151
|
Lu K, Liu C, Tao T, Zhang X, Zhang L, Sun C, Wang Y, Chen S, Xu B, Chen M. MicroRNA-19a regulates proliferation and apoptosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells by targeting BTG1. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1485-90. [PMID: 25936765 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in tumor development. Recent studies indicate that miRNAs are implicated in prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we found that miR-19a expression was significantly increased in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) tissues compared with androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) tissues. We found that inhibiting the overexpression of miR-19a in CRPC cells suppressed proliferation and increased apoptosis. Additionally, we found that miR-19a repressed BTG1 expression by binding to its 3'-untranslated region. The overexpression of BTG1 in CRPC cells significantly suppressed proliferation and increased apoptosis. We conclude that miR-19a regulates proliferation and apoptosis of CRPC cells by directly targeting the tumor suppressor gene BTG1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Department of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiduo Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Mihelich BL, Maranville JC, Nolley R, Peehl DM, Nonn L. Elevated serum microRNA levels associate with absence of high-grade prostate cancer in a retrospective cohort. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124245. [PMID: 25874774 PMCID: PMC4396984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce treatment of indolent prostate cancer (PCa), biomarkers are needed to improve identification of patients with a low-risk of having aggressive disease. Over-treatment of these patients occurs because of uncertainty in the aggressiveness of the entire tumor based on the biopsies, which do not accurately sample multifocal tumors. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are stable serum markers and differential miRNA levels occur in men with PCa. The goal of this study was to identify circulating miRNAs that were associated with aggressive or indolent PCa. We measured circulating miRNAs in 150 patients prior to surgery and compared the miRNA levels to the pathology of the entire radical prostatectomy specimen. For this study we used an exceptionally well-characterized cohort of patients who had benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), low-grade or high-grade PCa. Low-grade was defined as patients with 100% Gleason grade 3 tumor as determined by step-wise sectioning. High-grade PCa patients had 30-90% Gleason grade 4+5 in the tumor. BPH patients had at least two biopsies negative for PCa. Twenty one miRNAs were selected for analysis. The miRNAs were quantified by RT-qPCR and analyzed by logistic regression. High levels of 14 miRNAs were exclusively present in the serum from patients with low-grade PCa or BPH, compared to men with high-grade PCa who had consistently low levels. The expression levels of the 14 miRNAs were combined into a “miR Score” which had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.939 to predict absence of high-grade PCa among PCa and BPH patients. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) was known for the PCa patients and a combined “miR Risk Score” accurately classified a subset of patients with low risk of BCR (NPV 0.941). In summary, measurement of serum miRNAs may have pre-surgical utility in combination with clinical risk calculators to identify patients with low risk of harboring aggressive PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L. Mihelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States of America
| | - Joseph C. Maranville
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States of America
| | - Rosalie Nolley
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Donna M. Peehl
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Smith JA, Leonardi T, Huang B, Iraci N, Vega B, Pluchino S. Extracellular vesicles and their synthetic analogues in aging and age-associated brain diseases. Biogerontology 2015; 16:147-85. [PMID: 24973266 PMCID: PMC4578234 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms rely upon diverse and complex intercellular communications networks for a myriad of physiological processes. Disruption of these processes is implicated in the onset and propagation of disease and disorder, including the mechanisms of senescence at both cellular and organismal levels. In recent years, secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as a particularly novel vector by which cell-to-cell communications are enacted. EVs actively and specifically traffic bioactive proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites between cells at local and systemic levels, modulating cellular responses in a bidirectional manner under both homeostatic and pathological conditions. EVs are being implicated not only in the generic aging process, but also as vehicles of pathology in a number of age-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative and disease. Thus, circulating EVs-or specific EV cargoes-are being utilised as putative biomarkers of disease. On the other hand, EVs, as targeted intercellular shuttles of multipotent bioactive payloads, have demonstrated promising therapeutic properties, which can potentially be modulated and enhanced through cellular engineering. Furthermore, there is considerable interest in employing nanomedicinal approaches to mimic the putative therapeutic properties of EVs by employing synthetic analogues for targeted drug delivery. Herein we describe what is known about the origin and nature of EVs and subsequently review their putative roles in biology and medicine (including the use of synthetic EV analogues), with a particular focus on their role in aging and age-related brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
154
|
MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers in cancer: opportunities and challenges. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:125094. [PMID: 25874201 PMCID: PMC4385606 DOI: 10.1155/2015/125094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting their corresponding messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Dysregulated miRNAs have been considered as a new type of ‘‘oncomiRs” or ‘‘tumor suppressors,” playing essential roles in cancer initiation and progression. Using genome-wide detection methods, ubiquitously aberrant expression profiles of miRNAs have been identified in a broad array of human cancers, showing great potential as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancer with high specificity and sensitivity. The detectable miRNAs in tissue, blood, and other body fluids with high stability provide an abundant source for miRNA-based biomarkers in human cancers. Despite the fact that an increasing number of potential miRNA biomarkers have been reported, the transition of miRNAs-based biomarkers from bench to bedside still necessitates addressing several challenges. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of miRNAs as potential biomarkers in human cancers.
