151
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Zhang Y, Cai X, Chai N, Gu Y, Zhang S, Ding M, Cao H, Sha S, Yin J, Li M, Wu K, Nie Y. SIRT1 Is Reduced in Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Acts as a Potential Tumor Suppressor in Gastric Cancer. Gastrointest Tumors 2015. [DOI: 10.1159/000441460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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152
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Qin J, Kilkus J, Dawson G. The hyaluronic acid inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone is an NSMase2 activator-role of Ceramide in MU anti-tumor activity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1861:78-90. [PMID: 26548718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA) is often associated with increased metastatic potential and invasivity of tumor cells. 4-Methylumbelliferone (MU) is an inhibitor of HA synthesis, and has been studied as a potential anti-tumor drug to inhibit the growth of primary tumors and distant metastasis of tumor cells. Although several studies reported that the anticancer effects of MU are mediated by inhibition of HA signaling, the mechanism still needs to be clarified. In a previous study we demonstrated the regulation of HA synthesis by ceramide, and now show how MU activated neutral sphingomyelinase2 (NSMase2) generates ceramides and mediates MU induced inhibition of HA synthesis, cell migration and invasion, and apoptosis of tumor cells. Using a HA enriched mouse oligodendroglioma cell line G26-24 we found that MU elevated the activity of NSMase2 and increased ceramide levels, which in turn increased phosphatase PP2A activity. Further, the activated PP2A reduced phosphorylation of Akt, decreased activities of HA synthase2 (HAS2) and calpains, and inhibited both the synthesis of HA, and the migration and invasion of G26-24 tumor cells. In addition, MU mediated ceramide stimulated activation of p53 and caspase-3, reduced SIRT1 expression and decreased G26-24 viability. The mechanism of the MU anticancer therefore initially involves NSMase2/ceramide/PP2A/AKT/HAS2/caspase-3/p53/SIRT1 and the calpain signaling pathway, suggesting that ceramides play a key role in the ability of a tumor to become aggressively metastatic and grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - John Kilkus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Glyn Dawson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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153
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Shuang T, Wang M, Zhou Y, Shi C. Over-expression of Sirt1 contributes to chemoresistance and indicates poor prognosis in serous epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Med Oncol 2015; 32:260. [PMID: 26520143 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal malignancy in female patients, and chemoresistance is the major contribution to low over survival rate. We aim to investigate the correction between Sirt1 expression and chemoresistance in serous epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and prognosis significance of Sirt1. Immunochemistry was used to determine the location pattern and expression of Sirt1 in a total of 63 serous EOC patients (28 cases of chemoresistance patients and 35 chemosensitive).The relationship between Sirt1 expression and clinicopathological features of serous EOC was analyzed. Univariate analysis and multifactor logistic regression analysis were applied to investigate risk factor for chemoresistance. Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were applied to determine the prognosis factor and survival time. Immunohistochemistry proved that over-expression of nuclear Sirt1 was related to chemoresistance (P = 0.039). Multivariate logistic regression analysis proved that the nuclear expression of Sirt1 (P = 0.018) and the lymph node metastasis (P = 0.037) was independent risk factors for chemoresistance in serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Multivariate Cox regression result indicated that expression of Sirt1 (P = 0.026, RR 2.434, 95 % CI 1.109-5.339) and stage (P = 0.005, RR 2.366, 95 % CI 1.288-4.345) was independent prognostic factors. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the survival rate is significantly decreased in the Sirt1 highly expressed group. Western blot result showed that the protein level of Sirt1 was significantly higher in chemoresistant group compared with in sensitive group. In conclusion, our results proved that over-expression of Sirt1 could play an important role in chemoresistance of serous EOC and could be a prognosis indicator for the patient's survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Cong Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
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154
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Kiga K, Fukuda-Yuzawa Y, Tanabe M, Tsuji S, Sasakawa C, Fukao T. Comprehensive silencing of target-sharing microRNAs is a mechanism for SIRT1 overexpression in cancer. RNA Biol 2015; 11:1347-54. [PMID: 25483038 DOI: 10.4161/rna.32093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of SIRT1 is frequently observed in various types of cancers, suggesting its potential role in malignancies. However, the molecular basis of how SIRT1 is elevated in cancer is less understood. Here we show that cancer-related SIRT1 overexpression is due to evasion of Sirt1 mRNA from repression by a group of Sirt1-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) that might be robustly silenced in cancer. Our comprehensive library-based screening and subsequent miRNA gene profiling revealed a housekeeping gene-like broad expression pattern and strong CpG island-association of the Sirt1-targeting miRNA genes. This suggests aberrant CpG DNA methylation as the mechanistic background for malignant SIRT1 elevation. Our work also provides an example where epigenetic mechanisms cause the group-wide regulation of miRNAs sharing a common key target.
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Key Words
- 3′UTR, 3′ untranslated region
- 5-Aza-dC, 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine
- CGIs, CpG islands
- DNA methylation
- E2F1, E2F transcription factor 1
- FOXO, forkhead box O
- HIC1, hypermethylated in cancer 1
- LXR, liver X receptor
- MicroRNA
- MyoD, myogenic differentiation 1
- NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B
- OVCA1, ovarian cancer-associated gene 1 protein
- OVCA2, ovarian cancer-associated gene 2 protein
- PARP, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha
- PUMA, p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis
- SIRT1
- SIRT1, sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1 (S. cerevisiae)
- SMG6, smg-6 homolog, nonsense mediated mRNA decay factor (C. elegans)
- Sir2, Silent information regulator 2
- cancer
- epigenetics
- p53, protein 53
- pri-miRNA, primary miRNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Kiga
- a Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics ; Freiburg , Germany
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155
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Zhang S, Zhang D, Yi C, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang J. MicroRNA-22 functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting SIRT1 in renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:559-67. [PMID: 26499759 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that microRNA-22 (miR-22) was deregulated in many types of cancers and was involved in various cellular processes related to carcinogenesis. However, the exact roles and mechanisms of miR-22 remain unknown in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, the relationship between miR-22 expression pattern and clinicopathological features of patients with EOC were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, the role of miR-22 and possible molecular mechanisms in EOC were investigated by several in vitro approaches and in a nude mouse model. Results from qRT-PCR showed that miR-22 was significantly downregulated in RCC samples compared with corresponding non-cancerous tissues, which was significantly associated with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. Functional study demonstrated that enforced overexpression of miR-22 in renal cancer cells inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. In addition, SIRT1 was identified as a direct target of miR-22 by a luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression of miR-22 activated p53 and its downstream target p21 and PUMA, and the apoptosis markers cleaved CASP3 and PARP, and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These findings showed that miR-22 functioned as tumor suppressor in RCC and blocked RCC growth and metastasis by directly targeting SIRT1 in RCC, indicating a potential novel therapeutic role in RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoulin Zhang
- Internal Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Scientific Research Office, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chunguang Yi
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun Jingyue National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Yinping Wang
- Internal Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hongan Wang
- Internal Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Internal Medicine Department, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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156
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Batra A, Kashyap S, Singh L, Bakhshi S. Sirtuin1 Expression and Correlation with Histopathological Features in Retinoblastoma. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2015; 2:86-90. [PMID: 27172132 DOI: 10.1159/000439594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) is a member of highly conserved proteins and has been implicated as a tumor promoter as well as a tumor suppressor. One of the mechanisms involves deacetylation of retinoblastoma protein, thereby inhibiting the tumor suppressor function. No study has been reported on the expression of Sirt1 in retinoblastoma. METHODS We assessed the expression of Sirt1 in sections of archived tissue blocks of enucleated and exenterated specimens of retinoblastoma patients by immunohistochemistry. The histopathological features were reviewed and correlated with the expression of Sirt1. The effect of Sirt1 expression on survival was also assessed. RESULTS Retrospective data of 94 patients revealed that the median age at presentation was 36 months, with a male:female ratio of 1.9:1. Fifty-one percent of the patients had International Retinoblastoma Staging System (IRSS) stage 1 disease. Of the 94 sections, 89 (95%) expressed Sirt1. Forty-eight percent of the specimens showed grade 3 staining (>75% of the cells), and the intensity was 3+ in 53%. No association between Sirt1 expression and any histopathological feature was noted. Further, Sirt1 expression did not affect the overall and progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Sirt1 was expressed in most of the retinoblastoma samples. However, the degree of Sirt1 expression was not associated with any high-risk histopathological feature or survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Batra
- Departments of Medical Oncology, New Delhi, India; Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, New Delhi, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Departments of Ocular Pathology, New Delhi, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lata Singh
- Departments of Ocular Pathology, New Delhi, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Departments of Medical Oncology, New Delhi, India; Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, New Delhi, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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157
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Di Sante G, Pestell TG, Casimiro MC, Bisetto S, Powell MJ, Lisanti MP, Cordon-Cardo C, Castillo-Martin M, Bonal DM, Debattisti V, Chen K, Wang L, He X, McBurney MW, Pestell RG. Loss of Sirt1 promotes prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, reduces mitophagy, and delays PARK2 translocation to mitochondria. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:266-79. [PMID: 25529796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a precursor to prostate cancer. Herein, deletion of the NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase Sirt1 induced histological features of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia at 7 months of age; these features were associated with increased cell proliferation and enhanced mitophagy. In human prostate cancer, lower Sirt1 expression in the luminal epithelium was associated with poor prognosis. Genetic deletion of Sirt1 increased mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) acetylation of lysine residue 68, thereby enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reducing SOD2 activity. The PARK2 gene, which has several features of a tumor suppressor, encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase that participates in removal of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. Increased ROS in Sirt1(-/-) cells enhanced the recruitment of Park2 to the mitochondria, inducing mitophagy. Sirt1 restoration inhibited PARK2 translocation and ROS production requiring the Sirt1 catalytic domain. Thus, the NAD(+)-dependent inhibition of SOD2 activity and ROS by SIRT1 provides a gatekeeper function to reduce PARK2-mediated mitophagy and aberrant cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Sante
