151
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Herbert JM, Jacobson LD. Nature's most squishy ion: The important role of solvent polarization in the description of the hydrated electron. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2010.535342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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152
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Garrett WR. Non-Born–Oppenheimer approximation for very weakly bound states of molecular anions. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:224103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3511638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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153
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Mones L, Rossky PJ, Turi L. Analysis of localization sites for an excess electron in neutral methanol clusters using approximate pseudopotential quantum-mechanical calculations. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:144510. [PMID: 20950020 DOI: 10.1063/1.3503506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Letif Mones
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 112, P. O. Box 32, H-1518, Hungary.
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154
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Bull JN, Maclagan RGAR, Harland PW. Comment on “On the Electron Affinity of Nitromethane (CH 3NO 2)”. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:8018-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp103773v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James N. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Peter W. Harland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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155
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Mones L, Turi L. A new electron-methanol molecule pseudopotential and its application for the solvated electron in methanol. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:154507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3385798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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156
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Mbaiwa F, Wei J, Van Duzor M, Mabbs R. Threshold effects in I−⋅CH3CN and I−⋅H2O cluster anion detachment: The angular distribution as an indicator of electronic autodetachment. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:134304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3380664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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157
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Madarász Á, Rossky PJ, Turi L. Response of Observables for Cold Anionic Water Clusters to Cluster Thermal History. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2331-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908876f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Madarász
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Physical Chemistry, Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Hungary, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, 1 University Station A5300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1167
| | - Peter J. Rossky
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Physical Chemistry, Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Hungary, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, 1 University Station A5300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1167
| | - László Turi
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Physical Chemistry, Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Hungary, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, 1 University Station A5300, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1167
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158
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Wang XJ, Zhu Q, Li YK, Cheng XM, Li XY, Fu KX, He FC. Vertical Detachment Energy of Hydrated Electron Based on a Modified Form of Solvent Reorganization Energy. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:2189-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908759s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jian Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun-Kui Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Min Cheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yuan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke-Xiang Fu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Cheng He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China
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159
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Wang Z, Zhang L, Cukier RI, Bu Y. States and migration of an excess electron in a pyridinium-based, room-temperature ionic liquid: an ab initio molecular dynamics simulation exploration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:1854-61. [DOI: 10.1039/b921104g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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160
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Nazari F, Ansari N. Theoretical insights into the trends in molecular properties of HCY, HSiY and HGeY molecules where Y = N, P, As. J Mol Model 2009; 16:1075-84. [PMID: 19924453 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-009-0600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To obtain insights into the factors that govern the analogy between HCN and its isostructures, HXY where X = C, Si, Ge and Y = N, P, As, the electronic and structural properties of these species in ground, cationic and anionic states at the QCISD, MP2 and B3LYP levels with 6-311++G** basis set and the first exited state with TD-B3LYP method have been presented. The results suggest that there are some correlations between structural and thermodynamic properties of the smallest member of this group (HCN) and heavier congers. The results of computation at these levels also predict the stability of HCAs in the ground state and HCN, HSiN and HGeN in the cationic state from the energetic point of view. Molecular electrostatic potential map inspection shows that in HXN species nucleophilic region positions on N atom but in HXP and HXAs molecules by increasing the size of central atom nucleophilic region shifts from region near X atom toward terminal atom. Finally, the nature of bonds of HXY molecules are systematically studied through atoms in molecules (AIM) and natural bond orbital analyses (NBO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Nazari
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 5195-1159, Zanjan, 45195, Iran.
