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Kanesa-thasan RM, Nazarian LN, Parker L, Rao VM, Levin DC. Comparative Trends in Utilization of MRI and Ultrasound to Evaluate Nonspine Joint Disease 2003 to 2015. J Am Coll Radiol 2018; 15:402-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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152
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purposes of this review were to provide an overview of the current practice of evaluating the postoperative rotator cuff on imaging and to review the salient imaging findings of the normal and abnormal postoperative rotator cuff, as well as of postoperative complications. RECENT FINDINGS The repaired rotator cuff frequently appears abnormal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US). Recent studies have shown that while the tendons typically normalize, they can demonstrate clinically insignificant abnormal imaging appearances for longer than 6 months. Features of capsular thickening or subacromial-subdeltoid bursal thickening and fluid distension were found to decrease substantially in the first 6-month postoperative period. MRI and US were found to be highly comparable in the postoperative assessment of the rotator cuff, although they had a lower sensitivity for partial thickness tears. Imaging evaluation of newer techniques such as patch augmentation and superior capsular reconstruction needs to be further investigated. MRI and US are useful in the postoperative assessment of the rotator cuff, not only for evaluation of the integrity of the rotator cuff, but also for detecting hardware complications and other etiologies of shoulder pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Lee
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 535 East 70th street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Danielle Williams
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 535 East 70th street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Yoshimi Endo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 535 East 70th street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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153
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Comparison Between Isotropic 3-Dimensional Fat-Suppressed T2-Weighted Fast Spin Echo (FSE) and Conventional 2-Dimensional Fat-Suppressed Proton-Weighted FSE Shoulder Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3-T in Patients With Shoulder Pain. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2018; 42:559-565. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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154
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Zhu Y, Cheng X, Ma Y, Wong JH, Xie Y, Du J, Chang EY. Rotator cuff tendon assessment using magic-angle insensitive 3D ultrashort echo time cones magnetization transfer (UTE-Cones-MT) imaging and modeling with histological correlation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 48:160-168. [PMID: 29219218 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotator cuff tendons (RCTs) are challenging to image due to the "magic angle effect" and their short T2 . PURPOSE To assess the degree of magic angle sensitivity of human RCTs and to utilize a 3D ultrashort echo time Cones sequence with magnetization transfer preparation (UTE-Cones-MT) and two-pool quantitative MT modeling with histological correlation. We hypothesized that MT parameters would be less sensitive to the magic angle compared with conventional T2 measurements. STUDY TYPE Prospective imaging pathologic correlation. SPECIMEN Twenty cadaveric rotator cuff tendons were imaged at five sample orientations ranging from 0-90° relative to the B0 field. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T/3D UTE-Cones-MT and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG). ASSESSMENT Two-pool quantitative MT modeling parameters and T2 values were calculated in regions of interest drawn by a medical physicist. Histopathological analysis was performed and mild and severe tendinopathy groups were assigned by a histopathologist and histotechnician. STATISTICAL TESTS Coefficients of variations (CVs) were calculated for measures between the different orientations and group means were compared for each measure. RESULTS CVs of T2 and macromolecular fractions between orientations were 26.14 ± 16.82% and 6.18 ± 2.77% (mean ± SD), respectively. T2 measurements at 0°, 27°, 70°, and 90° showed significant differences between the two histological groups (P = 0.004, 0.008, 0.003, and 0.015, respectively), but not at 55° (P = 0.611). Mean T2 value ranges between orientations for the mild and severe tendinopathy groups were 15.27-30.32 msec and 20.81-35.85 msec, respectively, showing overlap despite statistically significant differences (P = 0.003). Macromolecular fractions at all angles showed significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.0001). Mean fraction ranges between orientations for the mild and severe tendinopathy groups were 14.32-17.17% and 10.00-13.75% respectively (P < 0.0001) with no overlap. DATA CONCLUSION Compared with T2 , macromolecular fraction obtained with the 3D UTE-Cones-MT technique is resistant to the magic angle effect and is more sensitive to RCT degeneration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Zhu
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA.,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academic of Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA.,Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jonathan H Wong
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA.,Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yaoqin Xie
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academic of Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
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155
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Artul S, Habib G. Ultrasonographic clues for acuity/chronicity of rotator cuff tear. Eur J Rheumatol 2017; 4:260-263. [PMID: 29308280 PMCID: PMC5741338 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.17047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To look prospectively for ultrasonographic clues for acuity/chronicity of rotator cuff tear (RCT) among patients with shoulder pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with shoulder pain who were referred for musculoskeletal ultrasonography and diagnosed with RCT were asked to participate in our study. After consent, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings, including age, gender, history of trauma, type of tendon with tear, tendon tear size, tendon effusion, bursal effusion, calcification, tendon thickness, and duration of shoulder pain were documented. Shoulder pain duration of ≤2 months was considered as an acute case. Patients were divided into group 1 (with acute shoulder pain) and group 2 (patients with chronic shoulder pain; pain duration of >2 months), and the various parameters of the two groups were compared to look for significant differences between the two groups. Student's unpaired t-test and the chi-square test were used for continuous and categorical parameters, respectively. RESULTS A total of 112 patients were diagnosed with RCT, and 132 tears were documented. Sixty-three patients (~56%) were male, and the mean age of all the patients was 54.2±15.2 years. A total of 44% of the patients belonged to group 1 (with acute pain). The existence of either a subdeltoid bursal effusion (SBE) or a biceps peritendon effusion (BPE) and thick tendon were observed significantly more among patients in group 1 compared to patients in group 2. CONCLUSION The existence of either an SBE or a BPE and thick tendon were signs of an acute RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheil Artul
- Department of Radiology, Nazareth Hospital, Faculty of Medicien, Gallile School of Mediciene, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - George Habib
- Rheumatology Unit, Laniado Medical Center, Netanya, School of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, and Rheumatology Clinic, Nazareth Hospital, Nazareth, Israel
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156
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Brockmeyer M, Schmitt C, Haupert A, Kohn D, Lorbach O. Limited diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and clinical tests for detecting partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuff. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2017; 137:1719-1724. [PMID: 28942510 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-017-2799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The reliable diagnosis of partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuff is still elusive in clinical practise. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging and clinical tests for detecting partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuff as well as the combination of these parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS 334 consecutive shoulder arthroscopies for rotator cuff pathologies performed during the time period between 2010 and 2012 were analyzed retrospectively for the findings of common clinical signs for rotator cuff lesions and preoperative MR imaging. These were compared with the intraoperative arthroscopic findings as "gold standard". The reports of the MR imaging were evaluated with regard to the integrity of the rotator cuff. The Ellman Classification was used to define partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuff in accordance with the arthroscopic findings. Descriptive statistics, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were calculated. RESULTS MR imaging showed 80 partial-thickness and 70 full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff. The arthroscopic examination confirmed 64 partial-thickness tears of which 52 needed debridement or refixation of the rotator cuff. Sensitivity for MR imaging to identify partial-thickness tears was 51.6%, specificity 77.2%, positive predictive value 41.3% and negative predictive value 83.7%. For the Jobe-test, sensitivity was 64.1%, specificity 43.2%, positive predictive value 25.9% and negative predictive value 79.5%. Sensitivity for the Impingement-sign was 76.7%, specificity 46.6%, positive predictive value 30.8% and negative predictive value 86.5%. For the combination of MR imaging, Jobe-test and Impingement-sign sensitivity was 46.9%, specificity 85.4%, positive predictive value 50% and negative predictive value 83.8%. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic accuracy of MR imaging and clinical tests (Jobe-test and Impingement-sign) alone is limited for detecting partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuff. Additionally, the combination of MR imaging and clinical tests does not improve diagnostic accuracy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, Diagnostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brockmeyer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Straße, Geb. 37/38, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Schmitt