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy G Pestell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mathew C Casimiro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara Bisetto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Powell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology and Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology and Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Dennis M Bonal
- Department of Pathology and Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Valentina Debattisti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, MitoCare Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaohong He
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W McBurney
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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158
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Jeong SM, Haigis MC. Sirtuins in Cancer: a Balancing Act between Genome Stability and Metabolism. Mol Cells 2015; 38:750-8. [PMID: 26420294 PMCID: PMC4588717 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability and altered metabolism are key features of most cancers. Recent studies suggest that metabolic reprogramming is part of a systematic response to cellular DNA damage. Thus, defining the molecules that fine-tune metabolism in response to DNA damage will enhance our understanding of molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and have profound implications for the development of strategies for cancer therapy. Sirtuins have been established as critical regulators in cellular homeostasis and physiology. Here, we review the emerging data revealing a pivotal function of sirtuins in genome maintenance and cell metabolism, and highlight current advances about the phenotypic consequences of defects in these critical regulators in tumorigenesis. While many questions should be addressed about the regulation and context-dependent functions of sirtuins, it appears clear that sirtuins may provide a promising, exciting new avenue for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701,
Korea
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701,
Korea
| | - Marcia C. Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
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159
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Wang S, Wang X, Guo Q, Wang G, Han X, Li X, Shi ZW, He W. MicroRNA-126 Overexpression Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion in Osteosarcoma Cells. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015; 15:NP49-59. [PMID: 26319109 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615601563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the biological effects of microRNA-126 overexpression in human MG63 osteosarcoma cells. A recombinant plasmid expressing microRNA-126, pcDNA6.2-microRNA-126, was constructed and transfected into MG63 cells. Using real-time fluorogenic quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the microRNA-126 expression was measured in microRNA-126-MG63 group, Ctrl-MG63 group, and blank group. Cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, cell migration, and invasion were analyzed using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, flow cytometer, wound-healing assay, and transwell assay, respectively. As expected, microRNA-126 expression was higher in microRNA-126-MG63 group than in Ctrl-MG63 group and blank group (both P < .05). After 48/72 hours of transfection, cell proliferation in microRNA-126-MG63 group was significantly reduced compared to blank group (both P < .05). Compared to blank group, cell population in G0/G1 stage was significantly higher in microRNA-126-MG63 group, accompanied by lower cell numbers in the S and G2/M phases and decreased proliferation index (all P < .05). Wound-healing assay showed a wider scratch width in microRNA-126-MG63 group and reduced cell migration than blank group (both P < .05). Cells overexpressing microRNA-126 exhibited reduced ADAM9 expression levels compared to other 2 groups (all P < .05), suggesting ADAM9 is a target of microRNA-126. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion rates were reduced in microRNA-126 group after 48/72 hours of transfection, compared with blank group (all P < .05). Cotransfection of pcDNA6.2-microRNA-126 and pMIR-ADAM9 into MG63 cells led to higher cell proliferation, invasion, and migration rates, compared with transfection of pcDNA6.2-microRNA-126 alone (all P < .05). In summary, our data show that microRNA-126 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in human osteosarcoma cells by targeting ADAM9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaihua Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Bone Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi, Lanshan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Bone Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi, Lanshan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Guilong Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Bone Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi, Lanshan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiangzhen Han
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Bone Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi, Lanshan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Bone Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi, Lanshan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zuo-Wei Shi
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Bone Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi, Lanshan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Bone Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Linyi, Lanshan, Shandong, P.R. China
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160
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Zhang XL, Chen ML, Zhou SL. Fentanyl increases colorectal carcinoma cell apoptosis by inhibition of NF-κB in a Sirt1-dependent manner. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10015-20. [PMID: 25520062 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.22.10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fentanyl is used as an analgesic to treat pain in a variety of patients with cancer and recently it has become considered to also act as an antitumor agent. The study present was designed to investigate the effects of fentanyl on colorectal cancer cell growth and plausible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116 was subcutaneously injected into nude mice. The viability of HCT116 was tested by MTT assay, and apoptosis by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity. The expression of Sirt1 and NF-κB were evaluated by Western blotting and the levels of Sirt1 and NF-κB by fluorescence method. SiRNA was used to silence and Ad-Sirt1 to overexpress Sirt1. RESULTS Our data showed that fentanyl could inhibit tumor growth, with increased expression of Sirt1 and down-regulation of Ac-p65 in tumors. Compared with control cells without treatment, HCT116 cells that were incubated with fentanyl had a higher apoptotic rate. Moreover, fentanyl could increase expression and activity of Sirt1 and inhibitor expression and activity of NF-κB, which might be mechanisms of fentanyl action. CONCLUSIONS Fentanyl increased colorectal carcinoma cell apoptosis by inhibition of NF-κB activation in a Sirt1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Lai Zhang
- The Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery, International Healthcare Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China E-mail :
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161
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Santolla MF, Avino S, Pellegrino M, De Francesco EM, De Marco P, Lappano R, Vivacqua A, Cirillo F, Rigiracciolo DC, Scarpelli A, Abonante S, Maggiolini M. SIRT1 is involved in oncogenic signaling mediated by GPER in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2015. [PMID: 26225773 PMCID: PMC4650744 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A number of tumors exhibit an altered expression of sirtuins, including NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) that may act as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter mainly depending on the tumor types. For instance, in breast cancer cells SIRT1 was shown to exert an essential role toward the oncogenic signaling mediated by the estrogen receptor-α (ERα). In accordance with these findings, the suppression of SIRT1 led to the inhibition of the transduction pathway triggered by ERα. As the regulation of SIRT1 has not been investigated in cancer cells lacking ER, in the present study we ascertained the expression and function of SIRT1 by estrogens in ER-negative breast cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts obtained from breast cancer patients. Our results show that 17β-estradiol (E2) and the selective ligand of GPER, namely G-1, induce the expression of SIRT1 through GPER and the subsequent activation of the EGFR/ERK/c-fos/AP-1 transduction pathway. Moreover, we demonstrate that SIRT1 is involved in the pro-survival effects elicited by E2 through GPER, like the prevention of cell cycle arrest and cell death induced by the DNA damaging agent etoposide. Interestingly, the aforementioned actions of estrogens were abolished silencing GPER or SIRT1, as well as using the SIRT1 inhibitor Sirtinol. In addition, we provide evidence regarding the involvement of SIRT1 in tumor growth stimulated by GPER ligands in breast cancer cells and xenograft models. Altogether, our data suggest that SIRT1 may be included in the transduction network activated by estrogens through GPER toward the breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Santolla
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - S Avino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - M Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - E M De Francesco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - P De Marco
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - R Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - A Vivacqua
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - F Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - D C Rigiracciolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - A Scarpelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - S Abonante
- Breast Cancer Unit, Regional Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - M Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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162
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The epigenetics of prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis: update on clinical applications. Curr Opin Urol 2015; 25:83-8. [PMID: 25405932 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is a major deficit in our ability to detect and predict the clinical behavior of prostate cancer (PCa). Epigenetic changes are associated with PCa development and progression. This review will focus on recent results in the clinical application of diagnostic and prognostic epigenetic markers. RECENT FINDINGS The development of high throughput technology has seen an enormous increase in the discovery of new markers that encompass epigenetic changes including those in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Application of these findings to urine and other biofluids, but also cancer and noncancerous prostate tissue, has resulted in new biomarkers. There has been a recent commercial development of a DNA methylation-based assay for identifying PCa risk from normal biopsy tissue. Other biomarkers are currently in the validation phase and encompass combinations of multiple genes. SUMMARY Epigenetic changes improve the specificity and sensitivity of PCa diagnosis and have the potential to help determine clinical prognosis. Additional studies will not only provide new and better biomarker candidates, but also have the potential to inform new therapeutic strategies given the reversibility of these processes.