Collapse
|
155
|
Caen O, Nizard P, Garrigou S, Perez-Toralla K, Zonta E, Laurent-Puig P, Taly V. PCR digitale en micro-compartiments. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:180-6. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
156
|
Duplex-specific nuclease-mediated bioanalysis. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:180-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
157
|
Jin K, Luo G, Xiao Z, Liu Z, Liu C, Ji S, Xu J, Liu L, Long J, Ni Q, Yu X. Noncoding RNAs as potential biomarkers to predict the outcome in pancreatic cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:1247-55. [PMID: 25750521 PMCID: PMC4348055 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s77597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a common digestive system cancer, is highly malignant and has a poor disease outcome. Currently, all available examination and detection methods cannot accurately predict the clinical outcome. Therefore, it is extremely important to identify novel molecular biomarkers for personalized medication and to significantly improve the overall outcome. The “noncoding RNAs” (ncRNAs) are a group of RNAs that do not code for proteins, and they are categorized as structural RNAs and regulatory RNAs. It has been shown that microRNAs and long ncRNAs function as regulatory RNAs to affect the progression of various diseases. Many studies have confirmed a role for ncRNAs in the progression of PDAC during the last few years. Because of the significant role of ncRNAs in PDAC, ncRNA profiling may be used to predict PDAC outcome with high accuracy. This review comprehensively analyzes the value of ncRNAs as potential biomarkers to predict the outcome in PDAC and the possible mechanisms thereof.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuqiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Ellinger J, Müller SC, Dietrich D. Epigenetic biomarkers in the blood of patients with urological malignancies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:505-16. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1019477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
159
|
Lee H, Srinivas RL, Gupta A, Doyle PS. Sensitive and multiplexed on-chip microRNA profiling in oil-isolated hydrogel chambers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2477-81. [PMID: 25565630 PMCID: PMC4547856 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be excellent indicators of disease state, current profiling platforms are insufficient for clinical translation. Here, we demonstrate a versatile hydrogel-based microfluidic approach and novel amplification scheme for entirely on-chip, sensitive, and highly specific miRNA detection without the risk of sequence bias. A simulation-driven approach is used to engineer the hydrogel geometry and the gel-reaction environment is chemically optimized for robust detection performance. The assay provides 22.6 fM sensitivity over a three log range, demonstrates multiplexing across at least four targets, and requires just 10.3 ng of total RNA input in a 2 hour and 15 minutes assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Rathi L. Srinivas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Patrick S. Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Assessment of surfactants for efficient droplet PCR in mineral oil using the pendant drop technique. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 126:489-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
161
|
Goto Y, Kurozumi A, Enokida H, Ichikawa T, Seki N. Functional significance of aberrantly expressed microRNAs in prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2015; 22:242-52. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Goto
- Departments of Functional Genomics; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
- Department of Urology; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
| | - Akira Kurozumi
- Departments of Functional Genomics; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
- Department of Urology; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
| | - Hideki Enokida
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Departments of Functional Genomics; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Lee H, Srinivas RL, Gupta A, Doyle PS. Sensitive and Multiplexed On-chip microRNA Profiling in Oil-Isolated Hydrogel Chambers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
163
|
Rogers CI, Qaderi K, Woolley AT, Nordin GP. 3D printed microfluidic devices with integrated valves. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:016501. [PMID: 25610517 PMCID: PMC4297278 DOI: 10.1063/1.4905840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the successful fabrication and testing of 3D printed microfluidic devices with integrated membrane-based valves. Fabrication is performed with a low-cost commercially available stereolithographic 3D printer. Horizontal microfluidic channels with designed rectangular cross sectional dimensions as small as 350 μm wide and 250 μm tall are printed with 100% yield, as are cylindrical vertical microfluidic channels with 350 μm designed (210 μm actual) diameters. Based on our previous work [Rogers et al., Anal. Chem. 83, 6418 (2011)], we use a custom resin formulation tailored for low non-specific protein adsorption. Valves are fabricated with a membrane consisting of a single build layer. The fluid pressure required to open a closed valve is the same as the control pressure holding the valve closed. 3D printed valves are successfully demonstrated for up to 800 actuations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad I Rogers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Kamran Qaderi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Gregory P Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics may soon change the paradigm of performing chemical analyses and related instrumentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Yu Basova
- Masaryk University
- CEITEC, Central European Institute Technology
- Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Masaryk University
- CEITEC, Central European Institute Technology
- Brno
- Czech Republic
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Kachakova D, Mitkova A, Popov E, Popov I, Vlahova A, Dikov T, Christova S, Mitev V, Slavov C, Kaneva R. Combinations of serum prostate-specific antigen and plasma expression levels of let-7c, miR-30c, miR-141, and miR-375 as potential better diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 34:189-200. [PMID: 25521481 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, expression levels of let-7c, miR-30c, miR-141, and miR-375 in plasma from 59 prostate cancer (PC) patients with different clinicopathological characteristics and two groups of controls: 16 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) samples and 11 young asymptomatic men (YAM) were analyzed to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic value in comparison to prostate-specific antigen (PSA). miR-375 was significantly downregulated in 83.5% of patients compared to BPH controls and showed stronger diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.809, 95% CI: 0.697-0.922, p=0.00016) compared with PSA (AUC=0.710, 95% CI: 0.559-0.861, p=0.013). Expression levels of let-7c showed potential to distinguish PC patients from BPH controls with AUC=0.757, but the result did not reach significance. Better discriminating performance was observed when combinations of studied biomarkers were used. Sensitivity of 86.8% and specificity of 81.8% were reached when all biomarkers were combined (AUC=0.877) and YAM were used as calibrators. None of the studied microRNAs (miRNAs) showed correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. PSA levels were significantly correlated with the Gleason score, tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis with Spearman correlation coefficients: 0.612, 0.576, and 0.458. In conclusion, the combination of the studied circulating plasma miRNAs and serum PSA has the potential to be used as a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for PC screening outperforming the PSA testing alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darina Kachakova