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161
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Takayanagi T, Yoshikawa T, Motegi H, Shiga M. Path-integral molecular dynamics simulations for water anion clusters (H2O)5- and (D2O)5-. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.09.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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162
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163
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Xu J, Jordan KD. Application of the Diffusion Monte Carlo Method to the Binding of Excess Electrons to Water Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:1364-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9066108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecule and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - K. D. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecule and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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164
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Fischer SA, Duncan WR, Prezhdo OV. Ab Initio Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics of Wet-Electrons on the TiO2 Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:15483-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja906599b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, and Schrodinger Inc., 101 SW Main Street, Suite 1300, Portland, Oregon 97204
| | - Walter R. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, and Schrodinger Inc., 101 SW Main Street, Suite 1300, Portland, Oregon 97204
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, and Schrodinger Inc., 101 SW Main Street, Suite 1300, Portland, Oregon 97204
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165
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Madarász A, Rossky PJ, Turi L. Interior- and surface-bound excess electron states in large water cluster anions. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:124319. [PMID: 19334842 DOI: 10.1063/1.3094732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the results of mixed quantum/classical simulations on relaxed thermal nanoscale water cluster anions, (H(2)O)(n)(-), with n=200, 500, 1000, and 8000. By using initial equilibration with constraints, we investigate stable/metastable negatively charged water clusters with both surface-bound and interior-bound excess electron states. Characterization of these states is performed in terms of geometrical parameters, energetics, and optical absorption spectroscopy of the clusters. The calculations provide data characterizing these states in the gap between previously published calculations and experiments on smaller clusters and the limiting cases of either an excess electron in bulk water or an excess electron at an infinite water/air interface. The present results are in general agreement with previous simulations and provide a consistent picture of the evolution of the physical properties of water cluster anions with size over the entire size range, including results for vertical detachment energies and absorption spectra that would signify their presence. In particular, the difference in size dependence between surface-bound and interior-bound state absorption spectra is dramatic, while for detachment energies the dependence is qualitatively the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adám Madarász
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 112, P. O. Box 32, Budapest H-1518, Hungary.
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166
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Wang Z, Zhang L, Chen X, Cukier RI, Bu Y. Excess Electron Solvation in an Imidazolium-Based Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid Revealed by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:8222-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp902575s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Wang
- The Center for Modeling & Simulation Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
| | - Liang Zhang
- The Center for Modeling & Simulation Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- The Center for Modeling & Simulation Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
| | - Robert I. Cukier
- The Center for Modeling & Simulation Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- The Center for Modeling & Simulation Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
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167
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Ard S, Garrett W, Compton R, Adamowicz L, Stepanian S. Rotational states of dipole-bound anions of hydrogen cyanide. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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168
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Lee HM, Kim KS. Water Dimer Cation: Density Functional Theory vs Ab Initio Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 5:976-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ct800506q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Myoung Lee
- Center for Superfunctional Materials and Center for Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Kwang S. Kim
- Center for Superfunctional Materials and Center for Basic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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169
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Drew MG, De S, Nag S, Datta D. Observation of carbonyl oxygen–π interaction in a metal complex. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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170
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Sommerfeld T, DeFusco A, Jordan KD. Model Potential Approaches for Describing the Interaction of Excess Electrons with Water Clusters: Incorporation of Long-Range Correlation Effects. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11021-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sommerfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, and Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Albert DeFusco
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, and Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Kenneth D. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, and Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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171
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sommerfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, SLU 10878, Hammond, Louisiana 70402
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172
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Abstract
