151
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Tahmasbpour E, Balasubramanian D, Agarwal A. A multi-faceted approach to understanding male infertility: gene mutations, molecular defects and assisted reproductive techniques (ART). J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:1115-37. [PMID: 25117645 PMCID: PMC4156950 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assisted reproductive techniques aimed to assist infertile couples have their own offspring carry significant risks of passing on molecular defects to next generations. RESULTS Novel breakthroughs in gene and protein interactions have been achieved in the field of male infertility using genome-wide proteomics and transcriptomics technologies. CONCLUSION Male Infertility is a complex and multifactorial disorder. SIGNIFICANCE This review provides a comprehensive, up-to-date evaluation of the multifactorial factors involved in male infertility. These factors need to be first assessed and understood before we can successfully treat male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashok Agarwal
- />Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 44195 Cleveland, OH USA
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152
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Consales C, Leter G, Bonde JPE, Toft G, Eleuteri P, Moccia T, Budillon A, Jonsson BAG, Giwercman A, Pedersen HS, Ludwicki JK, Zviezdai V, Heederik D, Spano M. Indices of methylation in sperm DNA from fertile men differ between distinct geographical regions. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:2065-72. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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153
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Esteves SC. A clinical appraisal of the genetic basis in unexplained male infertility. J Hum Reprod Sci 2014; 6:176-82. [PMID: 24347931 PMCID: PMC3853873 DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.121419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Unexplained male infertility (UMI), the inability to reproduce despite having a normal sexual history, physical exam and semen analysis, can have a genetic origin. Currently, few diagnostic tools are available for detecting such genetic abnormalities. Karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are respectively used for chromosomal alterations in somatic cells and sperm aneuploidy assessment. Gene sequencing and mutational analysis have been introduced for identifying specific mutations and polymorphisms. Other approaches to the molecular evaluation of spermatozoa are under investigation, including array comparative genomic hybridization and whole-genome sequencing and non-coding ribonucleic acid arrays. Although treating cytogenetic abnormalities and genetic aberrations is still out of reach, the integration of these novel techniques may unravel hidden genetic defects in UMI. Finally, a deeper understanding of the sperm epigenome might allow the development of therapies based on epigenome modifications. This review focuses on the genetic basis of UMI and highlights the current and future methods for the evaluation of genetic defects as they relate to UMI. Review of the literature was carried out using ScienceDirect, OVID, PubMed and MedLine search engines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro C Esteves
- Male Infertility Sector ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Referral Center for Male Reproduction, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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154
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Hiura H, Okae H, Chiba H, Miyauchi N, Sato F, Sato A, Arima T. Imprinting methylation errors in ART. Reprod Med Biol 2014; 13:193-202. [PMID: 25298744 PMCID: PMC4182590 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-014-0183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an increase in incidence reports of rare imprinting disorders associated with assisted reproductive technology (ART). ART, including in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injections, is an important treatment for infertile people of reproductive age and increasingly produces children. The identification of epigenetic changes at imprinted loci in ART infants has led to the suggestion that ART techniques themselves may predispose embryos to acquire imprinting errors and diseases. In this review, we note that the particular steps of ART may be prone to induction of imprinting methylation errors during gametogenesis, fertilization and early embryonic development. In addition, we explain imprint-associated diseases and their causes. Moreover, from a Japanese nationwide epidemiological study of imprint-associated diseases, we determine their associations with ART. Epigenetic studies will be required to understand the pathogenesis, ART-related risk factor(s) and what precautions can be taken to prevent the occurrence of input methylation errors. We hope that the constitution of children born after each ART procedure will reveal the safest and most ethical approach to use, which will be invaluable for the future development of standard ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Hiura
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okae
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Hatsune Chiba
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Naoko Miyauchi
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Fumi Sato
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Akiko Sato
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
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155
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Guerrero-Bosagna C, Skinner MK. Environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of male infertility. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2014; 26:79-88. [PMID: 25104619 PMCID: PMC4252707 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Decreasing male fertility has been observed for the past fifty years. Examples of affected reproductive parameters include decreases in sperm count and sperm quality and increases in testicular cancer, cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Exposures to environmental toxicants during fetal development and early postnatal life have been shown to promote infertility. Environmental exposures inducing epigenetic changes related to male infertility range from life style, occupational exposures, environmental toxicants and nutrition. Exposures during fetal gonadal sex determination have been shown to alter the epigenetic programming of the germline that then can transmit this altered epigenetic information to subsequent generations in the absence of any exposures. This environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease will be a component of the etiology of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna
- Avian Behaviourial Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Michael K Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
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156
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Polymorphism in DNMT1 may modify the susceptibility to oligospermia. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 28:644-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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157
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Kläver R, Tüttelmann F, Bleiziffer A, Haaf T, Kliesch S, Gromoll J. DNA methylation in spermatozoa as a prospective marker in andrology. Andrology 2014; 1:731-40. [PMID: 23970452 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown associations of aberrant DNA methylation in spermatozoa with idiopathic infertility. The analysis of DNA methylation of specific genes could therefore serve as a valuable diagnostic marker in clinical andrology. For this purpose, rapid and reliable detection methods, reference values and the temporal stability of spermatozoal DNA methylation need to be established and demonstrated. In this prospective study, swim-up purified semen samples from 212 consecutive patients (single samples), 31 normozoospermic volunteers (single samples) and 10 normozoospermic volunteers (four samples at days 1, 3, 42 and 45 plus a fifth sample after 180-951 days) were collected. Spermatozoal DNA was isolated, bisulphite converted and DNA methylation was analysed by pyrosequencing. DNA methylation of the maternally imprinted gene MEST was measured in samples of 212 patients and 31 normozoospermic volunteers and the temporal stability of eight different genes and two repetitive elements was examined in consecutive samples of 10 normozoospermic volunteers. MEST DNA methylation was significantly associated with oligozoospermia, decreased bi-testicular volume and increased FSH levels. A reference range for spermatozoal MEST DNA methylation (0-15%) was established using the 95th percentile of DNA methylation in normozoospermic volunteers. Using this reference range, around 23% of our patient cohort displayed an aberrant MEST DNA methylation. This epigenetic aberration was found to be significantly associated with bi-testicular volume, sperm concentration and total sperm count. DNA methylation in normozoospermic volunteers was stable over a time period of up to 951 days in contrast to classical semen parameters. Our data show that MEST DNA methylation fulfils the prerequisites to be used as routine parameter and support its use during andrological workup if a prognostic value can be shown in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kläver
- Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Clinics of Münster, Germany
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158