- 1 Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center , Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
166
|
Jackson BL, Grabowska A, Ratan HL. MicroRNA in prostate cancer: functional importance and potential as circulating biomarkers. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:930. [PMID: 25496077 PMCID: PMC4295407 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This non-systematic review article aims to summarise the progress made in understanding the functional consequences of microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in prostate cancer development, and the identification of potential miRNA targets as serum biomarkers for diagnosis or disease stratification. RESULTS A number of miRNAs have been shown to influence key cellular processes involved in prostate tumourigenesis, including apoptosis-avoidance, cell proliferation and migration and the androgen signalling pathway. An overlapping group of miRNAs have shown differential expression in the serum of patients with prostate cancer of varying stages compared with unaffected individuals. The majority of studies thus far however, involve small numbers of patients and have shown variable and occasionally conflicting results CONCLUSION MiRNAs show promise as potential circulating biomarkers in prostate cancer, but larger prospective studies are required to validate particular targets and better define their clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Jackson
- />Unit of Cancer Biology, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH England
| | - Anna Grabowska
- />Unit of Cancer Biology, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH England
| | - Hari L Ratan
- />Unit of Cancer Biology, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH England
- />Department of Urology, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB England
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Zheng Q, Peskoe SB, Ribas J, Rafiqi F, Kudrolli T, Meeker AK, De Marzo AM, Platz EA, Lupold SE. Investigation of miR-21, miR-141, and miR-221 expression levels in prostate adenocarcinoma for associated risk of recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Prostate 2014; 74:1655-62. [PMID: 25252191 PMCID: PMC4205269 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate a broad array of cellular and disease processes. Several miRNAs are differentially expressed in cancer and many are being considered as biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes. Here we quantified the expression of three miRNAs, miR-21, miR-141, and miR-221, from prostate cancer surgical specimens and evaluated their association with disease recurrence after primary therapy. METHODS A pilot nested case-control study was designed from a large cohort of men who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1993 and 2001. Total RNA was extracted from malignant prostate tissue of 59 cases (recurrence) and 59 controls. Cases and controls were matched on age, race, pathologic stage, and grade. The relative expression of each miRNA was then determined for each sample by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of recurrence for tertiles of miRNA expression. We noted block storage time effects and thus, used separate tertile cutpoints based on the controls by calendar year of prostatectomy. RESULTS Lower miR-221 expression was associated with a higher risk of recurrence; the ORs were 3.21 for the lowest tertile and 2.63 for the middle tertile compared with the highest tertile of expression (P-trend = 0.02). This pattern was unchanged after multivariable adjustment (P-trend = 0.05). No statistically significant trends were observed for miR-21 or miR-141 after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Based on this small pilot study, men with localized prostate cancers with lower miR-221 expression may have a greater risk for recurrence after surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sarah B. Peskoe
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Judit Ribas
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Fatema Rafiqi
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tarana Kudrolli
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alan K. Meeker
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shawn E. Lupold
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
- Correspondence: ; 600 N Wolfe St, Park 209, Baltimore, MD 21287 Phone: 410-502-4822, FAX: 410-502-7711
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Lu N, Dai P, Gao A, Valiaho J, Kallio P, Wang Y, Li T. Label-free and rapid electrical detection of hTSH with CMOS-compatible silicon nanowire transistor arrays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:20378-20384. [PMID: 25338002 DOI: 10.1021/am505915y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Now a human thyroid stimulating hormone (hTSH) assay has been considered as a screening tool for thyroid disease. However, some existing methods employed for in-hospital diagnosis still suffer from labor-intensive experimental steps, and expensive instrumentation. It is of great significance to meet the ever growing demand for development of label-free, disposable, and low-cost productive hTSH detection biosensors. Herein, we demonstrate a novel sensing strategy for highly sensitive and selective immunodetection of hTSH by using a CMOS-compatible silicon nanowire field effect transistor (SiNW-FET) device. The SiNW chips were manufactured by a top-down approach, allowing for the possibility of low-cost and large-scale production. By using the antibody-functionalized SiNW-FET nanosensors, we performed the label-free and rapid electrical detection of hTSH without any nanoparticle conjugation or signal amplifications. The proposed SiNW biosensor could detect hTSH binding down to a concentration of at least 0.02 mIU/L (0.11 pM), which is more sensitive than other sensing techniques. We also investigated the influence of Debye screening with varied ionic strength on hTSH detection sensitivity, and real-time measurements on various concentrations of the diluted buffer. The simple, label-free, low-cost, and miniaturized SiNW-FET chip has a potential perspective in point-of-care diagnosis of thyroid disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 200050, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
169
|
Jiang J, Jia P, Zhao Z, Shen B. Key regulators in prostate cancer identified by co-expression module analysis. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1015. [PMID: 25418933 PMCID: PMC4258300 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the world. Despite the fact that a large number of its genes have been investigated, its etiology remains poorly understood. Furthermore, most PrCa candidate genes have not been rigorously replicated, and the methods by which they biologically function in PrCa remain largely unknown. Results Aiming to identify key players in the complex prostate cancer system, we reconstructed PrCa co-expressed modules within functional gene sets defined by the Gene Ontology (GO) annotation (biological process, GO_BP). We primarily identified 118 GO_BP terms that were well-preserved between two independent gene expression datasets and a consequent 55 conserved co-expression modules within them. Five modules were then found to be significantly enriched with PrCa candidate genes collected from expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL), somatic copy number alteration (SCNA), somatic mutation data, or prognostic analyses. Specifically, two transcription factors (TFs) (NFAT and SP1) and three microRNAs (hsa-miR-19a, hsa-miR-15a, and hsa-miR-200b) regulating these five candidate modules were found to be critical to the development of PrCa. Conclusions Collectively, our results indicated that genes with similar functions may play important roles in disease through co-expression, and modules with different functions could be regulated by similar genetic components, such as TFs and microRNAs, in a synergistic manner. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1015) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