The experimental and theoretical study of molecular anions has undergone explosive growth over the past 40 years. Advances in techniques used to generate anions in appreciable numbers as well as new ion-storage, ion-optics, and laser spectroscopic tools have been key on the experimental front. Theoretical developments on the electronic structure and molecular dynamics fronts now allow one to achieve higher accuracy and to study electronically metastable states, thus bringing theory in close collaboration with experiment in this field. In this article, many of the experimental and theoretical challenges specific to studying molecular anions are discussed. Results from many research groups on several classes of molecular anions are overviewed, and both literature citations and active (in online html and pdf versions) links to numerous contributing scientists' Web sites are provided. Specific focus is made on the following families of anions: dipole-bound, zwitterion-bound, double-Rydberg, multiply charged, metastable, cluster-based, and biological anions. In discussing each kind of anion, emphasis is placed on the structural, energetic, spectroscopic, and chemical-reactivity characteristics that make these anions novel, interesting, and important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Simons
- Chemistry Department, Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, UniVersity of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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173
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Karthikeyan S, Park M, Shin I, Kim KS. Structure, Stability, Thermodynamic Properties, and Infrared Spectra of the Protonated Water Octamer H+(H2O)8. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:10120-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804806u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Karthikeyan
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Mina Park
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Ilgyou Shin
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Kwang S. Kim
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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174
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Yagi K, Okano Y, Sato T, Kawashima Y, Tsuneda T, Hirao K. Water Cluster Anions Studied by the Long-Range Corrected Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9845-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jp802927d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Yagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, and Department of Research Superstar Program, Organization for the Promotion of Advanced Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuko Okano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, and Department of Research Superstar Program, Organization for the Promotion of Advanced Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, and Department of Research Superstar Program, Organization for the Promotion of Advanced Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, and Department of Research Superstar Program, Organization for the Promotion of Advanced Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takao Tsuneda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, and Department of Research Superstar Program, Organization for the Promotion of Advanced Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Hirao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, and Department of Research Superstar Program, Organization for the Promotion of Advanced Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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175
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Ferrón A, Serra P, Kais S. Dimensional scaling for stability of two particles in a dipole field. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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176
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Perez-Peralta N, Sanchez M, Martin-Polo J, Islas R, Vela A, Merino G. Planar Tetracoordinate Carbons in Cyclic Semisaturated Hydrocarbons. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7037-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800885x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Perez-Peralta
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto. México, and Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, A. P. 14-740, México, D.F. 07000, México
| | - Mario Sanchez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto. México, and Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, A. P. 14-740, México, D.F. 07000, México
| | - Jesus Martin-Polo
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto. México, and Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, A. P. 14-740, México, D.F. 07000, México
| | - Rafael Islas
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto. México, and Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, A. P. 14-740, México, D.F. 07000, México
| | - Alberto Vela
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto. México, and Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, A. P. 14-740, México, D.F. 07000, México
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto. México, and Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, A. P. 14-740, México, D.F. 07000, México
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177
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Pratihar S, Chandra A. Microscopic solvation of a lithium atom in water-ammonia mixed clusters: Solvent coordination and electron localization in presence of a counterion. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:024511. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2951989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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178
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Damrauer R, Noble AL. Ions Related to Silynes and Disilynes: Computational Studies. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om701220s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Damrauer
- Chemistry Department, Downtown Campus, University of Colorado, Denver Campus, Box 194, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364
| | - Anna Louise Noble
- Chemistry Department, Downtown Campus, University of Colorado, Denver Campus, Box 194, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364
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179
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Zhang L, Yan S, Cukier RI, Bu Y. Solvation of Excess Electrons in LiF Ionic Pair Matrix: Evidence for a Solvated Dielectron from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:3767-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800381a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, The Modeling & Simulation Chemistry Division, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Shihai Yan
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, The Modeling & Simulation Chemistry Division, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - R. I. Cukier
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, The Modeling & Simulation Chemistry Division, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, The Modeling & Simulation Chemistry Division, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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180
