151
|
Savikko J, Rintala JM, Rintala S, Koskinen P. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition by erlotinib prevents vascular smooth muscle cell and monocyte–macrophage function in vitro. Transpl Immunol 2015; 32:175-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
152
|
Combining AKT inhibition with chloroquine and gefitinib prevents compensatory autophagy and induces cell death in EGFR mutated NSCLC cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4765-78. [PMID: 24946858 PMCID: PMC4148097 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR mutation positive (EGFR M+) tumors initially respond well to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy, the responses are usually incomplete. In this study we show that AKT inhibition, most importantly AKT2 inhibition, synergises with EGFR TKI inhibition to increase cell killing in EGFR M+ NSCLC cells. However, our data also suggest that the synergistic pro-apoptotic effects may be stunted due to a prosurvival autophagy response induced by AKT inhibition. Consequently, inhibiting autophagy with chloroquine significantly enhanced tumor cell death induced by gefitinib and AKT inhibitors in EGFR M+ cells in vitro, and produced greater tumor shrinkage in EGFR M+ xenografts in vivo. Together, our findings suggest that adding chloroquine to EGFR and AKT inhibition has the potential to improve tumor responses in EGFR M+ NSCLC, and that selective targeting of AKT2 may provide a new treatment option in NSCLC.
Collapse
|
153
|
Grimminger F, Günther A, Vancheri C. The role of tyrosine kinases in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2015; 45:1426-33. [PMID: 25745048 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00149614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with a median survival time from diagnosis of 2-3 years. Although the pathogenic pathways have not been fully elucidated, IPF is believed to be caused by persistent epithelial injury in genetically susceptible individuals. Tyrosine kinases are involved in a range of signalling pathways that are essential for cellular homeostasis. However, there is substantial evidence from in vitro studies and animal models that receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the platelet-derived growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and fibroblast growth factor receptor, and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the Src family, play critical roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. For example, the expression and release of tyrosine kinases are altered in patients with IPF, while specific tyrosine kinases stimulate the proliferation of lung fibroblasts in vitro. Agents that inhibit tyrosine kinases have shown anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib has shown positive results in two phase III trials in patients with IPF. Here, we summarise the evidence for involvement of specific tyrosine kinases in the pathogenesis of IPF and the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as treatments for IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Grimminger
- Dept of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, ILD Program, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carlo Vancheri
- "Regional Centre for Rare Lung Diseases", Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Tulalamba W, Larbcharoensub N, Sirachainan E, Tantiwetrueangdet A, Janvilisri T. Transcriptome meta-analysis reveals dysregulated pathways in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5931-42. [PMID: 25724187 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant cancer arising from the epithelial surface of the nasopharynx that mostly appears in advanced stages of the disease, leading to a poor prognosis. To date, a number of mRNA profiling investigations on NPC have been reported in order to identify suitable biomarkers for early detection. However, the results may be specific to each study with distinct sample types. In this study, an integrative meta-analysis of NPC transcriptome data was performed to determine dysregulated pathways, potentially leading to identification of molecular markers. Ten independent NPC gene expression profiling microarray datasets, including 135 samples from NPC cell lines, primary cell lines, and tissues were assimilated into a meta-analysis and cross-validation to identify a cohort of genes that were significantly dysregulated in NPC. Bioinformatics analyses of these genes revealed the significant pathways and individual players involving in cellular metabolism, cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, as well as ErbB pathway. Altogether, we propose that dysregulation of these molecular pathways in NPC might play a role in the NPC pathogenesis, providing clues, which could eventually translate into diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warut Tulalamba
- Graduate Programme in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
155
|
Toporkiewicz M, Meissner J, Matusewicz L, Czogalla A, Sikorski AF. Toward a magic or imaginary bullet? Ligands for drug targeting to cancer cells: principles, hopes, and challenges. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1399-414. [PMID: 25733832 PMCID: PMC4337502 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s74514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many problems directly correlated with the systemic administration of drugs and how they reach their target site. Targeting promises to be a hopeful strategy as an improved means of drug delivery, with reduced toxicity and minimal adverse side effects. Targeting exploits the high affinity of cell-surface-targeted ligands, either directly or as carriers for a drug, for specific retention and uptake by the targeted diseased cells. One of the most important parameters which should be taken into consideration in the selection of an appropriate ligand for targeting is the binding affinity (K D). In this review we focus on the importance of binding affinities of monoclonal antibodies, antibody derivatives, peptides, aptamers, DARPins, and small targeting molecules in the process of selection of the most suitable ligand for targeting of nanoparticles. In order to provide a critical comparison between these various options, we have also assessed each technology format across a range of parameters such as molecular size, immunogenicity, costs of production, clinical profiles, and examples of the level of selectivity and toxicity of each. Wherever possible, we have also assessed how incorporating such a targeted approach compares with, or is superior to, original treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Toporkiewicz
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Meissner
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lucyna Matusewicz
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksander F Sikorski
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Ozbilgin K, Karaca F, Turan A, Köse C, Vatansever S, Ozcakir T. The higher heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) in missed abortion. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 54:13-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
157
|
Wang X, Batty KM, Crowe PJ, Goldstein D, Yang JL. The Potential of panHER Inhibition in Cancer. Front Oncol 2015; 5:2. [PMID: 25674538 PMCID: PMC4309158 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Hyper-activation of the HER (erbB) family receptors, HER 1-4, leads to up-regulation of the three vital signaling pathways: mitogen activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT, and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways. Blocking HER1/EGFR has a limited anticancer effect due to either secondary mutation e.g., T790M or by-pass signaling of other HER members. The emergence of an anti-panHER approach to blockade of these pathways as a cancer treatment may provide a solution to this resistance. This review aimed to provide an overview of the HER signaling pathways and their involvement in tumor progression and examine the current progress in panHER inhibition. Methods: Recent literature associated with HER signaling pathways and panHER inhibition was reviewed through PubMed and Medline database, followed by critical comparison and analysis. Results: Pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of panHER inhibitors show promising results, and the potential to improve patient outcomes in solid cancers. Conclusion: The use of panHER inhibitors in cancers with HER-family hyper-activation, such as other epithelial cancers and sarcoma, is a new direction to research and has potential in clinical cancer therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wang
- Sarcoma Nano-Oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Kathleen M Batty
- Sarcoma Nano-Oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Philip J Crowe
- Sarcoma Nano-Oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Sarcoma Nano-Oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Jia-Lin Yang
- Sarcoma Nano-Oncology Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Macha MA, Krishn SR, Jahan R, Banerjee K, Batra SK, Jain M. Emerging potential of natural products for targeting mucins for therapy against inflammation and cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:277-88. [PMID: 25624117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated mucin expression is a hallmark of several inflammatory and malignant pathologies. Emerging evidence suggests that, apart from biomarkers, these deregulated mucins are functional contributors to the pathogenesis in inflammation and cancer. Both overexpression and downregulation of mucins in various organ systems is associated with pathobiology of inflammation and cancer. Restoration of mucin homeostasis has become an important goal for therapy and management of such disorders has fueled the quest for selective mucomodulators. With improved understanding of mucin regulation and mechanistic insights into their pathobiological roles, there is optimism to find selective non-toxic agents capable of modulating mucin expression and function. Recently, natural compounds derived from dietary sources have drawn attention due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties and low toxicity. Considerable efforts have been directed towards evaluating dietary natural products as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents; identification, characterization and synthesis of their active compounds; and improving their delivery and bioavailability. We describe the current understanding of mucin regulation, rationale for targeting mucins with natural products and discuss some natural products that modulate mucin expression and functions. We further discuss the approaches and parameters that should guide future research to identify and evaluate selective natural mucomodulators for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Shiv Ram Krishn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rahat Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kasturi Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Hegedüs C, Hegedüs T, Sarkadi B. The Role of ABC Multidrug Transporters in Resistance to Targeted Anticancer Kinase Inhibitors. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09801-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
