151
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Torres M, Uroz S, Salto R, Fauchery L, Quesada E, Llamas I. HqiA, a novel quorum-quenching enzyme which expands the AHL lactonase family. Sci Rep 2017; 7:943. [PMID: 28424524 PMCID: PMC5430456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The screening of a metagenomic library of 250,000 clones generated from a hypersaline soil (Spain) allowed us to identify a single positive clone which confers the ability to degrade N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). The sequencing of the fosmid revealed a 42,318 bp environmental insert characterized by 46 ORFs. The subcloning of these ORFs demonstrated that a single gene (hqiA) allowed AHL degradation. Enzymatic analysis using purified HqiA and HPLC/MS revealed that this protein has lactonase activity on a broad range of AHLs. The introduction of hqiA in the plant pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum efficiently interfered with both the synthesis of AHLs and quorum-sensing regulated functions, such as swarming motility and the production of maceration enzymes. Bioinformatic analyses highlighted that HqiA showed no sequence homology with the known prototypic AHL lactonases or acylases, thus expanding the AHL-degrading enzymes with a new family related to the cysteine hydrolase (CHase) group. The complete sequence analysis of the fosmid showed that 31 ORFs out of the 46 identified were related to Deltaproteobacteria, whilst many intercalated ORFs presented high homology with other taxa. In this sense, hqiA appeared to be assigned to the Hyphomonas genus (Alphaproteobacteria), suggesting that horizontal gene transfer had occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Torres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Stéphane Uroz
- UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Centre INRA de Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | - Rafael Salto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laure Fauchery
- UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Centre INRA de Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | - Emilia Quesada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Llamas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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152
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Preston GM. Profiling the extended phenotype of plant pathogens: Challenges in Bacterial Molecular Plant Pathology. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2017; 18:443-456. [PMID: 28026146 PMCID: PMC6638297 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the most fundamental questions in plant pathology is what determines whether a pathogen grows within a plant? This question is frequently studied in terms of the role of elicitors and pathogenicity factors in the triggering or overcoming of host defences. However, this focus fails to address the basic question of how the environment in host tissues acts to support or restrict pathogen growth. Efforts to understand this aspect of host-pathogen interactions are commonly confounded by several issues, including the complexity of the plant environment, the artificial nature of many experimental infection systems and the fact that the physiological properties of a pathogen growing in association with a plant can be very different from the properties of the pathogen in culture. It is also important to recognize that the phenotype and evolution of pathogen and host are inextricably linked through their interactions, such that the environment experienced by a pathogen within a host, and its phenotype within the host, is a product of both its interaction with its host and its evolutionary history, including its co-evolution with host plants. As the phenotypic properties of a pathogen within a host cannot be defined in isolation from the host, it may be appropriate to think of pathogens as having an 'extended phenotype' that is the product of their genotype, host interactions and population structure within the host environment. This article reflects on the challenge of defining and studying this extended phenotype, in relation to the questions posed below, and considers how knowledge of the phenotype of pathogens in the host environment could be used to improve disease control. What determines whether a pathogen grows within a plant? What aspects of pathogen biology should be considered in describing the extended phenotype of a pathogen within a host? How can we study the extended phenotype in ways that provide insights into the phenotypic properties of pathogens during natural infections?
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail M. Preston
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3RBUK
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153
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Quorum quenching properties of Actinobacteria isolated from Malaysian tropical soils. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:897-906. [PMID: 28364274 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a total of 147 soil actinobacterial strains were screened for their ability to inhibit response of Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 to short chain N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) which is a quorum sensing molecule. Of these, three actinobacterial strains showed positive for violacein inhibition. We further tested these strains for the inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 quorum sensing-regulated phenotypes, namely, swarming and pyocyanin production. The three strains were found to inhibit at least one of the quorum sensing-regulated phenotypes of PAO1. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains belong to the genera Micromonospora, Rhodococcus and Streptomyces. This is the first report presenting quorum quenching activity by a species of the genus Micromonospora. Our data suggest that Actinobacteria may be a rich source of active compounds that can act against bacterial quorum sensing system.
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154
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Lloyd DG, Whitworth DE. The Myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus Can Sense and Respond to the Quorum Signals Secreted by Potential Prey Organisms. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:439. [PMID: 28352265 PMCID: PMC5348527 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus is a predatory member of the soil microfauna, able to consume bacteria (Gram-negative, Gram-positive), archaea, and fungi. Many potential prey of M. xanthus communicate amongst themselves using acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as quorum signals. M. xanthus cannot itself produce AHLs, but could potentially benefit by responding to exogenous AHLs produced during signaling between proximal prey. Four AHLs of different side chain length were tested and all found to delay sporulation of M. xanthus vegetative cells, and to stimulate germination of myxospores, increasing the proportion of predatory vegetative cells in the population. The predatory activity and expansion rates of M. xanthus colonies were also found to be stimulated by AHLs. Thermally inactivated AHLs had no effect on M. xanthus cells, and the response to AHLs depended (non-linearly) on the length of AHL side chain, suggesting that the effect of AHLs was mediated by specific signaling within M. xanthus, rather than being a consequence of the chemical or physical properties of AHLs. Therefore, it seems that the presence of xenic quorum signaling molecules enhances the predatory activity of M. xanthus. AHLs increase the proportion of the population capable of predation, and stimulate the motility and predatory activity of vegetative cells. We therefore propose that in the wild, M. xanthus uses AHLs as markers of nearby prey, potentially eavesdropping on the conversations between prey organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Lloyd
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University Ceredigion, UK
| | - David E Whitworth
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University Ceredigion, UK
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155
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Zapotoczna M, Murray EJ, Hogan S, O’Gara JP, Chhabra SR, Chan WC, O’Neill E, Williams P. 5-Hydroxyethyl-3-tetradecanoyltetramic acid represents a novel treatment for intravascular catheter infections due to Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:744-753. [PMID: 27999062 PMCID: PMC5400099 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Biofilm infections of intravascular catheters caused by Staphylococcus aureus may be treated with catheter lock solutions (CLSs). Here we investigated the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and CLS potential of 5-hydroxyethyl-3-tetradecanoyltetramic acid (5HE-C14-TMA) compared with the related compounds 3-tetradecanoyltetronic (C14-TOA) and 3-tetradecanoylthiotetronic (C14-TTA), which are variants of quorum sensing signalling molecules produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Methods Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of 5HE-C14-TMA, C14-TOA and C14-TTA were determined via MIC, bacterial killing, membrane potential and permeability assays. Susceptibility of S. aureus biofilms formed in the presence of plasma in vitro was investigated, MTT cytotoxicity testing was undertaken and cytokine release in human blood upon exposure to 5HE-C14-TMA and/or S. aureus biofilms was quantified. The effectiveness of 5HE-C14-TMA as CLS therapy in vivo was assessed using a rat intravascular catheter biofilm infection model. Results MICs of 5HE-C14-TMA, C14-TOA and C14-TTA ranged from 2 to 4 mg/L. 5HE-C14-TMA and C14-TTA were bactericidal; all three compounds perturbed the staphylococcal membrane by increasing membrane permeability, depolarized the transmembrane potential and caused ATP leakage. Cytotoxicity and haemolytic activity were compound and target cell type-dependent. 5HE-C14-TMA reduced S. aureus biofilm viability in a dose-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo and did not trigger release of cytokines in human blood, but inhibited the high levels of IL-8 and TNF-α induced by S. aureus biofilms. Conclusions 5HE-C14-TMA, C14-TOA and C14-TTA are membrane-active agents. 5HE-C14-TMA was the most potent, eradicating S. aureus biofilms at 512-1024 mg/L both in vitro and in vivo as a CLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zapotoczna
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ewan J. Murray
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Siobhan Hogan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James P. O’Gara
- Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Siri R. Chhabra
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Weng C. Chan
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Eoghan O’Neill
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Williams
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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156
