Hadsell DL, Bonnette SG. IGF and insulin action in the mammary gland: lessons from transgenic and knockout models.
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2000;
5:19-30. [PMID:
10791765 DOI:
10.1023/a:1009559014703]
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Abstract
Transgenic and knockout mice have become valuable experimental systems with which to study specific molecular events within the mammary gland of an intact animal. These models have provided a wealth of information about the effects of a number of oncogenes and growth factors. This review focuses on results obtained from the application of transgenic and knockout models to determine the roles of insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGF) in the regulation of mammary gland development, lactation and tumorigenesis. Transgenic models which overexpress IGF-I or -II display specific alterations in mammary gland development and an increased incidence of mammary tumors. Analysis of mammary gland development in knockout mice which are deficient in IGF-I or the IGF-I receptor supports the conclusion that the IGF system is important for normal mammary gland development. This review discusses these observations in detail and attempts to fit them into a larger picture of IGF and insulin action in the mammary gland.
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