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Ferrón A, Serra P, Kais S. Critical conditions for stable dipole-bound dianions. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:044307. [PMID: 18247949 DOI: 10.1063/1.2822285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We present finite size scaling calculations of the critical parameters for binding two electrons to a finite linear dipole field. This approach gives very accurate results for the critical parameters by using a systematic expansion in a finite basis set. A complete ground state stability diagram for the dipole-bound dianion is obtained using accurate variational and finite size scaling calculations. We also study the near threshold behavior of the ground state energy by calculating its critical exponent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ferrón
- Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
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181
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Almeida TS, Coutinho K, Costa Cabral BJ, Canuto S. Electronic properties of liquid ammonia: A sequential molecular dynamics/quantum mechanics approach. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:014506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2804420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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182
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Timerghazin QK, Peslherbe GH. Electronic Structure of the Acetonitrile and Acetonitrile Dimer Anions: A Topological Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2007; 112:520-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0774948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qadir K. Timerghazin
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Gilles H. Peslherbe
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
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183
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Kołaski M, Lee HM, Pak C, Kim KS. Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent-Driven Dissolution Dynamics of I-(H2O)2-5 upon Excitation: Excited-State ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 130:103-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ja072427c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kołaski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Superfunctional Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Han Myoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Superfunctional Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Chaeho Pak
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Superfunctional Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Kwang S. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Superfunctional Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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184
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Abstract
It is has been established that the excess electrons in small (i.e., n < or = 7) (H2O)n- clusters are bound in the dipole field of the neutral cluster and, thus, exist as surface states. However, the motifs for the binding of an excess electron to larger water clusters remain the subject of considerable debate. The prevailing view is that electrostatic interactions with the "free" OH bonds of the cluster dominate the binding of the excess electron in both small and large clusters. In the present study, a quantum Drude model is used to study selected (H2O)n- clusters in the n = 12-24 size range with the goal of elucidating different possible binding motifs. In addition to the known surface and cavity states, we identify a new binding motif, where the excess electron permeates the hydrogen-bonding network. It is found that electrostatic interactions dominate the binding of the excess electron only for isomers with large dipole moments, whereas in isomers without large dipole moments polarization and correlation effects dominate. Remarkably, for the network-permeating states, the excess electron binds even in the absence of electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sommerfeld
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Materials Simulations, Chevron Science Center, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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185
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Timerghazin QK, Peslherbe GH. Non-nuclear attractor of electron density as a manifestation of the solvated electron. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:064108. [PMID: 17705589 DOI: 10.1063/1.2747250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two or more polar molecules can trap an excess electron either in a dipole-bound fashion where it is located outside of the cluster (dipole-bound electron) or inside the cluster (solvated electron). The topology of the electron density in dipole-bound and solvated-electron clusters has been examined for the paradigm (HF)3- cluster. As spatial confinement of the excess electron increases, a non-nuclear maximum (or attractor) of the electron density eventually forms, which suggests that the solvated electron can be described as a topological atom with its own set of physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qadir K Timerghazin
- Centre for Research in Molecular Modeling, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
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186
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Pratihar S, Chandra A. Electron solvation in water-ammonia mixed clusters: Structure, energetics, and the nature of localization states of the excess electron. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:234510. [PMID: 17600428 DOI: 10.1063/1.2741257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and energetics of water-ammonia mixed clusters with an excess electron, [(H2O)n(NH3)m]- with m=1, n=2-6 and m=2, n=2, and also the corresponding neutral clusters are investigated in detail by means of ab initio quantum chemical calculations. The authors focus on the localization structure of the excess electron with respect to its surface versus interiorlike states, its binding to ammonia versus water molecules, the spatial and orientational arrangement of solvent molecules around the excess electron, the changes of the overall hydrogen-bonded structure of the clusters as compared to those of the neutral ones and associated dipole moment changes, vertical detachment energies of the anionic clusters, and also the vertical attachment energies of the neutral clusters. It is found that the hydrogen-bonded structure of the anionic clusters are very different from those of the neutral clusters unlike the case of water-ammonia dimer anion, and these changes in structural arrangements lead to drastically different dipole moments of the anionic and the neutral clusters. The spatial distribution of the singly occupied molecular orbital holding the excess electron shows only surface states for the smaller clusters. However, for n=5 and 6, both surface and interiorlike binding states are found to exist for the excess electron. For the surface states, the excess electron can be bound to the dangling hydrogens of either an ammonia or a water molecule with different degrees of stability and vertical detachment energies. The interiorlike states, wherever they exist, are found to have a higher vertical detachment energy than any of the surface states of the same cluster. Also, for interiorlike states, the ammonia molecule with its dangling hydrogens is always found to stay on top or on a far side of the charge density of the excess electron without participating in the hydrogen bond network of the cluster; the intermolecular hydrogen bonds are formed by the water molecules only which add to the overall stability of these anionic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Pratihar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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187