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See-Too WS, Ee R, Lim YL, Convey P, Pearce DA, Yin WF, Chan KG. AidP, a novel N-Acyl homoserine lactonase gene from Antarctic Planococcus sp. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42968. [PMID: 28225085 PMCID: PMC5320481 DOI: 10.1038/srep42968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Planococcus is a Gram-positive halotolerant bacterial genus in the phylum Firmicutes, commonly found in various habitats in Antarctica. Quorum quenching (QQ) is the disruption of bacterial cell-to-cell communication (known as quorum sensing), which has previously been described in mesophilic bacteria. This study demonstrated the QQ activity of a psychrotolerant strain, Planococcus versutus strain L10.15T, isolated from a soil sample obtained near an elephant seal wallow in Antarctica. Whole genome analysis of this bacterial strain revealed the presence of an N-acyl homoserine lactonase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes the ester bond of the homoserine lactone of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHLs). Heterologous gene expression in E. coli confirmed its functions for hydrolysis of AHLs, and the gene was designated as aidP (autoinducer degrading gene from Planococcus sp.). The low temperature activity of this enzyme suggested that it is a novel and uncharacterized class of AHL lactonase. This study is the first report on QQ activity of bacteria isolated from the polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wah Seng See-Too
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- National Antarctic Research Centre (NARC), Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Robson Ee
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yan-Lue Lim
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peter Convey
- National Antarctic Research Centre (NARC), Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - David A. Pearce
- National Antarctic Research Centre (NARC), Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Wai-Fong Yin
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- UM Omics Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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157
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Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a form of chemical communication used by certain bacteria that regulates a wide range of biogeochemically important bacterial behaviors. Although QS was first observed in a marine bacterium nearly four decades ago, only in the past decade has there been a rise in interest in the role that QS plays in the ocean. It has become clear that QS, regulated by signals such as acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) or furanosyl-borate diesters [autoinducer-2 (AI-2) molecules], is involved in important processes within the marine carbon cycle, in the health of coral reef ecosystems, and in trophic interactions between a range of eukaryotes and their bacterial associates. The most well-studied QS systems in the ocean occur in surface-attached (biofilm) communities and rely on AHL signaling. AHL-QS is highly sensitive to the chemical and biological makeup of the environment and may respond to anthropogenic change, including ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Hmelo
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;
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158
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Yaniv K, Golberg K, Kramarsky-Winter E, Marks R, Pushkarev A, Béjà O, Kushmaro A. Functional marine metagenomic screening for anti-quorum sensing and anti-biofilm activity. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:1-13. [PMID: 27882771 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1253684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS), a cell-to-cell communication process, entails the production of signaling molecules that enable synchronized gene expression in microbial communities to regulate myriad microbial functions, including biofilm formation. QS disruption may constitute an innovative approach to the design of novel antifouling and anti-biofilm agents. To identify novel quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI), 2,500 environmental bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) from uncultured marine planktonic bacteria were screened for QSI activity using soft agar overlaid with wild type Chromobacterium violaceum as an indicator. Of the BAC library clones, 7% showed high QSI activity (>40%) against the indicator bacterium, suggesting that QSI is common in the marine environment. The most active compound, eluted from BAC clone 14-A5, disrupted QS signaling pathways and reduced biofilm formation in both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. The mass spectra of the active BAC clone (14-A5) that had been visualized by thin layer chromatography was dominated by a m/z peak of 362.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Yaniv
- a Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Karina Golberg
- a Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Esti Kramarsky-Winter
- a Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Robert Marks
- a Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
- b The Ilse Katz Center for Meso and Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Alina Pushkarev
- c Faculty of Biology , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Oded Béjà
- c Faculty of Biology , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa , Israel
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- a Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
- b The Ilse Katz Center for Meso and Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
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159
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Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS)-based signaling is a widespread pathway used by bacteria for the regulation of functions involved in their relation to the environment or their host. QS relies upon the production, accumulation and perception of small diffusable molecules by the bacterial population, hence linking high gene expression with high cell population densities. Among the different QS signal molecules, an important class of signal molecules is the N-acyl homoserine lactone (N-AHSL). In pathogens such as Erwinia or Pseudomonas, N-AHSL based QS is crucial to overcome the host defenses and ensure a successful infection. Interfering with QS-regulation allows the algae Delisea pulcra to avoid surface colonization by bacteria. Thus, interfering the QS-regulation of pathogenic bacteria is a promising antibiotic-free antibacterial therapeutic strategy. To date, two N-AHSL lactonases and one amidohydrolase families of N-ASHL degradation enzymes have been characterized and have proven to be efficient in vitro to control N-AHSL-based QS-regulated functions in pathogens. In this chapter, we provide methods to screen individual clones or bacterial strains as well as pool of clones for genomic and metagenomic libraries, that can be used to identify strains or clones carrying N-ASHL degradation enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Uroz
- Interactions Arbres Microorganismes, INRA Université de Lorraine, UMR1136, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Phil M Oger
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, UCBL, CNRS UMR5240, 69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France. .,Univ Lyon, ENS-Lyon, CNRS UMR5276, Lyon, 69634, France.
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160
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Fong J, Yuan M, Jakobsen TH, Mortensen KT, Delos Santos MMS, Chua SL, Yang L, Tan CH, Nielsen TE, Givskov M. Disulfide Bond-Containing Ajoene Analogues As Novel Quorum Sensing Inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Chem 2016; 60:215-227. [PMID: 27977197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery 22 years ago, the bacterial cell-to-cell communication system, termed quorum sensing (QS), has shown potential as antipathogenic target. Previous studies reported that ajoene from garlic inhibits QS in opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, screening of an in-house compound library revealed two sulfur-containing compounds which possess structural resemblance with ajoene and inhibit QS in bioreporter assay. Following a quantitative structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, 25 disulfide bond-containing analogues were synthesized and tested for QS inhibition activities. SAR study indicated that the allyl group could be replaced with other substituents, with the most active being benzothiazole derivative (IC50 = 0.56 μM). The compounds were able to reduce QS-regulated virulence factors (elastase, rhamnolipid, and pyocyanin) and successfully inhibit P. aeruginosa infection in murine model of implant-associated infection. Altogether, the QS inhibition activity of the synthesized compounds is encouraging for further exploration of novel analogues in antimicrobial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- July Fong
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Mingjun Yuan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Tim Holm Jakobsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , 2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Kim T Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - May Margarette Salido Delos Santos
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Song Lin Chua
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Choon Hong Tan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Thomas E Nielsen
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.,Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , 2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Michael Givskov
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.,Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen , 2200 København N, Denmark
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161
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Zhou S, Zhang A, Yin H, Chu W. Bacillus sp. QSI-1 Modulate Quorum Sensing Signals Reduce Aeromonas hydrophila Level and Alter Gut Microbial Community Structure in Fish. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:184. [PMID: 28018866 PMCID: PMC5149555 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell density dependent process that enables bacteria to communicate with each other based on the production, secretion and sensing of the auto-inducer molecules and then subsequently regulate virulence associated gene expression. Interrupting quorum sensing may represent a novel alternative approach to combat bacterial pathogen. Several bacteria can produce quorum quenching (QQ) enzymes. However, the role of QQ bacteria in shaping the microbiota and the level of N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs, a prevalent type of QS molecules) producing bacteria remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the presence of AHLs in the fish intestine and investigate the modulation of gut microbiota and its effect on Aeromonas hydrophila level by a QQ enzyme producing probiotic Bacillus sp. QSI-1. AHLs were found in fish gut content and were confirmed in Aeromonas species using Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens AT 136 (pZLR4) as reporter strains. We demonstrated that the composition of fish gut microbiota was affected by quenching bacteria QSI-1, and the percentage of A. hydrophila was decreased significantly. Taken together, these results provide valuable insights into QQ enzyme producing probiotics can modulate the microbiota structure and decrease the percentage of AHL-producing pathogenic bacteria in the gut. These data strongly suggest that QQ probiotics may serve as non-antibiotic feed additive in aquaculture to control bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Hongping Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Weihua Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