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Straße, Geb. 37/38, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Alexander Haupert
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Straße, Geb. 37/38, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Dieter Kohn
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrberger Straße, Geb. 37/38, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Olaf Lorbach
- Sporthopaedicum Berlin, Bismarckstraße 45-47, 10627, Berlin, Germany
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157
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Zhang J, Li Y, Wang H. Musculoskeletal ultrasound-guided physical therapy in hemiplegic shoulder pain: A CARE-compliant case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9188. [PMID: 29390330 PMCID: PMC5815742 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MU) method in the diagnosis of shoulder pain and injury and guidance of injection and pain blocking has been established. However, the treatment of posthemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) with MU-guided precise physical therapy has not been reported. PATIENT CONCERNS Here, we present the first case report of a 64-year-old man with a right basal ganglia hemorrhage. Left side shoulder pain remained unbearable, which seriously affected sleep and shoulder-related activities. INTERVENTIONS The patient received MU-guided precise drug administration, laser, and other physical therapy in addition to exercise training for 2 months. OUTCOMES The pain was significantly relieved and shoulder function was improved. Effusion extent and tendon thickness were reduced. LESSONS MU-guided precise physical therapy can effectively reduce symptoms of HSP and improve inflammation and effusion absorption of lesioned tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Tongren Hospital, Shanghai
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Tongren Hospital, Shanghai
| | - Hongxing Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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158
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Kvalvaag E, Anvar M, Karlberg AC, Brox JI, Engebretsen KB, Soberg HL, Juel NG, Bautz-Holter E, Sandvik L, Roe C. Shoulder MRI features with clinical correlations in subacromial pain syndrome: a cross-sectional and prognostic study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:469. [PMID: 29157224 PMCID: PMC5696760 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies on shoulder patients have suggested that the prevalence of rotator cuff or bursa abnormalities are weakly related to symptoms and that similar findings are often found in asymptomatic persons. In addition, it is largely unknown whether structural changes identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) affect outcome after treatment for shoulder pain. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the presence of structural changes on MRI in patients with subacromial pain syndrome and to determine to what extent these changes are associated with symptoms and predict outcome after treatment (evaluated by the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)). Methods A prospective, observational assessment of a subset of shoulder patients who were included in a randomized study was performed. All participants had an MRI of the shoulder. An MRI total score for findings at the AC joint, subacromial bursa and rotator cuff was calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to examine the relationship between the MRI total score and the outcome measure at baseline and to examine to what extent the MRI total score was associated with the change in the SPADI score from baseline to the one year follow-up. Results There was a weak, inverse association between the SPADI score at baseline and the MRI total score (β = −3.1, with 95% CI −5.9 to −0.34; p = 0.03), i.e. the SPADI score was higher for patients with a lower MRI total score. There was an association between the change in the SPADI score from baseline to the one year follow-up and the MRI total score (β = 8.1, 95% CI -12.3 to −3.8; p < 0.001), with a poorer outcome for patients with a higher MRI total score. Both tendinosis (p = 0.01) and bursitis (p = 0.04) were associated with a poorer outcome after one year. Conclusions In this study, MRI findings were significantly associated with the change in the SPADI score from baseline and to one year follow-up, with a poorer outcome after treatment for the patients with higher MRI total score, tendinosis and bursitis on MRI. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov no NCT01441830. September 28, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kvalvaag
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital HF, Ullevaal, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway. .,University of Oslo, Medical Faculty, Boks 1072 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Masoud Anvar
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital HF, Ullevaal, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Cecilia Karlberg
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital HF, Ullevaal, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Ivar Brox
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital HF, Ullevaal, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaia Beck Engebretsen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital HF, Ullevaal, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helene Lundgaard Soberg
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital HF, Ullevaal, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niels Gunnar Juel
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital HF, Ullevaal, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Bautz-Holter
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital HF, Ullevaal, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leiv Sandvik
- University of Oslo, Faculty of Dentistry, Boks 1072 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Roe
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital HF, Ullevaal, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,University of Oslo, Medical Faculty, Boks 1072 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
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159
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Razmjou H, Christakis M, Kennedy D, Robarts S, Holtby R. Impact of Radiographic Imaging of the Shoulder Joint on Patient Management: An Advanced-Practice Physical Therapist's Approach. Physiother Can 2017; 69:351-360. [PMID: 30369703 DOI: 10.3138/ptc.2016-41pc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Recent care innovations using advanced-practice physical therapists (APPs) as alternative health care providers are promising. However, information related to the clinical decision making of APPs is limited with respect to ordering shoulder-imaging investigations and the impact of these investigations on patient management. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to explore the clinical decision making of the APP providing care in a shoulder clinic by examining the relationship between clinical examination findings and reasons for ordering imaging investigations and (2) to examine the impact on patient management of ordered investigations such as plain radiographs, ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance arthrogram (MRA). Method: This was a prospective study of consecutive patients with shoulder complaints. Results: A total of 300 patients were seen over a period of 12 months. Plain radiographs were ordered for 241 patients (80%); 39 (13%) received MRI, 27 (9%) US, and 7 (2%) MRA. There was a relationship between clinical examination findings and ordering plain radiographs and US (ps=0.047 to <0.0001). Plain radiographs ordered to examine the biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint affected management (χ2 1=8.66, p=0.003). Finding a new diagnosis was strongly correlated with change in management for all imaging investigations (ps=0.001 to <0.0001). Conclusion: Skilled, extended-role physical therapists rely on history and clinical examination without overusing costly imaging. The most important indicator of change in management was finding a new diagnosis, regardless of the type of investigation ordered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Razmjou
- Department of Rehabilitation.,Sunnybrook Research Institute.,Department of Physical Therapy
| | - Monique Christakis
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.,Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Deborah Kennedy
- Department of Rehabilitation.,Department of Physical Therapy.,School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | | | - Richard Holtby
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Holland Orthopaedic & Arthritic Centre
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160
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Sonographic assessment of subacromial bursa distension during arm abduction: establishing a threshold value in the diagnosis of subacromial impingement syndrome. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2017; 45:287-294. [DOI: 10.1007/s10396-017-0839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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161
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Injuries to the labrum, joint capsule (in particular the inferior glenohumeral ligament), cartilage, and glenoid periosteum are associated with anterior shoulder instability. The goal of this review is to provide common radiographic images and findings in patients with anterior shoulder instability. Furthermore, we will demonstrate the best methods for measuring anterior glenoid bone loss. RECENT FINDINGS Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is highly relied upon for evaluating anterior shoulder instability and can diagnose soft tissue injuries with high sensitivity. While 3D computed tomography (CT) scan has been considered the optimal tool for evaluating osseous defects, certain MR imaging sequences have been shown to have similar diagnostic accuracy. Repair of Bankart lesions is critical to stabilizing the shoulder, and in the recent years, there has been an increasing focus on imaging to accurately characterize and measure glenoid bone loss to properly indicate patients for either arthroscopic repair or anterior bony reconstruction. Furthermore, Hill-Sachs lesions are commonly seen with shoulder instability, and importance must be placed on measuring the size and depth of these lesions along with possible engagement, as these factors will dictate management. The labral-ligamentous complex and rotator cuff are primary stabilizers of the shoulder. With anterior shoulder instability, the labrum is frequently injured. MRI with an arthrogram or provocative maneuvers is the gold standard for diagnosis. Various imaging modalities and methods can be performed to identify and measure Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesions, which can then be used for surgical planning and treating shoulder instability.