170
|
Qin Z, Peruzzi F, Reiss K, Dai L. Role of host microRNAs in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus pathogenesis. Viruses 2014; 6:4571-80. [PMID: 25421888 PMCID: PMC4246238 DOI: 10.3390/v6114571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA species that can bind to both untranslated and coding regions of target mRNAs, causing their degradation or post-transcriptional modification. Currently, over 2500 miRNAs have been identified in the human genome. Burgeoning evidence suggests that dysregulation of human miRNAs can play a role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including cancer. In contrast, only a small subset of human miRNAs has been functionally validated in the pathogenesis of oncogenic viruses, in particular, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KSHV is the etiologic agent of several human cancers, such as primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), which are mostly seen in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients or other immuno-suppressed subpopulation. This review summarizes recent literature outlining mechanisms for KSHV/viral proteins regulation of cellular miRNAs contributing to viral pathogenesis, as well as recent findings about the unique signature of miRNAs induced by KSHV infection or KSHV-related malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Qin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Neurological Cancer Research, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Neurological Cancer Research, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Lu Dai
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
A microRNA upregulated in asthma airway T cells promotes TH2 cytokine production. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:1162-70. [PMID: 25362490 PMCID: PMC4233009 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert powerful effects on immunological function by tuning networks of target genes that orchestrate cell activity. We sought to identify miRNAs and miRNA-regulated pathways that control the type 2 helper T cell (TH2 cell) responses that drive pathogenic inflammation in asthma. Profiling miRNA expression in human airway-infiltrating T cells revealed elevated expression of the miRNA miR-19a in asthma. Modulating miR-19 activity altered TH2 cytokine production in both human and mouse T cells, and TH2 cell responses were markedly impaired in cells lacking the entire miR-17∼92 cluster. miR-19 promoted TH2 cytokine production and amplified inflammatory signaling by direct targeting of the inositol phosphatase PTEN, the signaling inhibitor SOCS1 and the deubiquitinase A20. Thus, upregulation of miR-19a in asthma may be an indicator and a cause of increased TH2 cytokine production in the airways.
Collapse
|
172
|
Alečković M, Kang Y. Regulation of cancer metastasis by cell-free miRNAs. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1855:24-42. [PMID: 25450578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are integral molecules in the regulation of numerous physiological cellular processes that have emerged as critical players in cancer initiation and metastatic progression, both by promoting and suppressing metastasis. Recently, cell-free miRNAs shed from cancer cells into circulation have been reported in cancer patients, raising hope for development of novel biomarkers that can be routinely measured in easily accessible samples. In fact, establishing miRNA expression in the circulation likely has advantages over determination in primary tumor tissue, further augmenting the potential applications of miRNA detection in oncological practice. In addition, secretion of miRNAs impacting distant cell signaling or promoting the formation of a niche that sustains a distant tumor microenvironment allows for new treatment approaches to thwart cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maša Alečković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Cannistraci A, Di Pace AL, De Maria R, Bonci D. MicroRNA as new tools for prostate cancer risk assessment and therapeutic intervention: results from clinical data set and patients' samples. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:146170. [PMID: 25309903 PMCID: PMC4182080 DOI: 10.1155/2014/146170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in men. Despite considerable advances in prostate cancer early detection and clinical management, validation of new biomarkers able to predict the natural history of tumor progression is still necessary in order to reduce overtreatment and to guide therapeutic decisions. MicroRNAs are endogenous noncoding RNAs which offer a fast fine-tuning and energy-saving mechanism for posttranscriptional control of protein expression. Growing evidence indicate that these RNAs are able to regulate basic cell functions and their aberrant expression has been significantly correlated with cancer development. Therefore, detection of microRNAs in tumor tissues and body fluids represents a new tool for early diagnosis and patient prognosis prediction. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about microRNA deregulation in prostate cancer mainly focusing on the different clinical aspects of the disease. We also highlight the potential roles of microRNAs in PCa management, while also discussing several current challenges and needed future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Cannistraci
- Departement of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Di Pace
- Departement of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Fermo Ognibene, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Désirée Bonci
- Departement of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Fermo Ognibene, 00144 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Kotb S, Mosharafa A, Essawi M, Hassan H, Meshref A, Morsy A. Circulating miRNAs 21 and 221 as biomarkers for early diagnosis of prostate cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12613-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
175
|
Novel RNA markers in prostate cancer: functional considerations and clinical translation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:765207. [PMID: 25250334 PMCID: PMC4163430 DOI: 10.1155/2014/765207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The availability of ultra-high throughput DNA and RNA sequencing technologies in recent years has led to the identification of numerous novel transcripts, whose functions are unknown as yet. Evidence is accumulating that many of these molecules are deregulated in diseases, including prostate cancer, and potentially represent novel targets for diagnosis and therapy. In particular, functional genomic analysis of microRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in cancer is likely to contribute insights into tumor development. Here, we compile recent efforts to catalog differential expression of miRNA and lncRNA in prostate cancer and to understand RNA function in tumor progression. We further highlight technologies for molecular characterization of noncoding RNAs and provide an overview of current activities to exploit them for the diagnosis and therapy of this complex tumor.
