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Clark SM, Loeffler A, Schmidt VM, Chang YM, Wilson A, Timofte D, Bond R. Interaction of chlorhexidine with trisEDTA or miconazole in vitro against canine meticillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from two UK regions. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:340-e84. [PMID: 27406860 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical therapy is an important alternative to systemic antibacterial therapy for treatment of canine superficial pyoderma in light of the emergence of multidrug-resistant staphylococci. Chlorhexidine is widely used in shampoo products alone or in combination with miconazole or tromethamine-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (trisEDTA). Comparisons of these combinations have not been made. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of combinations of chlorhexidine/miconazole and chlorhexidine/trisEDTA in vitro in a collection of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) from northern (NUK) and southeastern (SEUK) United Kingdom (UK) sources. METHODS MICs of chlorhexidine, miconazole, trisEDTA and combinations of chlorhexidine/miconazole (1:1) or chlorhexidine/trisEDTA (80:16:1 and 80:5:1) were determined for 196 canine SP isolates from NUK [49 meticillin-resistant (MRSP), 50 meticillin-susceptible (MSSP)] and fom SEUK (48 MRSP, 49 MSSP) using agar dilution. RESULTS TrisEDTA alone did not inhibit growth. Chlorhexidine/miconazole MICs (median = 0.5 mg/L) were lower than those of either drug alone (P < 0.05) and lower than chlorhexidine/trisEDTA MICs (median = 1 mg/L; P < 0.0005) in each bacterial type and from both regions, except for miconazole in NUK MSSP. An additive interaction was noted between chlorhexidine and miconazole or trisEDTA (80:16:1 ratio) in 79 and 43 isolates, respectively, whereas antagonism between chlorhexidine and trisEDTA was noted for three isolates. NUK isolates were more susceptible than SEUK isolates (P < 0.05), except MRSP exposed to chlorhexidine and the chlorhexidine/trisEDTA (80:16:1) combination. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE These low MICs are likely to be exceeded by topical therapy. Evaluation of the mechanisms by which chlorhexidine combinations interact to reduce MICs is warranted, in view of increasing concerns of biocide tolerance in staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân-Marie Clark
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
| | - Anette Loeffler
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Vanessa M Schmidt
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Alison Wilson
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Dorina Timofte
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Ross Bond
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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152
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Mesman ML, Kirby AL, Rosenkrantz WS, Griffin CE. Residual antibacterial activity of canine hair treated with topical antimicrobial sprays againstStaphylococcus pseudintermedius in vitro. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:261-e61. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mollie L. Mesman
- Animal Dermatology Clinic; 4834 Lincoln Boulevard Marina del Rey CA 90293 USA
| | - Allison L. Kirby
- Animal Dermatology Clinic; 4834 Lincoln Boulevard Marina del Rey CA 90293 USA
| | | | - Craig E. Griffin
- Animal Dermatology Clinic; 5610 Kearny Mesa Road San Diego CA 92111 USA
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153
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Blondeau JM, Shebelski SD. Comparative
in vitro
killing of canine strains of
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
and
Escherichia coli
by cefovecin, cefazolin, doxycycline and pradofloxacin. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:267-e63. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Blondeau
- Division of Clinical Microbiology Royal University Hospital and Saskatoon Health Region 103 Hospital Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8 Canada
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology and Ophthalmology University of Saskatchewan 103 Hospital Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8 Canada
| | - Shantelle D. Shebelski
- Division of Clinical Microbiology Royal University Hospital and Saskatoon Health Region 103 Hospital Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8 Canada
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154