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Zhang J, Shen L, Sun LQ. The regulation of radiosensitivity by p53 and its acetylation. Cancer Lett 2015; 363:108-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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McGlynn LM, McCluney S, Jamieson NB, Thomson J, MacDonald AI, Oien K, Dickson EJ, Carter CR, McKay CJ, Shiels PG. SIRT3 & SIRT7: Potential Novel Biomarkers for Determining Outcome in Pancreatic Cancer Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131344. [PMID: 26121130 PMCID: PMC4487247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The sirtuin gene family has been linked with tumourigenesis, in both a tumour promoter and suppressor capacity. Information regarding the function of sirtuins in pancreatic cancer is sparse and equivocal. We undertook a novel study investigating SIRT1-7 protein expression in a cohort of pancreatic tumours. The aim of this study was to establish a protein expression profile for SIRT1-7 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) and to determine if there were associations between SIRT1-7 expression, clinico-pathological parameters and patient outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of SIRT1-7 protein levels was undertaken in a tissue micro-array comprising 77 resected PDACs. Statistical analyses determined if SIRT1-7 protein expression was associated with clinical parameters or outcome. RESULTS Two sirtuin family members demonstrated significant associations with clinico-pathological parameters and patient outcome. Low level SIRT3 expression in the tumour cytoplasm correlated with more aggressive tumours, and a shorter time to relapse and death, in the absence of chemotherapeutic intervention. Low levels of nuclear SIRT7 expression were also associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype and poorer outcome, as measured by disease-free and disease-specific survival time, 12 months post-diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that SIRT3 and SIRT7 possess tumour suppressor properties in the context of pancreatic cancer. SIRT3 may also represent a novel predictive biomarker to determine which patients may or may not respond to chemotherapy. This study opens up an interesting avenue of investigation to potentially identify predictive biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer, a disease that has seen no significant improvement in survival over the past 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane M. McGlynn
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon McCluney
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel B. Jamieson
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Academic Department of Surgery, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Thomson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Karin Oien
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Pathology, Wolfson Building, Beatson Labs, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Euan J. Dickson
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - C. Ross Carter
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. McKay
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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165
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Qiu G, Li X, Che X, Wei C, He S, Lu J, Jia Z, Pang K, Fan L. SIRT1 is a regulator of autophagy: Implications in gastric cancer progression and treatment. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2034-42. [PMID: 26049033 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Silent mating type information regulation 1 (SIRT1) is implicated in tumorigenesis through its effect on autophagy. In gastric cancer (GC), SIRT1 is a marker for prognosis and is involved in cell invasion, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance. Autophagy can function as a cell-survival mechanism or lead to cell death during the genesis and treatment of GC. This functionality is determined by factors including the stage of the tumor, cellular context and stress levels. Interestingly, SIRT1 can regulate autophagy through the deacetylation of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) and mediators of autophagy. Taken together, these findings support the need for continued research efforts to understand the mechanisms mediating the development of gastric cancer and unveil new strategies to eradicate this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuqi Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiangming Che
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chao Wei
- Xi'an Health School, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shicai He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zongliang Jia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ke Pang
- Shaanxi Friendship Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi Sirtuins as Possible Drug Targets for Chagas Disease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:4669-79. [PMID: 26014945 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04694-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation of lysine is a major posttranslational modification of proteins and is catalyzed by lysine acetyltransferases, while lysine deacetylases remove acetyl groups. Among the deacetylases, the sirtuins are NAD(+)-dependent enzymes, which modulate gene silencing, DNA damage repair, and several metabolic processes. As sirtuin-specific inhibitors have been proposed as drugs for inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells, in this study, we investigated the role of these inhibitors in the growth and differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease. We found that the use of salermide during parasite infection prevented growth and initial multiplication after mammalian cell invasion by T. cruzi at concentrations that did not affect host cell viability. In addition, in vivo infection was partially controlled upon administration of salermide. There are two sirtuins in T. cruzi, TcSir2rp1 and TcSir2rp3. By using specific antibodies and cell lines overexpressing the tagged versions of these enzymes, we found that TcSir2rp1 is localized in the cytosol and TcSir2rp3 in the mitochondrion. TcSir2rp1 overexpression acts to impair parasite growth and differentiation, whereas the wild-type version of TcSir2rp3 and not an enzyme mutated in the active site improves both. The effects observed with TcSir2rp3 were fully reverted by adding salermide, which inhibited TcSir2rp3 expressed in Escherichia coli with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) ± standard error of 1 ± 0.5 μM. We concluded that sirtuin inhibitors targeting TcSir2rp3 could be used in Chagas disease chemotherapy.
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167
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Li C, Wang L, Zheng L, Zhan X, Xu B, Jiang J, Wu C. SIRT1 expression is associated with poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:977-84. [PMID: 25995644 PMCID: PMC4425340 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s82378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported that the overexpression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was associated with poor prognosis in various human cancers. However, little is known regarding the prognostic value of SIRT1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the role of SIRT1 in the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Using a tissue microarray, we detected SIRT1 expression by immunohistochemistry in lung adenocarcinoma tissue, as well as in corresponding noncancerous tissues (NCTs). A high expression level of SIRT1 was observed in 74.7% (56/75) of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 6.7% (5/75) of NCTs (P<0.001). SIRT1 expression was significantly associated with high pathological stage. Importantly, we found that SIRT1 expression was associated with worse overall survival in these lung adenocarcinoma patients (67.0 months vs 104.5 months; P=0.005). In addition, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Survivin expression were evaluated by fluorescent in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry, respectively. We found that VEGF and Survivin were both highly expressed in the lung adenocarcinoma tissues, as compared to NCTs. Moreover, the SIRT1 and VEGF expression statuses were significantly positively correlated (r=0.238, P=0.039), while SIRT1 and Survivin expression status were not significantly correlated (r=0.220, P=0.058). Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between VEGF and Survivin expression (r=0.436, P<0.001). However, we found that VEGF and Survivin expression were not associated with the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients (P=0.334; P=0.433, respectively). Taken together, our findings suggest that SIRT1 plays a role in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and may be a significant prognostic indicator for lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China ; Cancer Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Medical Education, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China ; Cancer Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China ; Cancer Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changping Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China ; Cancer Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
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168
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Expression of sirtuin 1 and 2 is associated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124670. [PMID: 25915617 PMCID: PMC4411155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) are NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases involved in the regulation of key cancer-associated genes. In this study we evaluated the relevance of these deacetylases in lung cancer biology. Material and Methods Protein levels of SIRT1 and SIRT2 were determined in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and primary tumors from 105 patients. Changes in proliferation were assessed after SIRT1 and SIRT2 downregulation in lung cancer cell lines using siRNA-mediated technology or tenovin-1, a SIRT1 and SIRT2 inhibitor. Results High SIRT1 and SIRT2 protein levels were found in NSCLC cell lines compared with non-tumor lung epithelial cells. The expression of SIRT1 and SIRT2 proteins was also significantly higher in lung primary tumors than in normal tissue (P<0.001 for both sirtuins). Stronger nuclear SIRT1 staining was observed in adenocarcinomas than in squamous cell carcinomas (P=0.033). Interestingly, in NSCLC patients, high SIRT1 and SIRT2 expression levels were associated with shorter recurrence-free survival (P=0.04 and P=0.007, respectively). Moreover, the combination of high SIRT1 and SIRT2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for shorter recurrence-free survival (P=0.002) and overall survival (P=0.022). In vitro studies showed that SIRT1 and/or SIRT2 downregulation significantly decreased proliferation of NSCLC. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that SIRT1 and SIRT2 have a protumorigenic role in lung cancer, promoting cell proliferation. Moreover, the expression of these proteins is associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients and may help to identify those NSCLC patients with high risk of recurrence that could benefit from adjuvant therapy after resection.