Collapse
|
176
|
Noncoding RNAs as novel biomarkers in prostate cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:591703. [PMID: 25243154 PMCID: PMC4163346 DOI: 10.1155/2014/591703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common diagnosed malignant disease in men worldwide. Although serum PSA test dramatically improved the early diagnosis of PCa, it also led to an overdiagnosis and as a consequence to an overtreatment of patients with an indolent disease. New biomarkers for diagnosis, prediction, and monitoring of the disease are needed. These biomarkers would enable the selection of patients with aggressive or progressive disease and, hence, would contribute to the implementation of individualized therapy of the cancer patient. Since the FDA approval of the long noncoding PCA3 RNA-based urine test for the diagnosis of PCa patients, many new noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) associated with PCa have been discovered. According to their size and function, ncRNAs can be divided into small and long ncRNAs. NcRNAs are expressed in (tumor) tissue, but many are also found in circulating tumor cells and in all body fluids as protein-bound or incorporated in extracellular vesicles. In these protected forms they are stable and so they can be easily analyzed, even in archival specimens. In this review, the authors will focus on ncRNAs as novel biomarker candidates for PCa diagnosis, prediction, prognosis, and monitoring of therapeutic response and discuss their potential for an implementation into clinical practice.
Collapse
|
177
|
Kang S, Zhao Y, Hu K, Xu C, Wang L, Liu J, Yao A, Zhang H, Cao F. miR-124 exhibits antiproliferative and antiaggressive effects on prostate cancer cells through PACE4 pathway. Prostate 2014; 74:1095-106. [PMID: 24913567 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PACE4 plays an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) proliferation and aggression, which might provide a useful target against prostate cancer. In this study, we had strived to find some key miRNAs to decrease malignancy and invasiveness of PCa through regulating PACE4 expression. METHODS Clinically pathological analysis of immunohistochemistry/in situ hybridization was carried out to detect the relationship between PACE4 expression/miRNAs and the malignancy of prostate mass. Prostate cell lines (DU145, C4-2, and BPH-1) were cultured for growth curve, immunocytochemistry analysis, colony formation, Matrigel invasion, and transcriptional/translational expression assay of PACE4-related signaling molecules for confirming the relationship. MiRNAs targeting PACE4 were predicted, validated and further-corroborated using bio-software, real-time PCR, luciferase reporter assay and transfection of miRNA mimics and inhibitor. RESULTS It was suggested that PACE4 might reflect the pathological malignancy of prostate lesion from pathology analysis. Moreover, DU145 cells, the highest PACE4-level and related TF expression indicated of the strongest malignancy and invasiveness. It was significantly found that miR-124 was presented with the biggest odd to target PACE4-3'UTR, the capability of decreasing PACE expression and slowing down cell growth and cell invasion. CONCLUSIONS It was clear that PACE4 level was closely associated with malignancy and invasiveness of PCa in vivo or in vitro MiR-124, played a crucial role inhibiting PACE4 transcription thus exhibiting obvious effects of antiproliferation and antiaggression of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaosan Kang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Hebei United University Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
178
|
Muthu M, Cheriyan VT, Munie S, Levi E, Frank J, Ashour AE, Singh M, Rishi AK. Mechanisms of neuroblastoma cell growth inhibition by CARP-1 functional mimetics. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102567. [PMID: 25033461 PMCID: PMC4102511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastomas (NBs) are a clinically heterogeneous group of extra cranial pediatric tumors. Patients with high-risk, metastatic NBs have a long-term survival rate of below 40%, and are often resistant to current therapeutic modalities. Due to toxic side effects associated with radiation and chemotherapies, development of new agents is warranted to overcome resistance and effectively treat this disease in clinic. CARP-1 functional mimetics (CFMs) are an emerging class of small molecule compounds that inhibit growth of diverse cancer cell types. Here we investigated NB inhibitory potential of CFMs and the molecular mechanisms involved. CFM-1, -4, and -5 inhibited NB cell growth, in vitro, independent of their p53 and MYCN status. CFM-4 and -5 induced apoptosis in NB cells in part by activating pro-apoptotic stress-activated kinases (SAPKs) p38 and JNK, stimulating CARP-1 expression and cleavage of PARP1, while promoting loss of the oncogenes C and N-myc as well as mitotic cyclin B1. Treatments of NB cells with CFM-4 or -5 also resulted in loss of Inhibitory κB (IκB) α and β proteins. Micro-RNA profiling revealed upregulation of XIAP-targeting miR513a-3p in CFM-4-treated NB, mesothelioma, and breast cancer cells. Moreover, exposure of NB and breast cancer cells to CFM-4 or -5 resulted in diminished expression of anti-apoptotic XIAP1, cIAP1, and Survivin proteins. Expression of anti-miR513a-5p or miR513a-5p mimic, however, interfered with or enhanced, respectively, the breast cancer cell growth inhibition by CFM-4. CFMs also impacted biological properties of the NB cells by blocking their abilities to migrate, form colonies in suspension, and invade through the matrix-coated membranes. Our studies indicate anti-NB properties of CFM-4 and 5, and suggest that these CFMs and/or their future analogs have potential as anti-NB agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magesh Muthu
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Oncology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Vino T. Cheriyan
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Oncology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sara Munie
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Oncology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Edi Levi
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Pathology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - John Frank
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Abdelkader E. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Arun K. Rishi
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Oncology Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Sita-Lumsden A, Fletcher CE, Dart DA, Brooke GN, Waxman J, Bevan CL. Circulating nucleic acids as biomarkers of prostate cancer. Biomark Med 2014; 7:867-77. [PMID: 24266819 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer, the most common cancer of western men, requires new biomarkers, especially given that the benefits of PSA testing remain uncertain. Nucleic acids can now be accurately and sensitively detected in human blood. Over the last decade, investigations into utility of circulating cell-free miRNA, DNA and mRNA as novel biomarkers have expanded exponentially. In the near future, they may be routinely used to accurately diagnose cancers, stratify indolent from aggressive disease and inform treatment decisions. However, advancement of such tests into clinical settings is hampered by technical problems with assay specificity and sensitivity, and small study sizes. This review highlights the different forms of circulating nucleic acids and those that show the most potential as viable biomarkers for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa Sita-Lumsden