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162
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Garge SS, Nerurkar AS. Attenuation of Quorum Sensing Regulated Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum through an AHL Lactonase Produced by Lysinibacillus sp. Gs50. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167344. [PMID: 27911925 PMCID: PMC5135098 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a mechanism in which Gram negative bacterial pathogens sense their population density through acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) and regulate the expression of virulence factors. Enzymatic degradation of AHLs by lactonases, known as quorum quenching (QQ), is thus a potential strategy for attenuating QS regulated bacterial infections. We characterised the QQ activity of soil isolate Lysinibacillus sp. Gs50 and explored its potential for controlling bacterial soft rot of crop plants. Lysinibacillus sp. Gs50 inactivated AHL, which could be restored upon acidification, suggested that inactivation was due to the lactone ring hydrolysis of AHL. Heterologous expression of cloned gene for putative hydrolase (792 bp) designated adeH from Lysinibacillus sp. Gs50 produced a ~29 kDa protein which degraded AHLs of varying chain length. Mass spectrometry analysis of AdeH enzymatic reaction product revealed that AdeH hydrolyses the lactone ring of AHL and hence is an AHL lactonase. Multiple sequence alignment of the amino acid sequence of AdeH showed that it belongs to the metallo- β- lactamase superfamily, has a conserved “HXHXDH” motif typical of AHL lactonases. KM for AdeH for C6HSL was found to be 3.089 μM and the specific activity was 0.8 picomol min-1μg-1. AdeH has not so far been reported from any Lysinibacillus sp. and has less than 40% identity with known AHL lactonases. Finally we found that Lysinibacillus sp. Gs50 can degrade AHL produced by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), a common cause of soft rot. This QQ activity causes a decrease in production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes of Pcc and attenuates symptoms of soft rot in experimental infection of potato, carrot and cucumber. Our results demonstrate the potential of Lysinibacillus sp. Gs50 as a preventive and curative biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha S Garge
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Anuradha S Nerurkar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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163
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Bauer JS, Hauck N, Christof L, Mehnaz S, Gust B, Gross H. The Systematic Investigation of the Quorum Sensing System of the Biocontrol Strain Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca PB-St2 Unveils aurI to Be a Biosynthetic Origin for 3-Oxo-Homoserine Lactones. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167002. [PMID: 27861617 PMCID: PMC5115851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The shoot endophytic biocontrol strain Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca PB-St2 produces a wide range of exoproducts, including enzymes and antibiotics. The production of exoproducts is commonly tightly regulated. In order to get a deeper insight into the regulatory network of PB-St2, the strain was systematically investigated regarding its quorum sensing systems, both on the genetic and metabolic level. The genome analysis of PB-St2 revealed the presence of four putative acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) biosynthesis genes: phzI, csaI, aurI, and hdtS. LC-MS/MS analyses of the crude supernatant extracts demonstrated that PB-St2 produces eight AHLs. In addition, the concentration of all AHL derivatives was quantified time-resolved in parallel over a period of 42 h during the growth of P. aurantiaca PB-St2, resulting in production curves, which showed differences regarding the maximum levels of the AHLs (14.6 nM– 1.75 μM) and the production period. Cloning and heterologous overexpression of all identified AHL synthase genes in Escherichia coli proved the functionality of the resulting synthases PhzI, CsaI, and AurI. A clear AHL production pattern was assigned to each of these three AHL synthases, while the HdtS synthase did not lead to any AHL production. Furthermore, the heterologous expression study demonstrated unequivocally and for the first time that AurI directs the synthesis of two 3-oxo-AHLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S. Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nils Hauck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Christof
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Samina Mehnaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bertolt Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Harald Gross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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164
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Rolland JL, Stien D, Sanchez-Ferandin S, Lami R. Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching in the Phycosphere of Phytoplankton: a Case of Chemical Interactions in Ecology. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:1201-1211. [PMID: 27822708 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton regulate many important biogeochemical reactions in the marine environment, including those in the global carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles. At the microscopic level, it is now well established that important consortia of bacteria colonize the phycosphere, the immediate environment of phytoplankton cells. In this microscale environment, abundant bacterial cells are organized in a structured biofilm, and exchange information through the diffusion of small molecules called semiochemicals. Among these processes, quorum sensing plays a particular role as, when a sufficient abundance of cells is reached, it allows bacteria to coordinate their gene expression and physiology at the population level. In contrast, quorum quenching mechanisms are employed by many different types of microorganisms that limit the coordination of antagonistic bacteria. This review synthesizes quorum sensing and quorum quenching mechanisms evidenced to date in the phycosphere, emphasizing the implications that these signaling systems have for the regulation of bacterial communities and their activities. The diversity of chemical compounds involved in these processes is examined. We further review the bacterial functions regulated in the phycosphere by quorum sensing, which include biofilm formation, nutrient acquisition, and emission of algaecides. We also discuss quorum quenching compounds as antagonists of quorum sensing, their function in the phycosphere, and their potential biotechnological applications. Overall, the current state of the art demonstrates that quorum sensing and quorum quenching regulate a balance between a symbiotic and a parasitic way of life between bacteria and their phytoplankton host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Luc Rolland
- Interactions-Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Ifremer, CNRS, UPVD, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5244, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Stien
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sophie Sanchez-Ferandin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Raphaël Lami
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
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165
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Palmer AG, Mukherjee A, Stacy DM, Lazar S, Ané JM, Blackwell HE. Interkingdom Responses to Bacterial Quorum Sensing Signals Regulate Frequency and Rate of Nodulation in Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis. Chembiochem 2016; 17:2199-2205. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida Institute of Technology; 150 West University Melbourne FL 32904 USA
| | - Arijit Mukherjee
- Department of Biology; University of Central Arkansas; 201 Donaghey Conway AK 72035 USA
| | - Danielle M. Stacy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Stephen Lazar
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida Institute of Technology; 150 West University Melbourne FL 32904 USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Agronomy; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1575 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
- Department of Bacteriology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1550 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Helen E. Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
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166
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Patel NM, Moore JD, Blackwell HE, Amador-Noguez D. Identification of Unanticipated and Novel N-Acyl L-Homoserine Lactones (AHLs) Using a Sensitive Non-Targeted LC-MS/MS Method. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163469. [PMID: 27706219 PMCID: PMC5051804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acyl L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) constitute a predominant class of quorum-sensing signaling molecules used by Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we report a sensitive and non-targeted HPLC-MS/MS method based on parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) to identify and quantitate known, unanticipated, and novel AHLs in microbial samples. Using a hybrid quadrupole-high resolution mass analyzer, this method integrates MS scans and all-ion fragmentation MS/MS scans to allow simultaneous detection of AHL parent-ion masses and generation of full mass spectra at high resolution and high mass accuracy in a single chromatographic run. We applied this method to screen for AHL production in a variety of Gram-negative bacteria (i.e. B. cepacia, E. tarda, E. carotovora, E. herbicola, P. stewartii, P. aeruginosa, P. aureofaciens, and R. sphaeroides) and discovered that nearly all of them produce a larger set of AHLs than previously reported. Furthermore, we identified production of an uncommon AHL (i.e. 3-oxo-C7-HL) in E. carotovora and P. stewartii, whose production has only been previously observed within the genera Serratia and Yersinia. Finally, we used our method to quantitate AHL degradation in B. cepacia, E. carotovora, E. herbicola, P. stewartii, P. aeruginosa, P. aureofaciens, the non-AHL producer E. coli, and the Gram-positive bacterium B. subtilis. We found that AHL degradation ability varies widely across these microbes, of which B. subtilis and E. carotovora are the best degraders, and observed that there is a general trend for AHLs containing long acyl chains (≥10 carbons) to be degraded at faster rates than AHLs with short acyl chains (≤6 carbons).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishaben M. Patel
