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Martín-Peláez S, Covas MI, Fitó M, Kušar A, Pravst I. Health effects of olive oil polyphenols: recent advances and possibilities for the use of health claims. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:760-71. [PMID: 23450515 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet and consumption of olive oil have been connected in several studies with longevity and a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle, such as regular physical activity, a healthy diet, and the existing social cohesion in Southern European countries have been recognised as candidate protective factors that may explain the Mediterranean Paradox. Along with some other characteristics of the Mediterranean diet, the use of olive oil as the main source of fat is common in Southern European countries. The benefits of consuming olive oil have been known since antiquity and were traditionally attributed to its high content in oleic acid. However, it is now well established that these effects must also be attributed to the phenolic fraction of olive oil with its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. The mechanisms of these activities are varied and probably interconnected. For some activities of olive oil phenolic compounds, the evidence is already strong enough to enable the legal use of health claims on foods. This review discusses the health effects of olive oil phenols along with the possibilities of communicating these effects on food labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martín-Peláez
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Research in Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders (RICAD), Barcelona, Spain
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152
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Konstantinidou V, Covas MI, Sola R, Fitó M. Up-to date knowledge on the in vivo transcriptomic effect of the Mediterranean diet in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:772-83. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentini Konstantinidou
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, IISPV; Universitat Rovira i Virgili and CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders; (CIBERDEM); Reus; Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group; Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Barcelona; Spain
| | - Rosa Sola
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, IISPV; Universitat Rovira i Virgili and CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders; (CIBERDEM); Reus; Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group; Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Barcelona; Spain
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153
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Farràs M, Valls RM, Fernández-Castillejo S, Giralt M, Solà R, Subirana I, Motilva MJ, Konstantinidou V, Covas MI, Fitó M. Olive oil polyphenols enhance the expression of cholesterol efflux related genes in vivo in humans. A randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1334-9. [PMID: 23333095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Both oleic acid and polyphenols have been shown to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and to protect HDL from oxidation, a phenomenon associated with a low cholesterol efflux from cells. Our goal was to determine whether polyphenols from olive oil could exert an in vivo nutrigenomic effect on genes related to cholesterol efflux in humans. In a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial, 13 pre/hypertensive patients were assigned 30 ml of two similar olive oils with high (961 mg/kg) and moderate (289 mg/kg) polyphenol content. We found an increase in ATP binding cassette transporter-A1, scavenger receptor class B type 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)BP, PPARα, PPARγ, PPARδ and CD36 gene expression in white blood cells at postprandial after high polyphenol olive oil when compared with moderate polyphenol olive oil intervention (P<.017), with COX-1 reaching borderline significance (P=.024). Linear regression analyses showed that changes in gene expression were related to a decrease in oxidized low-density lipoproteins and with an increase in oxygen radical absorbance capacity and olive oil polyphenols (P<.05). Our results indicate a significant role of olive oil polyphenols in the up-regulation of genes involved in the cholesterol efflux from cells to HDL in vivo in humans. These results are in agreement with previous ones concerning the fact that benefits associated with polyphenol-rich olive oil consumption on cardiovascular risk could be mediated through an in vivo nutrigenomic effect in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Farràs
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, IMIM-Research Institut Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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154
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Abstract
The purpose of this review was to update available knowledge on the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and cognitive decline, risk of dementia or Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and to analyse the reasons for some inconsistent results across studies. The traditional MeDi has been recognised by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This dietary pattern is characterised by a high consumption of plant foods (i.e. vegetables, fruits, legumes and cereals), a high intake of olive oil as the main source of fat, a moderate intake of fish, low-to-moderate intake of dairy products and low consumption of meat and poultry, with wine consumed in low-to-moderate amounts during meals. Beyond the well-known association between higher adherence to the MeDi and lower risk of mortality, in particular from CVD and cancer, new data from large epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between MeDi adherence and cognitive decline or risk of dementia. However, some inconsistent results have been found as well, even in Mediterranean countries. In this review, we analyse the reasons likely to explain these discrepancies, and propose that most of these differences are due to variations in the methodology used to assess MeDi adherence. We also discuss the possibility of residual confounding by lifestyle, that is, greater adherents to the MeDi also have a healthier lifestyle in general, which can favourably affect cognition. In conclusion, large-scale studies in various populations with common methodology are required before considering the MeDi as an optimal dietary strategy to prevent cognitive decline or dementia.