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Madarász A, Rossky PJ, Turi L. Excess electron relaxation dynamics at water/air interfaces. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:234707. [PMID: 17600435 DOI: 10.1063/1.2741514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have performed mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics simulations of the relaxation of a ground state excess electron at interfaces of different phases of water with air. The investigated systems included ambient water/air, supercooled water/air, Ih ice/air, and amorphous solid water/air interfaces. The present work explores the possible connections of the examined interfacial systems to finite size cluster anions and the three-dimensional infinite, fully hydrated electron. Localization site analyses indicate that in the absence of nuclear relaxation the electron localizes in a shallow potential trap on the interface in all examined systems in a diffuse, surface-bound (SB) state. With relaxation, the weakly bound electron undergoes an ultrafast localization and stabilization on the surface with the concomitant collapse of its radius. In the case of the ambient liquid interface the electron slowly (on the 10 ps time scale) diffuses into the bulk to form an interior-bound state. In each other case, the excess electron persists on the interface in SB states. The relaxation dynamics occur through distinct SB structures which are easily distinguishable by their energetics, geometries, and interactions with the surrounding water bath. The systems exhibiting the most stable SB excess electron states (supercooled water/air and Ih ice/air interfaces) are identified by their characteristic hydrogen-bonding motifs which are found to contain double acceptor-type water molecules in the close vicinity of the electron. These surface states correlate reasonably with those extrapolated to infinite size from simulated water cluster anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adám Madarász
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, Budapest H-1518, Hungary
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188
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Hao XY, Xu X. Asymmetrically solvated anion with both kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities: Theoretical studies on the cluster anions (HF)n - (n=3-6). J Chem Phys 2007; 126:154308. [PMID: 17461627 DOI: 10.1063/1.2718953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
At the level of MP2 with the aug-cc-pVDZ and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets supplemented with diffuse bond functions, the authors searched the potential energy surfaces of (HF)(n) (-) (n=3-6). In accordance with the literature, they found that the symmetrically solvated-electron anion (3(FH){e}) possesses the largest vertical detachment energy (VDE), while the dipole-bound anion ((FH)(3){e}) is the lowest isomer in energy for (HF)(3) (-). Their calculations demonstrated that, with the increase of the cluster size, the asymmetric (FH)(a){e}(HF)(b) cluster is stabilized with a simultaneously increased VDE. Thus they predicted that, for (HF)(6) (-), the (FH)(4){e}(HF)(2) cluster is both kinetically and thermodynamically most stable, possessing the largest VDE and being the global minimum at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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189
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Cabral do Couto P, Estácio SG, Costa Cabral BJ. The Kohn-Sham density of states and band gap of water: from small clusters to liquid water. J Chem Phys 2007; 123:054510. [PMID: 16108672 DOI: 10.1063/1.1979487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic properties of water clusters (H2O)(n), with n=2, 4, 8, 10, 15, 20, and 30 molecules were investigated by sequential Monte Carlo/density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. DFT calculations were carried out over uncorrelated configurations generated by Monte Carlo simulations of liquid water with a reparametrized exchange-correlation functional that reproduces the experimental information on the electronic properties (first ionization energy and highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap) of the water dimer. The dependence of electronic properties on the cluster size (n) shows that the density of states (DOS) of small water clusters (n>10) exhibits the same basic features that are typical of larger aggregates, such as the mixing of the 3a1 and 1b1 valence bands. When long-ranged polarization effects are taken into account by the introduction of embedding charges, the DOS associated with 3a1 orbitals is significantly enhanced. In agreement with valence-band photoelectron spectra of liquid water, the 1b1, 3a1, and 1b2 electron binding energies in water aggregates are redshifted by approximately 1 eV relative to the isolated molecule. By extrapolating the results for larger clusters the threshold energy for photoelectron emission is 9.6+/-0.15 eV (free clusters) and 10.58+/-0.10 eV (embedded clusters). Our results for the electron affinity (V0=-0.17+/-0.05 eV) and adiabatic band gap (E(G,Ad)=6.83+/-0.05 eV) of liquid water are in excellent agreement with recent information from theoretical and experimental works.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cabral do Couto
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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190
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Sommerfeld T. Doorway mechanism for dissociative electron attachment to fructose. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:124301. [PMID: 17411117 DOI: 10.1063/1.2710275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the three sugars ribose, deoxyribose, and fructose have been shown to undergo dissociative electron attachment at threshold, that is, to fragment upon capture of a zero-energy electron. Here the electron acceptor properties of three fructose isomers are investigated in view of a doorway mechanism. Two key ingredients for a doorway mechanism, a weakly bound state able to support a vibrational Feshbach resonance, and a valence anion more stable than neutral fructose are characterized. Moreover, possible structures for the observed fragment anion (fructose-H2O)- are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sommerfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, SLU 10878, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA.
