictive biomarker in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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154
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miR-320a regulates erythroid differentiation through MAR binding protein SMAR1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2519-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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155
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Huang J, Yao X, Zhang J, Dong B, Chen Q, Xue W, Liu D, Huang Y. Hypoxia-induced downregulation of miR-30c promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:1609-17. [PMID: 24112779 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which negatively regulate protein expression by binding protein-coding mRNAs, have been integrated into cancer development and progression as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. miR-30c was reported to be downregulated in several types of cancer. However, its role in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains largely unknown. Here, we show that miR-30c is significantly downregulated in human RCC tissues and cell lines. We found that miR-30c downregulation could be induced by hypoxia in RCC cells in a hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) dependent manner. Repression of miR-30c through its inhibitor resulted in reduction of E-cadherin production and promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while overexpression of miR-30c inhibited EMT in RCC cells. We identified Slug as a direct target of miR-30c in RCC cells. Slug was upregulated in RCC tissues and its expression could be induced by hypoxia, which is consistent with downregulation of miR-30c by hypoxia. Forced overexpression of Slug in 786-O cells reduced E-cadherin production, and promoted EMT as well as cell migration. Moreover, Slug overexpression abrogated the inhibitory role of miR-30c in regulating EMT and cell migration, indicating miR-30c regulates EMT through Slug in RCC cells. Our findings propose a model that hypoxia induces EMT in RCC cells through downregulation of miR-30c, which leads to subsequent increase of Slug expression and repression of E-cadherin production, and suggest a potential application of miR-30c in RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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156
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Markou A, Yousef GM, Stathopoulos E, Georgoulias V, Lianidou E. Prognostic significance of metastasis-related microRNAs in early breast cancer patients with a long follow-up. Clin Chem 2013; 60:197-205. [PMID: 24132943 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2013.210542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stability of microRNAs (miRNAs) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues enables their reliable analysis in archived FFPE tissue samples, which are an invaluable source for the evaluation of novel biomarkers. Especially in breast cancer, for which late relapses occur in many cases, analysis of miRNAs in FFPE tissues holds great potential, because it can lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers suitable for future routine clinical diagnostics for breast cancer. We investigated the prognostic significance of 6 metastasis-related miRNAs that can critically regulate various stages of migration and invasion and play critical roles in the multistep metastatic process. METHODS We quantified the expression of 6 mature miRNAs (namely miR-21, miR-205, miR-10b, miR-210, miR-335, and let-7a) by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR in FFPE tissues of 84 patients with early breast cancer and a long follow-up and 13 cancer-free breast tissue FFPE samples that were used as the control group. We further correlated individual miRNA over- or underexpression with the disease-free interval (DFI) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed that both miR-21 and miR-205 were significantly associated with DFI and only miR-205 with OS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that miR-205 and miR-21 were independent factors associated with early disease relapse, whereas only miR-205 overexpression was associated with OS. CONCLUSIONS Our results clearly indicate that deregulation of metastasis-associated miRNAs in primary tumors is associated with clinical outcome in patients with early breast cancer and can differentiate patients with higher risk in well-characterized subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Markou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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157
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Chen YS, Huang WL, Chang SH, Chang KW, Kao SY, Lo JF, Su PF. Enhanced filopodium formation and stem-like phenotypes in a novel metastatic head and neck cancer cell model. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2829-37. [PMID: 24100418 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world, and metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related mortality. Prevention or elimination of metastasis may improve the survival of cancer patients; however, the availability of systemic HNSCC cell model with which to investigate the mechanisms of metastasis is limited. In the present study, we established a set of metastatic cell lines from HNSCC cells. In combination with their low-tumorigenic and high-tumorigenic ancestor cell lines, a cell model containing cell lines with varying malignant characteristics was established. Transcriptome analysis revealed distinct signatures among the metastatic cell lines, in comparison to the ancestor cell lines. Signaling of GTPase RhoA and mammalian embryonic stem cell pluripotency were identified in the metastatic cells. Moreover, we examined the expression of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Snail, Slug, Twist, vimentin and fibronectin) and stemness (Oct4, Nanog and Bmi1). The capabilities of the cells for migration, invasion, spheroid formation and pulmonary colonization in nude mice were determined. Together, we demonstrated gain of Slug expression, filopodium formation and stem-like properties in metastatic HNSCC cells, rendering this model a powerful tool for the development of diagnostic biomarkers and identification of therapeutic targets for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Syuan Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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158