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Guerrero-Bosagna C, Skinner MK. Environmental epigenetics and effects on male fertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 791:67-81. [PMID: 23955673 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7783-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposures to factors such as toxicants or nutrition can have impacts on testis biology and male fertility. The ability of these factors to influence epigenetic mechanisms in early life exposures or from ancestral exposures will be reviewed. A growing number of examples suggest environmental epigenetics will be a critical factor to consider in male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
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159
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Chen CP, Su YN, Chen SU, Chang TY, Wu PC, Chern SR, Wu PS, Kuo YL, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis of hypomethylation at KvDMR1 and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome in a pregnancy conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 53:90-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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160
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Jena SC, Kumar S, Rajput S, Roy B, Verma A, Kumaresan A, Mohanty TK, De S, Kumar R, Datta TK. Differential methylation status of IGF2-H19
locus does not affect the fertility of crossbred bulls but some of the CTCF binding sites could be potentially important. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:350-62. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subas C. Jena
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Sandeep Rajput
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Arpana Verma
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Tushar K. Mohanty
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Sachinandan De
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
| | - Tirtha K. Datta
- Animal Biotechnology Centre; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal Haryana India
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161
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Abstract
Imprinting is an epigenetic form of gene regulation that mediates a parent-of-origin-dependent expression of the alleles of a number of genes. Imprinting, which occurs at specific sites within or surrounding the gene, called differentially methylated domains, consists in a methylation of CpGs. The appropriate transmission of genomics imprints is essential for the control of embryonic development and fetal growth. A number of endocrine disruptors (EDs) affect male reproductive tract development and spermatogenesis. It was postulated that the genetic effects of EDs might be induced by alterations in gene imprinting. We tested two EDs: methoxychlor and vinclozolin. Their administration during gestation induced in the offspring a decrease in sperm counts and significant modifications in the methylation pattern of a selection of paternally and maternally expressed canonical imprinted genes. The observation that imprinting was largely untouched in somatic cells suggests that EDs exert their damaging effects via the process of reprogramming that is unique to gamete development. Interestingly, the effects were transgenerational, although disappearing gradually from F1 to F3. A systematic analysis showed a heterogeneity in the CpG sensitivity to EDs. We propose that the deleterious effects of EDs on the male reproductive system are mediated by imprinting defects in the sperm. The reported effects of EDs on human male spermatogenesis might be mediated by analogous imprinting alterations.
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162
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Abstract
Major difficulties exist in the accurate and meaningful diagnosis of male reproductive dysfunction, and our understanding of the epidemiology and etiology of male infertility has proven quite complex.The numerous spermatozoa produced in mammals and other species provides some degree of protection against adverse environmental conditions represented by physical and chemical factors that can reduce reproductive function and increase gonadal damage even resulting in testicular cancer or congenital malformations. The wide fluctuations of sperm production in men, both geographical and temporal, may reflect disparate environmental exposures, occurring on differing genetic backgrounds, in varying psychosocial conditions, and leading to the diversified observed outcomes.Sperm analysis is still the cornerstone in diagnosis of male factor infertility, indeed, individually compromised semen paramaters while adequately address therapeutic practices is progressively flanked by additional tests. Administration of drugs, IUI, correction of varicocele, and, to a certain extent, IVF although they may not be capable of restoring fertility itself often result in childbearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero D Palermo
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1305 York Avenue, Suite 720, New York, NY, 10021, USA,
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163
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Fernández AF, Toraño EG, Urdinguio RG, Lana AG, Fernández IA, Fraga MF. The Epigenetic Basis of Adaptation and Responses to Environmental Change: Perspective on Human Reproduction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 753:97-117. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0820-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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164
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Richardson ME, Bleiziffer A, Tüttelmann F, Gromoll J, Wilkinson MF. Epigenetic regulation of the RHOX homeobox gene cluster and its association with human male infertility. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:12-23. [PMID: 23943794 PMCID: PMC3857941 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The X-linked RHOX cluster encodes a set of homeobox genes that are selectively expressed in the reproductive tract. Members of the RHOX cluster regulate target genes important for spermatogenesis promote male fertility in mice. Studies show that demethylating agents strongly upregulate the expression of mouse Rhox genes, suggesting that they are regulated by DNA methylation. However, whether this extends to human RHOX genes, whether DNA methylation directly regulates RHOX gene transcription and how this relates to human male infertility are unknown. To address these issues, we first defined the promoter regions of human RHOX genes and performed gain- and loss-of-function experiments to determine whether human RHOX gene transcription is regulated by DNA methylation. Our results indicated that DNA methylation is necessary and sufficient to silence human RHOX gene expression. To determine whether RHOX cluster methylation associates with male infertility, we evaluated the methylation status of RHOX genes in sperm from a large cohort of infertility patients. Linear regression analysis revealed a strong association between RHOX gene cluster hypermethylation and three independent types of semen abnormalities. Hypermethylation was restricted specifically to the RHOX cluster; we did not observe it in genes immediately adjacent to it on the X chromosome. Our results strongly suggest that human RHOX homeobox genes are under an epigenetic control mechanism that is aberrantly regulated in infertility patients. We propose that hypermethylation of the RHOX gene cluster serves as a marker for idiopathic infertility and that it is a candidate to exert a causal role in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcy E. Richardson
- School of Medicine, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0695, La Jolla, CA 92093-0864, USA
| | - Andreas Bleiziffer
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Domagkstraße 11, D-48129 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Vesaliusweg 12-14, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Gromoll
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Domagkstraße 11, D-48129 Münster, Germany
| | - Miles F. Wilkinson
- School of Medicine, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0695, La Jolla, CA 92093-0864, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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165
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Dere E, Anderson LM, Hwang K, Boekelheide K. Biomarkers of chemotherapy-induced testicular damage. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:1192-202. [PMID: 24182554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of men are having or wanting children after chemotherapy treatment. This can be attributed to improvements in cancer therapies that increase survival. However, a side effect of most chemotherapy drugs is disruption of spermatogenesis and a drastic reduction in sperm count and quality. Although many men eventually recover reproductive function, as indicated by normal semen analyses, there is no clinical test that can assess sperm quality at a high level of sensitivity. Sperm fluorescent in situ hybridization (i.e., FISH) and several different tests for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation have been used infrequently in clinical assessment. Animal models of chemotherapy-induced testicular damage are currently being used to identify potential molecular biomarkers that may be translatable to humans-these include sperm messenger RNAs, microRNAs, histone modifications, and DNA methylation patterns. Changes in these molecular measurements are quantitative and sensitive, potentially making them important clinical biomarkers of testicular function after chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Dere