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162
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Lee MH, Sheehan SE, Orwin JF, Lee KS. Comprehensive Shoulder US Examination: A Standardized Approach with Multimodality Correlation for Common Shoulder Disease. Radiographics 2017; 36:1606-1627. [PMID: 27726738 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2016160030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions encountered in primary care and specialty orthopedic clinic settings. Although magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is typically the modality of choice for evaluating the soft-tissue structures of the shoulder, ultrasonography (US) is becoming an important complementary imaging tool in the evaluation of superficial soft-tissue structures such as the rotator cuff, subacromial-subdeltoid bursa, and biceps tendon. The advantages of US driving its recent increased use include low cost, accessibility, and capability for real-time high-resolution imaging that enables dynamic assessment and needle guidance. As more radiologists are considering incorporating shoulder US into their practices, the development of a standardized approach to performing shoulder US should be a priority to facilitate the delivery of high-quality patient care. Familiarity with and comfort in performing a standardized shoulder US examination, as well as knowledge of the types of anomalies that can be evaluated well with US, will enhance the expertise of those working in musculoskeletal radiology practices and add value in the form of increased patient and health care provider satisfaction. This review describes the utility and benefits of shoulder US as a tool that complements MR imaging in the assessment of shoulder pain. A standardized approach to the shoulder US examination is also described, with a review of the basic technique of this examination, normal anatomy of the shoulder, common indications for shoulder US, and characteristic US findings of common shoulder diseases-with select MR imaging and arthroscopic correlation. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Lee
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.H.L., S.E.S., K.S.L.) and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (J.F.O.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Scott E Sheehan
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.H.L., S.E.S., K.S.L.) and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (J.F.O.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - John F Orwin
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.H.L., S.E.S., K.S.L.) and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (J.F.O.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Kenneth S Lee
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.H.L., S.E.S., K.S.L.) and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (J.F.O.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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163
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Ahmad A, Bandpei MAM, Gilani SA, Munawar A, Ahmed I, Tanveer F. Reliability of musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging to measure supraspinatus tendon thickness in healthy subjects. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:1394-1398. [PMID: 28878470 PMCID: PMC5574356 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to assess intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) as a tool to measure supraspinatus tendon thickness in healthy subjects. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty healthy subjects were assessed in similar sitting position. Two experienced musculoskeletal ultrasound specialists measured supraspinatus tendon thickness. Tendon was measured twice in one day by each of two raters with an interval of one hour for within day reliability and was re-measured following one week for between days reliability. Data analysis was performed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM). [Results] Results reflected excellent within day intra-rater and inter-rater reliability with Mean ± standard deviation (SD)=5.14 ± 0.83 and 5.17 ± 0.78, ICC (2,1)=0.89-0.93 and ICC (2,2)=0.98 (0.95-0.99) and SEM=0.18-0.18 and 0.17 while between days intra-rater rater and inter-rater reliability with Mean ± SD=5.14 ± 0.83 and 5.17 ± 0.78, ICC(2,1)=0.88-0.90 and ICC(2,2)=0.95 (0.88-0.98), SEM=0.17-0.38 and 0.17 [Conclusion] The results of the current study indicate that MSKUS is a reliable tool for measuring supraspinatus tendon thickness in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- University Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad A Mohseni Bandpei
- University Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan.,Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran
| | - S Amir Gilani
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arooj Munawar
- University Institute and Clinics of Physical Therapy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Ahmed
- University Institute and Clinics of Physical Therapy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Tanveer
- University Institute of Physical Therapy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
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164
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Rosas S, Krill MK, Amoo-Achampong K, Kwon K, Nwachukwu BU, McCormick F. A practical, evidence-based, comprehensive (PEC) physical examination for diagnosing pathology of the long head of the biceps. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2017; 26:1484-1492. [PMID: 28479256 PMCID: PMC6427911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical examination of the shoulder joint has gained attention as clinicians aim to use an evidence-based examination of the biceps tendon, with the desire for a proper diagnosis while minimizing costly imaging procedures. The purpose of this study is to create a decision tree analysis that enables the development of a clinical algorithm for diagnosing long head of biceps (LHB) pathology. METHODS A literature review of Level I and II diagnostic studies was conducted to extract characteristics of clinical tests for LHB pathology through a systematic review of PubMed, Medline, Ovid, and Cochrane Review databases. Tests were combined in series and parallel to determine sensitivities and specificities, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were determined for each combination using a subjective pretest probability. The "gold standard" for diagnosis in all included studies was arthroscopy or arthrotomy. RESULTS The optimal testing modality was use of the uppercut test combined with the tenderness to palpation of the biceps tendon test. This combination achieved a sensitivity of 88.4% when performed in parallel and a specificity of 93.8% when performed in series. These tests used in combination optimize post-test probability accuracy greater than any single individual test. CONCLUSION Performing the uppercut test and biceps groove tenderness to palpation test together has the highest sensitivity and specificity of known physical examinations maneuvers to aid in the diagnosis of LHB pathology compared with diagnostic arthroscopy (practical, evidence-based, comprehensive examination). A decision tree analysis aides in the practical, evidence-based, comprehensive examination diagnostic accuracy post-testing based on the ordinal scale pretest probability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rosas
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baptist Health, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael K. Krill
- Florida Atlantic University Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA,Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - KiHyun Kwon
- Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Frank McCormick
- Department of Orthopedics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Sports Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Reprint requests: Frank McCormick, MD, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA02215, USA.
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165
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Singh A, Thukral CL, Gupta K, Singh MI, Lata S, Arora RK. Role and Correlation of High Resolution Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluation of Patients with Shoulder Pain. Pol J Radiol 2017; 82:410-417. [PMID: 28819463 PMCID: PMC5545625 DOI: 10.12659/pjr.901540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study aimed to evaluate of the role of high-resolution ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with shoulder pain. Material/Methods This prospective study included 50 patients referred for ultrasound and MRI because of shoulder pain. All patients were examined clinically, followed by radiography of the affected shoulder. High-resolution ultrasound examination of the involved shoulder was performed together with an examination of the contralateral normal shoulder, followed by MRI of the symptomatic shoulder in all 50 patients. Results In the present study, the majority of patients were in age group 56–65 years, 56% were males and 44% were females (of a total of 50 patients). A total of 40 patients were diagnosed as having rotator cuff tears on ultrasound (USG) and MRI. USG showed complete-thickness tears in 25 patients and partial-thickness tears in 15 patients. MRI detected 28 complete- and 12 partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuff. In the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears, the strength of agreement between ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging was good (kappa coefficient=0.79). Conclusions Ultrasonography of the shoulder shows promising results in the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears and in differentiating partial from complete tears. A wide availability, cost effectiveness and better tolerability of ultrasonography make it a modality of first choice for evaluating rotator cuff tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Singh
- Departmen to Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Shri Guru Ram Das (SGRD) Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Chuni Lal Thukral
- Departmen to Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Shri Guru Ram Das (SGRD) Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kamlesh Gupta
- Departmen to Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Shri Guru Ram Das (SGRD) Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Mahesh Inder Singh
- Departmen to Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Shri Guru Ram Das (SGRD) Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sneh Lata
- Departmen to Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Shri Guru Ram Das (SGRD) Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Ram Krishan Arora
- Departmen to Orthopaedics, Shri Guru Ram Das (SGRD) Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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166
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Müller AM, Flury M, Alsayed HN, Audigé L. Influence of patient and diagnostic parameters on reported retear rates after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017; 25:2089-2099. [PMID: 28255656 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-017-4481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate patient and diagnostic parameters influencing the reported rates of recurrent rotator cuff defects after ARCR. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases were searched for clinical studies on tendon defects after ARCR. Imaging modalities, definitions, detection time points, and other known patient risk factors (patient age, tear severity, grade of fatty infiltration, repair technique) as well as reported defect rates were extracted. A meta-analysis of proportion and meta-regression analysis were used to investigate independent variables influencing reported defect rates. RESULTS Of 109 articles reviewed, the diagnostic studies used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) only (n = 56), ultrasound (US) only (n = 28), MRI or computed tomography (CT) arthrography (CTA, n = 14) or a combination of US, MRI and CTA (n = 11) up to 57 months after ARCR. Definitions of tendon defects were highly variable, including those of partial tendon healing with insufficient thickness defined as either an acceptable outcome (n = 72) or a recurrent defect (n = 22). Reported defect rates demonstrated highly significant heterogeneity between studies and groups. Follow-up time and the evaluation of partial tendon healing were independent factors of the defect rate alongside age, tear severity and repair technique. The type of imaging did not significantly alter defect rates. CONCLUSION A number of specific factors significantly alter the rates of rotator cuff defects reported after ARCR. Standardized protocols in clinical practice are required for consistent diagnosis of recurrent defects after ARCR. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Müller
- Research and Development, Schulthess Clinic, Lengghalde 2, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Flury
- Upper Extremities, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hasan N Alsayed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedics, Dammam University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laurent Audigé
- Research and Development, Schulthess Clinic, Lengghalde 2, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Upper Extremities, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.
