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Lewis AL, Robinson LS, Agarwal K, Lewis WG. Discovery and characterization of de novo sialic acid biosynthesis in the phylum Fusobacterium. Glycobiology 2016; 26:1107-1119. [PMID: 27613803 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are nine-carbon backbone carbohydrates found in prominent outermost positions of glycosylated molecules in mammals. Mimicry of sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid, Neu5Ac) enables some pathogenic bacteria to evade host defenses. Fusobacterium nucleatum is a ubiquitous oral bacterium also linked with invasive infections throughout the body. We employed multidisciplinary approaches to test predictions that F. nucleatum engages in de novo synthesis of sialic acids. Here we show that F. nucleatum sbsp. polymorphum ATCC10953 NeuB (putative Neu5Ac synthase) restores Neu5Ac synthesis to an Escherichia coli neuB mutant. Moreover, purified F. nucleatum NeuB participated in synthesis of Neu5Ac from N-acetylmannosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate in vitro Further studies support the interpretation that F. nucleatum ATCC10953 NeuA encodes a functional CMP-sialic acid synthetase and suggest that it may also contain a C-terminal sialic acid O-acetylesterase. We also performed BLAST queries of F. nucleatum genomes, revealing that only 4/31 strains encode a complete pathway for de novo Neu5Ac synthesis. Biochemical studies including mass spectrometry were consistent with the bioinformatic predictions, showing that F. nucleatum ATCC10953 synthesizes high levels of Neu5Ac, whereas ATCC23726 and ATCC25586 do not express detectable levels above background. While there are a number of examples of sialic acid mimicry in other phyla, these experiments provide the first biochemical and genetic evidence that a member of the phylum Fusobacterium can engage in de novo Neu5Ac synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Lewis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | | | | | - Warren G Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, 660 South Euclid Ave, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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152
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Characterization of Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 23726 adhesins involved in strain-specific attachment to Porphyromonas gingivalis. Int J Oral Sci 2016. [PMCID: PMC5113093 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adherence is an essential virulence factor in pathogenesis and infection. Fusobacterium nucleatum has a central role in oral biofilm architecture by acting as a bridge between early Gram-positive and late Gram-negative colonizers that do not otherwise adhere to each other. In this study, we survey a key adherence interaction of F. nucleatum with Porphyromonas gingivalis, and present evidence that multiple fusobacterial adhesins have a role in the attachment of F. nucleatum ATCC 23726 to P. gingivalis in a highly strain-dependent manner. Interaction between these species displayed varying sensitivities to arginine, galactose and lactose. Arginine was found to hamper coaggregation by at least 62% and up to 89% with several P. gingivalis strains and galactose inhibition ranged from no inhibition up to 58% with the same P. gingivalis strains. Lactose consistently inhibited F. nucleatum interaction with these P. gingivalis strains ranging from 40% to 56% decrease in coaggregation. Among the adhesins involved are the previously described Fap2 and surprisingly, RadD, which was described in an earlier study for its function in attachment of F. nucleatum to Gram-positive species. We also provide evidence for the presence of at least one additional adhesin that is sensitive to arginine but unlike Fap2 and RadD, is not a member of the autotransporter family type of fusobacterial large outer membrane proteins. The strain-specific binding profile of multiple fusobacterial adhesins to P. gingivalis highlights the heterogeneity and complexity of interspecies interactions in the oral cavity.
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153
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You YA, Son GH, Kwon EJ, Park MH, Lee KY, Kim YJ. New insight into the analysis of amniotic fluid microflora using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. JMM Case Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ah You
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Korea
| | - Ga-Hyun Son
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Korea
| | - Mi Hye Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Korea
| | - Keun-Young Lee
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 158-710, Korea
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154
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Jakubovics NS. Intermicrobial Interactions as a Driver for Community Composition and Stratification of Oral Biofilms. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3662-75. [PMID: 26519790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity is accessible to microorganisms, and biofilms are present throughout on hard and soft tissues. The shedding of epithelial cell layers is usually effective for controlling biofilm development on soft tissues. Innate immune mechanisms are not so effective against biofilms on tooth surfaces, and oral hygiene measures such as brushing and flossing are required for the periodic removal of dental plaque. Even with good oral hygiene, microbial communities accumulate on teeth in areas that are protected from mechanical abrasion forces. Changes in the composition of these biofilms are associated with oral diseases such as dental caries or periodontitis. Newly formed biofilms and more mature dental plaque each have a level of spatial organization in the horizontal and vertical planes. Communities are shaped by many varied interactions between different species and genera within the biofilm, which include physical cell-cell associations known as coaggregation, interspecies signaling, secretion and turnover of antimicrobial compounds and the sharing of an extracellular matrix. Central to these interactions is the selection for metabolic synergies and it is becoming clear that the ability of communities to extract the maximum energy from the available metabolites is a potent driver for biofilm structure and stratification. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of intermicrobial interactions in oral biofilms and the roles that they play in determining the spatial organization of biofilm communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Jakubovics
- Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, United Kingdom.