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169
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Song CL, Tang H, Ran LK, Ko BCB, Zhang ZZ, Chen X, Ren JH, Tao NN, Li WY, Huang AL, Chen J. Sirtuin 3 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth through the glycogen synthase kinase-3β/BCL2-associated X protein-dependent apoptotic pathway. Oncogene 2015; 35:631-41. [PMID: 25915842 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SIRT3 is a class III histone deacetylase that has been implicated in a variety of cancers. The role of SIRT3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. In this study, we found that SIRT3 expression was frequently repressed in HCC and its downregulation was closely associated with tumor grade and size. Ectopic expression of SIRT3 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in HCC cells, whereas depletion of SIRT3 in immortalized hepatocyte promoted cell growth and decreased epirubicin-induced apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that SIRT3 deacetylated and activated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which subsequently induced expression and mitochondrial translocation of the pro-apoptotic protein BCL2-associated X protein (Bax) to promote apoptosis. GSK-3β inhibitor or gene silencing of BAX reversed SIRT3-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Furthermore, SIRT3 overexpression also suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Together, this study reveals a role of SIRT3/GSK-3β/Bax signaling pathway in the suppression of HCC growth, and also suggests that targeting this pathway may represent a potential therapeutic approach for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-L Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L-K Ran
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - B C B Ko
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Z-Z Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J-H Ren
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - N-N Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - W-Y Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - A-L Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - J Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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170
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Sirtuin-4 (SIRT4) is downregulated and associated with some clinicopathological features in gastric adenocarcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 72:135-9. [PMID: 26054687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several members of the SIRT family (SIRT1-7), which are a highly conserved family of NAD(+)-dependent enzymes, play an important role in tumor formation. Recently, several studies have suggested that SIRT4 can regulate glutamine metabolism yet have tumor suppressor function too. However, our understanding of SIRT4 expression and its association with the clinicopathological parameters remains poor. METHOD We evaluated SIRT4 protein expression levels in gastric adenocarcinoma and corresponding normal gastric tissue by immunohistochemical staining on a tissue microarray that included 75 gastric adenocarcinoma patients. We also determined the association between SIRT4 expression levels and selected clinicopathological parameters in gastric adenocarcinoma. RESULTS We found that the expression level of SIRT4 in gastric adenocarcinoma was significantly lower than the corresponding normal tissue levels (P=0.003). Besides, lower SIRT4 levels were observed in pathological grade (P=0.002), depth of tumor invasion (P=0.034), positive lymph node numbers (P=0.005) and UICC stage (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the notion that SIRT4 behaves as a tumor suppressor at the human tissue protein level. In addition, our data indicate that SIRT4 might be closely involved in the process of gastric adenocarcinoma development and it might potentially serve as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric adenocarcinoma.
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171
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Jin Y, Cao Q, Chen C, Du X, Jin B, Pan J. Tenovin-6-mediated inhibition of SIRT1/2 induces apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells and eliminates ALL stem/progenitor cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:226. [PMID: 25884180 PMCID: PMC4394409 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous group of malignant disorders derived from B- or T-cell lymphoid progenitor cells. ALL often is refractory to or relapses after treatment; thus, novel targeted therapy for ALL is urgently needed. In the present study, we initially found that the level of SIRT1, a class III histone deacetylase, was higher in primary ALL cells from patients than in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals. But it is not clear whether inhibition of SIRT1 by its selective small molecule inhibitor Tenovin-6 is effective against ALL cells. Methods We tested the effect of Tenovin-6 on ALL cell lines (REH and NALM-6) and primary cells from 41 children with ALL and 2 adult patients with ALL. The effects of Tenovin-6 on cell viability were determined by MTS assay; colony-forming assays were determined by soft agar in ALL cell lines and methylcellulose medium in normal bone marrow cells and primary ALL blast cells; cell apoptosis and cell cycling were examined by flow cytometry; the signaling pathway was determined by Western blotting; ALL stem/progenitor cells were seperated by using MACS MicroBead kit. Results The results showed that Tenovin-6 treatment activated p53, potently inhibited the growth of pre-B ALL cells and primary ALL cells, and sensitized ALL cells to frontline chemotherapeutic agents etoposide and cytarabine. Tenovin-6 induced apoptosis in REH and NALM-6 cells and primary ALL cells and diminished expression of Mcl-1 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in such cells. Furthermore, inhibition of SIRT1 by Tenovin-6 inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and eliminated ALL stem/progenitor (CD133 + CD19-) cells. Conclusion Our results indicate that Tenovin-6 may be a promising targeted therapy for ALL and clinical trials are warranted to investigate its efficacy in ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Jin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Present address: Institute of Tumor Pharmacology, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, 601 West Huangpu Blvd., Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bei Jin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingxuan Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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172
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SIRT1 inhibition in pancreatic cancer models: contrasting effects in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 757:59-67. [PMID: 25843411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine remains the standard treatment for pancreatic cancer, although most patients acquire resistance to the therapy. Up-regulated in pancreatic cancer, SIRT1 is involved in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. However the mechanism through which SIRT1 regulates drug sensitivity in cancer cells is mainly unknown. We hypothesise that inhibiting SIRT1 activity may increase sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine treatment through the regulation of apototic cell death, cell cycle, epithelial-mesenschymal-transition (EMT) and senescence. We demonstrate that gemcitabine or 6-Chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1 H-Carbazole-1-carboxamide (EX527) SIRT1 inhibitor reduces PANC-1 cell proliferation in vitro. EX527 enhanced sensitivity of PANC-1 cells to gemcitabine treatment through increased apoptosis. However, EX527 displayed no beneficial effect either as a monotreatment or in combination with gemcitabine in the modulation of cell cycle progression. Combination treatment did not reverse the two phenomena known to affect drug sensitivity, namely EMT and senescence, which are both induced by gemcitabine. Unexpectedly, EX527 promoted PANC-1 xenograft tumour growth in SCID mice compared to control group. Dual tX527 and gemcitabine displayed no synergistic effect compared to gemcitabine alone. The study reveals that SIRT1 is involved in chemoresistance and that inhibiting SIRT1 activity with EX527 sensitised PANC-1 cells to gemcitabine treatment in vitro. Sensitisation of cells is shown to be mainly through induction of micronuclei formation as a result of DNA damage and apoptosis in vitro. However, the absence of positive combinatorial effects in vivo indicates possible effects on cells of the tumor microenvironment and suggests caution regarding the clinical relevance of tissue culture findings with EX527.
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173
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Singh S, Kumar PU, Thakur S, Kiran S, Sen B, Sharma S, Rao VV, Poongothai AR, Ramakrishna G. Expression/localization patterns of sirtuins (SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT7) during progression of cervical cancer and effects of sirtuin inhibitors on growth of cervical cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6159-71. [PMID: 25794641 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins belong to the family of class III histone deacetylases; its role in neoplasia is controversial as both tumor-suppressive and promoting functions have been reported. There are very few reports available, where expressions of sirtuin isoforms are comprehensively analyzed during neoplasia. Therefore, in the present study, the expression of SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT7 during different stages of cervical cancer progression was analyzed. The normal cervical epithelium showed feeble expression of sirtuin isoforms, SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT7. A significant increase in SIRT1 expression was noted in the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus of proliferative layers of cervical epithelium in squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL); however, in the squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), a heterogeneous pattern of SIRT1 expression varying from low to high was noted. A progressive increase in the expression of both SIRT2 and SIRT7 was noted during cancer progression in the following order: normal < preneoplasia < cancer. Cervical cancer cell lines, HeLa and SiHa, showed higher levels of SIRT1 and SIRT2 in comparison to the immortalized cell counterpart, HaCaT. Specific inhibitors of SIRT1 (Ex527) and SIRT2 (AGK2) impaired the growth of the cervical cancer cells, SiHa, but not of the HaCaT cells. SIRT1 inhibition caused cell death, while SIRT2 inhibition resulted in cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, we report the overexpression of SIRT2 and SIRT7 proteins in cervical cancer and suggest probable application of sirtuin inhibitors as therapeutic targets. Further, a specific increase in the levels of SIRT1 in intraepithelial lesion makes it a promising candidate for identification of preneoplastic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Singh
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
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174