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Ortalda C, Noli C, Cena T. Efficacy of an ethanol/guar/triclosan/glycerine gel on bacteria and yeast loads in canine pododermatitis: a pilot study. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:205-9. [PMID: 26878826 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess efficacy of a gel compound containing guar, glycerine, triclosan and ethanol (Pawcare®, JOKER Technologies, Kerzers, Switzerland) in decreasing bacterial and yeast loads on the paws of dogs with erythematous, greasy and/or malodorous pododermatitis. METHODS In 20 dogs, each with at least two affected paws, semiquantitative Malassezia species counts were performed on 10 oil-immersion fields (range: 0 to 30) from acetate tapes pressed on the palmar/plantar surface of one paw. Half of the area was sampled before and the other half immediately after the application of Pawcare(®) . With a similar procedure, swab samples were collected from the other paw for bacterial culture, identification and evaluation of colony-forming units before and immediately after treatment. Statistical evaluation of pre- and posttreatment counts was performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Nine dogs were positive for Malassezia species Mean acetate tape preparation counts decreased significantly from 8·78 (±8·03) to 5·668 (±6·65) (P=0·0039) after treatment. Twenty-five bacterial isolates of 11 different species were cultured in 19 dogs. Posttreatment cultures were sterile in 8 dogs that had an initial zero or low number (1 to 2 log counts) of colony-forming units. In cases with a higher pre-treatment number of colony forming units (2 to 6 log counts), there was a significant decrease - by a mean of 1·16 log counts (pre 3·12 ±1·69, post 1·96 ±1·57) (P=0·0002). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings of the present study support the use of PawCare® gel to decrease bacterial and yeast loads in dogs affected by chronic diseases involving the inter-digital spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ortalda
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari, 10024 Moncalieri, Italy
| | - C Noli
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari, 12016 Peveragno, Italy
| | - T Cena
- Department of Translational Medicine, Unit of Medical Statistics and Cancer Epidemiology, University "Amedeo Avogadro' of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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155
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Guardabassi L, Prescott JF. Antimicrobial stewardship in small animal veterinary practice: from theory to practice. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2015; 45:361-76, vii. [PMID: 25721619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing recognition of the critical role for antimicrobial stewardship in preventing the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, examples of effective antimicrobial stewardship programs are rare in small animal veterinary practice. This article highlights the basic requirements for establishing stewardship programs at the clinic level. The authors provide suggestions and approaches to overcome constraints and to move from theoretic concepts toward implementation of effective antimicrobial stewardship programs in small animal clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - John F Prescott
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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156
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157
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Saridomichelakis MN, Olivry T. An update on the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis. Vet J 2015; 207:29-37. [PMID: 26586215 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis is a common skin disease seen in veterinary clinical practice. Several factors appear to contribute to the cutaneous inflammation and pruritus. The therapeutic strategy should focus on control of those factors that can be identified and for which interventional measures are feasible; these include ectoparasites, bacterial/fungal infection and dietary hypersensitivity. Ectoparasites, particularly fleas, are not the cause of atopic dermatitis, but they are a confounding factor, which can exacerbate pruritus, and preventative measures are therefore indicated. Bacterial and yeast infections are frequently associated with atopic dermatitis and initial systemic and/or topical therapy should be considered, followed by regular topical treatment for preventing relapse. Concurrent dietary hypersensitivity should be investigated by undertaking an elimination/provocation trial, followed by feeding of a hypoallergenic diet where appropriate. Depending on the severity of the clinical signs of atopic dermatitis and the willingness and expectations of owners, symptomatic treatment and/or specific interventional therapy for environmental allergy (allergen avoidance, allergen-specific immunotherapy) may be implemented. Symptomatic treatment includes use of glucocorticoids (systemically or topically), ciclosporin and oclacitinib. Other treatment modalities of lower or less proven efficacy include antihistamines, dextromethorphan, fatty acids, feline interferon-omega, misoprostol, pentoxifylline, specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressant drugs. The therapeutic approach should be reviewed at regular intervals and tailored to the individual's needs. A successful long-term outcome can usually be achieved by combining the various treatment approaches in a way that maximises their benefits and minimises their drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis N Saridomichelakis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Trikalon Str. 224, Karditsa GR-43100, Greece.