160
|
Armant DR. Intracellular Ca2+ signaling and preimplantation development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 843:151-71. [PMID: 25956298 PMCID: PMC10412982 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2480-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The key, versatile role of intracellular Ca2+ signaling during egg activation after fertilization has been appreciated for several decades. More recently, evidence has accumulated supporting the concept that cytoplasmic Ca2+ is also a major signaling nexus during subsequent development of the fertilized ovum. This chapter will review the molecular reactions that regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels and cell function, the role of Ca2+ signaling during egg activation and specific examples of repetitive Ca2+ signaling found throughout pre- and peri-implantation development. Many of the upstream and downstream pathways utilized during egg activation are also critical for specific processes that take place during embryonic development. Much remains to be done to elucidate the full complexity of Ca2+ signaling mechanisms in preimplantation embryos to the level of detail accomplished for egg activation. However, an emerging concept is that because this second messenger can be modulated downstream of numerous receptors and is able to bind and activate multiple cytoplasmic signaling proteins, it can help the coordination of development through up- and downstream pathways that change with each embryonic stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Randall Armant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, 275 E. Hancock Street, 48201-1405, Detroit, MI, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Armant DR, Fritz R, Kilburn BA, Kim YM, Nien JK, Maihle NJ, Romero R, Leach RE. Reduced expression of the epidermal growth factor signaling system in preeclampsia. Placenta 2014; 36:270-8. [PMID: 25589361 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling system regulates trophoblast differentiation, and its disruption could contribute to perinatal disease. We hypothesized that this pathway is altered in preeclampsia, a disorder associated with trophoblast apoptosis and failure to invade and remodel the uterine spiral arteries. METHODS Six EGF family peptides and a truncated EGF receptor splice variant (p110/EGFR) were examined using immunohistochemistry in the trophoblast of placentas (N = 76) from women with preeclampsia, and compared to placentas from women of similar gestational age (GA) with preterm labor (PTL) or small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses, as well as normal term placentas. EGF, transforming growth factor-α (TGFA), and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) were evaluated using ELISA in maternal plasma from another 20 pregnancies with or without preeclampsia. Cell death was evaluated in the HTR-8/SVneo human cytotrophoblast cell line using TUNEL to evaluate the protective effects of EGF peptides. RESULTS Trophoblast HBEGF, TGFA, and EGF were significantly reduced in preeclampsia compared to PTL and SGA, while p110/EGFR accumulated significantly on the surface of the chorionic villi (p < 0.05). Plasma EGF levels were significantly decreased in preeclamptic patients, compared to non-preeclamptic patients (p < 0.05). HBEGF, EGF, TGFA, epiregulin, and betacellulin each blocked cytotrophoblast cell death in vitro (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION Three members of the EGF family are dysregulated in placentas with preeclampsia, whereas p110/EGFR, a potential EGF receptor antagonist, is overexpressed. These findings are consistent with the concept that disruption of the EGF signaling system contributes to aberrant trophoblast development associated with preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Armant
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States; Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD United States.
| | - R Fritz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - B A Kilburn
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Y M Kim
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - J K Nien
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - N J Maihle
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - R Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - R E Leach
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Spectrum Health Medical Group, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Kothari N, Schell MJ, Teer JK, Yeatman T, Shibata D, Kim R. Comparison of KRAS mutation analysis of colorectal cancer samples by standard testing and next-generation sequencing. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:764-7. [PMID: 25004944 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Based on KRAS testing, the subset of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) that could benefit from anti-EGFR therapy can be better delineated. Though KRAS testing has become significantly more prevalent over the last few years, methods for testing remain heterogeneous and discordance has been reported between methods. METHODS In this study, we examined a CRC patient population and compared KRAS testing done in Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) approved laboratories as part of standard clinical care and by next-generation sequencing (NGS) using the Illumina platform. Discordances were further evaluated with manual review of the NGS testing. RESULTS Out of 468 CRC patient samples, 77 had KRAS testing done by both CLIA assay and NGS. There were concordant results between testing methodologies in 74 out of 77 patients, or 96% (95% CI 89% to 99%). There were three patient samples that showed discordant results between the two methods of testing. Upon further investigation of the NGS results for the three discordant cases, one sample showed a low level of the mutation seen in the standard testing, one sample showed low tumour fraction and a third did not show any evidence of the mutation that was found with the standard assay. Five patients had KRAS mutations not typically tested with standard testing. CONCLUSIONS Overall there was a high concordance rate between NGS and standard testing for KRAS. However, NGS revealed mutations that are not tested for with standard KRAS assays that might have clinical impact with regards to the role for anti-EGFR therapy.
Collapse
|
163
|
Lindsey S, Langhans SA. Crosstalk of Oncogenic Signaling Pathways during Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Oncol 2014; 4:358. [PMID: 25566498 PMCID: PMC4263086 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell transformation have been well-documented in multiple cancer cell models and are believed to be one of the earliest events in tumor progression. Genetic and epigenetic modifications shift cells toward either end of the EMT spectrum, and can be influenced by the microenvironment surrounding a tumor. EMT and mesenchymal–epithelial transition are critical to normal function and development and an intricate network of transcription factors and transcriptional regulators tightly regulates these processes. As evidenced in normal and transformed cell lines, many signaling pathways trigger EMT during development and differentiation. The signaling pathways include those triggered by different members of the transforming growth factor superfamily, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor, Wnt, Notch, and many others. Functional redundancies allow cells to undergo EMT even if these key transcriptional regulators are lacking, but these same redundancies also make these pathways particularly susceptible to gain-of-function mutations or constitutive signal activation; the “forced” transition toward either a mesenchymal or epithelial phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Lindsey
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children , Wilmington, DE , USA
| | - Sigrid A Langhans
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children , Wilmington, DE , USA
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Li Z, Liu S, Cai Y. EGFR/MAPK signaling regulates the proliferation of Drosophila renal and nephric stem cells. J Genet Genomics 2014; 42:9-20. [PMID: 25619598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis, accomplished through the self-renewal and differentiation of resident stem cells, is critical for the maintenance of adult tissues throughout an animal's lifetime. Adult Drosophila Malpighian tubules (MTs or fly kidney) are maintained by renal and nephric stem cells (RNSCs) via self-renewing divisions, however, it is unclear how RNSC proliferation and differentiation are regulated. Here we show that EGFR/MAPK signaling is dispensable for RNSC maintenance, but required for RNSC proliferation in vivo. Inactivation of the EGFR/MAPK pathway blocks or greatly retards RNSC cell cycle progression; conversely, over-activation of EGFR/MAPK signaling results in RNSC over-proliferation and disrupts the normal differentiation of renablasts (RBs), the immediate daughters of RNSC divisions. Our data further suggest that EGFR/MAPK signaling functions independently of JAK/STAT signaling and that dMyc and CycE partially mediate EGFR/MAPK signaling in MTs. Together, our data suggest a principal role of EGFR/MAPK signaling in regulating RNSC proliferation, which may provide important clues for understanding mammalian kidney repair and regeneration following injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore.
