Fozailoff A, Tarczy-Hornoch K, Cotter S, Wen G, Lin J, Borchert M, Azen S, Varma R. Prevalence of astigmatism in 6- to 72-month-old African American and Hispanic children: the Multi-ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study.
Ophthalmology 2011;
118:284-93. [PMID:
20888047 DOI:
10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.06.038]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE
To determine the age-, gender-, and ethnicity-specific prevalence of astigmatism in African American and Hispanic children aged 6 to 72 months.
DESIGN
Population-based, cross-sectional study.
PARTICIPANTS
The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study is a population-based evaluation of the prevalence of vision disorders in children ages 6 to 72 months in Los Angeles County, California. Seventy-seven percent of eligible children completed a comprehensive eye examination. This report provides the results from 2994 African American and 3030 Hispanic children.
METHODS
Eligible children in 44 census tracts were identified during an in-home interview and scheduled for a comprehensive eye examination and in-clinic interview. Cycloplegic autorefraction was used to determine refractive error.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The proportion of children with astigmatism defined as cylindrical refractive error ≥ 1.50 diopters (D) in the worse eye. The astigmatism type was defined as with-the-rule (WTR) (+ cylinder axis 90 ± 15 degrees) and against-the-rule (ATR) (+ cylinder axis 180 ± 15 degrees); all other orientations were considered oblique (OBL). The prevalence of astigmatism and its types were also determined for worse eye cylindrical refractive error ≥ 3.00 D.
RESULTS
Prevalence of astigmatism ≥ 1.50 D was higher in Hispanic children compared with African American children (16.8% vs. 12.7%, respectively; P<0.0001). Hispanic children also showed a higher prevalence of astigmatism ≥ 3.00 D than African American children (2.9% vs. 1.0% respectively; P<0.0001). The prevalence of astigmatism ≥ 1.50 D showed a significant decreasing trend with age (P<0.0001). The prevalence of WTR, ATR, and OBL astigmatism ≥ 1.50 D was 13.9%, 0.6%, and 2.2%, respectively, in Hispanic children, and 7.8%, 2.2%, and 2.7%, respectively, in African American children.
CONCLUSIONS
We observed ethnicity-related differences in astigmatism prevalence in preschool children. The age-related decrease in astigmatism prevalence in preschool children likely reflects emmetropization.
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