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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158
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Olivry T, DeBoer DJ, Favrot C, Jackson HA, Mueller RS, Nuttall T, Prélaud P. Treatment of canine atopic dermatitis: 2015 updated guidelines from the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA). BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:210. [PMID: 26276051 PMCID: PMC4537558 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2010, the International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis (now International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals, ICADA) published the first consensus guidelines for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs. This is the first 5-year minor update of this document. Results The treatment of acute flares of AD should involve the search for, and then elimination of, the cause of the flares, bathing with mild shampoos, and controlling pruritus and skin lesions with interventions that include topical and/or oral glucocorticoids or oclacitinib. For chronic canine AD, the first steps in management are the identification and avoidance of flare factors, as well as ensuring that there is adequate skin and coat hygiene and care; this might include more frequent bathing and possibly increasing essential fatty acid intake. The medications currently most effective in reducing chronic pruritus and skin lesions are topical and oral glucocorticoids, oral ciclosporin, oral oclacitinib, and, where available, injectable recombinant interferons. Allergen-specific immunotherapy and proactive intermittent topical glucocorticoid applications are the only interventions likely to prevent or delay the recurrence of flares of AD. Conclusions This first 5-year minor update of the international consensus guidelines for treatment of AD in dogs further establishes that the treatment of this disease is multifaceted, and that interventions should be combined for a proven (or likely) optimal benefit. Importantly, treatment plans are likely to vary between dogs and, for the same dog, between times when the disease is at different stages. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0514-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, 27606, NC, USA.
| | - Douglas J DeBoer
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, 53706, WI, USA
| | - Claude Favrot
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Dermatology Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hilary A Jackson
- Dermatology Referral Services LTD, 528 Paisley Road West, Glasgow, Scotland, G51 1RN, UK
| | - Ralf S Mueller
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Nuttall
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Pascal Prélaud
- Clinique Advetia, 5 rue Dubrunfaut, Paris, 75012, France
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159
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Borio S, Colombo S, La Rosa G, De Lucia M, Damborg P, Guardabassi L. Effectiveness of a combined (4% chlorhexidine digluconate shampoo and solution) protocol in MRS and non‐MRS canine superficial pyoderma: a randomized, blinded, antibiotic‐controlled study. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:339-44, e72. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Borio
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari 12 via Italia I‐10099 San Mauro Torinese Italy
| | - Silvia Colombo
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari 24 via Felice Musazzi I‐20025 Legnano Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Rosa
- Veterinary Science University of Torino 44 via Leonardo Da Vinci I‐10095 Grugliasco Italy
| | - Michela De Lucia
- Clinica Veterinaria Privata San Marco 114⁄C via Sorio I‐35141 Padova Italy
| | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Grønnegårdsvej 15 DK‐1870 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Grønnegårdsvej 15 DK‐1870 Frederiksberg C Denmark
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160
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Larsen R, Boysen L, Berg J, Guardabassi L, Damborg P. Lincosamide resistance is less frequent in Denmark in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from first-time canine superficial pyoderma compared with skin isolates from clinical samples with unknown clinical background. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:202-5, e43-4. [PMID: 25891140 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance may be overestimated in bacterial isolates from clinical samples because veterinarians often submit samples in cases of treatment failure or recurrent cases, which are more frequently associated with resistant strains. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To assess to what extent the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from first-time superficial pyoderma differs from canine skin isolates from clinical samples with unknown clinical background. ANIMALS Two study groups were enrolled in Denmark between March 2012 and October 2013: 57 dogs with first-time superficial pyoderma and no prior antimicrobial treatment (Group A); and 289 different dogs for which skin specimens were submitted for culture during the study (Group B). METHODS One S. pseudintermedius isolate from each dog was confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by broth microdilution. Resistance levels in the two groups were compared by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Clindamycin resistance was less frequent in Group A (14%) than in Group B (27%) (P = 0.02). Similar trends were observed for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (1.8 versus 4.8%), chloramphenicol (8.8 versus 14.5%), enrofloxacin (1.8 versus 3.5%), oxacillin (1.8 versus 4.8%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (3.5 versus 5.9%). Oxacillin resistance was significantly associated with resistance to six of seven non-β-lactams. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The prevalence of lincosamide resistance is markedly influenced by patients' clinical and antimicrobial treatment history. To limit selection of multidrug-resistant bacteria, lincosamides are appropriate empirical choices for treatment of first-time superficial pyoderma even though resistance is not infrequent. Culture and susceptibility testing are, however, recommended for all pyoderma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Larsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigboejlen 4, 1-20, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lene Boysen