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155
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Proteomics and gene expression analyses of squalene-supplemented mice identify microsomal thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 changes associated with hepatic steatosis. J Proteomics 2012; 77:27-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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156
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Vetrani C, Costabile G, Di Marino L, Rivellese AA. Nutrition and oxidative stress: a systematic review of human studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 64:312-26. [PMID: 23121370 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2012.738651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) - defined as the imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defences - is a condition associated with chronic-degenerative disease, such as cancer, metabolic and disease cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Several studies have shown that diet and some of its components could influence the intensity of OS damage. The aim of this review was to critically examine some pieces of evidence from observational and intervention study in human beings to assess whether diet and its components can really modify OS in vivo. Furthermore, we tried to find out the possible mechanism behind this association. We considered all studies in MEDLINE which fitted with the following criteria: (1) adult subjects who were healthy or affected by metabolic disease and CVDs; (2) no food supplements, pillows, powder but only common foods and beverages and (3) OS assessment with well-known and validated in vivo biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vetrani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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157
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Extra-virgin olive oil consumption improves the capacity of HDL to mediate cholesterol efflux and increases ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression in human macrophages. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:1844-55. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512003856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption on the capacity of HDL to promote cholesterol efflux (CE) and to determine which CE pathways are modulated by EVOO consumption. Whole HDL and HDL2/HDL3 subclasses were isolated from the plasma of twenty-six healthy volunteers before and after 12 weeks of EVOO consumption (25 ml/d). EVOO consumption increased the capacity of serum and HDL to mediate CE from THP-1, J774 macrophages and Fu5AH cells by 9·8–24·57 %, depending on the cell type. The increase in CE was independent of both HDL concentration and subclass distribution. The three HDL-mediated CE pathways (ATP-binding cassette (ABC) A1, ABCG1 and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)) were modulated by EVOO consumption. The fluidity of the phospholipidic layer of HDL increased by 13 % (P< 0·001) following EVOO consumption compared with baseline. EVOO consumption also increased the release of excess cholesterol from human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) by 44 % (P< 0·001), and ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA transcription by 16·08 % (P< 0·001) and 35·79 % (P< 0·01), respectively. The protein expression of these two cholesterol transporters also increased after EVOO consumption. In contrast, SR-BI mRNA and protein expression in HMDM were significantly lower after 12 weeks of EVOO consumption. Incubating J774 macrophages with EVOO polyphenol extracts induced a concentration-dependent up-regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression in macrophages. After 12 weeks of EVOO consumption, the capacity of HDL to mediate CE was improved and the ability of HMDM to release excess cholesterol was enhanced by increasing the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 transporters.
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158
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Woelk CH, Zhang JX, Walls L, Viriyakosol S, Singhania A, Kirkland TN, Fierer J. Factors regulated by interferon gamma and hypoxia-inducible factor 1A contribute to responses that protect mice from Coccidioides immitis infection. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:218. [PMID: 23006927 PMCID: PMC3528620 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coccidioidomycosis results from airborne infections caused by either Coccidioides immitis or
C. posadasii. Both are pathogenic fungi that live in desert soil in the New World and can infect normal hosts, but most infections are self-limited. Disseminated infections occur in approximately 5% of cases and may prove fatal. Mouse models of the disease have identified strains that are resistant (e.g. DBA/2) or susceptible (e.g. C57BL/6) to these pathogens. However, the genetic and immunological basis for this difference has not been fully characterized. Results Microarray technology was used to identify genes that were differentially expressed in lung tissue between resistant DBA/2 and sensitive C57BL/6 mice after infection with C. immitis. Differentially expressed genes were mapped onto biological pathways, gene ontologies, and protein interaction networks, which revealed that innate immune responses mediated by Type II interferon (i.e., IFNG) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) contribute to the resistant phenotype. In addition, upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1A (HIF1A), possibly as part of a larger inflammatory response mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA), may also contribute to resistance. Microarray gene expression was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR for a subset of
12 genes, which revealed that IFNG HIF1A and TNFA, among others, were significantly differentially expressed between the two strains at day 14 post-infection. Conclusion These results confirm the finding that DBA/2 mice express more Type II interferon and interferon stimulated genes than genetically susceptible strains and suggest that differential expression of HIF1A may also play a role in protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Woelk