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Hwang KE, Kim YS, Hwang YR, Kwon SJ, Park DS, Cha BK, Kim BR, Yoon KH, Jeong ET, Kim HR. Pemetrexed induces apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer cells through activation of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of sirtuin 1. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2411-9. [PMID: 25738249 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemetrexed is a multitargeted antifolate used for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanism by which pemetrexed induces apoptosis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in pemetrexed-induced apoptosis in MSTO-211 malignant mesothelioma cells and A549 NSCLC cells. Pemetrexed enhanced caspase-dependent apoptosis, induced intracellular ROS generation, and downregulated SIRT1 in the MSTO-211 and A549 cells. Pemetrexed-induced apoptosis, which was prevented by pretreatment with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), was mediated by effects on the mitochondria, including mitochondrial membrane potential transition (MPT) and cytosolic release of cytochrome c, and also involved regulation of SIRT1 expression. Interference with SIRT1 expression using siRNA enhanced pemetrexed-induced apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS generation, whereas resveratrol, an activator of SIRT1, protected against pemetrexed-induced apoptosis. These results show that pemetrexed induces apoptosis in MSTO-211 mesothelioma cells and A549 NSCLC cells through mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by ROS accumulation and SIRT1 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Eun Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Sim Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Ki Cha
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Ryun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Taik Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Ryul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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175
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Wu D, Yu S, Jia L, Zou C, Xu Z, Xiao L, Wong KB, Ng CF, Chan FL. Orphan nuclear receptor TLX functions as a potent suppressor of oncogene-induced senescence in prostate cancer via its transcriptional co-regulation of the CDKN1A
(p21WAF1
/
CIP1
) and SIRT1
genes. J Pathol 2015; 236:103-15. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinglan Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jia
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Zou
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Xiao
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Kam-Bo Wong
- School of Life Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- Department of Surgery; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
| | - Franky L Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; People's Republic of China
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176
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Kim TH, Kim HS, Kang YJ, Yoon S, Lee J, Choi WS, Jung JH, Kim HS. Psammaplin A induces Sirtuin 1-dependent autophagic cell death in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/adr human breast cancer cells and xenografts. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:401-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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177
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Ming M, Soltani K, Shea CR, Li X, He YY. Dual role of SIRT1 in UVB-induced skin tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2015; 34:357-63. [PMID: 24441046 PMCID: PMC4104262 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The protein deacetylase SIRT1 regulates various pathways in metabolism, aging and cancer. However, the role of SIRT1 in skin cancer remains unclear. Here, using mice with targeted deletions of SIRT1 in their epidermis in both resistant B6 and sensitive SKH1 hairless backgrounds, we show that the role of SIRT1 in skin cancer development induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is dependent on its gene dose. Keratinocyte-specific heterozygous deletion of SIRT1 promotes UVB-induced skin tumorigenesis, whereas homozygous deletion of SIRT1 suppresses skin tumor development but sensitizes the B6 mice to chronic solar injury. In mouse skin, SIRT1 is haploinsufficient for UVB-induced DNA damage repair and expression of xeroderma pigmentosum C (XPC), a protein critical for repairing UVB-induced DNA damage. As compared with normal human skin, downregulation of SIRT1 is in parallel with downregulation of XPC in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma at both the protein and mRNA levels. In contrast, homozygous SIRT1 deletion in mouse skin augments p53 acetylation and expression of its transcriptional target Noxa, and sensitizes the epidermis to UVB-induced apoptosis in vivo, while heterozygous SIRT1 deletion has no such effect. The gene dosage-dependent function of SIRT1 in DNA repair and cell survival is consistent with the dual roles of SIRT1 in UVB-induced skin tumorigenesis. Our results reveal the gene dosage-dependent in vivo functions of SIRT1 in skin tumorigenesis and may shed light on the role of SIRT1 in epithelial cancer induced by DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ming
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Keyoumars Soltani
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher R. Shea
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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178
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Diverse roles of SIRT1 in cancer biology and lipid metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:950-65. [PMID: 25569080 PMCID: PMC4307284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, has been described in the literature as a major player in the regulation of cellular stress responses. Its expression has been shown to be altered in cancer cells, and it targets both histone and non-histone proteins for deacetylation and thereby alters metabolic programs in response to diverse physiological stress. Interestingly, many of the metabolic pathways that are influenced by SIRT1 are also altered in tumor development. Not only does SIRT1 have the potential to regulate oncogenic factors, it also orchestrates many aspects of metabolism and lipid regulation and recent reports are beginning to connect these areas. SIRT1 influences pathways that provide an alternative means of deriving energy (such as fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis) when a cell encounters nutritive stress, and can therefore lead to altered lipid metabolism in various pathophysiological contexts. This review helps to show the various connections between SIRT1 and major pathways in cellular metabolism and the consequence of SIRT1 deregulation on carcinogenesis and lipid metabolism.
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179
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Savio AJ, Bapat B. Beyond the island: epigenetic biomarkers of colorectal and prostate cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1238:103-24. [PMID: 25421657 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1804-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation is a common feature across all cancer types. Epigenetic mechanisms, from DNA methylation to histone modifications, allow for a vast number of cellular phenotypes to be created from the same genetic material. Just as certain genetic changes play a key role in tumor initiation and progression, epigenetic changes may also set the course of tumor development and be required for malignant transformation. The most frequently studied epigenetic changes investigated thus far are global genomic DNA hypomethylation along with specific hypermethylation, predominantly at promoter CpG islands of tumor suppressor genes. In addition to DNA methylation changes at CpG islands, there is an abundance of other epigenetic alterations occurring within cancer cells including DNA methylation alterations outside of CpG islands, non-CpG methylation, changes in cytosine oxidative species (hydroxymethylcytosine, formylcytosine, carboxylcytosine) levels, and histone modifications. This chapter examines epigenetic alterations beyond the island, and summarizes recent findings in DNA-based epigenetic regulation of the two most commonly diagnosed cancers in the Western world: colorectal cancer and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Savio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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180
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Yoon YK, Ali MA, Wei AC, Choon TS, Shirazi AN, Parang K. Discovery of a potent and highly fluorescent sirtuin inhibitor. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015; 6:1857-1863. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00307e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Highly fluorescent sirtuin inhibitor was discovered to possess growth inhibitory effect against multiple cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. K. Yoon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - M. A. Ali
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - A. C. Wei
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - T. S. Choon
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - A. N. Shirazi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- University of Rhode Island
- USA
| | - K. Parang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- University of Rhode Island
- USA
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181
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Hao C, Zhu PX, Yang X, Han ZP, Jiang JH, Zong C, Zhang XG, Liu WT, Zhao QD, Fan TT, Zhang L, Wei LX. Overexpression of SIRT1 promotes metastasis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:978. [PMID: 25522783 PMCID: PMC4391082 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SIRT1 is a member of the mammalian sirtuin family with the ability to deacetylate histone and nonhistone proteins. The correlation between SIRT1 expression and tumor metastasis in several types of cancer has aroused widespread concern. This study investigated SIRT1 expression and its prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The function of SIRT1 in hepatocarcinogenesis was further investigated in cell culture and mouse models. METHODS Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to explore SIRT1 expression in HCC cell lines and primary HCC clinical specimens. The functions of SIRT1 in the migration and invasion in the HCC cell line were analyzed by infecting cells with adenovirus containing full-length SIRT1 or sh-RNA. The effect of SIRT1 on tumorigenicity in nude mice was also investigated. RESULTS SIRT1 expression was significantly overexpressed in the tumor tissues and HCC cell lines. SIRT1 significantly promoted the ability of migration and invasion in HCC cells. In addition, experiments with a mouse model revealed that SIRT1 overexpression enhanced HCC tumor metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SIRT1 significantly enhanced the invasive and metastatic potential by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HCC cells. A clinicopathological analysis showed that SIRT1 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size, tumor number, and TNM staging. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that positive SIRT1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that SIRT1 may play an important role in HCC progression and could be a potential molecular therapy target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Peng-Xi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chang Hai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Zhi-Peng Han
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Jing-Hua Jiang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Chen Zong
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Xu-Guang Zhang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Qiu-Dong Zhao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Fan
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chang Hai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Li-Xin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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182