- Division of Urology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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166
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Naqvi H, Hussain SR, Ahmad MK, Mahdi F, Jaiswar SP, Shankhwar SN, Mahdi AA. Role of 677C→T polymorphism a single substitution in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in North Indian infertile men. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 41:573-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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167
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Miao M, Zhou X, Li Y, Zhang O, Zhou Z, Li T, Yuan W, Li R, Li DK. LINE-1 hypomethylation in spermatozoa is associated with Bisphenol A exposure. Andrology 2013; 2:138-44. [PMID: 24293158 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor with potentially harmful effects on humans. However, epigenetic mechanisms that modulate the effects of BPA remain unclear. Methylation of long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINE-1) is a marker of genome-wide methylation status. This study aims to examine whether BPA exposure was associated with LINE-1 methylation changes in men. Male factory workers in Hunan, China (N = 149) were studied, 77 with BPA exposure in workplace (BPA-exposed group) and 72 without BPA exposure in workplace (control group). Pre-shift and post-shift urine samples were collected from the BPA-exposed group and spot urine samples were collected from the control group. Urine samples were assessed for BPA. In addition, blood and semen samples were collected from both groups for LINE-1 methylation analysis. In multivariate analysis adjusted for age, education, smoking habits and alcohol consumption, sperm LINE-1 methylation level was significantly lower in BPA exposed workers (p < 0.001) compared to that in the unexposed workers. Linear regression analysis also showed that log-transformed urine BPA levels were inversely associated with sperm LINE-1 methylation (p < 0.0001), but not peripheral blood cell LINE-1 methylation. Moreover, the association between urine BPA level and semen quality was not attenuated after adjustments for LINE-1 level. In summary, the observed independent relationship between BPA exposure and LINE-1 methylation may have public health implications on reproductive health in men because of ubiquitous exposure to BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miao
- WHO Collaborating Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Contraceptive Drugs and Devices of NPFPC, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China
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168
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Montjean D, Ravel C, Benkhalifa M, Cohen-Bacrie P, Berthaut I, Bashamboo A, McElreavey K. Methylation changes in mature sperm deoxyribonucleic acid from oligozoospermic men: assessment of genetic variants and assisted reproductive technology outcome. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:1241-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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169
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Campion S, Aubrecht J, Boekelheide K, Brewster DW, Vaidya VS, Anderson L, Burt D, Dere E, Hwang K, Pacheco S, Saikumar J, Schomaker S, Sigman M, Goodsaid F. The current status of biomarkers for predicting toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:1391-408. [PMID: 23961847 PMCID: PMC3870154 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.827170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are significant rates of attrition in drug development. A number of compounds fail to progress past preclinical development due to limited tools that accurately monitor toxicity in preclinical studies and in the clinic. Research has focused on improving tools for the detection of organ-specific toxicity through the identification and characterization of biomarkers of toxicity. AREAS COVERED This article reviews what we know about emerging biomarkers in toxicology, with a focus on the 2012 Northeast Society of Toxicology meeting titled 'Translational Biomarkers in Toxicology.' The areas covered in this meeting are summarized and include biomarkers of testicular injury and dysfunction, emerging biomarkers of kidney injury and translation of emerging biomarkers from preclinical species to human populations. The authors also provide a discussion about the biomarker qualification process and possible improvements to this process. EXPERT OPINION There is currently a gap between the scientific work in the development and qualification of novel biomarkers for nonclinical drug safety assessment and how these biomarkers are actually used in drug safety assessment. A clear and efficient path to regulatory acceptance is needed so that breakthroughs in the biomarker toolkit for nonclinical drug safety assessment can be utilized to aid in the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Campion
- Principal Scientist, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274 1260, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Jiri Aubrecht
- Senior Director, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274-1424, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- Professor of Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - David W Brewster
- Vice-President, Global Head Drug Safety Evaluation, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 130 Waverly Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Assistant Professor of Medicine and Environmental Health, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Renal Division, Department of Environmental Health, Rm 510, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Linnea Anderson
- Graduate Student, Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Deborah Burt
- Scientist, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274- 1234, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Edward Dere
- Postdoctoral Associate, Rhode Island Hospital, Division of Urology, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Kathleen Hwang
- Assistant Professor, Rhode Island Hospital, Division of Urology, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Sara Pacheco
- Graduate Student, Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Janani Saikumar
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Rm 510, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shelli Schomaker
- Principal Scientist, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, MS 8274-1227, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Mark Sigman
- Chief of Urology, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital, Division of Urology, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Federico Goodsaid
- Vice President, Strategic Regulatory Intelligence, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1050 K Street NW, Suite 1125, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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170
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Schneider G, Bowser MJ, Shin DM, Barr FG, Ratajczak MZ. The paternally imprinted DLK1-GTL2 locus is differentially methylated in embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:295-300. [PMID: 24173021 PMCID: PMC3867365 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parental imprinting of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) contributes to appropriate expression of several developmentally important genes from paternally or maternally derived chromosomes. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children and is associated with altered expression of certain parentally imprinted genes. As previously reported, RMS cells display loss of imprinting (LOI) of the DMR at the IGF2-H19 locus, resulting in insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) transcription from both paternally and maternally inherited chromosomes, and overall IGF2 overexpression. As the DLK1-GTL2 locus is structurally similar to the IGF2-H19 locus, the status of parental imprinting of the DLK1-GTL2 locus was studied in RMS. We observed that while both embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (ERMS and ARMS, respectively) show LOI of the DMR at the IGF2-H19 locus, imprinting of the DMR at the DLK1-GTL2 locus varies in association with the histological subtype of RMS. We found that, while ERMS tumors consistently show LOI of the DMR at the DLK1-GTL2 locus, ARMS tumors have erasure of imprinting (EOI) at this locus. These changes in imprinting status of the DLK1-GTL2 locus result in a higher GTL2/DLK1 mRNA ratio in ARMS as compared to ERMS. This difference in imprinting elucidates a novel genetic difference between these two RMS subtypes and may provide a potential diagnostic tool to distinguish between these subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Schneider
- Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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171