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167
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Assunção JH, Godoy-Santos AL, dos Santos MCLG, Malavolta EA, Gracitelli MEC, Ferreira Neto AA. Matrix Metalloproteases 1 and 3 Promoter Gene Polymorphism Is Associated With Rotator Cuff Tear. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2017; 475:1904-1910. [PMID: 28160256 PMCID: PMC5449328 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-017-5271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that the collagen degeneration and disordered arrangement of collagen fibers in rotator cuff tears are associated with an increase in activity of matrix metalloproteases 1 and 3 (MMP-1 and MMP-3), and that MMP activity may be in part genetically mediated. The degree to which this might be clinically relevant in patients with rotator cuff tears has not been well characterized. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Is genetic polymorphism of MMP-1 and MMP-3 associated with rotator cuff tears? (2) Are there haplotypes of MMP-1 and MMP-3 correlated with rotator cuff tears? (3) Compared with control subjects, do patients with rotator cuff tears have a higher proportion of relatives with the same disease? METHODS We evaluated 64 patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears and 64 asymptomatic control subjects. Patients younger 65 years, with nontraumatic tears, were included. The tear or integrity of the rotator cuff tear was evaluated by MRI or ultrasonography in all individuals. The patients and control subjects were paired by age. MMP-1 and MMP-3 genotypes were determined using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays. RESULTS Genetic polymorphisms in MMP-1 and MMP-3 are associated with rotator cuff tear, in which individuals with rotator cuff tears have associated genotypes 1G/2G (patients, 32 of 64 [50%], control subjects, 16 of 64 [25%]; odds ratio [OR], 4.8; 95% CI, 2.1-11.0; p < 0.001) and 2G/2G were at great risk (patients, 15 of 64 [23%], control subjects, seven of 64 [11%]; OR, 5.2; 95% CI,1.8-14.9; p < 0.001), and patients with rotator cuff tears were associated with a higher proportion of 2G allele distribution (62 of 128 [48%] versus 30 of 128 [23%]; p < 0.001). Patients with the 5A/5A genotype are at greater risk of rotator cuff tear (patients, 15 of 64 [23%]; control subjects, four of 64 [6%]; OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.4-20.9; p = 0.021), and there was higher 5A allele distribution in patients with rotator cuff tears (patients, 68 of 128 [53%]; control subjects, 52 of 128 [41%]; p = 0.045). Individuals with the haplotype 2G/5A were more likely to have rotator cuff tears develop (patients, 42 of 64 [66%]; control subjects, 17 of 64 [27%]; OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.5-11.3; p < 0.001). Patients with rotator cuff tears reported, in higher number, the existence of relatives who previously had treatment for rotator cuff tears (19 of 64 [30%] versus four of 64 [6%]; OR, 6.3; 95% CI, 2.0-19.9; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The genetic polymorphism of MMP-1 and MMP-3 is associated with rotator cuff tear. Individuals with haplotype 2G/5A were more susceptible to rotator cuff tears in the population studied. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Knowledge of the genetic markers related to rotator cuff tears can enable identification of susceptible individuals and increase understanding of the pathogenesis of tendon degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge H. Assunção
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos 333, 3rd Floor, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP 05403-010 Brazil
| | - Alexandre L. Godoy-Santos
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos 333, 3rd Floor, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP 05403-010 Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo A. Malavolta
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos 333, 3rd Floor, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP 05403-010 Brazil
| | - Mauro E. C. Gracitelli
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos 333, 3rd Floor, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP 05403-010 Brazil
| | - Arnaldo A. Ferreira Neto
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos 333, 3rd Floor, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP 05403-010 Brazil
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168
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Friedman MV, Hillen TJ, Holland DV, Essenberg JM, Demertzis JL. Impact of Shoulder Sonography on Clinical Decision Making. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2017; 36:1365-1371. [PMID: 28304099 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.16.07013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of musculoskeletal shoulder sonography (US) on clinical decision making. METHODS This Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant retrospective study received Institutional Review Board approval with a waiver of informed consent. Consecutive musculoskeletal shoulder US examinations ordered over a 12-month period were retrospectively reviewed. The medical records of each patient were analyzed, recording immediate pre- and post-US treatment plans. Treatment plans were categorized as follows: 1, no further treatment; 2, conservative management/physical therapy; 3, therapeutic injection; 4, surgical intervention; 5, change in diagnosis; and 6, need additional imaging. Data were analyzed by nonparametric statistical methods. RESULTS A total of 935 patient examinations met inclusion criteria. Of 935 patients, 591 (63.2%) had a post-US treatment plan that differed from pre-US treatment, showing a statistically significant impact on patient treatment (P < .001). In 744 of the 935 examinations (79.6%), the treating physician initially prescribed conservative therapy as a treatment plan; 423 of those 744 patients (56.9%) were subsequently prescribed a more invasive form of treatment. Of the remaining 191 of 935 patients (20.4%) initially treated with invasive treatment, 101 (52.9%) received a change in the treatment plan after the US examinations, with 46 patients (24.1%) relegated to noninvasive treatment. Sonography also played a role in surgical planning, with 25 studies (2.7%) specifically performed to evaluate rotator cuff integrity when deciding between conventional and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS Musculoskeletal shoulder US has a substantial impact on clinical decision making and patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Friedman
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Travis J Hillen
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St Louis, Missouri USA
| | - David V Holland
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St Louis, Missouri USA
| | - James M Essenberg
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St Louis, Missouri USA
| | - Jennifer L Demertzis
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St Louis, Missouri USA
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169
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Jeon YS, Kim RG, Shin SJ. What Influence Does Progression of a Nonhealing Rotator Cuff Tear Have on Shoulder Pain and Function? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2017; 475:1596-1604. [PMID: 28290117 PMCID: PMC5406339 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-017-5251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been numerous reports of clinical outcomes associated with tendon healing after repair that suggest a nonhealed tendon has a negative effect on postoperative clinical outcomes. However, to our knowledge, there has been no report on the relationship between tear size progression of nonhealed tendons and clinical outcomes. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Do patients with healed arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs have better outcomes, less pain, and more strength than patients whose repair did not heal? (2) In patients with nonhealed rotator cuff tendons, does tear size progression (increase or decrease) affect outcomes, pain, and strength? (3) Is there continued improvement beyond 6 months in outcomes, pain, and strength; and how do the improvements differ based on whether the tear size has increased or decreased? METHODS Between May 2008 and December 2012, 647 patients underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for full-thickness tears at our institution. Of those, 442 patients (68%) had all MRI and clinical information available to permit inclusion in this retrospective study at a minimum of 2 years followup (mean, 33 ± 4 months; range, 24-43 months). Healing of the repaired tendon and tear size progression were assessed using MRI at 6 months postoperatively. Eighty-two of 442 tears (19%) were not healed. Of the nonhealed tears, 45 (55%) had a decrease and 37 (45%) had an increase in tear size. Shoulder function outcomes using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon (ASES) and Constant scores and pain severity using VAS scores were evaluated preoperatively, at 6 months postoperatively, and at the latest followup. Isometric muscle strength was measured at 6 months postoperatively and at the latest followup. RESULTS Compared with patients with nonhealed tendons after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, patients with healed repairs had improved ASES scores (healed, 93 ± 5; nonhealed, 89 ± 8; mean difference, 4; 95% CI, 3-5; p < 0.001), better Constant scores (healed, 91 ± 5; nonhealed, 85 ± 8; mean difference, 6; 95% CI, 4-7; p < 0.001), and greater strength ([flexion: healed, 96% ± 