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155
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Sakanaka A, Takeuchi H, Kuboniwa M, Amano A. Dual lifestyle of Porphyromonas gingivalis in biofilm and gingival cells. Microb Pathog 2015; 94:42-7. [PMID: 26456558 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is deeply involved in the pathogenesis of marginal periodontitis, and recent findings have consolidated its role as an important and unique pathogen. This bacterium has a unique dual lifestyle in periodontal sites including subgingival dental plaque (biofilm) and gingival cells, as it has been clearly shown that P. gingivalis is able to exert virulence using completely different tactics in each environment. Inter-bacterial cross-feeding enhances the virulence of periodontal microflora, and such metabolic and adhesive interplay creates a supportive environment for P. gingivalis and other species. Human oral epithelial cells harbor a large intracellular bacterial load, resembling the polymicrobial nature of periodontal biofilm. P. gingivalis can enter gingival epithelial cells and pass through the epithelial barrier into deeper tissues. Subsequently, from its intracellular position, the pathogen exploits cellular recycling pathways to exit invaded cells, by which it is able to control its population in infected tissues, allowing for persistent infection in gingival tissues. Here, we outline the dual lifestyle of P. gingivalis in subgingival areas and its effects on the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Sakanaka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masae Kuboniwa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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156
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Gur C, Ibrahim Y, Isaacson B, Yamin R, Abed J, Gamliel M, Enk J, Bar-On Y, Stanietsky-Kaynan N, Coppenhagen-Glazer S, Shussman N, Almogy G, Cuapio A, Hofer E, Mevorach D, Tabib A, Ortenberg R, Markel G, Miklić K, Jonjic S, Brennan CA, Garrett WS, Bachrach G, Mandelboim O. Binding of the Fap2 protein of Fusobacterium nucleatum to human inhibitory receptor TIGIT protects tumors from immune cell attack. Immunity 2015; 42:344-355. [PMID: 25680274 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 822] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, are present in the tumor microenvironment. However, the immunological consequences of intra-tumoral bacteria remain unclear. Here, we have shown that natural killer (NK) cell killing of various tumors is inhibited in the presence of various F. nucleatum strains. Our data support that this F. nucleatum-mediated inhibition is mediated by human, but not by mouse TIGIT, an inhibitory receptor present on all human NK cells and on various T cells. Using a library of F. nucleatum mutants, we found that the Fap2 protein of F. nucleatum directly interacted with TIGIT, leading to the inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity. We have further demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expressed TIGIT and that T cell activities were also inhibited by F. nucleatum via Fap2. Our results identify a bacterium-dependent, tumor-immune evasion mechanism in which tumors exploit the Fap2 protein of F. nucleatum to inhibit immune cell activity via TIGIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamutal Gur
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC Jerusalem, 91120, Israel; The Rheumatology Research Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Yara Ibrahim
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Batya Isaacson
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Rachel Yamin
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Jawad Abed
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Moriya Gamliel
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Jonatan Enk
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Yotam Bar-On
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Noah Stanietsky-Kaynan
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Shunit Coppenhagen-Glazer
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Noam Shussman
- Department of General Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Gideon Almogy
- Department of General Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Angelica Cuapio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Erhard Hofer
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Dror Mevorach
- The Rheumatology Research Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Adi Tabib
- The Rheumatology Research Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Rona Ortenberg
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, 526260, Israel
| | - Karmela Miklić
- Department of Histology and Embryology Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Department of Histology and Embryology Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000, Croatia
| | | | - Wendy S Garrett
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gilad Bachrach
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center of General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, IMRIC Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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