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Mail Code 9111-F, San Diego, California 92161, USA
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159
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Dell’agli M, Di Lorenzo C, Badea M, Sangiovanni E, Dima L, Bosisio E, Restani P. Plant Food Supplements with Anti-Inflammatory Properties: A Systematic Review (I). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 53:403-13. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.682123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dell’agli
- a Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 , Milano , Italy
| | - Chiara Di Lorenzo
- a Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 , Milano , Italy
| | - Mihaela Badea
- b Faculty of Medicine , Transilvania University of Brasov, Str. Nicolae Balcescu 56 , Brasov , Romania
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- a Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 , Milano , Italy
| | - Lorena Dima
- b Faculty of Medicine , Transilvania University of Brasov, Str. Nicolae Balcescu 56 , Brasov , Romania
| | - Enrica Bosisio
- a Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 , Milano , Italy
| | - Patrizia Restani
- a Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 , Milano , Italy
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160
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Abstract
More than 25 years have passed since Ancel Keys and others observed that high intake of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially as supplied by plants (eg, olive oil) was associated with lower cardiovascular and overall mortality. About 15 years later, advances in genotyping technologies began to facilitate widespread study of relationships between dietary fats and genetic variants, illuminating the role of genetic variation in modulating human responses to fatty acids. More recently, microarray technologies evaluate the ways in which minor, bioactive compounds in plant oils (including olive, thyme, lemongrass, clove, eucalyptus, and others) alter gene expression to mediate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Results from a range of diverse technologies and approaches are coalescing to improve understanding of the role of the genome in shaping our responses to plant oils, and to clarify the genetic mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective benefits we derive from a wide range of plant oil constituents.
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161
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Urpi-Sarda M, Casas R, Chiva-Blanch G, Romero-Mamani ES, Valderas-Martínez P, Salas-Salvadó J, Covas MI, Toledo E, Andres-Lacueva C, Llorach R, García-Arellano A, Bulló M, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Estruch R. The Mediterranean diet pattern and its main components are associated with lower plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor receptor 60 in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease. J Nutr 2012; 142:1019-25. [PMID: 22535754 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.148726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 MD with those of a low-fat-diet (LFD) on circulating inflammatory biomarkers related to atherogenesis. A total of 516 participants included in the Prevention with Mediterranean Diet Study were randomized into 3 intervention groups [MD supplemented with virgin olive oil (MD-VOO); MD supplemented with mixed nuts (MD-Nuts); and LFD]. At baseline and after 1 y, participants completed FFQ and adherence to MD questionnaires, and plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers including intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), IL-6, and 2 TNF receptors (TNFR60 and TNFR80) were measured by ELISA. At 1 y, the MD groups had lower plasma concentrations of IL-6, TNFR60, and TNFR80 (P < 0.05), whereas ICAM-1, TNFR60, and TNFR80 concentrations increased in the LFD group (P < 0.002). Due to between-group differences, participants in the 2 MD groups had lower plasma concentrations of ICAM-1, IL-6, TNFR60, and TNFR80 compared to those in the LFD group (P ≤ 0.028). When participants were categorized in tertiles of 1-y changes in the consumption of selected foods, those in the highest tertile of virgin olive oil (VOO) and vegetable consumption had a lower plasma TNFR60 concentration compared with those in tertile 1 (P < 0.02). Moreover, the only changes in consumption that were associated with 1-y changes in the geometric mean TNFR60 concentrations were those of VOO and vegetables (P = 0.01). This study suggests that a MD reduces TNFR concentrations in patients at high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Urpi-Sarda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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162
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van Dijk SJ, Feskens EJM, Bos MB, de Groot LCPGM, de Vries JHM, Müller M, Afman LA. Consumption of a High Monounsaturated Fat Diet Reduces Oxidative Phosphorylation Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Abdominally Overweight Men and Women. J Nutr 2012; 142:1219-25. [DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.155283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan J. van Dijk
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J. M. Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke B. Bos
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Michael Müller
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Nutrigenomics Centre, TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia A. Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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163