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191
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Gao B, Liu ZF. Ionization induced relaxation in solvation structure: A comparison between Na(H2O)n and Na(NH3)n. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:084501. [PMID: 17343452 DOI: 10.1063/1.2464109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The constant ionization potential for hydrated sodium clusters Na(H2O)n just beyond n=4, as observed in photoionization experiments, has long been a puzzle in violation of the well-known (n+1)(-1/3) rule that governs the gradual transition in properties from clusters to the bulk. Based on first principles calculations, a link is identified between this puzzle and an important process in solution: the reorganization of the solvation structure after the removal of a charged particle. Na(H2O)n is a prototypical system with a solvated electron coexisting with a solvated sodium ion, and the cluster structure is determined by a balance among three factors: solute-solvent (Na+-H2O), solvent-solvent (H2O-H2O), and electron-solvent (OH{e}HO) interactions. Upon the removal of an electron by photoionization, extensive structural reorganization is induced to reorient OH{e}HO features in the neutral Na(H2O)n for better Na+-H2O and H2O-H2O interactions in the cationic Na+(H2O)n. The large amount of energy released, often reaching 1 eV or more, indicates that experimentally measured ion signals actually come from autoionization via vertical excitation to high Rydberg states below the vertical ionization potential, which induces extensive structural reorganization and the loss of a few solvent molecules. It provides a coherent explanation for all the peculiar features in the ionization experiments, not only for Na(H2O)n but also for Li(H2O)n and Cs(H2O)n. In addition, the contrast between Na(H2O)n and Na(NH3)n experiments is accounted for by the much smaller relaxation energy for Na(NH3)n, for which the structures and energetics are also elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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192
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Kalcher J, Skurski P, Simons J. Electron binding capabilities of some silylenes having small singlet-triplet splittings or triplet ground states. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:401-10. [PMID: 17214478 DOI: 10.1021/jp066551e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several silyl and alkaline metal substituted silylenes have been investigated using the CAS-ACPF method in conjunction with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. Silylsilylene and disilylsilylene are found to have singlet ground states with DeltaEST(-) values of 0.676 and 0.319 eV, respectively. The adiabatic ground state electron affinities are found to be 1.572 and 2.361 eV for HSiSiH(3) and Si(SiH(3))(2). respectively. Both silylenes possesses a stable 2A1 excited negative ion state, with respective adiabatic EA values of 0.037 and 1.000 eV. In contrast, all silylenes with at least one akaline metal substituent exhibit triplet neutral ground states. The metalated silylenes HSiLi, HSiNa, LiSiSiH(3), NaSiLi, SiLi(2), and SiNa(2) have adiabatic ground state EAs somewhat below 1 eV, but each of these negatively charged system possesses up to three bound excited negative ion states, some of which are dipole-bound states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Kalcher
- Department of Chemistry, Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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193
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Tonzani S, Greene CH. Low-energy electron scattering from DNA and RNA bases: shape resonances and radiation damage. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:054312. [PMID: 16468874 DOI: 10.1063/1.2148965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Calculations are carried out to determine elastic-scattering cross sections and resonance energies for low-energy electron impact on uracil and on each of the DNA bases (thymine, cytosine, adenine, and guanine), for isolated molecules in their equilibrium geometry. Our calculations are compared with the available theory and experiment. We also attempt to correlate this information with experimental dissociation patterns through an analysis of the temporary anion structures that are formed by electron capture in shape resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tonzani
- JILA and Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA.