- Department of Bacteriology, 1550 Linden Dr., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Master of Science in Bacteriology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Joseph D. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Ave., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Helen E. Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Ave., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Daniel Amador-Noguez
- Department of Bacteriology, 1550 Linden Dr., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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167
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Gao X, Cheng HY, Del Valle I, Liu S, Masiello C, Silberg JJ. Charcoal Disrupts Soil Microbial Communication through a Combination of Signal Sorption and Hydrolysis. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:226-233. [PMID: 29938248 PMCID: PMC6010303 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The presence of charcoal in soil triggers a range of biological effects that are not yet predictable, in part because it interferes with the functioning of chemical signals that microbes release into their environment to communicate. We do not fully understand the mechanisms by which charcoal alters the biologically available concentrations of these intercellular signals. Recently, charcoal has been shown to sorb the signaling molecules that microbes release, rendering them ineffective for intercellular communication. Here, we investigate a second, potentially more important mechanism of interference: signaling-molecule hydrolysis driven by charcoal-induced soil pH changes. We examined the effects of 10 charcoals on the bioavailable concentration of an acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) used by many Gram-negative bacteria for cell-cell communication. We show that charcoals decrease the level of bioavailable AHL through sorption and pH-dependent hydrolysis of the lactone ring. We then built a quantitative model that predicts the half-lives of different microbial signaling compounds in the presence of charcoals varying in pH and surface area. Our model results suggest that the chemical effects of charcoal on pH-sensitive bacterial AHL signals will be fundamentally distinct from effects on pH-insensitive fungal signals, potentially leading to shifts in microbial community structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Gao
- Department of Earth Science, Department of Bioengineering, Systems, Synthetic,
and Physical
Biology Graduate Program, and Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hsiao-Ying Cheng
- Department of Earth Science, Department of Bioengineering, Systems, Synthetic,
and Physical
Biology Graduate Program, and Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ilenne Del Valle
- Department of Earth Science, Department of Bioengineering, Systems, Synthetic,
and Physical
Biology Graduate Program, and Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Shirley Liu
- Department of Earth Science, Department of Bioengineering, Systems, Synthetic,
and Physical
Biology Graduate Program, and Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Caroline
A. Masiello
- Department of Earth Science, Department of Bioengineering, Systems, Synthetic,
and Physical
Biology Graduate Program, and Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Silberg
- Department of Earth Science, Department of Bioengineering, Systems, Synthetic,
and Physical
Biology Graduate Program, and Department of Biosciences, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- E-mail: . Phone: 713-348-3849
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168
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Almeida FAD, Pinto UM, Vanetti MCD. Novel insights from molecular docking of SdiA from Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli with quorum sensing and quorum quenching molecules. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:178-190. [PMID: 27565088 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing is a cell-to-cell communication mechanism leading to differential gene expression in response to high population density. The autoinducer-1 (AI-1) type quorum sensing system is incomplete in Escherichia coli and Salmonella due to the lack of the AI-1 synthase (LuxI homolog) responsible for acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) synthesis. However, these bacteria encode the AHL receptor SdiA (a LuxR homolog) leading to gene regulation in response to AI-1 produced by other bacteria. This study aimed to model the SdiA protein of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis PT4 578 based on three crystallized SdiA structures from Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) with different ligands. Molecular docking of these predicted structures with AHLs, furanones and 1-octanoyl-rac-glycerol were also performed. The available EHEC SdiA structures provided good prototypes for modeling SdiA from Salmonella. The molecular docking of these proteins showed that residues Y63, W67, Y71, D80 and S134 are common binding sites for different quorum modulating signals, besides being conserved among other LuxR type proteins. We also show that AHLs with twelve carbons presented better binding affinity to SdiA than AHLs with smaller side chains in our docking analysis, regardless of the protein structures used. Interestingly, the conformational changes provided by AHL binding resulted in structural models with increased affinities to brominated furanones. These results suggest that the use of brominated furanones to inhibit phenotypes controlled by quorum sensing in Salmonella and EHEC may present a good strategy since these inhibitors seem to specifically compete with AHLs for binding to SdiA in both pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Alves de Almeida
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Uelinton Manoel Pinto
- Food Research Center, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Dantas Vanetti
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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169
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Huang J, Shi Y, Zeng G, Gu Y, Chen G, Shi L, Hu Y, Tang B, Zhou J. Acyl-homoserine lactone-based quorum sensing and quorum quenching hold promise to determine the performance of biological wastewater treatments: An overview. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 157:137-151. [PMID: 27213243 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication process between cells, in which bacteria secrete and sense the specific chemicals, and regulate gene expression in response to population density. Quorum quenching (QQ) blocks QS system, and inhibits gene expression mediating bacterial behaviors. Given the extensive research of acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) signals, existences and effects of AHL-based QS and QQ in biological wastewater treatments are being subject to high concern. This review summarizes AHL structure, synthesis mode, degradation mechanisms, analytical methods, environmental factors, AHL-based QS and QQ mechanisms. The existences and roles of AHL-based QS and QQ in biomembrane processes, activated sludge processes and membrane bioreactors are summarized and discussed, and corresponding exogenous regulation strategy by selective enhancement of AHL-based QS or QQ coexisting in biological wastewater treatments is suggested. Such strategies including the addition of AHL signals, AHL-producing bacteria as well as quorum quenching enzyme or bacteria can effectively improve wastewater treatment performance without killing or limiting bacterial survival and growth. This review will present the theoretical and practical cognition for bacterial AHL-based QS and QQ, suggest the feasibility of exogenous regulation strategies in biological wastewater treatments, and provide useful information to scientists and engineers who work in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
| | - Yahui Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Yanling Gu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Guiqiu Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Lixiu Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Yi Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Bi Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Jianxin Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
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170
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Fast, Continuous, and High-Throughput (Bio)Chemical Activity Assay for N-Acyl-l-Homoserine Lactone Quorum-Quenching Enzymes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4145-54. [PMID: 27208131 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00830-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Quorum sensing, the bacterial cell-cell communication by small molecules, controls important processes such as infection and biofilm formation. Therefore, it is a promising target with several therapeutic and technical applications besides its significant ecological relevance. Enzymes inactivating N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones, the most common class of communication molecules among Gram-negative proteobacteria, mainly belong to the groups of quorum-quenching lactonases or quorum-quenching acylases. However, identification, characterization, and optimization of these valuable biocatalysts are based on a very limited number of fundamentally different methods with their respective strengths and weaknesses. Here, a (bio)chemical activity assay is described, which perfectly complements the other methods in this field. It enables continuous and high-throughput activity measurements of purified and unpurified quorum-quenching enzymes within several minutes. For this, the reaction products released by quorum-quenching lactonases and quorum-quenching acylases are converted either by a secondary enzyme or by autohydrolysis to l-homoserine. In turn, l-homoserine is detected by the previously described calcein assay, which is sensitive to α-amino acids with free N and C termini. Besides its establishment, the method was applied to the characterization of three previously undescribed quorum-quenching lactonases and variants thereof and to the identification of quorum-quenching acylase-expressing Escherichia coli clones in an artificial library. Furthermore, this study indicates that porcine aminoacylase 1 is not active toward N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones as published previously but instead converts the autohydrolysis product N-acyl-l-homoserine. IMPORTANCE In this study, a novel method is presented for the identification, characterization, and optimization of quorum-quenching enzymes that are active toward N-acyl-l-homoserine lactones. These are the most common communication molecules among Gram-negative proteobacteria. The activity assay is a highly valuable complement to the available analytical tools in this field. It will facilitate studies on the environmental impact of quorum-quenching enzymes and contribute to the development of therapeutic and technical applications of this promising enzyme class.