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de Mello VDF, Kolehmanien M, Schwab U, Pulkkinen L, Uusitupa M. Gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a tool in dietary intervention studies: What do we know so far? Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1160-72. [PMID: 22610960 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) generally refer to monocytes and lymphocytes, representing cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. PBMCs are a promising target tissue in the field of nutrigenomics because they seem to reflect the effects of dietary modifications at the level of gene expression. In this review, we describe and discuss the scientific literature concerning the use of gene expression at the mRNA level measured from PBMCs in dietary interventions studies conducted in humans. A search of literature was undertaken using PubMed (last assessed November 24, 2011) and 20 articles were selected for discussion. Currently, results from these studies showed that PBMCs seem to reflect liver environment and complement adipose tissue findings in transcriptomics. PBMC gene expression after dietary intervention studies can be used for studying the response of certain genes related to fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, and to explore the response of dietary interventions in relation to inflammation. However, PBMC transcriptomics from dietary intervention studies have not resulted yet in clear confirmation of candidate genes related to disease risk. Use of microarray technology in larger well-designed dietary intervention studies is still needed for exploring PBMC potential in the field of nutrigenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Derenji Ferreira de Mello
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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164
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Mediterranean diet polyphenols reduce inflammatory angiogenesis through MMP-9 and COX-2 inhibition in human vascular endothelial cells: a potentially protective mechanism in atherosclerotic vascular disease and cancer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 527:81-9. [PMID: 22595400 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Diets with high content of antioxidant polyphenols are associated with low prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Inflammatory angiogenesis is a key pathogenic process both in cancer and atherosclerosis, and is tightly regulated by the proinflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the matrix degrading enzymes matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). We studied the effects of antioxidant polyphenols from virgin olive oil (oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol) and red wine (resveratrol and quercetin) on endothelial cell angiogenic response in vitro, and explored underlying mechanisms. Cultured endothelial cells were pre-incubated with 0.1-50 μmol/L polyphenols before stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). All tested polyphenols reduced endothelial cell tube formation on matrigel and migration in wound healing assays. The reduced angiogenesis was associated with the inhibition of PMA-induced COX-2 protein expression and prostanoid production, as well as MMP-9 protein release and gelatinolytic activity. These effects were accompanied by a significant reduction in the stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and in the activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Our findings reveal that olive oil and red wine polyphenols reduce inflammatory angiogenesis in cultured endothelial cells, through MMP-9 and COX-2 inhibition, supporting a potential protective role for dietary polyphenols in atherosclerotic vascular disease and cancer.
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165
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Ramírez-Torres A, Barceló-Batllori S, Fernández-Vizarra E, Navarro MA, Arnal C, Guillén N, Acín S, Osada J. Proteomics and gene expression analyses of mitochondria from squalene-treated apoE-deficient mice identify short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase changes associated with fatty liver amelioration. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2563-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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166
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Castañer O, Covas MI, Khymenets O, Nyyssonen K, Konstantinidou V, Zunft HF, de la Torre R, Muñoz-Aguayo D, Vila J, Fitó M. Protection of LDL from oxidation by olive oil polyphenols is associated with a downregulation of CD40-ligand expression and its downstream products in vivo in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:1238-44. [PMID: 22440854 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.029207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the European Food Safety Authority approved a claim concerning the benefits of olive oil polyphenols for the protection of LDL from oxidation. Polyphenols could exert health benefits not only by scavenging free radicals but also by modulating gene expression. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether olive oil polyphenols could modulate the human in vivo expressions of atherosclerosis-related genes in which LDL oxidation is involved. DESIGN In a randomized, crossover, controlled trial, 18 healthy European volunteers daily received 25 mL olive oil with a low polyphenol content (LPC: 2.7 mg/kg) or a high polyphenol content (HPC: 366 mg/kg) in intervention periods of 3 wk separated by 2-wk washout periods. RESULTS Systemic LDL oxidation and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and the expression of proatherogenic genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [ie, CD40 ligand (CD40L), IL-23α subunit p19 (IL23A), adrenergic β-2 receptor (ADRB2), oxidized LDL (lectin-like) receptor 1 (OLR1), and IL-8 receptor-α (IL8RA)] decreased after the HPC intervention compared with after the LPC intervention. Random-effects linear regression analyses showed 1) a significant decrease in CD40, ADRB2, and IL8RA gene expression with the decrease of LDL oxidation and 2) a significant decrease in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and OLR1 gene expression with increasing concentrations of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol in urine. CONCLUSIONS In addition to reducing LDL oxidation, the intake of polyphenol-rich olive oil reduces CD40L gene expression, its downstream products, and related genes involved in atherogenic and inflammatory processes in vivo in humans. These findings provide evidence that polyphenol-rich olive oil can act through molecular mechanisms to provide cardiovascular health benefits. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN09220811.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Research Groups of Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques-Research Institute Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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167