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194
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Sommerfeld T. Multipole-bound states of succinonitrile and other dicarbonitriles. J Chem Phys 2006; 121:4097-104. [PMID: 15332955 DOI: 10.1063/1.1774979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Very recently two anionic states of succinonitrile have been observed, and these two states have been interpreted as a dipole-bound state of the gauche and a quadrupole-bound state of the anti conformer. Here we study the electron binding properties of succinonitrile using high-level ab initio methods. While the dipole-bound state can be investigated using well established approaches, studying the quadrupole-bound state is more challenging owing to the multiconfiguration character of its wave function. The standard methods typically applied to dipole-bound anions fail, and we employ direct electron propagator based and equation-of-motion coupled-cluster methods. Since there is no experience with this type of quadrupole-bound state, various basis set related and methodological aspects are examined in detail. According to our results the quadrupole moment as such plays only a minor role in binding the extra electron, whereas electron correlation effects are decisive. Our best fixed-nuclei electron binding energy is 11 meV. In view of the small binding energy the influence of the nuclear motion on the electron binding properties is examined, in particular, the torsional motion around the central carbon-carbon bond, since it is a very soft mode and the dipole and quadrupole moment depend strongly on it. Our results provide a firm basis to interpret the experimental findings and support the experimental assignments. Moreover, we discuss molecules that possess only a quadrupole-bound state, and preliminary results for dicarbonitriles of bicyclopentane and cubane are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sommerfeld
- Theoretische Chemie, Universitat Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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195
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Bowen MS, Becucci M, Continetti RE. Dissociative photodetachment dynamics of the iodide-aniline cluster. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:133309. [PMID: 17029462 DOI: 10.1063/1.2210010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The photodetachment dynamics of the iodide-aniline cluster, I-(C6H5NH2), were investigated using photoelectron-photofragment coincidence spectroscopy at several photon energies between 3.60 and 4.82 eV in concert with density functional theory calculations. Direct photodetachment from the solvated I- chromophore and a wavelength-independent autodetachment process were observed. Autodetachment is attributed to a charge-transfer-to-solvent reaction in which incipient continuum electrons photodetached from I- are temporarily captured by the nascent neutral iodine-aniline cluster configured in the anion geometry. Subsequent dissociation of the neutral cluster removes the stabilization, leading to autodetachment of the excess electron. The dependence of the dissociative photodetachment (DPD) and autodetachment dynamics on the final spin-orbit electronic state of the iodine fragment is characterized. The dissociation dynamics of the neutral fragments correlated with autodetached electrons were found to be identical to the DPD dynamics of the I atom product spin-orbit state closest to threshold at a given photon energy, lending support to the proposed sequential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shane Bowen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, USA
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196
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Herbert JM, Head-Gordon M. Charge Penetration and the Origin of Large O−H Vibrational Red-Shifts in Hydrated-Electron Clusters, (H2O)n-. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:13932-9. [PMID: 17044721 DOI: 10.1021/ja064949i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The origin of O-H vibrational red-shifts observed experimentally in (H2O)n(-) clusters is analyzed using electronic structure calculations, including natural bond orbital analysis. The red-shifts are shown to arise from significant charge transfer and strong donor-acceptor stabilization between the unpaired electron and O-H sigma* orbitals on a nearby water molecule in a double hydrogen-bond-acceptor ("AA") configuration. The extent of e(-) --> sigma* charge transfer is comparable to the n --> sigma* charge transfer in the most strongly hydrogen-bonded X(-)(H2O) complexes (e.g., X = F, O, OH), even though the latter systems exhibit much larger vibrational red-shifts. In X(-)(H2O), the proton affinity of X(-) induces a low-energy XH...(-)OH diabatic state that becomes accessible in v = 1 of the shared-proton stretch, leading to substantial anharmonicity in this mode. In contrast, the H + (-)OH(H2O)(n-1) diabat of (H2O)n(-) is not energetically accessible; thus, the O-H stretching modes of the AA water are reasonably harmonic, and their red-shifts are less dramatic. Only a small amount of charge penetrates beyond the AA water molecule, even upon vibrational excitation of these AA modes. Implications for modeling of the aqueous electron are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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197