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171
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Flynn PB, Busetti A, Wielogorska E, Chevallier OP, Elliott CT, Laverty G, Gorman SP, Graham WG, Gilmore BF. Non-thermal Plasma Exposure Rapidly Attenuates Bacterial AHL-Dependent Quorum Sensing and Virulence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26320. [PMID: 27242335 PMCID: PMC4886528 DOI: 10.1038/srep26320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma has been exhaustively characterised, however elucidation of the interactions between biomolecules produced and utilised by bacteria and short plasma exposures are required for optimisation and clinical translation of cold plasma technology. This study characterizes the effects of non-thermal plasma exposure on acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-dependent quorum sensing (QS). Plasma exposure of AHLs reduced the ability of such molecules to elicit a QS response in bacterial reporter strains in a dose-dependent manner. Short exposures (30-60 s) produce of a series of secondary compounds capable of eliciting a QS response, followed by the complete loss of AHL-dependent signalling following longer exposures. UPLC-MS analysis confirmed the time-dependent degradation of AHL molecules and their conversion into a series of by-products. FT-IR analysis of plasma-exposed AHLs highlighted the appearance of an OH group. In vivo assessment of the exposure of AHLs to plasma was examined using a standard in vivo model. Lettuce leaves injected with the rhlI/lasI mutant PAO-MW1 alongside plasma treated N-butyryl-homoserine lactone and n-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-homoserine lactone, exhibited marked attenuation of virulence. This study highlights the capacity of atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma to modify and degrade AHL autoinducers thereby attenuating QS-dependent virulence in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padrig B. Flynn
- Biofilm Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Maths and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Alessandro Busetti
- Biofilm Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ewa Wielogorska
- Advanced Asset Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK
| | - Olivier P. Chevallier
- Advanced Asset Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK
| | - Christopher T. Elliott
- Advanced Asset Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK
| | - Garry Laverty
- Biofilm Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Sean P. Gorman
- Biofilm Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - William G. Graham
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Maths and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Brendan F. Gilmore
- Biofilm Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
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172
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Torres M, Rubio-Portillo E, Antón J, Ramos-Esplá AA, Quesada E, Llamas I. Selection of the N-Acylhomoserine Lactone-Degrading Bacterium Alteromonas stellipolaris PQQ-42 and of Its Potential for Biocontrol in Aquaculture. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:646. [PMID: 27242684 PMCID: PMC4860449 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of virulence factors by many pathogenic microorganisms depends on the intercellular communication system called quorum sensing, which involves the production and release of signal molecules known as autoinducers. Based on this, new-therapeutic strategies have emerged for the treatment of a variety of infections, such as the enzymatic degradation of signaling molecules, known as quorum quenching (QQ). In this study, we present the screening of QQ activity amongst 450 strains isolated from a bivalve hatchery in Granada (Spain), and the selection of the strain PQQ-42, which degrades a wide range of N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs). The selected strain, identified as Alteromonas stellipolaris, degraded the accumulation of AHLs and reduced the production of protease and chitinase and swimming motility of a Vibrio species in co-cultivation experiments in vitro. In the bio-control experiment, strain PQQ-42 significantly reduced the pathogenicity of Vibrio mediterranei VibC-Oc-097 upon the coral Oculina patagonica showing a lower degree of tissue damage (29.25 ± 14.63%) in its presence, compared to when the coral was infected with V. mediterranei VibC-Oc-097 alone (77.53 ± 13.22%). Our results suggest that this AHL-degrading bacterium may have biotechnological applications in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Torres
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology, University of GranadaGranada, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), Institute of Biotechnology, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
| | - Esther Rubio-Portillo
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, University of Alicante Alicante, Spain
| | - Josefa Antón
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante Alicante, Spain
| | - Alfonso A Ramos-Esplá
- Department of Marine Science and Applied Biology, University of Alicante Alicante, Spain
| | - Emilia Quesada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology, University of GranadaGranada, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), Institute of Biotechnology, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Llamas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology, University of GranadaGranada, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), Institute of Biotechnology, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
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173
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Kasper SH, Bonocora RP, Wade JT, Musah RA, Cady NC. Chemical Inhibition of Kynureninase Reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing and Virulence Factor Expression. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1106-17. [PMID: 26785289 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes multiple quorum sensing (QS) pathways to coordinate an arsenal of virulence factors. We previously identified several cysteine-based compounds inspired by natural products from the plant Petiveria alliacea which are capable of antagonizing multiple QS circuits as well as reducing P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. To understand the global effects of such compounds on virulence factor production and elucidate their mechanism of action, RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis was performed on P. aeruginosa PAO1 exposed to S-phenyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide, the most potent inhibitor from the prior study. Exposure to this inhibitor down-regulated expression of several QS-regulated virulence operons (e.g., phenazine biosynthesis, type VI secretion systems). Interestingly, many genes that were differentially regulated pertain to the related metabolic pathways that yield precursors of pyochelin, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, phenazines, and Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS). Activation of the MexT-regulon was also indicated, including the multidrug efflux pump encoded by mexEF-oprN, which has previously been shown to inhibit QS and pathogenicity. Deeper investigation of the metabolites involved in these systems revealed that S-phenyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide has structural similarity to kynurenine, a precursor of anthranilate, which is critical for P. aeruginosa virulence. By supplementing exogenous anthranilate, the QS-inhibitory effect was reversed. Finally, it was shown that S-phenyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide competitively inhibits P. aeruginosa kynureninase (KynU) activity in vitro and reduces PQS production in vivo. The kynurenine pathway has been implicated in P. aeruginosa QS and virulence factor expression; however, this is the first study to show that targeted inhibition of KynU affects P. aeruginosa gene expression and QS, suggesting a potential antivirulence strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H. Kasper
- Colleges
of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York, United States
| | - Richard P. Bonocora
- Wadsworth
Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States
| | - Joseph T. Wade
- Wadsworth
Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York, United States
| | - Rabi Ann Musah
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York, United States
| | - Nathaniel C. Cady
- Colleges
of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York, United States
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174
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Banerjee G, Ray AK. The talking language in some major Gram-negative bacteria. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:489-99. [PMID: 27062655 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell interaction or quorum sensing (QS) is a vital biochemical/physiological process in bacteria that is required for various physiological functions, including nutrient uptake, competence development, biofilm formation, sporulation, as well as for toxin secretion. In natural environment, bacteria live in close association with other bacteria and interaction among them is crucial for survival. The QS-regulated gene expression in bacteria is a cell density-dependent process and the initiation process depends on the threshold level of the signaling molecule, N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL). The present review summarizes the QS signal and its respective circuit in Gram-negative bacteria. Most of the human pathogens belong to Gram-negative group, and only a few of them cause disease through QS system. Thus, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria is important. Use of antibiotics creates a selective pressure (antibiotics act as natural selection factor to promote one group of bacteria over another group) for emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria and will not be suitable for long-term use. The alternative process of inhibition of QS in bacteria using different natural and synthetic molecules is called quorum quenching. However, in the long run, QS inhibitors or blockers may also develop resistance, but obviously it will solve some sort of problems. In this review, we also have stated the mode of action of quorum-quenching molecule. The understanding of QS network in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria will help us to solve many health-related problems in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731 235, India.
| | - Arun Kumar Ray
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731 235, India
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175
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Saurav K, Burgsdorf I, Teta R, Esposito G, Bar-Shalom R, Costantino V, Steindler L. Isolation of MarineParacoccussp. Ss63 from the SpongeSarcotragussp. and Characterization of its Quorum-Sensing Chemical-Signaling Molecules by LC-MS/MS Analysis. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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176
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Yang J, Wu D, Li A, Guo H, Chen H, Pi S, Wei W, Ma F. The Addition of N-Hexanoyl-Homoserine Lactone to Improve the Microbial Flocculant Production of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Strain F2, an Exopolysaccharide Bioflocculant-Producing Bacterium. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:728-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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177
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Chan XY, How KY, Yin WF, Chan KG. N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone-Mediated Quorum Sensing in Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria Strain 159: Identification of LuxRI Homologs. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:7. [PMID: 26909339 PMCID: PMC4754395 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kah-Yan How
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai-Fong Yin
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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178
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O’Reilly MC, Blackwell HE. Structure-Based Design and Biological Evaluation of Triphenyl Scaffold-Based Hybrid Compounds as Hydrolytically Stable Modulators of a LuxR-Type Quorum Sensing Receptor. ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:32-38. [PMID: 26807436 PMCID: PMC4709822 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Many
common bacterial pathogens utilize quorum sensing to coordinate group
behaviors and initiate virulence at high cell densities. The use of
small molecules to block quorum sensing provides a means of abrogating
pathogenic phenotypes, but many known quorum sensing modulators have
limitations, including hydrolytic instability and displaying non-monotonic
dose curves (indicative of additional targets and/or modes of action).