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Chiba H, Hiura H, Okae H, Miyauchi N, Sato F, Sato A, Arima T. DNA methylation errors in imprinting disorders and assisted reproductive technology. Pediatr Int 2013; 55:542-9. [PMID: 23919517 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There have been increased incident reports of rare imprinting disorders associated with assisted reproductive technology (ART). ART is an important treatment for infertile people of reproductive age and is increasingly common. The identification of epigenetic changes at imprinted loci in ART infants has led to the suggestion that the techniques themselves may predispose embryos to acquisition of imprinting errors and disease. It is still unknown, however, at what point(s) these imprinting errors arise, or the risk factors. In this review it was hypothesized that the particular steps of the ART process may be prone to induction of imprinting methylation errors during gametogenesis, fertilization and early embryonic development. In addition, imprinting diseases and their causes are explained. Moreover, using a Japanese nationwide epidemiological study of imprinting diseases, their association with ART is determined. Epigenetic studies are required to understand the pathogenesis of this association; the ART-related risk factor(s); and the precautions that can be taken to prevent the occurrence of these syndromes. It is hoped that the constitution of children born after ART will indicate the safest and most ethical approach to use, which will be invaluable for the future development of standard ART treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatsune Chiba
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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172
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Abstract
Purpose Oxygen consumption rates of human embryos derived from in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) were compared with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) non-invasively in order to answer why embryos from IVM oocytes have lower developmental potential. We also analyzed the epigenetic disorders for IVM babies born in our clinic. Methods The oxygen consumption rate was calculated with the SECM system for different maturation stages of human oocytes, IVM and COH embryos. Blood from umbilical cords of IVM babies was collected to examine the imprinting genes. Results There were no significant differences in oxygen consumption of embryos at each cleavage stage between IVM and COH (range 0.26–0.56 × 1014/mol S−1). There also was no abnormality found in expression of imprinting genes in IVM babies. Conclusions There are no differences in terms of oxygen consumption between embryos derived from IVM and COH. There was no imprinting gene disorder founded from IVM babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yoshida
- Yoshida Ladies Clinic, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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173
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Ferfouri F, Boitrelle F, Ghout I, Albert M, Molina Gomes D, Wainer R, Bailly M, Selva J, Vialard F. A genome-wide DNA methylation study in azoospermia. Andrology 2013; 1:815-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Ferfouri
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
| | - F. Boitrelle
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
| | - I. Ghout
- Clinical Research Department; Ambroise Paré Hospital; Boulogne France
| | - M. Albert
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
| | - D. Molina Gomes
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
| | - R. Wainer
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
| | - M. Bailly
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
| | - J. Selva
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
| | - F. Vialard
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Cytogenetics, Gynecology and Obstetrics; Poissy Saint Germain Medical Center; Poissy France
- EA 2493; University of Versailles Saint-Quentin; Versailles France
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174
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Camprubí C, Pladevall M, Grossmann M, Garrido N, Pons MC, Blanco J. Lack of association of MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism and CTCFL mutations with sperm methylation errors in infertile patients. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:1125-31. [PMID: 23955684 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To find out whether the MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism is a risk factor for male infertility in the Spanish population. To determine if a pattern of sperm DNA hypomethylation at the paternally imprinted loci H19-ICR and/or IG-DMR is related to the MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism and/or CTCFL mutations. METHODS One hundred and seven samples from individuals who sought consultation for fertility problems and twenty-five semen samples from sperm donors were analyzed. The MTHFR rs1801133 SNP was analyzed in all samples by the PCR-RFLP method. We compared the distribution of the genotypes between control and infertile populations and among the groups of patients with altered seminal parameters. In those patients with the most severe hypomethylation pattern (n = 12) we also analyzed the CTCFL protein-coding exons by sequencing. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the distribution of the genotypes among the control and infertile populations. Moreover, none of the genotypes were associated, neither to the characteristics of the seminogram, nor to the presence of sperm DNA hypomethylation. We did not identify frameshift, nonsense or missense mutations of the CTCFL gene. CONCLUSIONS The MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism is not associated with male infertility in the Spanish population. Neither the MTHFR polymorphism, nor CTCFL mutations explain a pattern of sperm hypomethylation at paternally imprinting loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Camprubí
- Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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175
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Rotondo JC, Selvatici R, Di Domenico M, Marci R, Vesce F, Tognon M, Martini F. Methylation loss at H19 imprinted gene correlates with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene promoter hypermethylation in semen samples from infertile males. Epigenetics 2013; 8:990-7. [PMID: 23975186 PMCID: PMC3883776 DOI: 10.4161/epi.25798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant methylation at the H19 paternal imprinted gene has been identified in different cohorts of infertile males. The causes of H19 methylation errors are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the methylation status of the H19 gene in semen DNA samples from infertile males affected by MTHFR gene promoter hypermethylation. DNA from normal and abnormal semen samples harbouring MTHFR gene promoter hypermethylated, hmMTHFR-nor and hmMTHFR-abn, and without MTHFR methylation, MTHFR-nor and MTHFR-abn, were investigated for methylation status in the H19 locus using bisulfite-treated DNA PCR, followed by cloning and sequencing. The prevalence of H19 hypomethylated clones was 20% in hmMTHFR-nor and 0% in MTHFR-nor semen samples (p<0.05), and 28% in hmMTHFR-abn compared with 16% in MTHFR-abn semen samples (p>0.05). These results underscore the association between H19 methylation defects and hypermethylation of the MTHFR gene promoter in normal semen samples and suggest that aberrant methylation at H19 may occur in the normal sperm of infertile males affected by MTHFR gene dysfunction. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms causing abnormal methylation in imprinted genes and, in turn, male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Rotondo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine; University of Ferrara; Ferrara, Italy
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176
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Gupta N, Sarkar S, David A, Gangwar PK, Gupta R, Khanna G, Sankhwar SN, Khanna A, Rajender S. Significant impact of the MTHFR polymorphisms and haplotypes on male infertility risk. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69180. [PMID: 23874907 PMCID: PMC3715460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) converts 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate to 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate and affects the activity of cellular cycles participating in nucleotide synthesis, DNA repair, genome stability, maintenance of methyl pool, and gene regulation. Genetically compromised MTHFR activity has been suggested to affect male fertility. The objective of the present study was to find the impact on infertility risk of c.203G>A, c.1298A>C, and c.1793G>A polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene. Methods PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing were used to genotype the common SNPs in the MTHFR gene in 630 infertile and 250 fertile males. Chi-square test was applied for statistical comparison of genotype data. Linkage disequilibrium between the SNPs and the frequency of common haplotypes were assessed using Haploview software. Biochemical levels of total homocysteine (tHcy) and folic acid were measured. Meta-analysis on c.1298A>C polymorphism was performed using data from ten studies, comprising 2734 cases and 2737 controls. Results c.203G>A and c.1298A>C were found to be unrelated to infertility risk. c.1793G>A was protective against infertility (P = 0.0008). c.677C>T and c.1793G>A were in significant LD (D’ = 0.9). Folic acid and tHcy level did not correlate with male infertility. Pooled estimate on c.1298A>C data from all published studies including our data showed no association of this polymorphism with male infertility (Odds ratio = 1.035, P = 0.56), azoospermia (Odds ratio = 0.97, P = 0.74), or oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (Odds ratio = 0.92, p = 0.29). Eight haplotypes with more than 1% frequency were detected, of which CCGA was protective against infertility (p = 0.02), but the significance of the latter was not seen after applying Bonferroni correction. Conclusion Among MTHFR polymorphisms, c.203G>A and c.1298A>C do not affect infertility risk and c.1793G>A is protective against infertility. Haplotype analysis suggested that risk factors on the MTHFR locus do not extend too long on the DNA string.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Saumya Sarkar