7%; nonhealed, 85% ± 12%; mean difference, 11%; 95% CI, 9%-13%; p < 0.001]; [external rotation: healed, 92% ± 8%; nonhealed, 80% ± 12%; mean difference, 11%; 95% CI, 9%-14%; p < 0.001]; [internal rotation: healed, 97% ± 8%; nonhealed, 92% ± 8%; mean difference, 5%; 95% CI, 3%-7%; p < 0.001]); however there was no difference in pain level based on VAS scores (healed, 0.9 ± 0.8; nonhealed, 1.0 ± 0.8; mean difference, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.0-0.4; p = 0.226). Compared with patients with increased tear size, patients with decreased tear size had better ASES scores (decreased, 91 ± 6; increased, 8 6 ± 8; p = 0.001), improved Constant scores (decreased, 88 ± 6; increased, 82 ± 9; p = 0.003), greater flexion strength (decreased, 91% ± 9%; increased, 78% ± 11%; p < 0.001), and greater external rotation strength (decreased, 86% ± 10%; increased, 73% ± 11%; p < 0.001). However, the difference does not seem to meet a minimal clinically important difference. Patients with increased tear size differed from those with decreased tear size with respect to flexion and external rotation strength where the former had no improvement. There was no improvement in flexion (6 months, 78% ± 11%; latest followup, 78% ± 11%; p = 0.806) and external rotation strength (6 months, 74% ± 12%; latest followup, 73% ± 11%; p = 0.149). CONCLUSIONS Patients who had healed tendons after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair had better shoulder function than patients who had nonhealed tendons. Among patients with nonhealed rotator cuff tendons after surgery, those with decreased tear size, observed on their 6-month postoperative MRI, compared with their initial tear size, showed better shoulder function and muscle strength than those with increased tear size beyond 6 months. Although results are statistically different, they seem insufficient to achieve clinically important differences. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, therapeutic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Sang Jeon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985 Korea
| | - Rag Gyu Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985 Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985 Korea
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170
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Abat F, Alfredson H, Cucchiarini M, Madry H, Marmotti A, Mouton C, Oliveira JM, Pereira H, Peretti GM, Romero-Rodriguez D, Spang C, Stephen J, van Bergen CJA, de Girolamo L. Current trends in tendinopathy: consensus of the ESSKA basic science committee. Part I: biology, biomechanics, anatomy and an exercise-based approach. J Exp Orthop 2017; 4:18. [PMID: 28560707 PMCID: PMC5449348 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-017-0092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic tendinopathies represent a major problem in the clinical practice of sports orthopaedic surgeons, sports doctors and other health professionals involved in the treatment of athletes and patients that perform repetitive actions. The lack of consensus relative to the diagnostic tools and treatment modalities represents a management dilemma for these professionals. With this review, the purpose of the ESSKA Basic Science Committee is to establish guidelines for understanding, diagnosing and treating this complex pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Abat
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, ReSport Clinic, Passeig Fabra i Puig 47, 08030, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - H Alfredson
- Sports Medicine Unit, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden.,Alfredson Tendon Clinic Inc, Umeå, Sweden.,Pure Sports Medicine Clinic, ISEH, UCLH, London, UK
| | - M Cucchiarini
- Molecular Biology, Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstr Bldg 37, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - H Madry
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Orthopädie und Arthroseforschung, Universität des Saarlandes, Gebäude 37, Kirrbergerstr 1, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - A Marmotti
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - C Mouton
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinique d'Eich-Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 76, rue d'Eich, L-1460, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - J M Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, GMR, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - H Pereira
- 3B's Research Group University of Minho, ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.,Orthopedic Department Centro Hospitalar Póvoa de Varzim, Vila do Conde, Portugal.,Ripoll y De Prado Sports Clinic - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Murcia, Madrid, Spain
| | - G M Peretti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - D Romero-Rodriguez
- Department of Physical Therapy and Sports Rehabilitation, ReSport Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,EUSES Sports Science, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - C Spang
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy Section, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Stephen
- Fortius Clinic, 17 Fitzhardinge St, London, W1H 6EQ, UK.,The Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - C J A van Bergen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amphia Hospital Breda, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - L de Girolamo
- Orthopaedic Biotechnology Laboratory, Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
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171
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Hougs Kjær B, Ellegaard K, Wieland I, Warming S, Juul-Kristensen B. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the standardized ultrasound protocol for assessing subacromial structures. Physiother Theory Pract 2017; 33:398-409. [DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2017.1318419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Hougs Kjær
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Ellegaard
- Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ina Wieland
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan Warming
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgit Juul-Kristensen
- Research Unit of Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Department of Health Sciences, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
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172
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Tran G, Hensor EMA, Ray A, Kingsbury SR, O'Connor P, Conaghan PG. Ultrasound-detected pathologies cluster into groups with different clinical outcomes: data from 3000 community referrals for shoulder pain. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:30. [PMID: 28183338 PMCID: PMC5304553 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasound is increasingly used to evaluate shoulder pain, but the benefits of this are unclear. In this study, we examined whether ultrasound-defined pathologies have implications for clinical outcomes. Methods We extracted reported pathologies from 3000 ultrasound scans of people with shoulder pain referred from primary care. In latent class analysis (LCA), we identified whether individual pathologies clustered in groups. Optimal group number was determined by the minimum Bayesian information criterion. A questionnaire was sent to all patients scanned over a 12-month period (n = 2322). Data collected included demographics, treatments received, current pain and function. The relationship between pathology-defined groups and clinical outcomes was examined. Results LCA revealed four groups: (1) bursitis with limited inflammation elsewhere (n = 1280), (2) bursitis with extensive inflammation (n = 595), (3) rotator cuff tears (n = 558) and (4) limited pathology (n = 567). A total of 777 subjects (33%) completed questionnaires. The median (IQR) duration post-ultrasound scan was 25 (22–29) months. Subsequent injections were most common in groups 1 and 2 (groups 1–4 76%, 67%, 48% and 61%, respectively); surgery was most common in group 3 (groups 1–4 23%, 21%, 28% and 16%, respectively). Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores were highest in group 3 (median 48 and 30, respectively) and lowest in group 4 (median 32 and 9, respectively). Patients in group 4 who had surgery reported poor outcomes. Conclusions In a community-based population, we identified clusters of pathologies on the basis of ultrasound. Our retrospective data suggest that these groups have different treatment pathways and outcomes. This requires replication in a prospective study to determine the value of a pathology-based classification in people with shoulder pain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1235-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Tran
- Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, 2nd Floor, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Elizabeth M A Hensor
- Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, 2nd Floor, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Aaron Ray
- Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, 2nd Floor, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Sarah R Kingsbury
- Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, 2nd Floor, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Philip O'Connor
- Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, 2nd Floor, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Philip G Conaghan
- Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, 2nd Floor, Chapeltown Road, Leeds, LS7 4SA, UK. .,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nottingham, UK.