To address these issues, we undertook a structure-based scaffold-hopping
approach to develop new chemical modulators of the LasR quorum sensing
receptor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
We combined components from a triphenyl derivative known to strongly
agonize LasR with chemical moieties known for LasR antagonism and
generated potent LasR antagonists that are hydrolytically stable across
a range of pH values. Additionally, many of these antagonists do not
exhibit non-monotonic dose effects, delivering probes that inhibit
LasR across a wider range of assay conditions relative to known lactone-based
ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. O’Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Helen E. Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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179
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Zhou J, Lyu Y, Richlen M, Anderson DM, Cai Z. Quorum sensing is a language of chemical signals and plays an ecological role in algal-bacterial interactions. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2016; 35:81-105. [PMID: 28966438 PMCID: PMC5619252 DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2016.1172461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Algae are ubiquitous in the marine environment, and the ways in which they interact with bacteria are of particular interest in marine ecology field. The interactions between primary producers and bacteria impact the physiology of both partners, alter the chemistry of their environment, and shape microbial diversity. Although algal-bacterial interactions are well known and studied, information regarding the chemical-ecological role of this relationship remains limited, particularly with respect to quorum sensing (QS), which is a system of stimuli and response correlated to population density. In the microbial biosphere, QS is pivotal in driving community structure and regulating behavioral ecology, including biofilm formation, virulence, antibiotic resistance, swarming motility, and secondary metabolite production. Many marine habitats, such as the phycosphere, harbour diverse populations of microorganisms and various signal languages (such as QS-based autoinducers). QS-mediated interactions widely influence algal-bacterial symbiotic relationships, which in turn determine community organization, population structure, and ecosystem functioning. Understanding infochemicals-mediated ecological processes may shed light on the symbiotic interactions between algae host and associated microbes. In this review, we summarize current achievements about how QS modulates microbial behavior, affects symbiotic relationships, and regulates phytoplankton chemical ecological processes. Additionally, we present an overview of QS-modulated co-evolutionary relationships between algae and bacterioplankton, and consider the potential applications and future perspectives of QS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- The Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yihua Lyu
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou, 510300, P. R. China
| | - Mindy Richlen
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd., MS 32, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Donald M. Anderson
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd., MS 32, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- The Division of Ocean Science and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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180
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Biswas NN, Kutty SK, Iskander GM, Mielczarek M, Bhadbhade MM, Gardner CR, Black DS, Kumar N. Synthesis of brominated novel N -heterocycles: new scaffolds for antimicrobial discovery. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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181
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Nizalapur S, Kimyon Ö, Biswas NN, Gardner CR, Griffith R, Rice SA, Manefield M, Willcox M, Black DS, Kumar N. Design, synthesis and evaluation of N-aryl-glyoxamide derivatives as structurally novel bacterial quorum sensing inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:680-693. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01973g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria cooperatively regulate the expression of many phenotypes through a mechanism called quorum sensing (QS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Önder Kimyon
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (BABS)
- UNSW Australia
- Sydney
- Australia
| | | | | | | | - Scott A. Rice
- Centre for Marine Biology
- School of Biological
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- UNSW Australia
- Sydney
| | - Mike Manefield
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (BABS)
- UNSW Australia
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science
- UNSW Australia
- Sydney
- Australia
| | | | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry
- UNSW Australia
- Sydney
- Australia
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182
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Ruysbergh E, Stevens CV, De Kimpe N, Mangelinckx S. Synthesis and analysis of stable isotope-labelled N-acyl homoserine lactones. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17797b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An easy, reliable manner to make suitable, deuterated standards of AHL-molecules belonging to all three important classes of AHLs is presented, starting from a cheap and commercially available deuterium source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewout Ruysbergh
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
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183
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Goh WK, Gardner CR, Chandra Sekhar KV, Biswas NN, Nizalapur S, Rice SA, Willcox M, Black DS, Kumar N. Synthesis, quorum sensing inhibition and docking studies of 1,5-dihydropyrrol-2-ones. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7366-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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184
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Moore JD, Rossi FM, Welsh MA, Nyffeler KE, Blackwell HE. A Comparative Analysis of Synthetic Quorum Sensing Modulators in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: New Insights into Mechanism, Active Efflux Susceptibility, Phenotypic Response, and Next-Generation Ligand Design. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14626-39. [PMID: 26491787 PMCID: PMC4665086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a chemical signaling mechanism that allows bacterial populations to coordinate gene expression in response to social and environmental cues. Many bacterial pathogens use QS to initiate infection at high cell densities. Over the past two decades, chemical antagonists of QS in pathogenic bacteria have attracted substantial interest for use both as tools to further elucidate QS mechanisms and, with further development, potential anti-infective agents. Considerable recent research has been devoted to the design of small molecules capable of modulating the LasR QS receptor in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These molecules hold significant promise in a range of contexts; however, as most compounds have been developed independently, comparative activity data for these compounds are scarce. Moreover, the mechanisms by which the bulk of these compounds act are largely unknown. This paucity of data has stalled the choice of an optimal chemical scaffold for further advancement. Herein, we submit the best-characterized LasR modulators to standardized cell-based reporter and QS phenotypic assays in P. aeruginosa, and we report the first comprehensive set of comparative LasR activity data for these compounds. Our experiments uncovered multiple interesting mechanistic phenomena (including a potential alternative QS-modulatory ligand binding site/partner) that provide new, and unexpected, insights into the modes by which many of these LasR ligands act. The lead compounds, data trends, and mechanistic insights reported here will significantly aid the design of new small molecule QS inhibitors and activators in P. aeruginosa, and in other bacteria, with enhanced potencies and defined modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Francis M Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY Cortland , Cortland, New York 13045, United States
| | - Michael A Welsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kayleigh E Nyffeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Helen E Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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185
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Aybey A, Sinan S, Askun T. Signal interference effect of human paraoxonase 1 using as substrates N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone and N-3-oxo-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone on growth of pathogenic bacteria. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815060022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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186
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O'Connor G, Knecht LD, Salgado N, Strobel S, Pasini P, Daunert S. Whole-Cell Biosensors as Tools for the Detection of Quorum-Sensing Molecules: Uses in Diagnostics and the Investigation of the Quorum-Sensing Mechanism. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015:181-200. [PMID: 26475469 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered bacterial whole-cell biosensors are powerful tools that take advantage of bacterial proteins and pathways to allow for detection of a specific analyte. These biosensors have been employed for a broad range of applications, including the detection of bacterial quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs). Bacterial QSMs are the small molecules bacteria use for population density-dependent communication, a process referred to as quorum sensing (QS). Various research groups have investigated the presence of QSMs, including N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) and autoinducer-2 (AI-2), in physiological samples in attempts to enhance our knowledge of the role of bacteria and QS in disease states. Continued studies in these fields may allow for improved patient care and therapeutics based upon QSMs. Furthermore, bacterial whole-cell biosensors have elucidated the roles of some antibiotics as QS agonists and antagonists. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory O'Connor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Leslie D Knecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33146, USA.
| | - Nelson Salgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sebastian Strobel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Patrizia Pasini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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187
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Untapped Resources: Biotechnological Potential of Peptides and Secondary Metabolites in Archaea. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2015; 2015:282035. [PMID: 26504428 PMCID: PMC4609331 DOI: 10.1155/2015/282035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Archaea are an understudied domain of life often found in “extreme” environments in terms of temperature, salinity, and a range of other factors. Archaeal proteins, such as a wide range of enzymes, have adapted to function under these extreme conditions, providing biotechnology with interesting activities to exploit. In addition to producing structural and enzymatic proteins, archaea also produce a range of small peptide molecules (such as archaeocins) and other novel secondary metabolites such as those putatively involved in cell communication (acyl homoserine lactones), which can be exploited for biotechnological purposes. Due to the wide array of metabolites produced there is a great deal of biotechnological potential from antimicrobials such as diketopiperazines and archaeocins, as well as roles in the cosmetics and food industry. In this review we will discuss the diversity of small molecules, both peptide and nonpeptide, produced by archaea and their potential biotechnological applications.