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Urpi-Sarda M, Casas R, Chiva-Blanch G, Romero-Mamani ES, Valderas-Martínez P, Arranz S, Andres-Lacueva C, Llorach R, Medina-Remón A, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Estruch R. Virgin olive oil and nuts as key foods of the Mediterranean diet effects on inflammatory biomakers related to atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Res 2012; 65:577-83. [PMID: 22449789 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous epidemiological and feeding studies have observed that adherence to Mediterranean diet (Med-Diet) is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Since atherosclerosis is nowadays considered a low-grade inflammatory disease, recent studies have explored the anti-inflammatory effects of a Med-Diet intervention on serum and cellular biomarkers related to atherosclerosis. In two sub-studies of the PREDIMED (PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea) trial, we analyzed the effects at 3 months of two Med-Diet interventions supplemented with either virgin olive oil (VOO) or nuts compared with a control low-fat diet (LFD). Both Med-Diets showed an anti-inflammatory effect reducing serum C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL6) and endothelial and monocytary adhesion molecules and chemokines (P<0.05; all), whereas these parameters increased after the LFD intervention (P<0.05; all). In another substudy, we evaluated the long-term (1 year) effects of these interventions on vascular risk factors in 516 high-risk subjects, as well as the effect of different Med-Diet components in the reduction of these biomarkers. At 1 year, the Med-Diet groups had significant decreases in the plasma concentrations of IL6, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 60 and TNFR80 (P<0.05), while intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), TNFR60 and TNFR80 concentrations increased in the LFD group (P<0.002). In addition, those allocated in the highest tertile of VOO and vegetables consumption had a significant diminution of plasma TNFR60 concentration compared with those in tertile 1 (P<0.02). In conclusion, Med-Diet exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on cardiovascular system since it down-regulates cellular and circulating inflammatory biomarkers related to atherogenesis in subjects at high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Urpi-Sarda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, C/Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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168
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Caramia G, Gori A, Valli E, Cerretani L. Virgin olive oil in preventive medicine: From legend to epigenetics. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Reyes L, Garcia R, Ruiz S, Dehghan M, López-Jaramillo P. Nutritional status among women with pre-eclampsia and healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women in a Latin American country. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012; 38:498-504. [PMID: 22353171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has been proposed that, among other risk factors, the nutritional status of women can lead to the endothelial dysfunction that characterizes this entity. The aim of the present study was to compare the nutritional status of women with PE with healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS A multicenter case-control study was carried out. Between September 2006 and July 2009, 201 women with PE were compared with 201 pregnant, and 201 non-pregnant aged-matched women without cardiovascular or endocrine diseases. A clinical history and physical examination was performed. Fasting blood samples were drawn to measure serum glucose and lipid profile. The nutritional status of participants was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS The average age of women was 26.6 ± 7.2 years. Compared to healthy pregnant controls, women with PE had a higher body mass index, higher fasting blood glucose levels, higher triglycerides, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Women with PE had a higher intake of carbohydrates, energy intake and cereal compared to healthy pregnant and non-pregnant controls. A conditional logistic regression demonstrated that carbohydrate and sodium intake are associated with PE development. CONCLUSIONS Diets of women with PE were characterized by higher energy and carbohydrate intake compared to normal pregnant and non-pregnant women. This suggests that higher carbohydrate and sodium intake increases the risk of PE among women in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Reyes
- Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, UDES, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
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170
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Sangiovanni E, Colombo E, Fumagalli M, Abbiati F, Caruso D, Dell'Agli M. Inhibition of NF- κ
B Activity by Minor Polar Components of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil at Gastric Level. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1569-71. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Elisa Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Federico Abbiati
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
- Research Centre for the Characterization and Safe Use of Natural Products; Giovanni Galli, Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Mario Dell'Agli
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
- Research Centre for the Characterization and Safe Use of Natural Products; Giovanni Galli, Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
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171