| | - Sen Liu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Yu Cai
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Wang GX, Zhao XY, Meng ZX, Kern M, Dietrich A, Chen Z, Cozacov Z, Zhou D, Okunade AL, Su X, Li S, Blüher M, Lin JD. The brown fat-enriched secreted factor Nrg4 preserves metabolic homeostasis through attenuation of hepatic lipogenesis. Nat Med 2014; 20:1436-1443. [PMID: 25401691 PMCID: PMC4257907 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brown fat activates uncoupled respiration in response to cold temperature and contributes to systemic metabolic homeostasis. To date, the metabolic action of brown fat has been primarily attributed to its role in fuel oxidation and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-mediated thermogenesis. Whether brown fat engages other tissues through secreted factors remains largely unexplored. Here we show that neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of extracellular ligands, is highly expressed in adipose tissues, enriched in brown fat and markedly increased during brown adipocyte differentiation. Adipose tissue Nrg4 expression was reduced in rodent and human obesity. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in mice demonstrated that Nrg4 protects against diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis through attenuating hepatic lipogenic signaling. Mechanistically, Nrg4 activates ErbB3 and ErbB4 signaling in hepatocytes and negatively regulates de novo lipogenesis mediated by LXR and SREBP1c in a cell-autonomous manner. These results establish Nrg4 as a brown fat-enriched endocrine factor with therapeutic potential for the treatment of obesity-associated disorders, including type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xiao Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xu-Yun Zhao
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Matthias Kern
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Department of Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Zoharit Cozacov
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Dequan Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Adewole L. Okunade
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Xiong Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Siming Li
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jiandie D. Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Lindsey S, Langhans SA. Epidermal growth factor signaling in transformed cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 314:1-41. [PMID: 25619714 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB) family play a critical role in normal cell growth and development. However, many ErbB family members, especially EGFR, are aberrantly expressed or deregulated in tumors and are thought to play crucial roles in cancer development and metastatic progression. In this chapter, we provide an overview of key mechanisms contributing to aberrant EGFR/ErbB signaling in transformed cells, which results in many phenotypic changes associated with the earliest stages of tumor formation, including several hallmarks of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These changes often occur through interaction with other major signaling pathways important to tumor progression, causing a multitude of transcriptional changes that ultimately impact cell morphology, proliferation, and adhesion, all of which are crucial for tumor progression. The resulting mesh of signaling networks will need to be taken into account as new regimens are designed for targeting EGFR for therapeutic intervention. As new insights are gained into the molecular mechanisms of cross talk between EGFR signaling and other signaling pathways, including their roles in therapeutic resistance to anti-EGFR therapies, a continual reassessment of clinical therapeutic regimes and strategies will be required. Understanding the consequences and complexity of EGF signaling and how it relates to tumor progression is critical for the development of clinical compounds and establishing clinical protocols for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Lindsey
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Sigrid A Langhans
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Guéguinou M, Gambade A, Félix R, Chantôme A, Fourbon Y, Bougnoux P, Weber G, Potier-Cartereau M, Vandier C. Lipid rafts, KCa/ClCa/Ca2+ channel complexes and EGFR signaling: Novel targets to reduce tumor development by lipids? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2603-20. [PMID: 25450343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Membrane lipid rafts are distinct plasma membrane nanodomains that are enriched with cholesterol, sphingolipids and gangliosides, with occasional presence of saturated fatty acids and phospholipids containing saturated acyl chains. It is well known that they organize receptors (such as Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor), ion channels and their downstream acting molecules to regulate intracellular signaling pathways. Among them are Ca2+ signaling pathways, which are modified in tumor cells and inhibited upon membrane raft disruption. In addition to protein components, lipids from rafts also contribute to the organization and function of Ca2+ signaling microdomains. This article aims to focus on the lipid raft KCa/ClCa/Ca2+ channel complexes that regulate Ca2+ and EGFR signaling in cancer cells, and discusses the potential modification of these complexes by lipids as a novel therapeutic approach in tumor development. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Guéguinou
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Audrey Gambade
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Romain Félix
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Aurélie Chantôme
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Yann Fourbon
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Philippe Bougnoux
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France; Centre HS Kaplan, CHRU Tours, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Günther Weber
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Marie Potier-Cartereau
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Christophe Vandier
- Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours F-37032, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France.
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Wang H, Yang Q, Fu Z, Zuo D, Hua Y, Cai Z. ErbB receptors as prognostic and therapeutic drug targets in bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Cancer Invest 2014; 32:533-42. [PMID: 25347730 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2014.964409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ErbB receptors have been intensely studied to understand their importance in cancer biology and as therapeutic targets, and many ErbB inhibitors are now used in the clinical setting. A large number of studies have been conducted to examine the expression of ErbB family members in bone and soft tissue sarcomas, including osteosarcomas, synovial sarcomas, Ewing sarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, and so on. Nevertheless, the clinical implications of ErbB receptors remain elusive. To illustrate the potential of ErbB family members as prognostic and therapeutic drug targets in bone and soft tissue sarcomas, we summarized the molecular evidence and observations from clinical and basic trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Wang
- 1Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai 1st People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
169
|
Kok HM, Falke LL, Goldschmeding R, Nguyen TQ. Targeting CTGF, EGF and PDGF pathways to prevent progression of kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2014; 10:700-11. [PMID: 25311535 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2014.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health and economic burden with a rising incidence. During progression of CKD, the sustained release of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines and growth factors leads to an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and angiotensin II are considered to be the two main driving forces in fibrotic development. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has become the mainstay therapy for preservation of kidney function, but this treatment is not sufficient to prevent progression of fibrosis and CKD. Several factors that induce fibrosis have been identified, not only by TGF-β-dependent mechanisms, but also by TGF-β-independent mechanisms. Among these factors are the (partially) TGF-β-independent profibrotic pathways involving connective tissue growth factor, epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor and their receptors. In this Review, we discuss the specific roles of these pathways, their interactions and preclinical evidence supporting their qualification as additional targets for novel antifibrotic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Kok
- Department of Pathology, H04.312, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lucas L Falke
- Department of Pathology, H04.312, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, H04.312, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tri Q Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, H04.312, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Tenin G, Clowes C, Wolton K, Krejci E, Wright JA, Lovell SC, Sedmera D, Hentges KE. Erbb2 is required for cardiac atrial electrical activity during development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107041. [PMID: 25269082 PMCID: PMC4182046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is the first organ required to function during embryonic development and is absolutely necessary for embryo survival. Cardiac activity is dependent on both the sinoatrial node (SAN), which is the pacemaker of heart's electrical activity, and the cardiac conduction system which transduces the electrical signal though the heart tissue, leading to heart muscle contractions. Defects in the development of cardiac electrical function may lead to severe heart disorders. The Erbb2 (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2) gene encodes a member of the EGF receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. The Erbb2 receptor lacks ligand-binding activity but forms heterodimers with other EGF receptors, stabilising their ligand binding and enhancing kinase-mediated activation of downstream signalling pathways. Erbb2 is absolutely necessary in normal embryonic development and homozygous mouse knock-out Erbb2 embryos die at embryonic day (E)10.5 due to severe cardiac defects. We have isolated a mouse line, l11Jus8, from a random chemical mutagenesis screen, which carries a hypomorphic missense mutation in the Erbb2 gene. Homozygous mutant embryos exhibit embryonic lethality by E12.5-13. The l11Jus8 mutants display cardiac haemorrhage and a failure of atrial function due to defects in atrial electrical signal propagation, leading to an atrial-specific conduction block, which does not affect ventricular conduction. The l11Jus8 mutant phenotype is distinct from those reported for Erbb2 knockout mouse mutants. Thus, the l11Jus8 mouse reveals a novel function of Erbb2 during atrial conduction system development, which when disrupted causes death at mid-gestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennadiy Tenin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Clowes
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Wolton
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eliska Krejci
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, and Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Simon C. Lovell
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Sedmera
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, and Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kathryn E. Hentges
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Gaber R, Watermann I, Kugler C, Reinmuth N, Huber RM, Schnabel PA, Vollmer E, Reck M, Goldmann T. Correlation of EGFR expression, gene copy number and clinicopathological status in NSCLC. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:165. [PMID: 25227424 PMCID: PMC4176848 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) targeting therapies are currently of great relevance for the treatment of lung cancer. For this reason, in addition to mutational analysis immunohistochemistry (IHC) of EGFR in lung cancer has been discussed for the decision making of according therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to obtain standardization of EGFR-expression methods for the selection of patients who might benefit of EGFR targeting therapies. METHODS As a starting point of a broad investigation, aimed at elucidating the expression of EGFR on different biological levels, four EGFR specific antibodies were analyzed concerning potential differences in expression levels by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlated with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and clinicopathological data. 206 tumor tissues were analyzed in a tissue microarray format employing immunohistochemistry with four different antibodies including Dako PharmDx kit (clone 2-18C9), clone 31G7, clone 2.1E1 and clone SP84 using three different scoring methods. Protein expression was compared to FISH utilizing two different probes. RESULTS EGFR protein expression determined by IHC with Dako PharmDx kit, clone 31G7 and clone 2.1E1 (p ≤ 0.05) correlated significantly with both FISH probes independently of the three scoring methods; best correlation is shown for 31G7 using the scoring method that defined EGFR positivity when ≥ 10% of the tumor cells show membranous staining of moderate and severe intensity (p=0.001). CONCLUSION Overall, our data show differences in EGFR expression determined by IHC, due to the applied antibody. Highest concordance with FISH is shown for antibody clone 31G7, evaluated with score B (p=0.001). On this account, this antibody clone might by utilized for standard evaluation of EGFR expression by IHC. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_165.