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188
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189
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Grandclément C, Tannières M, Moréra S, Dessaux Y, Faure D. Quorum quenching: role in nature and applied developments. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 40:86-116. [PMID: 26432822 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) refers to the capacity of bacteria to monitor their population density and regulate gene expression accordingly: the QS-regulated processes deal with multicellular behaviors (e.g. growth and development of biofilm), horizontal gene transfer and host-microbe (symbiosis and pathogenesis) and microbe-microbe interactions. QS signaling requires the synthesis, exchange and perception of bacterial compounds, called autoinducers or QS signals (e.g. N-acylhomoserine lactones). The disruption of QS signaling, also termed quorum quenching (QQ), encompasses very diverse phenomena and mechanisms which are presented and discussed in this review. First, we surveyed the QS-signal diversity and QS-associated responses for a better understanding of the targets of the QQ phenomena that organisms have naturally evolved and are currently actively investigated in applied perspectives. Next the mechanisms, targets and molecular actors associated with QS interference are presented, with a special emphasis on the description of natural QQ enzymes and chemicals acting as QS inhibitors. Selected QQ paradigms are detailed to exemplify the mechanisms and biological roles of QS inhibition in microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions. Finally, some QQ strategies are presented as promising tools in different fields such as medicine, aquaculture, crop production and anti-biofouling area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Grandclément
- Institut for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Department of Microbiology, CNRS CEA Paris-Sud University, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Mélanie Tannières
- Institut for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Department of Microbiology, CNRS CEA Paris-Sud University, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Solange Moréra
- Institut for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Department of Structural Biology, CNRS CEA Paris-Sud University, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Yves Dessaux
- Institut for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Department of Microbiology, CNRS CEA Paris-Sud University, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Denis Faure
- Institut for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Department of Microbiology, CNRS CEA Paris-Sud University, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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190
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Maisuria VB, Nerurkar AS. Interference of Quorum Sensing by Delftia sp. VM4 Depends on the Activity of a Novel N-Acylhomoserine Lactone-Acylase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138034. [PMID: 26384328 PMCID: PMC4575145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Turf soil bacterial isolate Delftia sp. VM4 can degrade exogenous N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL), hence it effectively attenuates the virulence of bacterial soft rot pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strain BR1 (Pcc BR1) as a consequence of quorum sensing inhibition. Methodology/Principal Findings Isolated Delftia sp. VM4 can grow in minimal medium supplemented with AHL as a sole source of carbon and energy. It also possesses the ability to degrade various AHL molecules in a short time interval. Delftia sp. VM4 suppresses AHL accumulation and the production of virulence determinant enzymes by Pcc BR1 without interference of the growth during co-culture cultivation. The quorum quenching activity was lost after the treatment with trypsin and proteinase K. The protein with quorum quenching activity was purified by three step process. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and Mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis revealed that the AHL degrading enzyme (82 kDa) demonstrates homology with the NCBI database hypothetical protein (Daci_4366) of D. acidovorans SPH-1. The purified AHL acylase of Delftia sp. VM4 demonstrated optimum activity at 20–40°C and pH 6.2 as well as AHL acylase type mode of action. It possesses similarity with an α/β-hydrolase fold protein, which makes it unique among the known AHL acylases with domains of the N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn)-hydrolase superfamily. In addition, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for hydrolysis of the different AHL substrates by purified AHL-acylase were estimated. Here we present the studies that investigate the mode of action and kinetics of AHL-degradation by purified AHL acylase from Delftia sp. VM4. Significance We characterized an AHL-inactivating enzyme from Delftia sp. VM4, identified as AHL acylase showing distinctive similarity with α/β-hydrolase fold protein, described its biochemical and thermodynamic properties for the first time and revealed its potential application as an anti-virulence agent against bacterial soft rot pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum based on quorum quenching mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal B. Maisuria
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Human Science, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Anuradha S. Nerurkar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- * E-mail:
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191
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Zhao J, Chen M, Quan CS, Fan SD. Mechanisms of quorum sensing and strategies for quorum sensing disruption in aquaculture pathogens. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2015; 38:771-786. [PMID: 25219871 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In many countries, infectious diseases are a considerable threat to aquaculture. The pathogenicity of micro-organisms that infect aquaculture systems is closely related to the release of virulence factors and the formation of biofilms, both of which are regulated by quorum sensing (QS). Thus, QS disruption is a potential strategy for preventing disease in aquaculture systems. QS inhibitors (QSIs) not only inhibit the expression of virulence-associated genes but also attenuate the virulence of aquaculture pathogens. In this review, we discuss QS systems in important aquaculture pathogens and focus on the relationship between QS mechanisms and bacterial virulence in aquaculture. We further elucidate QS disruption strategies for targeting aquaculture pathogens. Four main types of QSIs that target aquaculture pathogens are discussed based on their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry of Education, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
- College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
| | - M Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - C S Quan
- Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry of Education, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
- College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
| | - S D Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry of Education, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
- College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
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192
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How KY, Hong KW, Chan KG. Whole genome sequencing enables the characterization of BurI, a LuxI homologue of Burkholderia cepacia strain GG4. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1117. [PMID: 26290785 PMCID: PMC4540015 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing is a mechanism for regulating proteobacterial gene expression in response to changes in cell population. In proteobacteria, N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) appears to be the most widely used signalling molecules in mediating, among others, the production of extracellular virulence factors for survival. In this work, the genome of B. cepacia strain GG4, a plasmid-free strain capable of AHL synthesis was explored. In silico analysis of the 6.6 Mb complete genome revealed the presence of a LuxI homologue which correspond to Type I quorum sensing. Here, we report the molecular cloning and characterization of this LuxI homologue, designated as BurI. This 609 bp gene was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The purified protein was approximately 25 kDa and is highly similar to several autoinducer proteins of the LuxI family among Burkholderia species. To verify the AHL synthesis activity of this protein, high resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the production of 3-oxo-hexanoylhomoserine lactone, N-octanoylhomoserine lactone and 3-hydroxy-octanoylhomoserine lactone from induced E. coli BL21 harboring the recombinant BurI. Our data show, for the first time, the cloning and characterization of the LuxI homologue from B. cepacia strain GG4 and confirmation of its AHL synthesis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Yan How
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Kar Wai Hong
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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193
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Mayer C, Romero M, Muras A, Otero A. Aii20J, a wide-spectrum thermostable N-acylhomoserine lactonase from the marine bacterium Tenacibaculum sp. 20J, can quench AHL-mediated acid resistance in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9523-39. [PMID: 26092757 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) are produced by many Gram-negative bacteria to coordinate gene expression in cellular density dependent mechanisms known as quorum sensing (QS). Since the disruption of the communication systems significantly reduces virulence, the inhibition of quorumsensing processes or quorum quenching (QQ) represents an interesting anti-pathogenic strategy to control bacterial infections. Escherichia coli does not produce AHLs but possesses an orphan AHL receptor, SdiA, which is thought to be able to sense the QS signals produced by other bacteria and controls important traits as the expression of glutamate-dependent acid resistance mechanism, therefore constituting a putative target for QQ. A novel AHL-lactonase, named Aii20J, has been identified, cloned and over expressed from the marine bacterium Tenacibaculum sp. strain 20 J presenting a wide-spectrum QQ activity. The enzyme, belonging to the metallo-β-lactamase family, shares less than 31 % identity with the lactonase AiiA from Bacillus spp. Aii20J presents a much higher specific activity than the Bacillus enzyme, maintains its activity after incubation at 100 ºC for 10 minutes, is resistant to protease K and α-chymotrypsin, and is unaffected by wide ranges of pH. The addition of Aii20J (20 μg/mL) to cultures of E. coli K-12 to which OC6-HSL was added resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability in comparison with the acidresistant cultures derived from the presence of the signal. Results confirm the interaction between AHLs and SdiA in E. coli for the expression of virulence-related genes and reveal the potential use of Aii20J as anti-virulence strategy against important bacterial pathogens and in other biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mayer
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology-CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Romero
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology-CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - A Muras
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology-CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Otero
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology-CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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194
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Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacterium Nitrobacter winogradskyi Produces N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Autoinducers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5917-26. [PMID: 26092466 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01103-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrobacter winogradskyi is a chemolithotrophic bacterium that plays a role in the nitrogen cycle by oxidizing nitrite to nitrate. Here, we demonstrate a functional N-acyl-homoserine lactone (acyl-HSL) synthase in this bacterium. The N. winogradskyi genome contains genes encoding a putative acyl-HSL autoinducer synthase (nwi0626, nwiI) and a putative acyl-HSL autoinducer receptor (nwi0627, nwiR) with amino acid sequences 38 to 78% identical to those in Rhodopseudomonas palustris and other Rhizobiales. Expression of nwiI and nwiR correlated with acyl-HSL production during culture. N. winogradskyi produces two distinct acyl-HSLs, N-decanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL) and a monounsaturated acyl-HSL (C10:1-HSL), in a cell-density- and growth phase-dependent manner, during batch and chemostat culture. The acyl-HSLs were detected by bioassay and identified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with information-dependent acquisition mass spectrometry (UPLC-IDA-MS). The C=C bond in C10:1-HSL was confirmed by conversion into bromohydrin and detection by UPLC-IDA-MS.