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173
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Jo YH, Lee KH, Kim SJ, Kim J, Lee BG. National Trends in Surgery for Rotator Cuff Disease in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:357-364. [PMID: 28049250 PMCID: PMC5220005 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.2.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the national trends in rotator cuff surgery in Korea and analyze hospital type-specific trends. We analyzed a nationwide database acquired from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) from 2007 to 2015. International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes, procedure codes, and arthroscopic device code were used to identify patients who underwent surgical treatment for rotator cuff disease. A total of 383,719 cases of rotator cuff surgeries were performed from 2007 to 2015. The mean annual percentage change in the age-adjusted rate of rotator cuff surgery per population of 100,000 persons rapidly increased from 2007 to 2012 (53.3%, P < 0.001), while that between 2012 to 2015 remained steady (2.3%, P = 0.34). The proportion of arthroscopic surgery among all rotator cuff surgeries steadily rose from 89.9% in 2007 to 96.8% in 2015 (P < 0.001). In terms of hospital types, the rate of rotator cuff surgery increased to the greatest degree in hospitals with 30-100 inpatient beds, and isolated acromioplasty procedure accounted for a larger proportion of the rotator cuff surgeries in small hospitals and clinics compared to large hospitals. Overall, our findings indicate that cases of rotator cuff surgery have increased rapidly recently in Korea, of which arthroscopic surgeries account for the greatest proportion. While rotator cuff surgery is a popular procedure that is commonly performed even in small hospitals, there was a difference in the component ratio of the procedure code in accordance with hospital type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Jo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, KEPCO Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaedong Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Gun Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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174
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Abstract
Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is a very common cause of shoulder pain in the young adults. It can cause debilitating pain, dysfunction, and affects the activities of daily living. It represents a spectrum of pathology ranging from bursitis to rotator cuff tendinopathy which can ultimately lead to degenerative tear of the rotator cuff. Various theories and concepts have been described and it is still a matter of debate. However, most published studies suggest that both extrinsic and intrinsic factors have a role in the development of SIS. The management is controversial as both nonoperative and operative treatments have shown to provide good results. This article aims to provide a comprehensive current concepts review of the pathogenesis, etiologies, clinical diagnosis, appropriate use of investigations, and discussion on the management of SIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijayendra Singh
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham, Kent ME7 5NY, UK,Address for correspondence: Prof. Bijayendra Singh, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Level 3, Green Zone, Windmill Road, Gillingham, Kent ME7 5NY, UK. E-mail:
| | - Nik Bakti
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham, Kent ME7 5NY, UK
| | - Abhinav Gulihar
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham, Kent ME7 5NY, UK
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175
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Abstract
Background: Ultrasound is a versatile imaging modality that can be used by upper extremity surgeons for diagnostic purposes and guided injections. The perceptions of ultrasound for diagnosis and treatment among upper extremity surgeons and its barriers for adoption have not been formally surveyed. The purpose of this study is to determine the current usage of musculoskeletal ultrasound for diagnostic purposes and guided injections by upper extremity surgeons and their reasons for using it or not using it in practice. Methods: A 22-question survey was distributed to the American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH). The survey questions consisted of respondent characteristic questions and questions pertaining to the use of ultrasound. Chi-square analysis was performed to assess for a difference in ultrasound usage across respondent characteristics. Results: Three hundred four (43%) answered that they have an ultrasound machine in their office; Fifty-one percent (362) of the respondents use ultrasound for diagnostic purposes. Fifty-five (8%) of the survey respondents use ultrasound to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome; 168 (23.5%) respondents reported that they use ultrasound for guided injections. There was a statistically significant difference between access to an ultrasound machine in the office by practice setting and use of ultrasound for diagnostic purposes by practice setting. Conclusions: The use of ultrasound by upper extremity surgeons is split for diagnostic purposes, with fewer surgeons using ultrasound to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome and guided injections. Ultrasound machine availability and the use of ultrasound for diagnosis appear to be influenced by practice setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L. Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Kruse
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John R. Fowler
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA,John R. Fowler, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Suite 1010, Kaufmann Bldg., 3471 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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176
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Sealey P, Lewis J. Rotator cuff tears: is non-surgical management effective? PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2016.1271504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sealey
- Ashford & St. Peter’s Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey, England, UK
| | - Jeremy Lewis
- Department of Allied Health Professions and Midwifery, School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, England, UK
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177
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Möller I, Szkudlarek M. Imaging of regional pain syndromes; from syndromes to conditions using imaging? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2016; 30:707-719. [PMID: 27931963 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal regional pain syndromes often lead to patient referrals in general and rheumatological practice. Detailed history taking and clinical examination can in most cases reveal the cause for pain and direct the subsequent management of the conditions. Yet, when in doubt, imaging methods have to support the clinical assessment. This paper presents the underlying pathologies of the most frequently encountered regional pain syndromes and the role of musculoskeletal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in their visualization. It presents data, where available, on diagnostic accuracy and comparisons with gold standards. The article stresses the advantages and disadvantages of the analyzed imaging modalities and suggests the future research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Möller
- Instituto Poal de Reumatologia, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Rheumatology, Zealand's University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark.
| | - Marcin Szkudlarek
- Department of Rheumatology, Zealand's University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark
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178
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Abstract
Shoulder pain is commonly treated in general practice; its causes are often multi-factorial. The focus of this article is on sports-related shoulder injuries likely to be seen in the community. This article aims to overview the presentation, assessment and management of these conditions in general practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Leung
- Freelance Locum GP, Sutton United Football Club Doctor, MSc student in Sports and Exercise Medicine, London
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179
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Amoo-Achampong K, Nwachukwu BU, McCormick F. An orthopedist's guide to shoulder ultrasound: a systematic review of examination protocols. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2016; 44:407-416. [PMID: 27548649 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2016.1222224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utilization of musculoskeletal ultrasound has expanded within the setting of the orthopedic clinic as a cost-effective, point-of-care diagnostic tool for shoulder pathology. In experienced hands, ultrasound exhibits capabilities equivalent to that of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of many shoulder diseases including full-thickness and partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. Although similarly effective in identifying additional shoulder disease processes, major obstacles to its widespread use include user dependence and intrinsic limitation to extra-articular diagnosis. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to present a step-by-step guide of how to perform a comprehensive shoulder examination and to discuss the appropriate use, economic benefit and implementation of ultrasound within the clinic. METHODS A systematic search (June 2016) of PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for literature presenting shoulder ultrasound examination protocols. Included studies were peer-reviewed articles or academic society endorsed protocols presenting comprehensive sonographic examinations of the adult shoulder. Papers with limited or single structure examination descriptions, non-English language, and publication dates before 1980 were excluded. Final papers meeting criteria were secondarily screened for publication after 2005 to reflect the current state of ultrasound imaging. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The search yielded 1,725 unique articles with 17 studies meeting final selection criteria. Information from identified studies was summarized to formulate a 4-part shoulder examination protocol, including steps most pertinent to orthopedic in-office diagnoses. In agreement with previous studies, the inexperienced orthopedic surgeon can be quickly trained to expert level proficiency in shoulder ultrasound diagnosis. Using an established protocol, a comprehensive, yet effective shoulder ultrasound examination can be performed within ten minutes. Further, ultrasound provides opportunity to off-set costs through the engagement of revenue generating activity for the orthopedic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelms Amoo-Achampong
- a Sports Medicine and Shoulder Division , SOAR Institute , Pompano Beach , FL , USA
| | - Benedict U Nwachukwu
- b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Hospital for Special Surgery , New York , NY , USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- a Sports Medicine and Shoulder Division , SOAR Institute , Pompano Beach , FL , USA
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180