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Archana David
- Ajanta Hospitals and IVF Centre Pvt. Ltd., Lucknow, India
| | | | - Richa Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Gita Khanna
- Ajanta Hospitals and IVF Centre Pvt. Ltd., Lucknow, India
| | | | - Anil Khanna
- Ajanta Hospitals and IVF Centre Pvt. Ltd., Lucknow, India
| | - Singh Rajender
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail:
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177
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Epigenetic and genetic alterations of the imprinting disorder Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome and related disorders. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:402-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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178
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Berthaut I, Montjean D, Dessolle L, Morcel K, Deluen F, Poirot C, Bashamboo A, McElreavey K, Ravel C. Effect of temozolomide on male gametes: an epigenetic risk to the offspring? J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:827-33. [PMID: 23652788 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-9999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Temozolomide is an oral alkylating agent with proven efficacy in recurrent high-grade glioma. The antitumour activity of this molecule is attributed to the inhibition of replication through DNA methylation. However, this methylation may also perturb other DNA-dependent processes, such as spermatogenesis. The ability to father a child may be affected by having this treatment. Here we report a pregnancy and a baby born after 6 cures of temozolomide. METHODS The quality of gametes of the father has been studied through these cures and after the cessation of treatment. Sperm parameters, chromosomal content and epigenetic profiles of H19, MEST and MGMT have been analysed. RESULTS Sperm counts decrease significantly and hypomethylation of the H19 locus increase with time even staying in the normal range. CONCLUSION This is the first report of an epigenetic modification in sperm after temozolomide treatment suggesting a potential risk for the offspring. A sperm cryopreservation before the initiation of temozolomide treatment should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Berthaut
- AP-HP; Hopital Tenon, CECOS, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France
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179
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Doshi T, D'souza C, Vanage G. Aberrant DNA methylation at Igf2-H19 imprinting control region in spermatozoa upon neonatal exposure to bisphenol A and its association with post implantation loss. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:4747-57. [PMID: 23653003 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic compound commonly used in manufacture of various consumer products. Earlier studies from our group have demonstrated that neonatal exposure of male rats to BPA causes decrease in sperm count and motility, increase in post implantation loss, ultimately leading to subfertility during adulthood. One of the factors contributing for post implantation loss is altered methylation pattern of imprinted genes. The present study was undertaken to investigate the molecular effects of neonatal exposure of male rats to BPA (2.4 μg/pup) (F0) on the methylation of H19 imprinting control region (ICR) in resorbed embryo (F1) and compared with spermatozoa of their respective sires (F0). We observed a significant down regulation in the transcript expression of Igf2 and H19 genes in BPA resorbed embryo (F1) as compared to control viable embryo. A significant hypomethylation was observed at the H19 ICR in the spermatozoa as well as in resorbed embryo sired by rats exposed neonatally to BPA. These results indicated that the aberrant methylation at ICR in spermatozoa was inherited by embryo which causes perturbation in the expression of Igf2 and H19, ultimately leading to post implantation loss. This could be one of the possible mechanisms of BPA induced adverse epigenetic effects on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Doshi
- National Center for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), J M Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India
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180
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Ankolkar M, Salvi V, Warke H, Vundinti BR, Balasinor N. Methylation status of imprinted genes DLK1-GTL2, MEST (PEG1), ZAC (PLAGL1), and LINE-1 elements in spermatozoa of normozoospermic men, unlike H19 imprinting control regions, is not associated with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous miscarriages. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:1668-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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181
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Hiura H, Toyoda M, Okae H, Sakurai M, Miyauchi N, Sato A, Kiyokawa N, Okita H, Miyagawa Y, Akutsu H, Nishino K, Umezawa A, Arima T. Stability of genomic imprinting in human induced pluripotent stem cells. BMC Genet 2013; 14:32. [PMID: 23631808 PMCID: PMC3751563 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-14-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND hiPSCs are generated through epigenetic reprogramming of somatic tissue. Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon through which monoallelic gene expression is regulated in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. Reprogramming relies on the successful erasure of marks of differentiation while maintaining those required for genomic imprinting. Loss of imprinting (LOI), which occurs in many types of malignant tumors, would hinder the clinical application of hiPSCs. RESULTS We examined the imprinting status, expression levels and DNA methylation status of eight imprinted genes in five independently generated hiPSCs. We found a low frequency of LOI in some lines. Where LOI was identified in an early passage cell line, we found that this was maintained through subsequent passages of the cells. Just as normal imprints are maintained in long-term culture, this work suggests that abnormal imprints are also stable in culture. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of genomic imprints in hiPSCs is a necessary safety step in regenerative medicine, with relevance both to the differentiation potential of these stem cells and also their potential tumorigenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Hiura
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Choufani S, Shuman C, Weksberg R. Molecular findings in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 163C:131-40. [PMID: 23592339 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) has recently been enhanced by advances in its molecular characterization. These advances have further delineated intricate (epi)genetic regulation of the imprinted gene cluster on chromosome 11p15.5 and the role of these genes in normal growth and development. Studies of the molecular changes associated with the BWS phenotype have been instrumental in elucidating critical molecular elements in this imprinted region. This review will provide updated information on the multiple new regulatory elements that have been recently found to contribute to in cis or in trans control of imprinted gene expression in the chromosome 11p15.5 region and the clinical expression of the BWS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Choufani
- Research Institute of the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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183
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DNA methylation analysis at imprinted locus and global methylation in spermatozoa of normozoospermic individuals of idiopathic Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriage. Epigenetics Chromatin 2013. [PMCID: PMC3600711 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8935-6-s1-p2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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184
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Boissonnas CC, Jouannet P, Jammes H. Epigenetic disorders and male subfertility. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:624-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.01.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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185
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The use of genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in identifying biomarkers of male infertility. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:998-1007. [PMID: 23415969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although male factors account for approximately 50% of all infertility, the mechanisms underlying their origin are unknown. Currently, clinicians rely primarily on semen analyses to predict male reproductive potential and chart treatment success. Even when invasive procedures are performed, the causes of male factor infertility frequently remain elusive. Recently, the advent of new technologies has spurred the search for novel male infertility biomarkers, and the detection of genes, proteins, or metabolites unique to the infertile male holds much promise. The concept that a cost-effective, noninvasive, and accurate set of biomarkers can be identified to diagnose male factor infertility is tantalizing. This review focuses on the various methodologies used in the discovery of novel biomarkers along with their findings. Specific attention is paid to recent advances in the fields of genetics, proteomics, and metabolomics.