Collapse
|
172
|
|
173
|
de Martino M, Zhuang D, Klatte T, Rieken M, Rouprêt M, Xylinas E, Clozel T, Krzywinski M, Elemento O, Shariat SF. Impact of ERBB2 mutations on in vitro sensitivity of bladder cancer to lapatinib. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1239-47. [PMID: 24971884 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ErbB1 and ErbB2, shows a clinical benefit in a subset of patients with advanced urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). We hypothesized that the corresponding gene, ERBB2, is affected by mutations in a subset of UBC and that these mutations impact ErbB2 function, signaling, UBC proliferation, gene expression, and predict response to lapatinib. We found ERBB2 mutations in 5 of 33 UBC cell lines (15%), all of which were derived from invasive or high grade tumors. Phosphorylation and activation of ErbB2 and its downstream pathways were markedly enhanced in mutated cell lines compared with the ERBB2 wild-type. In addition, the gene expression profile was distinct, specifically for genes encoding for proteins of the extracellular matrix. RT112 cells infected with ERBB2 mutants showed a particular growth pattern ("mini-foci"). Upon treatment with lapatinib, 93% of these "mini-foci" were reversed. The sensitivity to lapatinib was greatest among cell lines with ERBB2 mutations. In conclusion, ERBB2 mutations occur in a subset of UBC and impact proliferation, signaling, gene expression and predict a greater response to lapatinib. If confirmed in the clinical setting, this may lead the way toward personalized treatment of a subset of UBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela de Martino
- Department of Urology; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Medical University and General Hospital Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Dazhong Zhuang
- Department of Urology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of Urology; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Medical University and General Hospital Vienna; Vienna, Austria
| | - Malte Rieken
- Department of Urology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | - Morgan Rouprêt
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie; GRC-05; ONCOTYPE-Uro; Université Paris 6; Paris, France; Academic Department of Urology; Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital; Paris, France
| | - Evanguelos Xylinas
- Department of Urology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | - Thomas Clozel
- Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | | | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Medical University and General Hospital Vienna; Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York, NY USA; Department of Urology; UT Southwestern; Dallas, TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Paatero I, Seagroves TN, Vaparanta K, Han W, Jones FE, Johnson RS, Elenius K. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α induces ErbB4 signaling in the differentiating mammary gland. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22459-69. [PMID: 24966332 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.533497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional knock-out of Hif1a in the mouse mammary gland impairs lobuloalveolar differentiation during lactation. Here, we demonstrate that expression of ErbB4 was reduced in the lobulalveoli of mice with mammary gland-specific deletion of Hif1a. Erbb4 was not, however, a direct target gene for transcriptional regulation by HIF-1α in vitro. HIF-1α overexpression or HIF accumulating prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors reduced ErbB4 endocytosis, promoted transcriptional co-regulatory activity of ErbB4, and stimulated ErbB4-induced differentiation of mammary carcinoma cells. Consistently, RNA interference-mediated down-regulation of HIF-1α resulted in reduced ErbB4 protein amount and reduced mammary carcinoma cell differentiation. These findings indicate that HIF-1α is a physiologically relevant regulator of ErbB4 and that ErbB4 is involved in HIF-regulated differentiation of the mammary gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Paatero
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland, the Turku Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tiffany N Seagroves
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Katri Vaparanta
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Wen Han
- the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Frank E Jones
- the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Randall S Johnson
- the Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom, and
| | - Klaus Elenius
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland, the Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
175
|
Goltsov A, Deeni Y, Khalil HS, Soininen T, Kyriakidis S, Hu H, Langdon SP, Harrison DJ, Bown J. Systems analysis of drug-induced receptor tyrosine kinase reprogramming following targeted mono- and combination anti-cancer therapy. Cells 2014; 3:563-91. [PMID: 24918976 PMCID: PMC4092865 DOI: 10.3390/cells3020563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are key drivers of cancer progression and targets for drug therapy. A major challenge in anti-RTK treatment is the dependence of drug effectiveness on co-expression of multiple RTKs which defines resistance to single drug therapy. Reprogramming of the RTK network leading to alteration in RTK co-expression in response to drug intervention is a dynamic mechanism of acquired resistance to single drug therapy in many cancers. One route to overcome this resistance is combination therapy. We describe the results of a joint in silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigations on the efficacy of trastuzumab, pertuzumab and their combination to target the HER2 receptors. Computational modelling revealed that these two drugs alone and in combination differentially suppressed RTK network activation depending on RTK co-expression. Analyses of mRNA expression in SKOV3 ovarian tumour xenograft showed up-regulation of HER3 following treatment. Considering this in a computational model revealed that HER3 up-regulation reprograms RTK kinetics from HER2 homodimerisation to HER3/HER2 heterodimerisation. The results showed synergy of the trastuzumab and pertuzumab combination treatment of the HER2 overexpressing tumour can be due to an independence of the combination effect on HER3/HER2 composition when it changes due to drug-induced RTK reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Goltsov
- Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology and Statistics Centre (SIMBIOS), Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG, United Kingdom.
| | - Yusuf Deeni
- Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology and Statistics Centre (SIMBIOS), Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG, United Kingdom.
| | - Hilal S Khalil
- Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology and Statistics Centre (SIMBIOS), Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG, United Kingdom.
| | - Tero Soininen
- Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology and Statistics Centre (SIMBIOS), Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Huizhong Hu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Simon P Langdon
- Division of Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom.
| | - David J Harrison
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, United Kingdom.
| | - James Bown
- Scottish Informatics, Mathematics, Biology and Statistics Centre (SIMBIOS), Abertay University, Dundee, DD1 1HG, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Fernández-Martínez AB, Lucio Cazaña FJ. Prostaglandin E2 induces retinoic acid receptor-β up-regulation through MSK1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1997-2004. [PMID: 24953041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacological modulation of putative renoprotective factors hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-1α-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in the kidney has therapeutic interest. In human renal proximal tubular HK2 cells, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) up-regulates HIF-1α and VEGF-A through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-dependent up-regulation of retinoic acid receptor-β (RARβ). Here we studied the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK1/2 and p38 and their target kinase, mitogen- and stress activated kinase-1 (MSK1), in the signaling cascade. Treatment of HK2 cells with PGE2 resulted in increased phosphorylation of EGFR, the three studied kinases and the histone H3 (Ser10) at the RARβ gene promoter (the latter has been proposed as a molecular signature of the activated RARβ gene promoter). Prevention of the phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK or MSK1 is by incubating, respectively, with AG1478, PD98059, SB203580 or H89 allowed to elucidate the precise phosphorylation order in the signaling cascade triggered by PGE2: first, EGFR; then, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK and, finally, MSK1. Phosphorylation of MSK1 led to that of Ser10 in histone H3 and to activation of RARβ gene transcription (and the consequent increase in the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-A), which was suppressed by H89 or by transfecting cells with a vector encoding for a dominant-negative mutant of MSK1. These results highlight the relevance of MSK1 in the up-regulation of RARβ by PGE2. They also may contribute to new therapeutic approaches based upon the pharmacological control of HIF-1α/VEGF-A in the proximal tubule through the modulation of the PGE2/EGFR/MAPK/MSK1/RARβ pathway.