- Veterinary Dermatology Clinic, Rudemarken 37, 2840, Holte, Denmark
| | - June Berg
- Veterinary Dermatology Clinic, Rudemarken 37, 2840, Holte, Denmark
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigboejlen 4, 1-20, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Peter Damborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigboejlen 4, 1-20, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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161
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Beever L, Bond R, Graham PA, Jackson B, Lloyd DH, Loeffler A. Increasing antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus intermedius
group bacteria and emergence of MRSP in the UK. Vet Rec 2015; 176:172. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.102651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Beever
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
| | - R. Bond
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
| | - P. A. Graham
- NationWide Laboratories; 23 Mains Lane Poulton-Le-Fylde Lancashire FY6 7LJ UK
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences; Sutton Bonington Campus Sutton Bonington Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK
| | - B. Jackson
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology; Economics and Public Health, Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
| | - D. H. Lloyd
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
| | - A. Loeffler
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services; Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield North Mymms Hertfordshire AL9 7TA UK
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162
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Turnidge J. Antimicrobial stewardship: what is it, and how does it work? ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/an15272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial stewardship is emerging as a vital management tool in the efforts to contain antimicrobial resistance and retain the efficacy of available agents. It is based on a set of concepts about antimicrobial use and resistance that have been developed over the past 70 years. There are seven basic requirements for a stewardship program to function at a local level, including (1) ‘executive’ ownership of the issue, (2) consensus prescribing guidelines, (3) a local formulary with various levels of restricted access, (4) a local champion (or champions) who is a trusted peer, (5) authority to intervene in prescribing and/or dispensing, (6) authority for measurement of use, audit and feedback, and (7) access to reliable laboratory services and their cumulative resistance data. Stewardship programs are most advanced in larger public hospitals, but there is considerable interest and need for developing programs tailored to a wide range of settings in human and animal health, each with their own particular characteristics of access to antimicrobials and potential controls. The potential value of stewardship in food animal production is now recognised globally, and Australia has taken the first steps towards surveillance and stewardship in this sector, supported by a recently released national One Health strategy on the containment of antimicrobial resistance.
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163
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Summers JF, Hendricks A, Brodbelt DC. Prescribing practices of primary-care veterinary practitioners in dogs diagnosed with bacterial pyoderma. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:240. [PMID: 25293803 PMCID: PMC4193143 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Concern has been raised regarding the potential contributions of veterinary antimicrobial use to increasing levels of resistance in bacteria critically important to human health. Canine pyoderma is a frequent, often recurrent diagnosis in pet dogs, usually attributable to secondary bacterial infection of the skin. Lesions can range in severity based on the location, total area and depth of tissue affected and antimicrobial therapy is recommended for resolution. This study aimed to describe patient signalment, disease characteristics and treatment prescribed in a large number of UK, primary-care canine pyoderma cases and to estimate pyoderma prevalence in the UK vet-visiting canine population. Results Of 54,600 dogs presented to 73 participating practices in 2010, 683 (1.3%) had a pyoderma diagnosis recorded in available electronic patient record (EPR) data. Antimicrobials were dispensed in 97% of cases and most dogs were prescribed systemic therapy (92%). Agents most frequently prescribed were amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefalexin, clindamycin and cefovecin. Systemic antimicrobials were prescribed for fewer than 14 days in around 40% of study cases reviewed in detail. Prescribed daily doses were below minimum recommended daily dose (MRDD) in 26% of 43 dogs with sufficient information for calculation of minimum dose. Conclusions Antimicrobial prescribing behaviour for treatment of canine pyoderma was variable but frequently appeared inconsistent with current recommendations. Use of clinical data from primary practice EPRs can provide valuable insight into common clinical conditions and associated prescribing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0240-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Summers
- Department of Population and Public Health (PPH), Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.
| | - Anke Hendricks
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals (QMHA), Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.
| | - David C Brodbelt
- Department of Population and Public Health (PPH), Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.
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164
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Loeffler
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
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