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186
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Abstract
The last three decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) so that now, in developed countries, 1.7% to 4.0% of all children are born after ART. Although absolute risks appear small, data from prospective and retrospective studies indicate increased risks of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes after ART as compared with spontaneous conception. Recent studies suggest that underlying maternal factors and subfertility play an important role in some of these outcomes rather than the ART procedure itself. A significant risk of assisted conception is multiple pregnancies, but even singleton pregnancies achieved by ART are at a higher risk of hypertensive disease, diabetes, prematurity, low birth weight, and perinatal mortality even after adjusting for confounders. Couples undergoing ART procedures should be counseled in advance regarding increased risks of pregnancy complications and higher rates of obstetric interventions. Although conflicting data exist, studies of children born from ART suggest increased rates of congenital malformations, imprinting disorders (Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Angelman syndrome), and marginally increased risk of cancer. However, the current evidence is inadequate, and prospective long-term studies are needed to eliminate the effect of confounders and draw definite conclusions about the long-term outcomes after ART. The absolute risk of imprinting disorders remains small, and routine screening is not recommended at present. The long-term outcomes after ART are difficult to evaluate because of the variability in ART methods and data reporting, and there is a need for standardized methodology for follow-up after ART.
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187
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Restoring fertility in sterile childhood cancer survivors by autotransplanting spermatogonial stem cells: are we there yet? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:903142. [PMID: 23509797 PMCID: PMC3581117 DOI: 10.1155/2013/903142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Current cancer treatment regimens do not only target tumor cells, but can also have devastating effects on the spermatogonial stem cell pool, resulting in a lack of functional gametes and hence sterility. In adult men, fertility can be preserved prior to cancer treatment by cryopreservation of ejaculated or surgically retrieved spermatozoa, but this is not an option for prepubertal boys since spermatogenesis does not commence until puberty. Cryopreservation of a testicular biopsy taken before initiation of cancer treatment, followed by in vitro propagation of spermatogonial stem cells and subsequent autotransplantation of these stem cells after cancer treatment, has been suggested as a way to preserve and restore fertility in childhood cancer survivors. This strategy, known as spermatogonial stem cell transplantation, has been successful in mice and other model systems, but has not yet been applied in humans. Although recent progress has brought clinical application of spermatogonial stem cell autotransplantation in closer range, there are still a number of important issues to address. In this paper, we describe the state of the art of spermatogonial stem cell transplantation and outline the hurdles that need to be overcome before clinical implementation.
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188
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Kumar M, Kumar K, Jain S, Hassan T, Dada R. Novel insights into the genetic and epigenetic paternal contribution to the human embryo. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68 Suppl 1:5-14. [PMID: 23503950 PMCID: PMC3583177 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(sup01)02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the sperm genome and epigenome are critical for normal embryonic development. The advent of assisted reproductive technology has led to an increased understanding of the role of sperm in fertilization and embryogenesis. During fertilization, the sperm transmits not only nuclear DNA to the oocyte but also activation factor, centrosomes, and a host of messenger RNA and microRNAs. This complex complement of microRNAs and other non-coding RNAs is believed to modify important post-fertilization events. Thus, the health of the sperm genome and epigenome is critical for improving assisted conception rates and the birth of healthy offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
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189
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Ichikawa M, Arai Y, Haruta M, Furukawa S, Ariga T, Kajii T, Kaneko Y. Meiosis error and subsequent genetic and epigenetic alterations invoke the malignant transformation of germ cell tumor. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 52:274-86. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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190
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Niles KM, Yeh JR, Chan D, Landry M, Nagano MC, Trasler JM. Haploinsufficiency of the paternal-effect gene Dnmt3L results in transient DNA hypomethylation in progenitor cells of the male germline. Hum Reprod 2012; 28:519-30. [PMID: 23159436 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How does haploinsufficiency of the paternal-effect gene Dnmt3L affect DNA methylation establishment and stability in the male germline? SUMMARY ANSWER Reduced expression of DNMT3L in male germ cells, associated with haploinsufficiency of the paternal-effect gene Dnmt3L, results in abnormal hypomethylation of prenatal germline progenitor cells. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The DNA methyltransferase regulator Dnmt3-Like (Dnmt3L) is a paternal-effect gene required for DNA methylation acquisition in male germline stem cells and their precursors. In males, DNMT3L deficiency causes meiotic abnormalities and infertility. While Dnmt3L heterozygous males are fertile, they have abnormalities in X chromosome compaction and postmeiotic gene expression and sire offspring with sex chromosome aneuploidy. It has been proposed that the paternal effects of Dnmt3L haploinsufficiency are due to epigenetic defects in early male germ cells. DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic modification essential for normal germ cell development. Since patterns of DNA methylation across the genome are initially acquired in prenatal male germ cells, perturbations in methylation could contribute to the epigenetic basis of the paternal effects in Dnmt3L(+/-) males. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a cross-sectional study of DNA methylation in Dnmt3L(+/+) versus Dnmt3L(+/-) male germ cells collected from mice at 16.5 days post-coitum (dpc), Day 6 and Day 70 (n = 3 per genotype, each n represents a pool of 2-20 animals). Additionally, DNA methylation was compared in enriched populations of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC)/progenitor cells from Dnmt3L(+/+) and Dnmt3L(+/-) males following ≈ 2 months in culture. MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS DNA methylation at intergenic loci along chromosomes 9 and X was examined by quantitative analysis of DNA methylation by real-time polymerase chain reaction at the time of initial acquisition of epigenetic patterns in the prenatal male germline (16.5 dpc) and compared with patterns in early post-natal spermatogonia (Day 6) and in spermatozoa in mice. DNA methylation status at CpG-rich sites across the genome was assessed in spermatogonial precursors from Day 4 male mice using restriction landmark genomic scanning. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE At 16.5 dpc, 42% of intergenic loci examined along chromosome 9 and 10% of those along chromosome X were hypomethylated in Dnmt3L heterozygotes. By Day 6 and in spermatozoa, germ cell DNA methylation was similar in heterozygous and wild-type mice. DNA methylation stability of acquired patterns in wild-type and Dnmt3L(+/-) SSC/progenitor cell culture was analyzed at numerous loci across the genome in cells cultured in vitro and collected at passages 6-28. While the methylation of most loci was stable in culture over time, differences at ≈ 1% of sites were found between Dnmt3L(+/-) and Dnmt3L(+/+) cultures. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Evaluation of DNA methylation in SSCs can only be performed after a period of culture limiting the investigation to changes observed during culture when compared with DNA methylation differences between genotypes that could be present at the beginning of culture establishment. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The DNA methylation defects described here in prenatal male germline progenitor cells and SSC culture are the earliest epigenetic perturbations yet identified for a mammalian paternal-effect gene and may influence downstream epigenetic events in germ cells at later stages of development. Together, the results provide evidence of a 'window' of susceptibility in prenatal male germ cell precursors for the induction of epimutations due to genetic perturbations and, potentially, in utero environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Niles
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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191
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Ankolkar M, Patil A, Warke H, Salvi V, Kedia Mokashi N, Pathak S, Balasinor N. Methylation analysis of idiopathic recurrent spontaneous miscarriage cases reveals aberrant imprinting at H19 ICR in normozoospermic individuals. Fertil Steril 2012; 98:1186-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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192
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Heyn H, Ferreira HJ, Bassas L, Bonache S, Sayols S, Sandoval J, Esteller M, Larriba S. Epigenetic disruption of the PIWI pathway in human spermatogenic disorders. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47892. [PMID: 23112866 PMCID: PMC3480440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes are involved in a wide range of common human diseases. Although DNA methylation defects are known to be associated with male infertility in mice, their impact on human deficiency of sperm production has yet to be determined. We have assessed the global genomic DNA methylation profiles in human infertile male patients with spermatogenic disorders by using the Infinium Human Methylation27 BeadChip. Three populations were studied: conserved spermatogenesis, spermatogenic failure due to germ cell maturation defects, and Sertoli cell-only syndrome samples. A disease-associated DNA methylation profile, characterized by targeting members of the PIWI-associated RNA (piRNA) processing machinery, was obtained. Bisulfite genomic sequencing and pyrosequencing in a large cohort (n = 46) of samples validated the altered DNA methylation patterns observed in piRNA-processing genes. In particular, male infertility was associated with the promoter hypermethylation-associated silencing of PIWIL2 and TDRD1. The downstream effects mediated by the epigenetic inactivation of the PIWI pathway genes were a defective production of piRNAs and a hypomethylation of the LINE-1 repetitive sequence in the affected patients. Overall, our data suggest that DNA methylation, at least that affecting PIWIL2/TDRD1, has a role in the control of gene expression in spermatogenesis and its imbalance contributes to an unsuccessful germ cell development that might explain a group of male infertility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Heyn
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Humberto J. Ferreira
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lluís Bassas
- Laboratory of Seminology and Embryology, Andrology Service-Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sandra Bonache
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sergi Sayols
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Sara Larriba
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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193
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Anckaert E, De Rycke M, Smitz J. Culture of oocytes and risk of imprinting defects. Hum Reprod Update 2012; 19:52-66. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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194
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Novel insights into DNA methylation features in spermatozoa: stability and peculiarities. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44479. [PMID: 23071498 PMCID: PMC3467000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Data about the entire sperm DNA methylome are limited to two sperm donors whereas
studies dealing with a greater number of subjects focused only on a few genes or
were based on low resolution arrays. This implies that information about what we
can consider as a normal sperm DNA methylome and whether it is stable among
different normozoospermic individuals is still missing. The definition of the
DNA methylation profile of normozoospermic men, the entity of inter-individual
variability and the epigenetic characterization of quality-fractioned sperm
subpopulations in the same subject (intra-individual variability) are relevant
for a better understanding of pathological conditions. We addressed these
questions by using the high resolution Infinium 450K methylation array and
compared normal sperm DNA methylomes against somatic and cancer cells. Our
study, based on the largest number of subjects (n = 8) ever
considered for such a large number of CpGs (n = 487,517),
provided clear evidence for i) a highly conserved DNA methylation profile among
normozoospermic subjects; ii) a stable sperm DNA methylation pattern in
different quality-fractioned sperm populations of the same individual. The
latter finding is particularly relevant if we consider that different quality
fractioned sperm subpopulations show differences in their structural features,
metabolic and genomic profiles. We demonstrate, for the first time, that DNA
methylation in normozoospermic men remains highly uniform regardless the quality
of sperm subpopulations. In addition, our analysis provided both confirmatory
and novel data concerning the sperm DNA methylome, including its peculiar
features in respect to somatic and cancer cells. Our description about a highly
polarized sperm DNA methylation profile, the clearly distinct genomic and
functional organization of hypo- versus hypermethylated loci as well as the
association of histone-enriched hypomethylated loci with embryonic development,
which we now extended also to hypomethylated piRNAs-linked genes, provides solid
basis for future basic and clinical research.
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195
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Denomme MM, Mann MRW. Genomic imprints as a model for the analysis of epigenetic stability during assisted reproductive technologies. Reproduction 2012; 144:393-409. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Gamete and early embryo development are important stages when genome-scale epigenetic transitions are orchestrated. The apparent lack of remodeling of differential imprinted DNA methylation during preimplantation development has lead to the argument that epigenetic disruption by assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) is restricted to imprinted genes. We contend that aberrant imprinted methylation arising from assisted reproduction or infertility may be an indicator of more global epigenetic instability. Here, we review the current literature on the effects of ARTs, including ovarian stimulation,in vitrooocyte maturation, oocyte cryopreservation, IVF, ICSI, embryo culture, and infertility on genomic imprinting as a model for evaluating epigenetic stability. Undoubtedly, the relationship between impaired fertility, ARTs, and epigenetic stability is unquestionably complex. What is clear is that future studies need to be directed at determining the molecular and cellular mechanisms giving rise to epigenetic errors.