Collapse
|
177
|
Modjtahedi H, Cho BC, Michel MC, Solca F. A comprehensive review of the preclinical efficacy profile of the ErbB family blocker afatinib in cancer. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 387:505-21. [PMID: 24643470 PMCID: PMC4019832 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Afatinib (also known as BIBW 2992) has recently been approved in several countries for the treatment of a distinct type of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. This manuscript comprehensively reviews the preclinical data on afatinib, an irreversible inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family (ErbB) including EGFR, HER2 and ErbB4. Afatinib covalently binds to cysteine 797 of the EGFR and the corresponding cysteines 805 and 803 in HER2 and ErbB4, respectively. Such covalent binding irreversibly inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of these receptors, resulting in reduced auto- and transphosphorylation within the ErbB dimers and inhibition of important steps in the signal transduction of all ErbB receptor family members. Afatinib inhibits cellular growth and induces apoptosis in a wide range of cells representative for non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck squamous cell cancer and several other cancer types exhibiting abnormalities of the ErbB network. This translates into tumour shrinkage in a variety of in vivo rodent models of such cancers. Afatinib retains inhibitory effects on signal transduction and in vitro and in vivo cancer cell growth in tumours resistant to reversible EGFR inhibitors, such as those exhibiting the T790M mutations. Several combination treatments have been explored to prevent and/or overcome development of resistance to afatinib, the most promising being those with EGFR- or HER2-targeted antibodies, other tyrosine kinase inhibitors or inhibitors of downstream signalling molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helmout Modjtahedi
- School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin C. Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Regional Medicine and Scientific Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Flavio Solca
- Department of Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Doktor-Böhringer Gasse 5-11, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
de Mello RA, Madureira P, Carvalho LS, Araújo A, O'Brien M, Popat S. EGFR and KRAS mutations, and ALK fusions: current developments and personalized therapies for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 14:1765-77. [PMID: 24192124 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized therapy has significantly developed in lung cancer treatment over recent years. VEGF and EGF play a major role in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor angiogenesis and aggressiveness. EGFR mutation as well as KRAS and ALK rearrangements are important biomarkers in the field owing to potential targeted therapies involved in clinical practice: erlotinib, geftinib, cetuximab and crizotinib. More recently, regulation of tumor immunity through CTLA4 and PD1/L1 has emerged as a promising field in NSCLC management. This review will focus on the current and future biomarkers in the advanced NSCLC field and also address potential related targeted therapies for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Andrade de Mello
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
179
|
Li L, Zhang Z, Peng J, Wang Y, Zhu Q. Cooperation of luteinizing hormone signaling pathways in preovulatory avian follicles regulates circadian clock expression in granulosa cell. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 394:31-41. [PMID: 24825178 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovulation in birds is triggered by a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH), and the ovulatory cycle is affected by the circadian rhythms of clock genes transcription levels in follicles. The influence of LH signaling cascades action on circadian clock genes was investigated using granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles from Roman hens cultured in a serum-free system. The expression of core oscillators (Bmal1, Clock, Cry1, Per2, and Rev-erbβ), clock-controlled gene (Star), Egr-1 and LHr was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Significant changes in clock genes transcription levels were observed in control groups over 24 h, indicating that cell-autonomous rhythms exist in granulosa cells. Intriguingly, the transcript levels of clock genes increased with LH treatment during 24 h of culture; they peaked 4 h in advance of controls and second but weaker oscillations were also observed. It appeared that LH changed the cell-autonomous rhythm and cycle time of clock genes. To further investigate the LH signaling cascades, inhibitors of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathways were used. The transcript levels of clock genes were suppressed by blocking cAMP, but increased with similar expression patterns by blocking the p38MPAK and ERK1/2 pathways over 24 h. Thus, the influence of LH signaling cascades in chicken ovulation is mediated by the cAMP pathway and also involves the p38MAPK and ERK1/2 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
180
|
Tulalamba W, Larbcharoensub N, Janvilisri T. ERBB3 as an independent prognostic marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:667-72. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-202154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AimAlthough the ERBB proteins have been shown to be associated in many types of human tumours and serve as important cancer therapeutic targets, however, data regarding the expression and clinical relevance of ERBBs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are still conflicting. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression pattern of all ERBB members simultaneously in NPC tissues using immunohistochemistry and determine their clinical relevance.MethodsThe expression of all members of ERBB proteins was evaluated using immunohistochemistry on 82 NPC tissue samples. Relationship between the ERBB protein expression, clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome was assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsWe found that ERBB1, ERBB2 and ERBB3 were strongly expressed in the normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. A marked reduction of ERBB1 and ERBB2 expression in NPC was observed compared with the non-cancerous tissues. 76 of 82 (92.7%) cases were ERBB3-positive, while ERBB4 was not expressed in both normal and NPC. The univariate log-rank analysis showed that regional lymph node metastasis, systemic metastasis, recurrence and ERBB3 expression were associated with patient survival. The ERBB3 expression was not correlated to other clinicopathological factors. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that ERBB3 expression was an independent prognostic factor influencing patient survival.ConclusionsOur results suggested that the expression of ERBB3 is associated with patient survival and could serve as a novel and valuable predictor for prognostic evaluation of patients with NPC.