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German JB, Zivkovic AM, Dallas DC, Smilowitz JT. Nutrigenomics and personalized diets: What will they mean for food? Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2012; 2:97-123. [PMID: 22129377 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.food.102308.124147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The modern food system feeds six billion people with remarkable diversity, safety, and nutrition. Yet, the current rise in diet-related diseases is compromising health and devaluing many aspects of modern agriculture. Steps to increase the nutritional quality of individual foods will assist in personalizing health and in guiding individuals to achieve superior health. Nutrigenomics is the scientific field of the genetic basis for varying susceptibilities to disease and the diverse responses to foods. Although some of these genetic determinants will be simple and amenable to personal genotyping as the means to predict health, in practice most will not. As a result, genotyping will not be the secret to personalizing diet and health. Human assessment technologies from imaging to proteomics and metabolomics are providing tools to both understand and accurately assess the nutritional phenotype of individuals. The business models are also emerging to bring these assessment capabilities to industrial practice, in which consumers will know more about their personal health and seek personal solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bruce German
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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172
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Individualized Weight Management: What Can Be Learned from Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics? PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 108:347-82. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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173
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Romero-Segura C, García-Rodríguez R, Sánchez-Ortiz A, Sanz C, Pérez AG. The role of olive β-glucosidase in shaping the phenolic profile of virgin olive oil. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe Mediterranean diet has been related to a lower risk of some chronic diseases, including cancer. We aim to gain insight into the effects of the main source of fat of this diet on breast cancer, the most common type of malignancy in women.DesignData from sixteen experimental series analysing the effects of dietary lipids on mammary carcinogenesis in an animal model, in the context of the international literature on the Mediterranean diet, olive oil and breast cancer risk.SettingExperimental and human data on the effects of olive oil and Mediterranean diet on breast cancer.SubjectsAn animal model of induced breast cancer and other human and experimental studies in the literature.ResultsDiets rich in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) exert a negative modulatory effect on experimental breast cancer to a weak promoting effect, much lower than that obtained with a high-corn oil diet. EVOO confers to the mammary adenocarcinomas a clinical behaviour and morphological features compatible with low tumour aggressiveness. This differential effect, in relation to other dietary lipids, may be related to a lower effect on body weight and sexual maturation. In addition, EVOO induced different molecular changes in tumours, such as in the composition of cell membranes, activity of signalling proteins and gene expression. All these modifications could induce lower proliferation, higher apoptosis and lower DNA damage. These results, together with the favourable effect of olive oil reported in the literature when it is consumed in moderate quantities, suggest a beneficial influence of EVOO on breast cancer risk.ConclusionsConsumption of EVOO in moderate quantities and throughout the lifetime appears to be a healthy choice and may favourably influence breast cancer risk.
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176
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Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phenolic activities in extra virgin olive oil. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 23:129-35. [PMID: 22000808 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower incidence of chronic degenerative diseases and higher life expectancy. These health benefits have been partially attributed to the dietary consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) by Mediterranean populations, and more specifically the phenolic compounds naturally present in EVOO. Studies involving humans and animals (in vivo and in vitro) have demonstrated that olive oil phenolic compounds have potentially beneficial biological effects resulting from their antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This paper summarizes current knowledge on the biological activities of specific olive oil phenolic compounds together with information on their concentration in EVOO, bioavailability and stability over time.
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177
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Abstract
Using hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy as an in vivo oxidation model, we investigated the effect of a diet enriched in ascorbic acid (AA) on HBO-induced oxidative stress. Volunteers (n 46) were allocated to the AA-rich diet group or the control group. Blood samples were collected at the basal time, after the 1-week diet before and immediately after the HBO treatment, and 1 week after the HBO treatment. AA level, total antioxidant status (TAS), hydroperoxides (HP), lymphocyte DNA oxidation and DNA repair capacity were assessed. The expression of genes involved in oxidative stress was evaluated in lymphocytes and the protein activity of the modulated genes was determined in the plasma. The AA level and the antioxidant status of plasma were increased by AA-rich food consumption. HBO exposure did not affect the AA levels or TAS, but induced HP formation in the control group. The lymphocytes isolated from dietary-supplemented subjects were resistant to ex vivo DNA oxidation, showing an increased DNA repair capacity compared with controls. A difference in gene expression pattern was observed between the groups. AA-rich foods provide dual protection against oxidative stress, enhancing plasma antioxidant levels and stimulating genes involved in cell detoxification.