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195
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Selection for phage resistance is a key driver of bacterial diversity and evolution, and phage-host interactions may therefore have strong influence on the genetic and functional dynamics of bacterial communities. In this study, we found that an important, but so far largely overlooked, determinant of the outcome of phage-bacterial encounters in the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum is bacterial cell-cell communication, known as quorum sensing. Specifically, V. anguillarum PF430-3 cells locked in the low-cell-density state (ΔvanT mutant) express high levels of the phage receptor OmpK, resulting in a high susceptibility to phage KVP40, but achieve protection from infection by enhanced biofilm formation. By contrast, cells locked in the high-cell-density state (ΔvanΟ mutant) are almost completely unsusceptible due to quorum-sensing-mediated downregulation of OmpK expression. The phenotypes of the two quorum-sensing mutant strains are accurately reflected in the behavior of wild-type V. anguillarum, which (i) displays increased OmpK expression in aggregated cells compared to free-living variants in the same culture, (ii) displays a clear inverse correlation between ompK mRNA levels and the concentration of N-acylhomoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals in the culture medium, and (iii) survives mainly by one of these two defense mechanisms, rather than by genetic mutation to phage resistance. Taken together, our results demonstrate that V. anguillarum employs quorum-sensing information to choose between two complementary antiphage defense strategies. Further, the prevalence of nonmutational defense mechanisms in strain PF430-3 suggests highly flexible adaptations to KVP40 phage infection pressure, possibly allowing the long-term coexistence of phage and host. IMPORTANCE Comprehensive knowledge on bacterial antiphage strategies and their regulation is essential for understanding the role of phages as drivers of bacterial evolution and diversity. In an applied context, development of successful phage-based control of bacterial pathogens also requires detailed understanding of the mechanisms of phage protection in pathogenic bacteria. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the presence of quorum-sensing-regulated phage defense mechanisms in the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum and provide evidence that quorum-sensing regulation allows V. anguillarum to alternate between different phage protection mechanisms depending on population cell density. Further, our results demonstrate the prevalence of nonmutational defense mechanisms in the investigated V. anguillarum strain, which allow flexible adaptations to a dynamic phage infection pressure.
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196
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Soh EYC, Chhabra SR, Halliday N, Heeb S, Müller C, Birmes FS, Fetzner S, Cámara M, Chan KG, Williams P. Biotic inactivation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quinolone signal molecule. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4352-65. [PMID: 25809238 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, quorum sensing (QS) regulates the production of secondary metabolites, many of which are antimicrobials that impact on polymicrobial community composition. Consequently, quenching QS modulates the environmental impact of P. aeruginosa. To identify bacteria capable of inactivating the QS signal molecule 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone (PQS), a minimal medium containing PQS as the sole carbon source was used to enrich a Malaysian rainforest soil sample. This yielded an Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain (Q19) that inactivated PQS, yielding a new fluorescent compound (I-PQS) confirmed as PQS-derived using deuterated PQS. The I-PQS structure was elucidated using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as 2-heptyl-2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3,4-dione (HHQD). Achromobacter xylosoxidans Q19 oxidized PQS congeners with alkyl chains ranging from C1 to C5 and also N-methyl PQS, yielding the corresponding 2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3,4-diones, but was unable to inactivate the PQS precursor HHQ. This indicates that the hydroxyl group at position 3 in PQS is essential and that A. xylosoxidans inactivates PQS via a pathway involving the incorporation of oxygen at C2 of the heterocyclic ring. The conversion of PQS to HHQD also occurred on incubation with 12/17 A. xylosoxidans strains recovered from cystic fibrosis patients, with P. aeruginosa and with Arthrobacter, suggesting that formation of hydroxylated PQS may be a common mechanism of inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Ye-Chen Soh
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Siri R Chhabra
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nigel Halliday
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stephan Heeb
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Christine Müller
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, D-48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Franziska S Birmes
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, D-48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Susanne Fetzner
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, D-48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Miguel Cámara
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Paul Williams
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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197
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How KY, Hong KW, Sam CK, Koh CL, Yin WF, Chan KG. Unravelling the genome of long chain N-acylhomoserine lactone-producing Acinetobacter sp. strain GG2 and identification of its quorum sensing synthase gene. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:240. [PMID: 25926817 PMCID: PMC4396500 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myriad proteobacteria use N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) molecules as quorum sensing (QS) signals to regulate different physiological functions, including virulence, antibiotic production, and biofilm formation. Many of these proteobacteria possess LuxI/LuxR system as the QS mechanism. Recently, we reported the 3.89 Mb genome of Acinetobacter sp. strain GG2. In this work, the genome of this long chain AHL-producing bacterium was unravelled which led to the molecular characterization of luxI homologue, designated as aciI. This 552 bp gene was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The purified protein was ∼20.5 kDa and is highly similar to several autoinducer proteins of LuxI family among Acinetobacter species. To verify the AHL synthesis activity of this protein, high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed the production of 3-oxo-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone and 3-hydroxy-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone from induced E. coli harboring the recombinant AciI. Our data show for the first time, the cloning and characterization of the luxI homologue from Acinetobacter sp. strain GG2, and confirmation of its AHLs production. These data are of great significance as the annotated genome of strain GG2 has provided a valuable insight in the study of autoinducer molecules and its roles in QS mechanism of the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Yan How
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kar-Wai Hong
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choon-Kook Sam
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chong-Lek Koh
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai-Fong Yin
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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198
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Quorum Sensing Is Accompanied by Global Metabolic Changes in the Opportunistic Human Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 2015; 197:2072-82. [PMID: 25868647 DOI: 10.1128/jb.02557-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL)-dependent quorum sensing (QS) systems to control the expression of secreted effectors. These effectors can be crucial to the ecological fitness of the bacterium, playing roles in nutrient acquisition, microbial competition, and virulence. In this study, we investigated the metabolic consequences of AHL-dependent QS by monitoring the metabolic profile(s) of a lasI rhlI double mutant (unable to make QS signaling molecules) and its wild-type progenitor as they progressed through the growth curve. Analysis of culture supernatants by (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) spectroscopy revealed that at the point where AHL concentrations peaked in the wild type, the metabolic footprints (i.e., extracellular metabolites) of the wild-type and lasI rhlI mutant diverged. Subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based analysis of the intracellular metabolome revealed QS-dependent perturbations in around one-third of all identified metabolites, including altered concentrations of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, amino acids, and fatty acids. Further targeted fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) GC-MS-based profiling of the cellular total fatty acid pools revealed that QS leads to changes associated with decreased membrane fluidity and higher chemical stability. However, not all of the changes we observed were necessarily a direct consequence of QS; liquid chromatography (LC)-MS analyses revealed that polyamine levels were elevated in the lasI rhlI mutant, perhaps a response to the absence of QS-dependent adaptations. Our data suggest that QS leads to a global readjustment in central metabolism and provide new insight into the metabolic changes associated with QS during stationary-phase adaptation. IMPORTANCE Quorum sensing (QS) is a transcriptional regulatory mechanism that allows bacteria to coordinate their gene expression profile with the population cell density. The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses QS to control the production of secreted virulence factors. In this study, we show that QS elicits a global "metabolic rewiring" in P. aeruginosa. This metabolic rerouting of fluxes is consistent with a variety of drivers, ranging from altered QS-dependent transcription of "metabolic genes" through to the effect(s) of global "metabolic readjustment" as a consequence of QS-dependent exoproduct synthesis, as well as a general stress response, among others. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to assess the global impact of QS on the metabolome.
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199
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Abstract
SUMMARY Autoinduction (AI), the response to self-produced chemical signals, is widespread in the bacterial world. This process controls vastly different target functions, such as luminescence, nutrient acquisition, and biofilm formation, in different ways and integrates additional environmental and physiological cues. This diversity raises questions about unifying principles that underlie all AI systems. Here, we suggest that such core principles exist. We argue that the general purpose of AI systems is the homeostatic control of costly cooperative behaviors, including, but not limited to, secreted public goods. First, costly behaviors require preassessment of their efficiency by cheaper AI signals, which we encapsulate in a hybrid "push-pull" model. The "push" factors cell density, diffusion, and spatial clustering determine when a behavior becomes effective. The relative importance of each factor depends on each species' individual ecological context and life history. In turn, "pull" factors, often stress cues that reduce the activation threshold, determine the cellular demand for the target behavior. Second, control is homeostatic because AI systems, either themselves or through accessory mechanisms, not only initiate but also maintain the efficiency of target behaviors. Third, AI-controlled behaviors, even seemingly noncooperative ones, are generally cooperative in nature, when interpreted in the appropriate ecological context. The escape of individual cells from biofilms, for example, may be viewed as an altruistic behavior that increases the fitness of the resident population by reducing starvation stress. The framework proposed here helps appropriately categorize AI-controlled behaviors and allows for a deeper understanding of their ecological and evolutionary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard A Hense
- Institute for Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Schuster
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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200
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Kim YW, Sung C, Lee S, Kim KJ, Yang YH, Kim BG, Lee YK, Ryu HW, Kim YG. MALDI-MS-Based Quantitative Analysis for Ketone Containing Homoserine Lactones in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Anal Chem 2015; 87:858-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5039362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Woo Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea
| | - Changmin Sung
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Seulee Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department
of Microbial Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Byung-Gee Kim
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Yoo Kyung Lee
- Arctic Research
Center, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Hee Wook Ryu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea
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