Collapse
|
181
|
Maruyama IN. Mechanisms of activation of receptor tyrosine kinases: monomers or dimers. Cells 2014; 3:304-30. [PMID: 24758840 PMCID: PMC4092861 DOI: 10.3390/cells3020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play essential roles in cellular processes, including metabolism, cell-cycle control, survival, proliferation, motility and differentiation. RTKs are all synthesized as single-pass transmembrane proteins and bind polypeptide ligands, mainly growth factors. It has long been thought that all RTKs, except for the insulin receptor (IR) family, are activated by ligand-induced dimerization of the receptors. An increasing number of diverse studies, however, indicate that RTKs, previously thought to exist as monomers, are present as pre-formed, yet inactive, dimers prior to ligand binding. The non-covalently associated dimeric structures are reminiscent of those of the IR family, which has a disulfide-linked dimeric structure. Furthermore, recent progress in structural studies has provided insight into the underpinnings of conformational changes during the activation of RTKs. In this review, I discuss two mutually exclusive models for the mechanisms of activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor, the neurotrophin receptor and IR families, based on these new insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro N Maruyama
- Information Processing Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Hakonen E, Ustinov J, Palgi J, Miettinen PJ, Otonkoski T. EGFR signaling promotes β-cell proliferation and survivin expression during pregnancy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93651. [PMID: 24695557 PMCID: PMC3973552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental lactogen (PL) induced serotonergic signaling is essential for gestational β-cell mass expansion. We have previously shown that intact Epidermal growth factor –receptor (EGFR) function is a crucial component of this pathway. We now explored more specifically the link between EGFR and pregnancy-induced β-cell mass compensation. Islets were isolated from wild-type and β-cell-specific EGFR-dominant negative mice (E1-DN), stimulated with PL and analyzed for β-cell proliferation and expression of genes involved in gestational β-cell growth. β-cell mass dynamics were analyzed both with traditional morphometrical methods and three-dimensional optical projection tomography (OPT) of whole-mount insulin-stained pancreata. Insulin-positive volume analyzed with OPT increased 1.4-fold at gestational day 18.5 (GD18.5) when compared to non-pregnant mice. Number of islets peaked by GD13.5 (680 vs 1134 islets per pancreas, non-pregnant vs. GD13.5). PL stimulated beta cell proliferation in the wild-type islets, whereas the proliferative response was absent in the E1-DN mouse islets. Serotonin synthesizing enzymes were upregulated similarly in both the wild-type and E1-DN mice. However, while survivin (Birc5) mRNA was upregulated 5.5-fold during pregnancy in the wild-type islets, no change was seen in the E1-DN pregnant islets. PL induced survivin expression also in isolated islets and this was blocked by EGFR inhibitor gefitinib, mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and MEK inhibitor PD0325901. Our 3D-volumetric analysis of β-cell mass expansion during murine pregnancy revealed that islet number increases during pregnancy. In addition, our results suggest that EGFR signaling is required for lactogen-induced survivin expression via MAPK and mTOR pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Hakonen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Jarkko Ustinov
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaan Palgi
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi J. Miettinen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Recent insights in the paracrine modulation of cardiomyocyte contractility by cardiac endothelial cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:923805. [PMID: 24745027 PMCID: PMC3972907 DOI: 10.1155/2014/923805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac endothelium is formed by a continuous monolayer of cells that line the cavity of the heart (endocardial endothelial cells (EECs)) and the luminal surface of the myocardial blood vessels (intramyocardial capillary endothelial cells (IMCEs)). EECs and IMCEs can exercise substantial control over the contractility of cardiomyocytes by releasing various factors such as nitric oxide (NO) via a constitutive endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS), endothelin-1, prostaglandins, angiotensin II, peptide growth factors, and neuregulin-1. The purpose of the present paper is actually to shortly review recent new information concerning cardiomyocytes as effectors of endothelium paracrine signaling, focusing particularly on contractile function. The modes of action and the regulatory paracrine role of the main mediators delivered by cardiac endothelial cells upon cardiac contractility identified in cardiomyocytes are complex and not fully described. Thus, careful evaluation of new therapeutic approaches is required targeting important physiological signaling pathways, some of which have been until recently considered as deleterious, like reactive oxygen species. Future works in the field of cardiac endothelial cells and cardiac function will help to better understand the implication of these mediators in cardiac physiopathology.
Collapse
|
184
|
Gabr MT, El-Gohary NS, El-Bendary ER, El-Kerdawy MM. Structure-based drug design and biological evaluation of 2-acetamidobenzothiazole derivative as EGFR kinase inhibitor. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 30:160-5. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.887707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
185
|
LINGO-1 regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation by inhibiting ErbB2 translocation and activation in lipid rafts. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 60:36-42. [PMID: 24583087 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte differentiation is negatively regulated by LINGO-1 and positively regulated by the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase. In wild-type oligodendrocytes, inhibition of ErbB2 blocks differentiation, whereas activation of ErbB2 promotes differentiation. In LINGO-1(-/-) oligodendrocytes, inhibition of ErbB2 blocks oligodendrocyte differentiation; whereas activation of ErbB2 does not enhance differentiation. Biological and biochemical evidence showing that LINGO-1 can directly bind to ErbB2, block ErbB2 translocation into lipid rafts, and inhibit its phosphorylation for activation. The study demonstrates a novel regulatory mechanism of ErbB2 function whereby LINGO-1 suppresses oligodendrocyte differentiation by inhibiting ErbB2 translocation and activation in lipid rafts.
Collapse
|
186
|
Peng Q, Schork NJ. Utility of network integrity methods in therapeutic target identification. Front Genet 2014; 5:12. [PMID: 24550933 PMCID: PMC3909879 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the biological gene networks involved in a disease may lead to the identification of therapeutic targets. Such analysis requires exploring network properties, in particular the importance of individual network nodes (i.e., genes). There are many measures that consider the importance of nodes in a network and some may shed light on the biological significance and potential optimality of a gene or set of genes as therapeutic targets. This has been shown to be the case in cancer therapy. A dilemma exists, however, in finding the best therapeutic targets based on network analysis since the optimal targets should be nodes that are highly influential in, but not toxic to, the functioning of the entire network. In addition, cancer therapeutics targeting a single gene often result in relapse since compensatory, feedback and redundancy loops in the network may offset the activity associated with the targeted gene. Thus, multiple genes reflecting parallel functional cascades in a network should be targeted simultaneously, but require the identification of such targets. We propose a methodology that exploits centrality statistics characterizing the importance of nodes within a gene network that is constructed from the gene expression patterns in that network. We consider centrality measures based on both graph theory and spectral graph theory. We also consider the origins of a network topology, and show how different available representations yield different node importance results. We apply our techniques to tumor gene expression data and suggest that the identification of optimal therapeutic targets involving particular genes, pathways and sub-networks based on an analysis of the nodes in that network is possible and can facilitate individualized cancer treatments. The proposed methods also have the potential to identify candidate cancer therapeutic targets that are not thought to be oncogenes but nonetheless play important roles in the functioning of a cancer-related network or pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Peng
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA ; Scripps Genomic Medicine, The Scripps Translational Science Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Schork
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA ; Scripps Genomic Medicine, The Scripps Translational Science Institute La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Yadav IS, Nandekar PP, Srivastavaa S, Sangamwar A, Chaudhury A, Agarwal SM. Ensemble docking and molecular dynamics identify knoevenagel curcumin derivatives with potent anti-EGFR activity. Gene 2014; 539:82-90. [PMID: 24491504 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Despite a number of effective EGFR inhibitors that are constantly expanding and different methods being employed to obtain novel compounds, the search for newer EGFR inhibitors is still a major scientific challenge. In the present study, a molecular docking and molecular dynamics investigation has been carried out with an ensemble of EGFR-TK structures against a synthetically feasible library of curcumin analogs to discover potent EGFR inhibitors. To resolve protein flexibility issue we have utilized 5 EGFR wild type crystal structures during docking as this gives improved possibility of identifying an active compound as compared to using a single crystal structure. We then identified five curcumin analogs representing different scaffolds that can serve as lead molecules. Finally, the 5 ns molecular dynamics simulation shows that knoevenagel condensate of curcumin specifically C29 and C30 can be used as starting blocks for developing effective leads capable of inhibiting EGFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inderjit S Yadav
- Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, I-7 Sector-39, Noida 201301, India; Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Prajwal P Nandekar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | | | - Abhay Sangamwar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Ashok Chaudhury
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Subhash Mohan Agarwal
- Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, I-7 Sector-39, Noida 201301, India.