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196
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Saferali A, Moussette S, Chan D, Trasler J, Chen T, Rozen R, Naumova AK. DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) mutation affects Snrpn imprinting in the mouse male germ line. Genome 2012; 55:673-82. [PMID: 22967183 DOI: 10.1139/g2012-056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferases are essential for spermatogenesis. Mutations in the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1 gene exert a paternal effect on epigenetic states and phenotypes of offspring, suggesting that DNMT1 is important for the epigenetic remodeling of the genome that takes place during spermatogenesis. However, the specific role of DNMT1 in spermatogenesis and the establishment of genomic imprints in the male germ line remains elusive. To further characterize the effect of DNMT1 deficiency on the resetting of methylation imprints during spermatogenesis, we analyzed the methylation profiles of imprinted regions in the spermatozoa of mice that were heterozygous for a Dnmt1 loss-of-function mutation. The mutation did not affect the H19 or IG differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that are usually highly methylated but led to a partial hypermethylation of the Snrpn DMR, a region that should normally be unmethylated in mature spermatozoa. This defect does not appear in mouse models with mutations in Dnmt3a and Mthfr genes and, therefore, it is specific for the Dnmt1 gene and is suggestive of a role of DNMT1 in imprint resetting or maintenance in the male germ line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabida Saferali
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
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197
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Camprubí C, Pladevall M, Grossmann M, Garrido N, Pons MC, Blanco J. Semen samples showing an increased rate of spermatozoa with imprinting errors have a negligible effect in the outcome of assisted reproduction techniques. Epigenetics 2012; 7:1115-24. [PMID: 22885410 DOI: 10.4161/epi.21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The topic of imprinting defects present in the sperm of infertile patients has been addressed by several reports in the last few years. However, whether methylation abnormalities at one or few CpGs within an imprinted locus are pathological is a matter of debate. Moreover, whether imprinting anomalies in sperm could interfere with fertility treatment outcomes is still unknown. In this report we analyze the sperm DNA methylation profile of H19-ICR, KvDMR, SNRPN-ICR, IG-DMR and MEG3-DMR by pyrosequencing in 107 infertile men series and a control population of 30 proven fertile males. DNA methylation was statistically evaluated from two points of view: first, the methylation of each CpG was analyzed in the control population and the mean, standard deviation and range were determined and compared with infertile population data; second, in order to define altered methylation patterns for each region, a hierarchical cluster analysis was performed by which individuals were grouped in different clusters according to the degree of similarity of their methylation pattern. Two pieces of data supported the results obtained in the multi-variate analysis: the classification of the vast majority of control individuals in clusters with normal methylation patterns and the significant differences in methylation levels found between individuals within the normal and abnormal clusters. Individuals included in normal and abnormal methylation clusters were compared according to seminal parameters as well as to the outcome of assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Camprubí
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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198
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Abstract
There is evidence that expression and methylation of the imprinted paternally expressed gene 1/mesoderm-specific transcript homologue (PEG1/MEST) gene may be affected by assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and infertility. In this study, we sought to assess the imprinting status of the MEST gene in a large cohort of in vitro-derived human preimplantation embryos, in order to characterise potentially adverse effects of ART and infertility on this locus in early human development. Embryonic genomic DNA from morula or blastocyst stage embryos was screened for a transcribed AflIII polymorphism in MEST and imprinting analysis was then performed in cDNA libraries derived from these embryos. In 10 heterozygous embryos, MEST expression was monoallelic in seven embryos, predominantly monoallelic in two embryos, and biallelic in one embryo. Screening of cDNA derived from 61 additional human preimplantation embryos, for which DNA for genotyping was unavailable, identified eight embryos with expression originating from both alleles (biallelic or predominantly monoallelic). In some embryos, therefore, the onset of imprinted MEST expression occurs during late preimplantation development. Variability in MEST imprinting was observed in both in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection-derived embryos. Biallelic or predominantly monoallelic MEST expression was not associated with any one cause of infertility. Characterisation of the main MEST isoforms revealed that isoform 2 was detected in early development and was itself variably imprinted between embryos. To our knowledge, this report constitutes the largest expression study to date of genomic imprinting in human preimplantation embryos and reveals that for some imprinted genes, contrasting imprinting states exist between embryos.
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199
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Ishida M, Moore GE. The role of imprinted genes in humans. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 34:826-40. [PMID: 22771538 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting, a process of epigenetic modification which allows the gene to be expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner, has an essential role in normal growth and development. Imprinting is found predominantly in placental mammals, and has potentially evolved as a mechanism to balance parental resource allocation to the offspring. Therefore, genetic and epigenetic disruptions which alter the specific dosage of imprinted genes can lead to various developmental abnormalities often associated with fetal growth and neurological behaviour. Over the past 20 years since the first imprinted gene was discovered, many different mechanisms have been implicated in this special regulatory mode of gene expression. This review includes a brief summary of the current understanding of the key molecular events taking place during imprint establishment and maintenance in early embryos, and their relationship to epigenetic disruptions seen in imprinting disorders. Genetic and epigenetic causes of eight recognised imprinting disorders including Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), and also their association with Assisted reproductive technology (ART) will be discussed. Finally, the role of imprinted genes in fetal growth will be explored by investigating their relationship to a common growth disorder, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and also their potential role in regulating normal growth variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ishida
- Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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200
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Cortessis VK, Thomas DC, Levine AJ, Breton CV, Mack TM, Siegmund KD, Haile RW, Laird PW. Environmental epigenetics: prospects for studying epigenetic mediation of exposure-response relationships. Hum Genet 2012; 131:1565-89. [PMID: 22740325 PMCID: PMC3432200 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Changes in epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation are associated with a broad range of disease traits, including cancer, asthma, metabolic disorders, and various reproductive conditions. It seems plausible that changes in epigenetic state may be induced by environmental exposures such as malnutrition, tobacco smoke, air pollutants, metals, organic chemicals, other sources of oxidative stress, and the microbiome, particularly if the exposure occurs during key periods of development. Thus, epigenetic changes could represent an important pathway by which environmental factors influence disease risks, both within individuals and across generations. We discuss some of the challenges in studying epigenetic mediation of pathogenesis and describe some unique opportunities for exploring these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K. Cortessis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Duncan C. Thomas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., SSB-202F, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9234 USA
| | - A. Joan Levine
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90089-9234 USA
| | - Thomas M. Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Kimberly D. Siegmund
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90089-9234 USA
| | - Robert W. Haile
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Peter W. Laird
- Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenome Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9601 USA
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