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178
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Jones JL, Park Y, Lee J, Lerman RH, Fernandez ML. A Mediterranean-style, low-glycemic-load diet reduces the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in mononuclear cells and plasma insulin in women with metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res 2011; 31:659-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Sánchez de Ibargüen L, Cárdeno A, Alarcón de la Lastra C. Influence of extra virgin olive oil diet enriched with hydroxytyrosol in a chronic DSS colitis model. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:497-506. [PMID: 21874330 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent epidemiological studies have shown that habitual consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), the characteristic culinary fat of the Mediterranean area, is effective in the prevention of diverse types of digestive disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Many of these benefits are, in addition to its high proportion of oleic acid, due to the high content of phenolic compounds. METHODS Six-week-old mice were randomized into three dietary groups: standard, EVOO and hydroxytyrosol-enriched EVOO. After 30 days, mice that were exposed to 3% DSS for 5 days developed acute colitis that progressed to severe chronic inflammation during a regime of 21 days of water. RESULTS Diets enriched with EVOO significantly attenuated the clinical and histological signs of damage, improving results from disease activity index and reducing about 50% the mortality caused by DSS. Moreover, hydroxytyrosol supplement showed better results. Cytokines study showed that TNF-α was maintained near to sham control and IL-10 levels were significantly improved in EVOO and EVOO plus hydroxytyrosol diet-DSS groups. In the same way, COX-2 and iNOS were downregulated, and the activation of p38 MAPK was reduced. We also observed a higher significant reduction in iNOS in hydroxytyrosol-enriched EVOO compared with EVOO alone. CONCLUSIONS EVOO diets exerted a noteworthy beneficial effect in chronic DSS-induced colitis by cytokine modulation and COX-2 and iNOS reduction via downregulation of p38 MAPK. In addition to the beneficial effect by EVOO, supplementation of the diet with hydroxytyrosol may improve chronic colitis through iNOS downregulation plus its antioxidant capacity.
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180
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Wyler S. All olive oils are not the same. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:288; author reply 289-90. [PMID: 21593493 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.016915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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181
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Abstract
Phenolic compounds are one of the main reasons behind the healthy properties of virgin olive oil (VOO). However, their daily intake from VOO is low compared with that obtained from other phenolic sources. Therefore, the intake of VOO enriched with its own phenolic compounds could be of interest to increase the daily dose of these beneficial compounds. To evaluate the effectiveness of enrichment on their bioavailability, the concentration of phenolic compounds and their metabolites in human plasma (0, 60, 120, 240 and 300 min) from thirteen healthy volunteers (seven men and six women, aged 25 and 69 years) was determined after the ingestion of a single dose (30 ml) of either enriched virgin olive oil (EVOO) (961·17 mg/kg oil) or control VOO (288·89 mg/kg oil) in a cross-over study. Compared with VOO, EVOO increased plasma concentration of the phenol metabolites, particularly hydroxytyrosol sulphate and vanillin sulphate (P < 0·05). After the consumption of VOO, the maximum concentration of these peaks was reached at 60 min, while EVOO shifted this maximum to 120 min. Despite these differences, the wide variability of results indicates that the absorption and metabolism of olive oil phenols are highly dependent on the individual.
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182
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Perona JS, Fitó M, Covas MI, Garcia M, Ruiz-Gutierrez V. Olive oil phenols modulate the triacylglycerol molecular species of human very low-density lipoprotein. A randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Metabolism 2011; 60:893-9. [PMID: 20934731 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Virgin olive oil phenolic compounds have been revealed to be potent antioxidants as part of the Mediterranean diet. To test the hypothesis that these phenolics can modulate the serum and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triacylglycerol concentrations in humans, a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial was designed. Thirty-three participants received 25 mL/d of refined olive oil (devoid of phenolic content [PC]), common olive oil (PC = 370 mmol/kg), and virgin olive oil (PC = 825 mmol/kg) in a Latin square design. The 3 olive oils were administered over 3 periods of 3 weeks, each one preceded by 2-week washout periods. All analyses were carried out on an intention-to-treat basis. The interventions did not modify the concentrations of serum and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol; but they exerted changes in the cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid content of VLDL. The virgin olive oil consumption led to increased oleic and palmitic acids, as well as decreased linoleic acid, in VLDL. The main outcome was the significant dose-dependent linear trend between the PC in the olive oils and the palmitic (16:0) and linoleic (18:2 n-6) acid and their corresponding triacylglycerol molecular species in VLDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier S Perona
- Group of Nutrition and Lipid Metabolism, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Av. Padre García Tejero, 4, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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183