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Chen X, Sun K, Jiao S, Cai N, Zhao X, Zou H, Xie Y, Wang Z, Zhong M, Wei L. High levels of SIRT1 expression enhance tumorigenesis and associate with a poor prognosis of colorectal carcinoma patients. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7481. [PMID: 25500546 PMCID: PMC4265776 DOI: 10.1038/srep07481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1, a NAD+ dependent class III deacetylase, takes part in many important biological processes. Previous studies show that SIRT1 is overexpressed in some cancers and plays an essential role in tumorigenesis. However, the association between SIRT1 and colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. We found that many CRC specimens had strong SIRT1 expression, which had an obvious correlation with poor prognosis of CRC patients. Meanwhile, SIRT1 expression had a co-localization with CD133, a current universal marker to characterize colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs). In vitro studies also revealed that SIRT1 was overexpressed in colorectal CSC-like cells. Moreover, SIRT1 deficiency decreased percentage of CD133+ cells, attenuated the abilities of colony and sphere formation, and inhibited tumorigenicity in vivo in CRC cells. Further study demonstrated that the expressions of several stemness-associated genes, including Oct4, Nanog, Cripto, Tert and Lin28, were reduced by SIRT1 knockdown in CRC cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that SIRT1 plays a crucial role in keeping the characteristics of CSCs cells. SIRT1 is a potential independent prognostic factor of CRC patients after tumor resection with curative intent, and will contribute to providing a promising new approach to target at CSCs in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Chen
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shufan Jiao
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Cai
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanbing Zou
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuexia Xie
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengshi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Wei
- 1] Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China [2] Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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183
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Chen IC, Chiang WF, Huang HH, Chen PF, Shen YY, Chiang HC. Role of SIRT1 in regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:254. [PMID: 25424420 PMCID: PMC4258025 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process results in a loss of cell-cell adhesion, increased cell mobility, and is crucial for enabling the metastasis of cancer cells. Recently, the enzyme SIRT1 has been implicated in a variety of physiological processes; however, its role in regulating oral cancer metastasis and EMT is not fully elucidated. Here, we propose a mechanism by which the enzyme sirtuin1 (SIRT1) regulates the EMT process in oral cancer by deacetylating Smad4 and repressing the effect of TGF-β signaling on matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7). METHODS The roles of SIRT1 in tumor cell migration/invasion and metastasis to the lungs were investigated using the Boyden chamber assay and orthotopic injections, respectively. RNA interference was used to knockdown either SIRT1 or Smad4 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. Immunoblotting, zymographic assays, and co-immunoprecipitation were used to examine the effects of SIRT1 overexpression on MMP7 expression and activity, as well as on SIRT1/ Smad4 interaction. RESULTS We found that compared with normal human oral keratinocytes (HOKs), SIRT1 was underexpressed in OSCC cells, and also in oral cancer tissues obtained from 14 of 21 OSCC patients compared with expression in their matched normal tissues. Overexpression of SIRT1 inhibited migration of OSCC cells in vitro, as well as their metastasis to the lung in vivo. Furthermore, up-regulation of SIRT1 in metastatic OSCCs significantly inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of OSCC cells, while concomitantly increasing the expression of E-cadherin, and decreasing the expressions of mesenchymal markers. We also identified Smad4, a TGF-β-activated transcription factor, as a direct target protein for SIRT1. Overexpression of SIRT1 in OSCC cells led to decreased levels of acetylated Smad4, and inhibition of TGF-β-induced signaling. By associating and deacetylating Smad4, SIRT1 enzyme can influence MMP7 expression, MMP enzyme activity, and consequently, cell migration, invasion, and tumor metastasis in OSCCs. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a valuable insight into the potential role of the SIRT1 enzyme in regulating cell migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Our findings suggest the SIRT1/Smad4/MMP7 pathway as a target for oral cancer driven by EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hung-Che Chiang
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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184
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Clark-Knowles KV, Dewar-Darch D, Jardine KE, McBurney MW. Modulation of tumorigenesis by dietary intervention is not mediated by SIRT1 catalytic activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112406. [PMID: 25380034 PMCID: PMC4224430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein deacetylase SIRT1 is involved in the regulation of a large number of cellular processes that are thought to be required for cancer initiation and progression. Both SIRT1 activity and tumorigenesis can be influenced by dietary fat and polyphenolics. We set out to determine whether dietary modulations of tumorigenesis are mediated by SIRT1 catalytic functions. We introduced a mammary gland tumor-inducing transgene, MMTV-PyMT, into stocks of mice bearing a H355Y point mutation in the Sirt1 gene that abolishes SIRT1 catalytic activity. Tumor latency was reduced in animals fed a high fat diet but this effect was not dependent on SIRT1 activity. Resveratrol had little effect on tumor formation except in animals heterozygous for the mutant Sirt1 gene. We conclude that the effects of these dietary interventions on tumorigenesis are not mediated by modulation of SIRT1 catalytic activity.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Biocatalysis
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Diet, High-Fat
- Heterozygote
- Male
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/diet therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
- Mice, Transgenic
- Point Mutation
- Resveratrol
- Sirtuin 1/genetics
- Sirtuin 1/metabolism
- Stilbenes/pharmacology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Burden/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Dewar-Darch
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen E. Jardine
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W. McBurney
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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185
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Lin L, Zheng X, Qiu C, Dongol S, Lv Q, Jiang J, Kong B, Wang C. SIRT1 promotes endometrial tumor growth by targeting SREBP1 and lipogenesis. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2831-5. [PMID: 25270091 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is involved in a number of cellular regulatory mechanisms affecting cellular life span, stress resistance, apoptosis and cellular metabolism. Recent studies have revealed that SIRT1 plays a dual role as a tumor suppressor and a tumor promoter in multiple stages of carcinogenesis. Increased lipogenesis has been found in cancer cells, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) are nuclear lipogenic transcription factors, which mainly regulate lipogenic processes by activating genes involved in fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis. In the present study, we detected expression of SIRT1 in endometrial cancer (EC) and illustrated the relationship between SIRT1 and SREBP1, which indicated that SIRT1 could stimulate endometrial tumor growth through the lipogenic pathway. Gene expression levels of SIRT1 were assayed using quantitative real-time PCR and protein expression levels were detected by western blotting. RNA interference was conducted in order to explore the subsequent effect on tumor cells and on the expression of SREBP1. Expression levels of SIRT1 in EC were found to be significantly higher than in normal endometrium. Knockdown of SIRT1 could downregulate expression of SREBP1 and suppress cell proliferation. These results demonstrated that SIRT1 may play a role as a tumor promoter in EC and can promote endometrial tumor growth by promoting lipogenesis. Our findings suggest that targeting SIRT1 may provide a theoretical basis for the management of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Chunping Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Samina Dongol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Qingtao Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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186
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Teramae M, Fukuda T, Wada T, Kawanishi M, Imai K, Yamauchi M, Yasui T, Sumi T. Sirtuin1 expression predicts the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced uterine cervical cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:73-78. [PMID: 25469273 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based, cyclic balloon-occluded arterial infusion, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has previously been reported to enable hysterectomy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylase that deacetylates a number of proteins and is overexpressed in several human malignancies. Upregulation of SIRT1 has been reported to induce tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. To assess the role of SIRT1 in uterine cervical cancer, the outcomes in 62 patients aged <70 years with locally advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIA-IIIB uterine cervical cancer were reviewed between 1995 and 2010. Tumor samples were obtained by biopsy prior to NAC. The patients were separated into two groups. One group comprised of the patients in which NAC was effective, surgery and radiotherapy were performed (NAC+OP+R group; n=35), and the second group contained patients in which NAC was ineffective and radiation therapy was performed (NAC+R group; n=27). SIRT1 and p53 expression was assessed immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded sections. SIRT1 expression was significantly higher in the NAC+R compared to the NAC+OP+R group (P<0.001), as was p53 expression (P=0.001). The overall survival time was significantly longer in the NAC+OP+R compared to the NAC+R group (P=0.001). Following the division of patients into two groups based on SIRT1 level, low (weighted score ≤4, n=30), and high level (weighted score ≥6, n=32) groups, the former group was significantly more sensitive to NAC (P<0.001). Collectively, these results indicate that SIRT1 expression may predict the efficacy of NAC as a treatment for locally advanced uterine cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatomo Teramae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takuma Wada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masaru Kawanishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamauchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Yasui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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187