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational & Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
180
|
Abstract
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) is a key transcription factor that regulates the expression of over a hundred cytoprotective and antioxidant genes that provide cellular protection from reactive oxygen species. Chemotherapy resistance in several cancers has been linked to dysregulation of the NRF2 signalling pathway, moreover there is growing evidence that NRF2 may contribute to tumorigenesis. MicroRNA (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA sequences that post-transcriptionally regulate mRNA sequences. In cancer pathogenesis, aberrantly expressed miRNAs can act as either tumor suppressor or oncogenic miRNA. Recent evidence has been described that identifies a number of miRNA that can be regulated by NRF2. This review outlines the importance of NRF2 in regulating miRNA, and the functional role this may have in the tumorigenesis of human malignancies and their chemotherapy resistance.
Collapse
|
181
|
Wang SY, Shiboski S, Belair CD, Cooperberg MR, Simko JP, Stoppler H, Cowan J, Carroll PR, Blelloch R. miR-19, miR-345, miR-519c-5p serum levels predict adverse pathology in prostate cancer patients eligible for active surveillance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98597. [PMID: 24893170 PMCID: PMC4043973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum microRNAs hold great promise as easily accessible and measurable biomarkers of disease. In prostate cancer, serum miRNA signatures have been associated with the presence of disease as well as correlated with previously validated risk models. However, it is unclear whether miRNAs can provide independent prognostic information beyond current risk models. Here, we focus on a group of low-risk prostate cancer patients who were eligible for active surveillance, but chose surgery. A major criteria for the low risk category is a Gleason score of 6 or lower based on pre-surgical biopsy. However, a third of these patients are upgraded to Gleason 7 on post surgical pathological analysis. Both in a discovery and a validation cohort, we find that pre-surgical serum levels of miR-19, miR-345 and miR-519c-5p can help identify these patients independent of their pre-surgical age, PSA, stage, and percent biopsy involvement. A combination of the three miRNAs increased the area under a receiver operator characteristics curve from 0.77 to 0.94 (p<0.01). Also, when combined with the CAPRA risk model the miRNA signature significantly enhanced prediction of patients with Gleason 7 disease. In-situ hybridizations of matching tumors showed miR-19 upregulation in transformed versus normal-appearing tumor epithelial, but independent of tumor grade suggesting an alternative source for the increase in serum miR-19a/b levels or the release of pre-existing intracellular miR-19a/b upon progression. Together, these data show that serum miRNAs can predict relatively small steps in tumor progression improving the capacity to predict disease risk and, therefore, potentially drive clinical decisions in prostate cancer patients. It will be important to validate these findings in a larger multi-institutional study as well as with independent methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siao-Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen Shiboski
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cassandra D. Belair
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Cooperberg
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey P. Simko
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hubert Stoppler
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Janet Cowan
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter R. Carroll
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Blelloch
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Jarry J, Schadendorf D, Greenwood C, Spatz A, van Kempen LC. The validity of circulating microRNAs in oncology: five years of challenges and contradictions. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:819-29. [PMID: 24656978 PMCID: PMC5528532 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in circulation have received an increasing amount of interest as potential minimal invasive diagnostic tools in oncology. Several diagnostic, prognostic and predictive signatures have been proposed for a variety of cancers at different stages of disease, but these have not been subjected to a critical review regarding their validity: reproducible identification in comparable studies and/or with different platforms of miRNA detection. In this review, we will critically address the results of circulating miRNA research in oncology that have been published between January 2008 and June 2013 (5.5 years), and discuss pre-analytical challenges, technological pitfalls and limitations that may contribute to the non-reproducibility of circulating miRNA research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Jarry
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - C Greenwood
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Spatz
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - L C van Kempen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
183
|
Ralla B, Stephan C, Meller S, Dietrich D, Kristiansen G, Jung K. Nucleic acid-based biomarkers in body fluids of patients with urologic malignancies. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 51:200-31. [PMID: 24878357 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2014.914888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the promising potential of nucleic acids in body fluids such as blood and urine as diagnostic, prognostic, predictive and monitoring biomarkers in urologic malignancies. The tremendous progress in the basic knowledge of molecular processes in cancer, as shown in the companion review on nucleic acid-based biomarkers in tissue of urologic tumors, provides a strong rationale for using these molecular changes as non-invasive markers in body fluids. The changes observed in body fluids are an integrative result, reflecting both tissue changes and processes occurring in the body fluids. The availability of sensitive methods has only recently made possible detailed studies of DNA- and RNA-based markers in body fluids. In addition to these biological aspects, methodological aspects of the determination of nucleic acids in body fluids, i.e. pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical issues, are particularly emphasized. The characteristic changes of RNA (differential mRNA and miRNA expression) and DNA (concentrations, integrity index, mutations, microsatellite and methylation alterations) in serum/plasma and urine samples of patients suffering from the essential urologic cancers of the prostate, bladder, kidney and testis are summarized and critically discussed below. To translate the promising results into clinical practice, laboratory scientists and clinicians have to collaborate to resolve the challenges of harmonized and feasible pre-analytical and analytical conditions for the selected markers and to validate these markers in well-designed and sufficiently powered multi-center studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Ralla