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Razmjou H, Lincoln S, Geddes C, Boljanovic D, Macritchie I, Virdo-Cristello C, Medeiros D, Richards RR. Management of Acute Work-Related Shoulder Injuries by an Early Shoulder Assessment Program: Efficiency of Imaging Investigations. Physiother Can 2016; 68:357-366. [PMID: 27904235 DOI: 10.3138/ptc.2015-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: There has been a significant increase in the number of costly investigations of the shoulder joint over the past decade. The purposes of this study were to (1) describe the diagnostic imaging investigations ordered for injured workers seen at an Early Shoulder Physician Assessment (ESPA) program, (2) evaluate the impact of these investigations on final diagnosis and management, and (3) examine how efficient the program was by determining the appropriateness of referrals and whether costly imaging was justified. Methods: This was a retrospective review of the electronic files of injured workers who had been referred to an early assessment program because they had not progressed in their recovery or return-to-work plan within 16 weeks of the injury or reoccurrence. Results: The data of 750 consecutive patients-337 women (45%) and 413 men (55%), mean age 49 (SD 11) years-were reviewed. A total of 183 patients (24%) had been referred for further investigation. Of these, 90 (49%) were considered candidates for surgery (group 1), 58 (32%) had a change in diagnosis or management (group 2), and 17 (9%) had no change in diagnosis or management (group 3); 18 (10%) patients were lost to follow-up. We noticed a pattern in the type of diagnosis and the groups: full-thickness rotator cuff (RC) tear was the predominant diagnosis (Fisher's exact test [FET]=0.001, p<0.0001) for group 1. No statistically significant differences were found among the groups in the prevalence of labral pathology (FET=0.010, p=0.078), impingement syndrome (FET=0.012, p=0.570), partial-thickness RC tear (FET=0.004, p=0.089), or biceps pathology (FET=0.070, p=0.149). Ultrasound investigations were more prevalent in group 2 (FET=0.004, p=0.047). No pattern was found for use of magnetic resonance imaging and group allocation. However, all magnetic resonance arthrogram investigations (FET=0.007, p=0.027) had been ordered for patients who required labral or instability-related surgery. Conclusions: Of the injured workers we studied, 24% had further investigation, and the type and severity of pathology had affected the type of investigation. For the 165 patients who were included in groups 1-3, the ESPA was 90% efficient, with only 10% of patients not having had a change in diagnosis or management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Razmjou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Holland Orthopaedic & Arthritic Centre; Sunnybrook Research Institute; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Sandra Lincoln
- Department of Rehabilitation, Holland Orthopaedic & Arthritic Centre; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Christopher Geddes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Holland Orthopaedic & Arthritic Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Dragana Boljanovic
- Department of Rehabilitation, Holland Orthopaedic & Arthritic Centre; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Iona Macritchie
- Department of Rehabilitation, Holland Orthopaedic & Arthritic Centre
| | | | - Danielle Medeiros
- Department of Rehabilitation, Holland Orthopaedic & Arthritic Centre
| | - Robin R Richards
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Holland Orthopaedic & Arthritic Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont
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181
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Kim K, Kim HG, Song D, Yoon JY, Chung ME. Ultrasound Dimensions of the Rotator Cuff and Other Associated Structures in Korean Healthy Adults. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:1472-8. [PMID: 27510393 PMCID: PMC4974191 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.9.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In evaluating patients complaining of shoulder pain, ultrasonography is an emerging imaging tool due to convenience, low cost, high sensitivity and specificity. However, normative values of ultrasound dimensions of the shoulder to be compared with pathologic findings in Korean adults are not provided yet. We evaluated the ultrasound dimensions of the rotator cuff, long head of biceps tendon, deltoid muscle and acromioclavicular joint in Korean healthy adults. Shoulder ultrasonography was performed on 200 shoulders from 100 healthy adults. The dimensions of the thickness of rotator cuff (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis tendon), deltoid muscle, long head of biceps tendon, subacromial subdeltoid bursa, and acromioclavicular joint interval were measured in a standardized manner. Differences in measurements among sex, age, and dominant arms were compared. The thickness of rotator cuff tendons (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis) and deltoid muscle were significantly different between men and women. The thickness of subacromial subdeltoid bursa was significantly different between men and women for non-dominant side. In rotator cuff tendon measurements, the differences between dominant and non-dominant shoulders were not significant, which means the asymptomatic contralateral shoulder can be used to estimate the normal reference values. When stratified by age divided by 10 years, the measurements of supraspinatus, subscapularis and deltoid thickness showed tendency of increase with the age. The acromioclavicular joint interval, on the other hand, revealed decreasing tendency. This report suggests normative values of ultrasound dimensions of healthy Korean population with varying age, and can be useful as reference values in evaluating shoulder pathology, especially in rotator cuff tendon pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongwon Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Geum Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daeheon Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Yoon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Eun Chung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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182
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Reducing Unnecessary Shoulder MRI Examinations Within a Capitated Health Care System: A Potential Role for Shoulder Ultrasound. J Am Coll Radiol 2016; 13:780-7. [PMID: 27162045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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183
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Abstract
Purpose of review Healthcare costs have exploded in the past 30 years and they are a major concern for governments worldwide. Care management of musculoskeletal disorders and advanced imaging account for a large part of this socioeconomic burden. Recent findings Musculoskeletal ultrasound is now performed primarily by nonradiologists. Both musculoskeletal ultrasound and MRI total utilization rates continue to increase. Despite the existence of evidence-based diagnostic recommendations and the potential cost-savings of using musculoskeletal ultrasound instead of MRI in certain clinical situations, ensuring appropriate use of imaging among health professionals remains difficult for various reasons. Summary In the context of healthcare budgets restraints, use of imaging must be shown scientifically, to improve patient outcomes and be cost-effective. Current evidence recommends musculoskeletal ultrasound as the primary imaging modality in the investigation of rotator cuff disease. Policies aiming at ensuring the application of imaging guidelines among physicians are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie J Bureau
- Department of Radiology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 1058 St-Denis street, Montreal, QC H2X 3J4 Canada ; Research center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Daniela Ziegler
- Library, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
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184
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Spargoli G. PARTIAL ARTICULAR SUPRASPINATUS TENDON AVULSION (PASTA) LESION. CURRENT CONCEPTS IN REHABILITATION. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2016; 11:462-481. [PMID: 27274431 PMCID: PMC4886813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rotator cuff pathology can contribute to shoulder pain and may affect the performance of sport activities, work, and activities of daily living. The partial articular supraspinatus tendon avulsion (PASTA) lesion represents a very common type of rotator cuff pathology seen in rehabilitation. When conservative treatment fails, surgery is generally required. Success of recovery depends on several factors, including: repair techniques, healing process related to timing, rehabilitation programs, and patient compliance with home exercises. To date, most treatment modalities and rehabilitation programs are based on clinical experience rather than scientific evidence. Therefore, the purpose of this clinical commentary is to provide an overview on the PASTA lesion, discuss the common treatment approaches adopted to date and to propose a rehabilitation program based on the available scientific evidence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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185
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Sambandam SN, Khanna V, Gul A, Mounasamy V. Rotator cuff tears: An evidence based approach. World J Orthop 2015; 6:902-918. [PMID: 26716086 PMCID: PMC4686437 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v6.i11.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lesions of the rotator cuff (RC) are a common occurrence affecting millions of people across all parts of the globe. RC tears are also rampantly prevalent with an age-dependent increase in numbers. Other associated factors include a history of trauma, limb dominance, contralateral shoulder, smoking-status, hypercholesterolemia, posture and occupational dispositions. The challenge lies in early diagnosis since a high proportion of patients are asymptomatic. Pain and decreasing shoulder power and function should alert the heedful practitioner in recognizing promptly the onset or aggravation of existing RC tears. Partial-thickness tears (PTT) can be bursal-sided or articular-sided tears. Over the course of time, PTT enlarge and propagate into full-thickness tears (FTT) and develop distinct chronic pathological changes due to muscle retraction, fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy. These lead to a reduction in tendon elasticity and viability. Eventually, the glenohumeral joint experiences a series of degenerative alterations - cuff tear arthropathy. To avert this, a vigilant clinician must utilize and corroborate clinical skill and radiological findings to identify tear progression. Modern radio-diagnostic means of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging provide excellent visualization of structural details and are crucial in determining further course of action for these patients. Physical therapy along with activity modifications, anti-inflammatory and analgesic medications form the pillars of nonoperative treatment. Elderly patients with minimal functional demands can be managed conservatively and reassessed at frequent intervals. Regular monitoring helps in isolating patients who require surgical interventions. Early surgery should be considered in younger, active and symptomatic, healthy patients. In addition to being cost-effective, this helps in providing a functional shoulder with a stable cuff. An easily reproducible technique of maximal strength and sturdiness should by chosen among the armamentarium of the shoulder surgeon. Grade 1 PTTs do well with debridement while more severe lesions mandate repair either by trans-tendon technique or repair following conversion into FTT. Early repair of repairable FTT can avoid appearance and progression of disability and weakness. The choice of surgery varies from surgeon-to-surgeon with arthroscopy taking the lead in the current scenario. The double-row repairs have an edge over the single-row technique in some patients especially those with massive tears. Stronger, cost-effective and improved functional scores can be obtained by the former. Both early and delayed postoperative rehabilitation programmes have led to comparable outcomes. Guarded results may be anticipated in patients in extremes of age, presence of comorbidities and severe tear patters. Overall, satisfactory results are obtained with timely diagnosis and execution of the appropriate treatment modality.