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Zhu L, Qi J, Chiao CYC, Zhang Q, Porco JA, Faller DV, Dai Y. Identification of a novel polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol‑derived SIRT1 inhibitor with cancer‑specific anti-proliferative and invasion-suppressing activities. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2128-36. [PMID: 25189993 PMCID: PMC4203335 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1, a class III histone deacetylase, plays a critical role in regulating cancer cell growth, migration and invasion, which makes it a potential target for cancer therapeutics. In this study, we screened derivatives of several groups of natural products and identified a novel SIRT1 inhibitor JQ-101, a synthetic derivative of the polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP) natural products, with an IC(50) for SIRT1 of 30 µM in vitro, with 5-fold higher activity for SIRT1 vs. SIRT2. Exposure of tumor cells to JQ-101 significantly enhanced acetylation of p53 and histone H4K16 at known sites of SIRT1 deacetylation, validating SIRT1 as its cellular target. JQ-101 suppressed cancer cell growth and survival by targeting SIRT1, and also exhibited selective cytotoxicity towards a panel of human tumor cell lines, while producing no toxicity in two normal human cell types at comparable concentrations. JQ-101 induced both apoptosis and cell senescence, and suppressed cancer cell invasion in vitro. In summary, we have identified JQ-101 as a new SIRT1 inhibitor which may have potential application in cancer treatment through its ability to induce tumor cell apoptosis and senescence and suppress cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Zhu
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ji Qi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christine Ya-Chi Chiao
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John A Porco
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Yan Dai
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Do MT, Kim HG, Choi JH, Jeong HG. Metformin induces microRNA-34a to downregulate the Sirt1/Pgc-1α/Nrf2 pathway, leading to increased susceptibility of wild-type p53 cancer cells to oxidative stress and therapeutic agents. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:21-34. [PMID: 24970682 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) plays an important role in cellular redox balance and resistance to oxidative stress. Sirt1 exhibits oncogenic properties in wild-type p53 cancer cells, whereas it acts as a tumor suppressor in p53-mutated cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effects of metformin on Sirt1 expression in several cancer cell lines. Using human cancer cell lines that exhibit differential expression of p53, we found that metformin reduced Sirt1 protein levels in cancer cells bearing wild-type p53, but did not affect Sirt1 protein levels in cancer cell lines harboring mutant forms of p53. Metformin-induced p53 protein levels in wild-type p53 cancer cells resulted in upregulation of microRNA (miR)-34a. The use of a miR-34a inhibitor confirmed that metformin-induced miR-34a was required for Sirt1 downregulation. Metformin suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α) expression and its downstream target Nrf2 in MCF-7 cells. Genetic tools demonstrated that the reduction of Sirt1 and Pgc-1α by metformin caused Nrf2 downregulation via suppression of PPARγ transcriptional activity. Metformin reduced heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase 2 but upregulated catalase expression in MCF-7 cells. Metformin-treated MCF-7 cells had no increase in basal levels of reactive oxygen species but were more susceptible to oxidative stress. Furthermore, upregulation of death receptor 5 by metformin-mediated Sirt1 downregulation enhanced the sensitivity of wild-type p53 cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Our results demonstrated that metformin induces miR-34a to suppress the Sirt1/Pgc-1α/Nrf2 pathway and increases susceptibility of wild-type p53 cancer cells to oxidative stress and TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Truong Do
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Gyun Kim
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Choi
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
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189
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Chen GQ, Tian H, Yue WM, Li L, Li SH, Qi L, Gao C, Si LB, Lu M, Feng F. SIRT1 expression is associated with lymphangiogenesis, lymphovascular invasion and prognosis in pN0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Biosci 2014; 4:48. [PMID: 25922660 PMCID: PMC4412293 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-4-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is an NAD+-dependent type III histone deacetylase (HDAC). This research investigated the prevalence of SIRT1 protein expression and its prognostic influence with the aim of validating its potential role in lymphangiogenesis and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in pN0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods A total of 206 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. SIRT1 and VEGF-C protein expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Peritumoral lymphatic microvessel density (LVD) and LVI were evaluated by immunostaining for D2-40. Statistical analysis was then preformed to investigate the relevance of SIRT1 expression and various clinicopathologic features and to examine the effect of SIRT1 on tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis, LVI and prognosis. Results SIRT1 positive expression was identified in 95 cases in the nucleus and was significantly correlated with T status (P < 0.001), disease stage (P = 0.001), VEGF-C positive expression (P = 0.015), high LVD (P = 0.013) and positive LVI (P = 0.015). Patients with SIRT1 positive expression, high LVD and positive LVI had a significantly unfavorable 5-year disease free survival (P < 0.001, P = 0.030, and P < 0.001, respectively) and overall survival (P < 0.001, P = 0.017, and P < 0.001, respectively). However, based on multivariate Cox regression analysis, only SIRT1 positive expression and positive LVI were significant independent prognosticators of poor disease-free survival (P = 0.029 and 0.018, respectively) and overall survival (P = 0.045 and 0.031, respectively). Conclusions SIRT1 positive expression was significantly associated with tumor progression, lymphangiogenesis, LVI and poor survival in pN0 ESCC patients. Our research shows a utilization of SIRT1 in prognosing poor survival and providing possible target for ESCC patients through inhibiting its lymphangiogenesis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Qing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qi Lu Hospital, Shandong University, Wen hua xi lu 107#, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qi Lu Hospital, Shandong University, Wen hua xi lu 107#, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China
| | - Wei-Ming Yue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qi Lu Hospital, Shandong University, Wen hua xi lu 107#, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qi Lu Hospital, Shandong University, Wen hua xi lu 107#, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China
| | - Shu-Hai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qi Lu Hospital, Shandong University, Wen hua xi lu 107#, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qi Lu Hospital, Shandong University, Wen hua xi lu 107#, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China
| | - Cun Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qi Lu Hospital, Shandong University, Wen hua xi lu 107#, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China
| | - Li-Bo Si
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qi Lu Hospital, Shandong University, Wen hua xi lu 107#, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qi Lu Hospital, Shandong University, Wen hua xi lu 107#, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China
| | - Fei Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qi Lu Hospital, Shandong University, Wen hua xi lu 107#, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China
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Zhang H, Feng Z, Huang R, Xia Z, Xiang G, Zhang J. MicroRNA-449 suppresses proliferation of hepatoma cell lines through blockade lipid metabolic pathway related to SIRT1. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2143-52. [PMID: 25119660 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA or miR) inhibition of oncogenic related pathways has been shown to be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer. SIRT1 might be a promoter factor on tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism is unknown. We investigated whether miRNAs regulate the SIRT1 and its downstream SREBP-lipogenesis-cholesterogenesis metabolic pathway in hepatoma cells. Human hepatoma cells were transfected with miR-449 mimics and inhibitors, and the effects of miR-449 on cell proliferation was assessed. We identified the miRNAs, miR-449, that control lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis in hepatoma cells by inhibiting SIRT1 and SREBP-1c expression and downregulating their targeted genes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR). MiR-449 repressed DNA synthesis, mitotic entry and proliferation of hepatoma cells. Restoration of miR-449 led to suppression of SIRT1 expression and liver tumorigenesis. The newly identified miRNAs, miR-449 represents a novel targeting mechanism for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Zhenglin Xia
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Guoan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jinqian Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
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191
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Abstract
Histone variants seem to play a major role in gene expression regulation. In prostate cancer, H2A.Z and its acetylated form are implicated in oncogenes' upregulation. SIRT1, which may act either as tumor suppressor or oncogene, reduces H2A.Z levels in cardiomyocytes, via proteasome-mediated degradation, and this mechanism might be impaired in prostate cancer cells due to sirtuin 1 downregulation. Thus, we aimed to characterize the mechanisms underlying H2A.Z and SIRT1 deregulation in prostate carcinogenesis and how they interact. We found that H2AFZ and SIRT1 were up- and downregulated, respectively, at transcript level in primary prostate cancer and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia compared to normal prostatic tissues. Induced SIRT1 overexpression in prostate cancer cell lines resulted in almost complete absence of H2A.Z. Inhibition of mTOR had a modest effect on H2A.Z levels, but proteasome inhibition prevented the marked reduction of H2A.Z due to sirtuin 1 overexpression. Prostate cancer cells exposed to epigenetic modifying drugs trichostatin A, alone or combined with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, increased H2AFZ transcript, although with a concomitant decrease in protein levels. Conversely, SIRT1 transcript and protein levels increased after exposure. ChIP revealed an increase of activation marks within the TSS region for both genes. Remarkably, inhibition of sirtuin 1 with nicotinamide, increased H2A.Z levels, whereas activation of sirtuin 1 by resveratrol led to an abrupt decrease in H2A.Z. Finally, protein-ligation assay showed that exposure to epigenetic modifying drugs fostered the interaction between sirtuin 1 and H2A.Z. We concluded that sirtuin 1 and H2A.Z deregulation in prostate cancer are reciprocally related. Epigenetic mechanisms, mostly histone post-translational modifications, are likely involved and impair sirtuin 1-mediated downregulation of H2A.Z via proteasome-mediated degradation. Epigenetic modifying drugs in conjunction with enzymatic modulators are able to restore the normal functions of sirtuin 1 and might constitute relevant tools for targeted therapy of prostate cancer patients.