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Mayanil CS. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of neural crest induction during neurulation. Dev Neurosci 2013; 35:361-72. [PMID: 24051984 DOI: 10.1159/000354749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurulation is one of the many important events in mammalian development. It is the stage of organogenesis in vertebrate embryos during which the neural tube is transformed into the primitive structures that will later develop into the central nervous system. Recent transcriptome analysis during neurulation and early organogenesis in humans and mice has identified the global dynamics of gene expression changes across developmental time. This has revealed a richer understanding of gene regulation and provides hints at the transcriptional regulatory networks that underlie these processes. Similarly, epigenome analysis, which collectively constitutes histone modifications, transcription factor binding, and other structural features associated with gene regulation, has given a renewed appreciation to the subtle mechanisms involving the process of neurulation. More specifically, the histone demethylases KDM4A and KDM6B have recently been shown to be key histone H3K4 and H3K27 modifiers that regulate neural crest specification and neural tube closure. Additionally, miRNAs have recently been shown to influence transcription of genes directly or by altering the levels of epigenetic modifiers and thus regulate gene expression. This mini review briefly summarizes the literature, highlighting the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of key genes involved in neural crest induction and neural crest specification by transcription factors and miRNAs. Understanding how these mechanisms work individually and in clusters will shed light on pathways in the context of diseases associated with neural crest cell derivatives such as melanoma, cardiovascular defects and neuronal craniofacial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Mayanil
- Developmental Biology Program, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill., USA
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159
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Ding XM. MicroRNAs: regulators of cancer metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2013; 33:140-7. [PMID: 24016392 PMCID: PMC3966144 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.013.10094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the main cause of death in patients with solid tumors. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, in which epithelial cells are converted into mesenchymal cells, is frequently activated during cancer invasion and metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that provide widespread expressional control by repressing mRNA translation and inducing mRNA degradation. The fundamental roles of miRNAs in tumor growth and metastasis have been increasingly well recognized. A growing number of miRNAs are reported to regulate tumor invasion/metastasis through EMT-related and/or non-EMT- related mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the functional role and molecular mechanism of miRNAs in regulating cancer metastasis and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ming Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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160
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Chu HW, Cheng CW, Chou WC, Hu LY, Wang HW, Hsiung CN, Hsu HM, Wu PE, Hou MF, Shen CY, Yu JC. A novel estrogen receptor-microRNA 190a-PAR-1-pathway regulates breast cancer progression, a finding initially suggested by genome-wide analysis of loci associated with lymph-node metastasis. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:355-67. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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161
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Yang S, Liu X, Li X, Sun S, Sun F, Fan B, Zhao S. MicroRNA-124 reduces caveolar density by targeting caveolin-1 in porcine kidney epithelial PK15 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 384:213-9. [PMID: 24000013 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 is the principal component of caveolae, and it is implicated in endocytosis, cholesterol homeostasis, signal transduction and tumorigenesis. MicroRNAs play key regulatory roles in many cellular processes. However, the molecular mechanism by which porcine caveolin-1 is regulated by microRNAs remains unclear. In the present study, we found that miR-124 could directly target caveolin-1 in porcine kidney epithelial cells (PK15). A luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-124 directly bound to Cav1 mRNA. Ectopic expression of miR-124 decreased porcine Cav1 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we used transmission electron microscopy to count caveolae in the cytosolic space next to the membrane and we found that the overexpression of miR-124 in PK15 cells reduced the density of the caveolae. Our results suggested that miR-124 reduced caveolar density by targeting caveolin-1 in PK15 cells; therefore, miR-124 could play an important role in the caveolae-mediated endocytosis of pathogens and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education & College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China,
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162
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microRNA-124 inhibits migration and invasion by down-regulating ROCK1 in glioma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69478. [PMID: 23936026 PMCID: PMC3720724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The extraordinary invasive capability is a major cause of treatment failure and tumor recurrence in glioma, however, the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing glioma invasion remain poorly understood. Evidence in other cell systems has implicated the regulatory role of microRNA in cell motility and invasion, which promotes us to investigate the biological functions of miR-124 in glioma in this regard. Results We have found that miR-124 is dramatically downregulated in clinical specimen of glioma and is negatively correlated with the tumor pathological grading in the current study. The cells transfected by miR-124 expression vector have demonstrated retarded cell mobility. Using a bioinformatics analysis approach, rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), a well-known cell mobility-related gene, has been identified as the target of miR-124. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm that miR-124 targeted directly the 3′UTR of ROCK1 gene and repressed the ROCK1 expression in U87MG human glioma cell line. Furthermore, experiments have shown that the decreased cell mobility was due to the actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and the reduced cell surface ruffle in U87MG glioma cells. These results are similar to the cellular responses of U87MG glioma cells to the treatment of Y-27632, an inhibitor of ROCK protein. Moreover, a constitutively active ROCK1 in miR-124 over-expressed glioma cells reversed the effects of miR-124. Our results revealed a novel mechanism that miR-124 inhibits glioma cells migration and invasion via ROCK1 downregulation. Conclusions These results suggest that miR-124 may function as anti-migration and anti-invasion influence in glioma and provides a potential approach for developing miR-124-based therapeutic strategies for malignant glioma therapy.
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163
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Zhao S, Yao DS, Chen JY, Ding N. Aberrant Expression of miR-20a and miR-203 in Cervical Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:2289-93. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.4.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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