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
184
|
Nahavandi S, Baratchi S, Soffe R, Tang SY, Nahavandi S, Mitchell A, Khoshmanesh K. Microfluidic platforms for biomarker analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1496-514. [PMID: 24663505 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51124c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers have been described as characteristics, most often molecular, that provide information about biological states, whether normal, pathological, or therapeutically modified. They hold great potential to assist diagnosis and prognosis, monitor disease, and assess therapeutic effectiveness. While a few biomarkers are routinely utilised clinically, these only reflect a very small percentage of all biomarkers discovered. Numerous factors contribute to the slow uptake of these new biomarkers, with challenges faced throughout the biomarker development pipeline. Microfluidics offers two important opportunities to the field of biomarkers: firstly, it can address some of these developmental obstacles, and secondly, it can provide the precise and complex platform required to bridge the gap between biomarker research and the biomarker-based analytical device market. Indeed, adoption of microfluidics has provided a new avenue for advancement, promoting clinical utilisation of both biomarkers and their analytical platforms. This review will discuss biomarkers and outline microfluidic platforms developed for biomarker analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Nahavandi
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
185
|
Seven M, Karatas OF, Duz MB, Ozen M. The role of miRNAs in cancer: from pathogenesis to therapeutic implications. Future Oncol 2014; 10:1027-48. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Cancer is still one of the dominating causes of deaths worldwide, although there have been important enhancements for detection and diagnosis of cancer recently. miRNAs are shown to participate in carcinogenesis of several types of tumors and their aberrant expression of miRNAs has been detected in cell lines, xenografts and clinical samples. miRNAs are thought to target and modulate the expression of more than 60% of human genes, which makes the expressional regulation by miRNAs the most abundant post-transcriptional regulation mode. Here, we have reviewed the most current literature to shed a light on the functions of miRNAs on human carcinogenesis. Possible roles of miRNAs in oncogenesis through both genetic and epigenetic changes occurring during cancer initiation, progression, invasion or metastasis are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Seven
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
- Molecular Biology & Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bugrahan Duz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Pathology & Immunology Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Mekhail SM, Yousef PG, Jackinsky SW, Pasic M, Yousef GM. miRNA in Prostate Cancer: New Prospects for Old Challenges. EJIFCC 2014; 25:79-98. [PMID: 27683458 PMCID: PMC4975192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among men but has limited prognostic biomarkers available for follow up. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of their target genes. Accumulating experimental evidence reports differential miRNA expression in PCa, and that miRNAs are actively involved in the pathogenesis and progression of PCa. miRNA and androgen receptor signaling cross-talk is an established factor in PCa pathogenesis. Differential miRNA expression was found between patients with high versus low Gleason scores, and was also observed in patients with biochemical failure, hormone-resistant cancer and in metastasis. Metastasis requires epithelial-mesenchymal transition which shares many cancer stem cell biological characteristics and both are associated with miRNA dysregulation. In the era of personalized medicine, there is a broad spectrum of potential clinical applications of miRNAs. These applications can significantly improve PCa management including their use as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers, or as predictive markers for treatment efficiency. Preliminary evidence demonstrates that miRNAs can also be used for risk stratification. Circulatory miRNAs can serve as non-invasive biomarkers in urine and/or serum of PCa patients. More recently, analysis of miRNAs and circulating tumor cells are gaining significant attention. Moreover, miRNAs represent an attractive new class of therapeutic targets for PCa. Here, we summarize the current knowledge and the future prospects of miRNAs in PCa, their advantages, and potential challenges as tissue and circulating biomarkers. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men in western populations. The American Cancer Society estimated 239, 590 new cases and 29, 720 expected deaths in the USA in 2013. One in every six men are at risk of developing PCa during their lifetime (1). Currently, the standard biomarker for PCa diagnosis is prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which has its limitations, leading to the risks of PCa over diagnosis and harmful overtreatment. The prognostic value of PSA is also questionable (2). Stepping into the new epoch of personalized medicine, molecular markers are urgently needed to improve the different aspects of PCa management (3). miRNAs represent an attractive class of emerging biomarkers that can help in this regard (4;5).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samy M Mekhail
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li KaShing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter G Yousef
- American International College of Arts and Sciences, Antigua
| | | | - Maria Pasic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Joseph’s Health Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - George M Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li KaShing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada,*Department of Laboratory Medicine St. Michael’s Hospital 30 Bond Street Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada 416-864-6060 ext. 77605416-864-5648