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Kleemann R, Verschuren L, Morrison M, Zadelaar S, van Erk MJ, Wielinga PY, Kooistra T. Anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-atherosclerotic effects of quercetin in human in vitro and in vivo models. Atherosclerosis 2011; 218:44-52. [PMID: 21601209 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polyphenols such as quercetin may exert several beneficial effects, including those resulting from anti-inflammatory activities, but their impact on cardiovascular health is debated. We investigated the effect of quercetin on cardiovascular risk markers including human C-reactive protein (CRP) and on atherosclerosis using transgenic humanized models of cardiovascular disease. METHODS After evaluating its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in cultured human cells, quercetin (0.1%, w/w in diet) was given to human CRP transgenic mice, a humanized inflammation model, and ApoE*3Leiden transgenic mice, a humanized atherosclerosis model. Sodium salicylate was used as an anti-inflammatory reference. RESULTS In cultured human endothelial cells, quercetin protected against H(2)O(2)-induced lipid peroxidation and reduced the cytokine-induced cell-surface expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin. Quercetin also reduced the transcriptional activity of NFκB in human hepatocytes. In human CRP transgenic mice (quercetin plasma concentration: 12.9 ± 1.3 μM), quercetin quenched IL1β-induced CRP expression, as did sodium salicylate. In ApoE*3Leiden mice, quercetin (plasma concentration: 19.3 ± 8.3 μM) significantly attenuated atherosclerosis by 40% (sodium salicylate by 86%). Quercetin did not affect atherogenic plasma lipids or lipoproteins but it significantly lowered the circulating inflammatory risk factors SAA and fibrinogen. Combined histological and microarray analysis of aortas revealed that quercetin affected vascular cell proliferation thereby reducing atherosclerotic lesion growth. Quercetin also reduced the gene expression of specific factors implicated in local vascular inflammation including IL-1R, Ccl8, IKK, and STAT3. CONCLUSION Quercetin reduces the expression of human CRP and cardiovascular risk factors (SAA, fibrinogen) in mice in vivo. These systemic effects together with local anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects in the aorta may contribute to the attenuation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kleemann
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands.
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184
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García-Rodríguez R, Romero-Segura C, Sanz C, Sánchez-Ortiz A, Pérez AG. Role of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in shaping the phenolic profile of virgin olive oil. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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185
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Milagro FI, Campión J, Cordero P, Goyenechea E, Gómez-Uriz AM, Abete I, Zulet MA, Martínez JA. A dual epigenomic approach for the search of obesity biomarkers: DNA methylation in relation to diet-induced weight loss. FASEB J 2011; 25:1378-89. [PMID: 21209057 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-170365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics could help to explain individual differences in weight loss after an energy-restriction intervention. Here, we identify novel potential epigenetic biomarkers of weight loss, comparing DNA methylation patterns of high and low responders to a hypocaloric diet. Twenty-five overweight or obese men participated in an 8-wk caloric restriction intervention. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and treated with bisulfite. The basal and endpoint epigenetic differences between high and low responders were analyzed by methylation microarray, which was also useful in comparing epigenetic changes due to the nutrition intervention. Subsequently, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to validate several relevant CpGs and the surrounding regions. DNA methylation levels in several CpGs located in the ATP10A and CD44 genes showed statistical baseline differences depending on the weight-loss outcome. At the treatment endpoint, DNA methylation levels of several CpGs on the WT1 promoter were statistically more methylated in the high than in the low responders. Finally, different CpG sites from WT1 and ATP10A were significantly modified as a result of the intervention. In summary, hypocaloric-diet-induced weight loss in humans could alter DNA methylation status of specific genes. Moreover, baseline DNA methylation patterns may be used as epigenetic markers that could help to predict weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fermin I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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186
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Lee YC, Lai CQ, Ordovas JM, Parnell LD. A Database of Gene-Environment Interactions Pertaining to Blood Lipid Traits, Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 2. [PMID: 22328972 DOI: 10.4172/2153-0602.1000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As the role of the environment - diet, exercise, alcohol and tobacco use and sleep among others - is accorded a more prominent role in modifying the relationship between genetic variants and clinical measures of disease, consideration of gene-environment (GxE) interactions is a must. To facilitate incorporation of GxE interactions into single-gene and genome-wide association studies, we have compiled from the literature a database of GxE interactions relevant to nutrition, blood lipids, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Over 550 such interactions have been incorporated into a single database, along with over 1430 instances where a lack of statistical significance was found. This database will serve as an important resource to researchers in genetics and nutrition in order to gain an understanding of which points in the human genome are sensitive to variations in diet, physical activity and alcohol use, among other lifestyle choices. Furthermore, this GxE database has been designed with future integration into a larger database of nutritional phenotypes in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Lee
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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