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Kurppa KJ, Catón J, Morgan PR, Ristimäki A, Ruhin B, Kellokoski J, Elenius K, Heikinheimo K. High frequency of BRAF V600E mutations in ameloblastoma. J Pathol 2014; 232:492-8. [PMID: 24374844 PMCID: PMC4255689 DOI: 10.1002/path.4317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally infiltrative odontogenic neoplasm. Although ameloblastomas rarely metastasise, recurrences together with radical surgery often result in facial deformity and significant morbidity. Development of non-invasive therapies has been precluded by a lack of understanding of the molecular background of ameloblastoma pathogenesis. When addressing the role of ERBB receptors as potential new targets for ameloblastoma, we discovered significant EGFR over-expression in clinical samples using real-time RT-PCR, but observed variable sensitivity of novel primary ameloblastoma cells to EGFR-targeted drugs in vitro. In the quest for mutations downstream of EGFR that could explain this apparent discrepancy, Sanger sequencing revealed an oncogenic BRAF V600E mutation in the cell line resistant to EGFR inhibition. Further analysis of the clinical samples by Sanger sequencing and BRAF V600E-specific immunohistochemistry demonstrated a high frequency of BRAF V600E mutations (15 of 24 samples, 63%). These data provide novel insight into the poorly understood molecular pathogenesis of ameloblastoma and offer a rationale to test drugs targeting EGFR or mutant BRAF as novel therapies for ameloblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari J Kurppa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of TurkuFinland
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular MedicineTurku, Finland
| | - Javier Catón
- Division of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, KCL Dental Institute, King's College LondonUK
| | - Peter R Morgan
- Division of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, KCL Dental Institute, King's College LondonUK
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Division of Pathology and Genetics, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute and Genome-Scale Biology, Research Programs Unit, University of HelsinkiFinland
| | - Blandine Ruhin
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Maxillofacial and Stomatology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 872, Cordeliers Biomedical Institute, Paris 7 UniversityFrance
| | - Jari Kellokoski
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University HospitalFinland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of TurkuFinland
- Department of Oncology, Turku University HospitalFinland
- # These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Kristiina Heikinheimo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, and Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
- *Correspondence to: K Heikinheimo, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, FI-20520 Turku, Finland. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
An EGFR gene of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas functions in wound healing and promotes cell proliferation. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:2757-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
190
|
Reuven EM, Fink A, Shai Y. Regulation of innate immune responses by transmembrane interactions: lessons from the TLR family. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1586-93. [PMID: 24480409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian innate immune response is responsible for the early stages of defense against invading pathogens. One of the major receptor families facilitating innate immune activation is the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. These receptors are type 1 membrane proteins spanning the membrane with a single transmembrane domain (TMD). All TLRs form homo- and hetero-dimers within membranes and new data suggest that the single transmembrane domain of some of these receptors is involved in their dimerization and function. Newly identified TLR dimers are continuously reported but only little is known about the importance of the TMDs for their dimer assembly and signaling regulation. Uncontrolled or untimely activation of TLRs is related to a large number of pathologies ranging from cystic fibrosis to sepsis and cancer. In this review we will focus on the contribution of the TMDs of innate immune receptors - specifically TLR2-to their regulation and function. In addition, we will address the current issues remaining to be solved regarding the mechanistic insights of this regulation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Structure and Function: Relevance in the Cell's Physiology, Pathology and Therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliran Moshe Reuven
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Avner Fink
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yechiel Shai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Brix DM, Clemmensen KKB, Kallunki T. When Good Turns Bad: Regulation of Invasion and Metastasis by ErbB2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase. Cells 2014; 3:53-78. [PMID: 24709902 PMCID: PMC3980748 DOI: 10.3390/cells3010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression and activation of ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase in breast cancer is strongly linked to an aggressive disease with high potential for invasion and metastasis. In addition to inducing very aggressive, metastatic cancer, ErbB2 activation mediates processes such as increased cancer cell proliferation and survival and is needed for normal physiological activities, such as heart function and development of the nervous system. How does ErbB2 activation make cancer cells invasive and when? Comprehensive understanding of the cellular mechanisms leading to ErbB2-induced malignant processes is necessary for answering these questions. Here we present current knowledge about the invasion-promoting function of ErbB2 and the mechanisms involved in it. Obtaining detailed information about the "bad" behavior of ErbB2 can facilitate development of novel treatments against ErbB2-positive cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Marie Brix
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Knut Kristoffer Bundgaard Clemmensen
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tuula Kallunki
- Unit of Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Rapid and sensitive phenotypic marker detection on breast cancer cells using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 51:238-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
193
|
Zhang WM, Xing M, Zhao TT, Ren YJ, Yang XH, Yang YS, Lv PC, Zhu HL. Synthesis, molecular modeling and biological evaluation of cinnamic acid derivatives with pyrazole moieties as novel anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05257a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound 30e with potent EGFR and HER-2 inhibitory activity may be a potential anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Zhang
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant
- Nanjing 210042, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Xing
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant
- Nanjing 210042, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhao
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant
- Nanjing 210042, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jia Ren
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant
- Nanjing 210042, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Hui Yang
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant
- Nanjing 210042, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant
- Nanjing 210042, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Cheng Lv
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant
- Nanjing 210042, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plant
- Nanjing 210042, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
194
|
Berasain C, Avila MA. The EGFR signalling system in the liver: from hepatoprotection to hepatocarcinogenesis. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:9-23. [PMID: 24318021 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The liver displays an outstanding wound healing and regenerative capacity unmatched by any other organ. This reparative response is governed by a complex network of inflammatory mediators, growth factors and metabolites that are set in motion in response to hepatocellular injury. However, when liver injury is chronic, these regenerative mechanisms become dysregulated, facilitating the accumulation of genetic alterations leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR or ErbB1) signaling system has been identified as a key player in all stages of the liver response to injury, from early inflammation and hepatocellular proliferation to fibrogenesis and neoplastic transformation. The EGFR system engages in extensive crosstalk with other signaling pathways, acting as a true signaling hub for other growth factors, cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Here, we briefly review essential aspects of the biology of the EGFR, the other ErbB receptors, and their ligands in liver injury, regeneration and HCC development. Some aspects of the preclinical and clinical experience with EGFR therapeutic targeting in HCC are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Berasain
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy and CIBEREhd, CIMA-University of Navarra, Avda. Pio XII, n55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain,
| | | |
Collapse
|
195
|
Chakraborty K, Ramsauer VP, Stone W, Krishnan K. Tocotrienols in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment and Prevention. Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405205-5.00024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
196
|
Nagai K, Arai H, Okudera M, Yamamura T, Oki H, Komiyama K. Epiregulin is critical for the acinar cell regeneration of the submandibular gland in a mouse duct ligation model. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 43:378-87. [PMID: 24354788 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Acinar cell regeneration from tubular structures has been reported to occur in duct-deligated salivary glands. However, the detailed process of acinar cell regeneration has not been clarified. We have developed a mouse duct ligation model to clarify the mechanisms underlying acinar cell regeneration, and we analyzed the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligands using the model. We studied these ligands expressions in the course of acinar cell regeneration using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR methods. In the duct-ligated portion of the submandibular gland (SMG) that underwent atrophy, newly formed acinar cells were observed arising from the tubular structures after the release of the duct obstruction. The constitutive expression of EGFR was observed by immunohistochemistry in both the duct-ligated and duct-deligated animals as well as in normal controls. The EGFR phosphorylation detected on the tubular structures after duct ligation paralleled the acinar cell regeneration. RT-PCR showed an increase in the epiregulin and heparin-binding EGF levels from day 0 to day 3 after the release of the duct obstruction. The EGF level was increased only after day 7. In vitro, cultured cells isolated from ligated SMGs proliferated and produced EGF ligands following the addition of epiregulin to the culture medium. These findings suggest that the tubular structures localized in an atrophic gland are the source of acinar cell regeneration of the salivary gland. The induction of EGF ligands, in particular epiregulin, may play an important role in acinar cell regeneration in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Nagai