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192
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Chen X, Hokka D, Maniwa Y, Ohbayashi C, Itoh T, Hayashi Y. Sirt1 is a tumor promoter in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:387-393. [PMID: 24959282 PMCID: PMC4063576 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent class III histone deacetylase. It reportedly can repress cellular apoptosis and senescence to affect DNA repair, stress response and aging. Notably, previous data have indicated that Sirt1 is both a tumor promoter and a tumor suppressor in tumorigenesis. However, Sirt1 expression in primary lung adenocarcinoma remains unknown. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to investigate Sirt1 expression in cancer cells in 125 consecutive resected cases of primary lung adenocarcinoma. Sirt1 expression was found to be increased in 26 (20.8%) of the 125 cases, which correlated significantly with five clinicopathological factors: Ki67 index, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) molecule expression, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification, pulmonary vein invasion and lymphatic duct invasion. In the Sirt1-positive expression group, Sirt1 expression correlated with a higher Ki67 index and higher TNM classification, particularly for lymph node invasion and metastasis, and with a higher number of pulmonary vein invasion and lymphatic duct invasion. Additionally, a negative correlation was identified between HIF1-positive expression and Sirt1-negative expression. These results indicate that Sirt1 overexpression plays a promotional role in tumorigenesis and is closely associated with invasion and metastasis and, thus, it may be associated with prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hokka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Maniwa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Chiho Ohbayashi
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Tomoo Itoh
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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193
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Zhang JG, Hong DF, Zhang CW, Sun XD, Wang ZF, Shi Y, Liu JW, Shen GL, Zhang YB, Cheng J, Wang CY, Zhao G. Sirtuin 1 facilitates chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating adaptive response to chemotherapy-induced stress. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:445-54. [PMID: 24484175 PMCID: PMC4317803 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs themselves may act as stressors to induce adaptive responses to promote the chemoresistance of cancer cells. Our previous research showed that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was overexpressed in pancreatic cancer patients and deregulation of SIRT1 with RNAi could enhance chemosensitivity. Thus, we hypothesized that SIRT1 might facilitate chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells through regulating the adaptive response to chemotherapy-induced stress. In the present study, SIRT1 in PANC-1, BXPC-3, and ASPC-1 cells was upregulated after treatment with gemcitabine. Moreover, the decrease in SIRT1 activity with special inhibitor EX527 had a synergic effect on chemotherapy with gemcitabine in PANC-1 and ASPC-1 cell lines, which significantly promoted apoptosis, senescence, and G0 /G1 cycle arrest. Western blot results also showed that SIRT1, acetylated-p53, FOXO3a, and p21 were upregulated after combined treatment, whereas no obvious change was evident in total p53 protein. To further confirm the role of SIRT1 in clinical chemotherapy, SIRT1 was detected in eight pancreatic cancer tissues acquired by endoscopy ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration biopsy before and after chemotherapy. Compared to before chemotherapy, SIRT1 was significantly increased after treatment with gemcitabine in six cases. Thus, our results indicated a special role for SIRT1 in the regulation of adaptive response to chemotherapy-induced stress, which is involved in chemoresistance. Moreover, it indicates that blocking SIRT1 activity with targeting drugs might be a novel strategy to reverse the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gang Zhang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Pancreatic Disease Institute, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Van Dyke MW. Lysine deacetylase (KDAC) regulatory pathways: an alternative approach to selective modulation. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:511-22. [PMID: 24449617 PMCID: PMC4105970 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein lysine deacetylases (KDACs), including the classic Zn(2+) -dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+) )-requiring sirtuins, are enzymes that play critical roles in numerous biological processes, particularly the epigenetic regulation of global gene expression programs in response to internal and external cues. Dysregulation of KDACs is characteristic of several human diseases, including chronic metabolic, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases and many cancers. This has led to the development of KDAC modulators, two of which (HDAC inhibitors vorinostat and romidepsin) have been approved for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. By their nature, existing KDAC modulators are relatively nonspecific, leading to pan-KDAC changes and undesired side effects. Given that KDACs are regulated at many levels, including transcriptional, post-translational, subcellular localization, and through their complexation with other proteins, it should be possible to affect specific KDAC activity through manipulation of endogenous signaling pathways. In this Minireview, we discuss our present knowledge of the cellular controls of KDAC activity and examples of their pharmacologic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Van Dyke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 1000 Chastain Road, MD# 1203, Kennesaw, GA 30144 (USA).
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195
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Zhang B, Chen J, Cheng ASL, Ko BCB. Depletion of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) leads to epigenetic modifications of telomerase (TERT) gene in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84931. [PMID: 24416313 PMCID: PMC3885646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase that is implicated in plethora of biological processes, including metabolism, aging, stress response, and tumorigenesis. Telomerase (TERT) is essential for telomere maintenance. Activation of TERT is considered a crucial step in tumorigenesis, and therefore it is a potential therapeutic target against cancer. We have recently found that SIRT1 expression is highly elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma, and the depletion of SIRT1 leads to substantial reduction in TERT mRNA and protein expression. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of SIRT1-dependent TERT expression remains uncharacterized. Here, we elucidated if SIRT1 regulates TERT expression via transcriptional, epigenetic and post-transcriptional mechanisms. We report that depletion of SIRT1 does not lead to significant change in transcriptional activity and CpG methylation patterns of the TERT promoter, nor does it affect mRNA stability or 3′-UTR regulation of TERT. Intriguingly, depletion of SIRT1 is associated with substantial induction of acetylated histone H3-K9 and reduction of trimethyl H3-K9 at the TERT gene, which are known to be associated with gene activation. Our data revealed that SIRT1 regulates histone acetylation and methylation at the TERT promoter. We postulated that SIRT1 may regulate TERT expression via long-range interaction, or via yet unidentified histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Departments of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Alfred S. L. Cheng
- Institute of Digestive diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben C. B. Ko
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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196
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An Y, Fu Y, Lu D, Wang Y, Bi W, Xu Z, Dong S, Zhang S, Wang C, Zhang W. A TiO2-Au–polymer hybrid system for the photoelectrochemical immunoassay of SirT1. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1644-1652. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21471k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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197
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Correia NC, Gírio A, Antunes I, Martins LR, Barata JT. The multiple layers of non-genetic regulation of PTEN tumour suppressor activity. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:216-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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198
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Saxena M, Dykes SS, Malyarchuk S, Wang AE, Cardelli JA, Pruitt K. The sirtuins promote Dishevelled-1 scaffolding of TIAM1, Rac activation and cell migration. Oncogene 2013; 34:188-98. [PMID: 24362520 PMCID: PMC4067478 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rac1-GTPases serve as intermediary cellular switches which conduct transient and constitutive signals from upstream cues, including those from Ras oncoproteins. While the sirtuin1 (SIRT1) deacetylase is overexpressed in several human cancers and has recently been linked to cancer cell motility as a context-dependent regulator of multiple pathways, its role in Rac1 activation has not been reported. Likewise, SIRT2 has been demonstrated to be upregulated in some cancers; however, studies have also reported its role in tumor suppression. Here, we demonstrate that SIRT1 and SIRT2 positively regulate the levels of Rac1-GTP and the activity of T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (TIAM1), a Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). Transient inhibition of SIRT1 and SIRT2 resulted in increased acetylation of TIAM1 whereas chronic SIRT2 knockdown resulted in enhanced acetylation of TIAM1. SIRT1 regulates Dishevelled (DVL) protein levels in cancer cells and DVL along with TIAM1 are known to augment Rac activation; however, SIRT1 or 2 have not been previously linked with TIAM1. We found that diminished sirtuin activity led to the disruption of the DVL1-TIAM1 interaction. We hence propose a model for Rac activation where SIRT1/2 positively modulate the DVL/TIAM1/Rac axis and promote sustained pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saxena
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - S S Dykes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - S Malyarchuk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - A E Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - J A Cardelli
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA [2] Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - K Pruitt
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA [2] Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
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199
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Inauhzin sensitizes p53-dependent cytotoxicity and tumor suppression of chemotherapeutic agents. Neoplasia 2013; 15:523-34. [PMID: 23633924 DOI: 10.1593/neo.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxicity and chemoresistance are two major issues to hamper the success of current standard tumor chemotherapy. Combined therapy of agents with different mechanisms of action is a feasible and effective means to minimize the side effects and avoid the resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs while improving the antitumor effects. As the most essential tumor suppressor, p53 or its pathway has been an attractive target to develop a new type of molecule-targeting anticancer therapy. Recently, we identified a small molecule, Inauhzin (INZ), which can specifically activate p53 by inducing its deacetylation. In this study, we tested if combination with INZ could sensitize tumor cells to the current chemotherapeutic drugs, cisplatin (CIS) and doxorubicin (DOX). We found that compared with any single treatment, combination of lower doses of INZ and CIS or DOX significantly promoted apoptosis and cell growth inhibition in human non-small lung cancer and colon cancer cell lines in a p53-dependent fashion. This cooperative effect between INZ and CIS on tumor suppression was also confirmed in a xenograft tumor model. Therefore, this study suggests that specifically targeting the p53 pathway could enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents and markedly reduce the doses of the chemotherapy, possibly decreasing its adverse side effects.
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200
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Clark-Knowles KV, Dewar-Darch D, Jardine KE, McBurney MW. SIRT1 catalytic activity has little effect on tumor formation and metastases in a mouse model of breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82106. [PMID: 24278473 PMCID: PMC3836945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein deacetylase SIRT1 has been implicated in the regulation of a large number of cellular processes that are thought to be required for cancer initiation and progression. There are conflicting data that make it unclear whether Sirt1 functions as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. To assess the effect of SIRT1 on the emergence and progression of mammary tumors, we crossed mice that harbor a point mutation that abolishes SIRT1 catalytic activity with mice carrying the polyoma middle T transgene driven by the murine mammary tumor virus promoter (MMTV-PyMT). The absence of SIRT1 catalytic activity neither accelerated nor blocked the formation of tumors and metastases in this model. There was a lag in tumor latency that modestly extended survival in Sirt1 mutant mice that we attribute to a delay in mammary gland development and not to a direct effect of SIRT1 on carcinogenesis. These results are consistent with previous evidence suggesting that Sirt1 is not a tumor promoter or a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Dewar-Darch
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen E. Jardine
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W. McBurney
- Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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