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Herbert JM, Head-Gordon M. First-principles, quantum-mechanical simulations of electron solvation by a water cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:14282-7. [PMID: 16973747 PMCID: PMC1599955 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603679103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous experiments and static electronic structure calculations, the nature of hydrated-electron clusters, (H2O)(n)(-), remains poorly understood. Here, we introduce a hybrid ab initio molecular dynamics scheme, balancing accuracy against feasibility, to simulate vibrational and photoelectron spectra of (H(2)O)(n)(-), treating all electrons quantum-mechanically. This methodology provides a computational tool for understanding the spectra of weakly bound and supramolecular anions and for elucidating the fingerprint of dynamics in these spectra. Simulations of (H2O)(4)(-) provide quantitative agreement with experimental spectra and furnish direct evidence of the nonequilibrium nature of the cluster ensemble that is probed experimentally. The simulations also provide an estimate of the cluster temperature (T approximately 150-200 K) that is not available from experiment alone. The "double acceptor" electron-binding motif is found to be highly stable with respect to thermal fluctuations, even at T = 300 K, whereas the extra electron stabilizes what would otherwise be unfavorable water configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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198
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Zhao J, Li B, Onda K, Feng M, Petek H. Solvated Electrons on Metal Oxide Surfaces. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4402-27. [PMID: 17031992 DOI: 10.1021/cr050173c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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199
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Smallwood CJ, Mejia CN, Glover WJ, Larsen RE, Schwartz BJ. A computationally efficient exact pseudopotential method. II. Application to the molecular pseudopotential of an excess electron interacting with tetrahydrofuran (THF). J Chem Phys 2006; 125:074103. [PMID: 16942318 DOI: 10.1063/1.2218835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the preceding paper, we presented an analytic reformulation of the Phillips-Kleinman (PK) pseudopotential theory. In the PK theory, the number of explicitly treated electronic degrees of freedom in a multielectron problem is reduced by forcing the wave functions of the few electrons of interest (the valence electrons) to be orthogonal to those of the remaining electrons (the core electrons); this results in a new Schrodinger equation for the valence electrons in which the effects of the core electrons are treated implicitly via an extra term known as the pseudopotential. Although this pseudopotential must be evaluated iteratively, our reformulation of the theory allows the exact pseudopotential to be found without ever having to evaluate the potential energy operator, providing enormous computational savings. In this paper, we present a detailed computational procedure for implementing our reformulation of the PK theory, and we illustrate our procedure on the largest system for which an exact pseudopotential has been calculated, that of an excess electron interacting with a tetrahyrdrofuran (THF) molecule. We discuss the numerical stability of several approaches to the iterative solution for the pseudopotential, and find that once the core wave functions are available, the full e(-)-THF pseudopotential can be calculated in less than 3 s on a relatively modest single processor. We also comment on how the choice of basis set affects the calculated pseudopotential, and provide a prescription for correcting unphysical behavior that arises at long distances if a localized Gaussian basis set is used. Finally, we discuss the effective e(-)-THF potential in detail, and present a multisite analytic fit of the potential that is suitable for use in molecular simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jay Smallwood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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200
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Turi L, Madarász A, Rossky PJ. Excess electron localization sites in neutral water clusters. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:014308. [PMID: 16863299 DOI: 10.1063/1.2213965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We present approximate pseudopotential quantum-mechanical calculations of the excess electron states of equilibrated neutral water clusters sampled by classical molecular dynamics simulations. The internal energy of the clusters are representative of those present at temperatures of 200 and 300 K. Correlated electronic structure calculations are used to validate the pseudopotential for this purpose. We find that the neutral clusters support localized, bound excess electron ground states in about 50% of the configurations for the smallest cluster size studied (n = 20), and in almost all configurations for larger clusters (n > 66). The state is always exterior to the molecular frame, forming typically a diffuse surface state. Both cluster size and temperature dependence of energetic and structural properties of the clusters and the electron distribution are explored. We show that the stabilization of the electron is strongly correlated with the preexisting instantaneous dipole moment of the neutral clusters, and its ground state energy is reflected in the electronic radius. The findings are consistent with electron attachment via an initial surface state. The hypothetical spectral dynamics following such attachment is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Turi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary.
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