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
197
|
Oh H, Kim H, Chung KH, Hong NH, Shin B, Park WJ, Jun Y, Rhee S, Song WK. SPIN90 knockdown attenuates the formation and movement of endosomal vesicles in the early stages of epidermal growth factor receptor endocytosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82610. [PMID: 24340049 PMCID: PMC3858329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The finding that SPIN90 colocalizes with epidermal growth factor (EGF) in EEA1-positive endosomes prompted us to investigate the role of SPIN90 in endocytosis of the EGF receptor (EGFR). In the present study, we demonstrated that SPIN90 participates in the early stages of endocytosis, including vesicle formation and trafficking. Stable HeLa cells with knockdown of SPIN90 displayed significantly higher levels of surface EGFR than control cells. Analysis of the abundance and cellular distribution of EGFR via electron microscopy revealed that SPIN90 knockdown cells contain residual EGFR at cell membranes and fewer EGFR-containing endosomes, both features that reflect reduced endosome formation. The delayed early endosomal targeting capacity of SPIN90 knockdown cells led to increased EGFR stability, consistent with the observed accumulation of EGFR at the membrane. Small endosome sizes and reduced endosome formation in SPIN90 knockdown cells, observed using fluorescent confocal microscopy, strongly supported the involvement of SPIN90 in endocytosis of EGFR. Overexpression of SPIN90 variants, particularly the SH3, PRD, and CC (positions 643 - 722) domains, resulted in aberrant morphology of Rab5-positive endosomes (detected as small spots located near the cell membrane) and defects in endosomal movement. These findings clearly suggest that SPIN90 participates in the formation and movement of endosomes. Consistent with this, SPIN90 knockdown enhanced cell proliferation. The delay in EGFR endocytosis effectively increased the levels of endosomal EGFR, which triggered activation of ERK1/2 and cell proliferation via upregulation of cyclin D1. Collectively, our findings suggest that SPIN90 contributes to the formation and movement of endosomal vesicles, and modulates the stability of EGFR protein, which affects cell cycle progression via regulation of the activities of downstream proteins, such as ERK1/2, after EGF stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Oh
- Bio Imaging and Cell Dynamics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Cheomdan Gwagi-ro 261, Gwangju Metrocity, Korea
| | - Hwan Kim
- Bio Imaging and Cell Dynamics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Cheomdan Gwagi-ro 261, Gwangju Metrocity, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwun Chung
- Bio Imaging and Cell Dynamics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Cheomdan Gwagi-ro 261, Gwangju Metrocity, Korea
| | - Nan Hyung Hong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Baehyun Shin
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Woo Jin Park
- Bio Remodeling and Gene Therapy Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Cheomdan Gwagi-ro 261, Gwangju Metrocity, Korea
| | - Youngsoo Jun
- Cell Biology and Membrane Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Cheomdan Gwagi-ro 261, Gwangju Metrocity, Korea
| | - Sangmyung Rhee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Keun Song
- Bio Imaging and Cell Dynamics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Cheomdan Gwagi-ro 261, Gwangju Metrocity, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Developmental defects in zebrafish for classification of EGF pathway inhibitors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 274:339-49. [PMID: 24262764 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges when testing drug candidates targeted at a specific pathway in whole animals is the discrimination between specific effects and unwanted, off-target effects. Here we used the zebrafish to define several developmental defects caused by impairment of Egf signaling, a major pathway of interest in tumor biology. We inactivated Egf signaling by genetically blocking Egf expression or using specific inhibitors of the Egf receptor function. We show that the combined occurrence of defects in cartilage formation, disturbance of blood flow in the trunk and a decrease of myelin basic protein expression represent good indicators for impairment of Egf signaling. Finally, we present a classification of known tyrosine kinase inhibitors according to their specificity for the Egf pathway. In conclusion, we show that developmental indicators can help to discriminate between specific effects on the target pathway from off-target effects in molecularly targeted drug screening experiments in whole animal systems.
Collapse
|
199
|
Koganti S, Snyder R, Gumaste U, Karamyan VT, Thekkumkara T. 2-methoxyestradiol binding of GPR30 down-regulates angiotensin AT(1) receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 723:131-40. [PMID: 24262995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Controlling angiotensin AT1 receptor function has been shown to be protective for many pathophysiological disorders. Although estrogen metabolite, 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) can down-regulate angiotensin AT1 receptor expression independently of nuclear receptors, no specific cellular targets have been identified. This study was focused on identification and validation of a cellular target responsible for 2ME2-mediated angiotensin AT1 receptor down-regulation in a continuously passaged rat liver epithelial cell line. Cell membranes were isolated and used to determine 2ME2 specific binding. Cell membranes exposed to [(3)H]2ME2 showed specific saturable binding, which was found to be pertussis toxin (PTx) sensitive. Under similar conditions, G-protein coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) agonist (G1) and antagonist (G15) inhibited 2ME2 specific binding. In these cells GPR30 was found localized to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. In intact cells, G1 down-regulated angiotensin AT1 receptor expression and this effect was reversed by G15. Furthermore, 2ME2 mediated activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) followed by ERK1/2 phosphorylation, an essential signaling step in angiotensin AT1 receptor down-regulation, was abrogated by G15, suggesting that this signal is GPR30 dependent. Additionally, EGF was found to independently down-regulate angiotensin AT1 receptor in an ERK1/2-dependent manner. In summary, our results demonstrate for the first time that 2ME2 down-regulation of angiotensin AT1 receptor is dependent on ER membrane-associated GRP30. Moreover, this effect is facilitated by GPR30 dependent transactivation of EGFR and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. This study provides further understanding of the physiological significance of 2ME2 and its role in modulating angiotensin AT1 receptor expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivaramakrishna Koganti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States
| | - Russell Snyder
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States
| | - Upendra Gumaste
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States
| | - Vardan T Karamyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States
| | - Thomas Thekkumkara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Kaur S, Sharma N, Krishn SR, Lakshmanan I, Rachagani S, Baine MJ, Smith LM, Lele SM, Sasson AR, Guha S, Mallya K, Anderson JM, Hollingsworth MA, Batra SK. MUC4-mediated regulation of acute phase protein lipocalin 2 through HER2/AKT/NF-κB signaling in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:688-700. [PMID: 24240113 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MUC4 shows aberrant expression in early pancreatic lesions and a high specificity for pancreatic cancer. It thus has a high potential to be a sensitive and specific biomarker. Unfortunately, its low serum level limits its diagnostic/prognostic potential. We here report that a multifaceted acute phase protein lipocalin 2, regulated by MUC4, could be a potential diagnostic/prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer. Experimental Designs and RESULTS Overexpression/knockdown, luciferase reporter and molecular inhibition studies revealed that MUC4 regulates lipocalin 2 by stabilizing HER2 and stimulating AKT, which results in the activation of NF-κB. Immunohistochemical analyses of lipocalin 2 and MUC4 showed a significant positive correlation between MUC4 and lipocalin 2 in primary, metastatic tissues (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.71, P = 0.002) from rapid autopsy tissue sample from patients with pancreatic cancer as well as in serum and tissue samples from spontaneous KRASG(12)D mouse pancreatic cancer model (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.98, P < 0.05). Lipocalin 2 levels increased progressively with disease advancement (344.2 ± 22.8 ng/mL for 10 weeks to 3067.2 ± 572.6 for 50 weeks; P < 0.0001). In human pancreatic cancer cases, significantly elevated levels of lipocalin 2 were observed in patients with pancreatic cancer (148 ± 13.18 ng/mL) in comparison with controls (73.27 ± 4.9 ng/mL, P = 0.014). Analyses of pre- and postchemotherapy patients showed higher lipocalin 2 levels in prechemotherapy patients [121.7 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI), 98.1-150.9] in comparison with the postchemotherapy (92.6 ng/mL; 95% CI, 76.7-111.6; P = 0.06) group. CONCLUSIONS This study delineates the association and the downstream mechanisms of MUC4-regulated elevation of lipocalin-2 (via HER2/AKT/NF-κB) and its clinical significance for prognosis of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder Kaur
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Statistics, Pathology, Surgery; Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, UT Health-UT Health Science Center and Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|