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186
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Naghdi S, Nakhostin Ansari N, Rustaie N, Akbari M, Ebadi S, Senobari M, Hasson S. Simple shoulder test and Oxford Shoulder Score: Persian translation and cross-cultural validation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2015; 135:1707-18. [PMID: 26386837 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-015-2330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the simple shoulder test (SST) and Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) into Persian language using a cross-sectional and prospective cohort design. METHODS A standard forward and backward translation was followed to culturally adapt the SST and the OSS into Persian language. Psychometric properties of floor and ceiling effects, construct convergent validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, standard error of the measurement (SEM), smallest detectable change (SDC), and factor structure were determined. RESULTS One hundred patients with shoulder disorders and 50 healthy subjects participated in the study. The PSST and the POSS showed no missing responses. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Both the PSST and POSS detected differences between patients and healthy subjects supporting their discriminant validity. Construct convergent validity was confirmed by a very good correlation between the PSST and POSS (r = 0.68). There was high internal consistency for both the PSST (α = 0.73) and the POSS (α = 0.91 and 0.92). Test-retest reliability with 1-week interval was excellent (ICCagreement = 0.94 for PSST and 0.90 for POSS). Factor analyses demonstrated a three-factor solution for the PSST (49.7 % of variance) and a two-factor solution for the POSS (61.6 % of variance). The SEM/SDC was satisfactory for PSST (5.5/15.3) and POSS (6.8/18.8). CONCLUSIONS The PSST and POSS are valid and reliable outcome measures for assessing functional limitations in Persian-speaking patients with shoulder disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soofia Naghdi
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Ave, Pitch-e-shemiran, 11489, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Ave, Pitch-e-shemiran, 11489, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nilufar Rustaie
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Ave, Pitch-e-shemiran, 11489, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akbari
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safoora Ebadi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Senobari
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Ave, Pitch-e-shemiran, 11489, Tehran, Iran
| | - Scott Hasson
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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187
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Quantitative assessment of rotator cuff muscle elasticity: Reliability and feasibility of shear wave elastography. J Biomech 2015; 48:3853-8. [PMID: 26472309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging has been used to evaluate various shoulder pathologies, whereas, quantification of the rotator cuff muscle stiffness using shear wave elastography (SWE) has not been verified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and feasibility of SWE measurements for the quantification of supraspinatus (SSP) muscle elasticity. Thirty cadaveric shoulders (18 intact and 12 with torn rotator cuff) were used. Intra- and inter-observer reliability was evaluated on an established SWE technique for measuring the SSP muscle elasticity. To assess the effect of overlying soft tissues above the SSP muscle, SWE values were measured with the transducer placed on the skin, on the subcutaneous fat after removing the skin, on the trapezius muscle after removing the subcutaneous fat, and directly on the SSP muscle. In addition, SWE measurements on 4 shoulder positions (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° abduction) were compared in those with/without rotator cuff tears. Intra- and inter-observer reliability of SWE measurements were excellent for all regions in SSP muscle. Also, removing the overlying soft tissue showed no significant difference on SWE values measured in the SSP muscle. The SSP muscle with 0° abduction showed large SWE values, whereas, shoulders with large-massive tear showed smaller variation throughout the adduction-abduction positions. SWE is a reliable and feasible tool for quantitatively assessing the SSP muscle elasticity. This study also presented SWE measurements on the SSP muscle under various shoulder abduction positions which might help characterize patterns in accordance to the size of rotator cuff tears.
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188
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Collin P, Yoshida M, Delarue A, Lucas C, Jossaume T, Lädermann A. Evaluating postoperative rotator cuff healing: Prospective comparison of MRI and ultrasound. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2015; 101:S265-8. [PMID: 26283053 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this prospective comparative single centre study was to compare postoperative rotator cuff healing rates as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) versus ultrasonography (US). MATERIAL AND METHODS Between October 2012 and February 2013, 61 patients underwent arthroscopic repair of postero-superior rotator cuff tears. Each patient underwent MRI and US 6 months later. The findings were assessed independently by two observers. We compared intra-observer and inter-observer levels of agreement regarding healing rates assessed by MRI and US. RESULTS Intra-observer agreement regarding the MRI interpretation was 95% (κ coefficient, 0.83) for one observer and 98% (κ coefficient, 0.94) for the other. Values of κ for inter-observer agreement ranged across readings from 0.76 to 0.90. When MRI was taken as the reference, US had 80% sensitivity and 98% specificity. DISCUSSION MRI and US provide similar assessments of postoperative rotator cuff healing, although US is less sensitive. Intra-observer and inter-observer agreements are very good.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Collin
- Centre Hospitalier Privé Saint-Grégoire, boulevard Boutière 6, 35768 Saint-Grégoire cedex, France.
| | - M Yoshida
- Centre Hospitalier Privé Saint-Grégoire, boulevard Boutière 6, 35768 Saint-Grégoire cedex, France; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Delarue
- Service de kinésithérapie, Unité de Réadaptation Fonctionnelle en Milieu Professionnel Le Patis Fraux, 35770 Vern-sur-Seiche, France
| | - C Lucas
- Centre Hospitalier Privé Saint-Grégoire, boulevard Boutière 6, 35768 Saint-Grégoire cedex, France
| | - T Jossaume
- Centre Hospitalier Privé Saint-Grégoire, boulevard Boutière 6, 35768 Saint-Grégoire cedex, France
| | - A Lädermann
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie de l'appareil moteur, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland; Faculté de médecine, Université de Genève, rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie de l'appareil moteur, Hôpital de La Tour, rue J.-D.-Maillard 3, 1217 Meyrin, Switzerland
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