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Sapre N, Hong MKH, Macintyre G, Lewis H, Kowalczyk A, Costello AJ, Corcoran NM, Hovens CM. Curated microRNAs in urine and blood fail to validate as predictive biomarkers for high-risk prostate cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91729. [PMID: 24705338 PMCID: PMC3976264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if microRNA profiling of urine and plasma at radical prostatectomy can distinguish potentially lethal from indolent prostate cancer. Materials and Methods A panel of microRNAs was profiled in the plasma of 70 patients and the urine of 33 patients collected prior to radical prostatectomy. Expression of microRNAs was correlated to the clinical endpoints at a follow-up time of 3.9 years to identify microRNAs that may predict clinical response after radical prostatectomy. A machine learning approach was applied to test the predictive ability of all microRNAs profiled in urine, plasma, and a combination of both, and global performance assessed using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC). Validation of urinary expression of miRNAs was performed on a further independent cohort of 36 patients. Results The best predictor in plasma using eight miRs yielded only moderate predictive performance (AUC = 0.62). The best predictor of high-risk disease was achieved using miR-16, miR-21 and miR-222 measured in urine (AUC = 0.75). This combination of three microRNAs in urine was a better predictor of high-risk disease than any individual microRNA. Using a different methodology we found that this set of miRNAs was unable to predict high-volume, high-grade disease. Conclusions Our initial findings suggested that plasma and urinary profiling of microRNAs at radical prostatectomy may allow prognostication of prostate cancer behaviour. However we found that the microRNA expression signature failed to validate in an independent cohort of patients using a different platform for PCR. This highlights the need for independent validation patient cohorts and suggests that urinary microRNA signatures at radical prostatectomy may not be a robust way to predict the course of clinical disease after definitive treatment for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Sapre
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Epworth, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew K. H. Hong
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Epworth, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoff Macintyre
- NICTA Victoria Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heather Lewis
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Epworth, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam Kowalczyk
- NICTA Victoria Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Costello
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Epworth, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Niall M. Corcoran
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Epworth, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher M. Hovens
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Epworth, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Mensaert K, Denil S, Trooskens G, Van Criekinge W, Thas O, De Meyer T. Next-generation technologies and data analytical approaches for epigenomics. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2014; 55:155-70. [PMID: 24327356 DOI: 10.1002/em.21841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the collection of heritable features that modulate the genome-environment interaction without being encoded in the actual DNA sequence. While being mitotically and sometimes even meiotically transmitted, epigenetic traits often demonstrate extensive flexibility. This allows cells to acquire diverse gene expression patterns during differentiation, but also to adapt to a changing environment. However, epigenetic alterations are not always beneficial to the organism, as they are, for example, frequently identified in human diseases such as cancer. Accurate and cost-efficient genome-scale profiling of epigenetic features is thus of major importance to pinpoint these "epimutations," for example, to monitor the epigenetic impact of environmental exposure. Over the last decade, the field of epigenetics has been revolutionized by several innovative "epigenomics" technologies exactly addressing this need. In this review, we discuss and compare widely used next-generation methods to assess DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, noncoding RNA expression, histone modifications, and nucleosome positioning. Although recent methods are typically based on "second-generation" sequencing, we also pay attention to still commonly used array- and PCR-based methods, and look forward to the additional advantages of single-molecule sequencing. As the current bottleneck in epigenomics research is the analysis rather than generation of data, the basic difficulties and problem-solving strategies regarding data preprocessing and statistical analysis are introduced for the different technologies. Finally, we also consider the complications associated with epigenomic studies of species with yet unsequenced genomes and possible solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaas Mensaert
- Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
189
|
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, nonprotein-coding RNAs that function as posttranscriptional regulators of target genes. miRNAs are involved in multiple cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis processes that are closely related to tumorigenesis. Circulating miRNAs are promising cancer biomarkers under development with great translational potential in personalized medicine. Here, we describe the origin and function of circulating miRNAs and compare the current new high-throughput technology applied to miRNA quantitation. The latest publications on circulating miRNAs were summarized, indicating that miRNAs are potential biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response of major cancer types including prostate, breast, lung, colorectal, and hematological cancers. We addressed the strengths and limitations of applying circulating miRNAs in clinical laboratory and several issues associated with the accurate measurement of circulating miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qing H Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
Imaging and Markers as Novel Diagnostic Tools in Detecting Insignificant Prostate Cancer: A Critical Overview. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:243080. [PMID: 27351008 PMCID: PMC4897503 DOI: 10.1155/2014/243080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent therapeutic advances for managing low-risk prostate cancer include the active surveillance and focal treatment. However, locating a tumor and detecting its volume by adequate sampling is still problematic. Development of predictive biomarkers guiding individual therapeutic choices remains an ongoing challenge. At the same time, prostate cancer magnetic resonance imaging is gaining increasing importance for prostate diagnostics. The high morphological resolution of T2-weighted imaging and functional MRI methods may increase the specificity and sensitivity of diagnostics. Also, recent studies founded an ability of novel biomarkers to identify clinically insignificant prostate cancer, risk of progression, and association with poor differentiation and, therefore, with clinical significance. Probably, the above mentioned methods would improve tumor characterization in terms of its volume, aggressiveness, and focality. In this review, we attempted to evaluate the applications of novel imaging techniques and biomarkers in assessing the significance of the prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
191
|
Stahlhut C, Slack FJ. MicroRNAs and the cancer phenotype: profiling, signatures and clinical implications. Genome Med 2013; 5:111. [PMID: 24373327 PMCID: PMC3978829 DOI: 10.1186/gm516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key genetic regulators of a wide variety of biological processes, including growth, proliferation, and survival. Recent advances have led to the recognition that miRNAs can act as potent oncogenes and tumor suppressors, playing crucial roles in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of the oncogenic state in a variety of cancers. Determining how miRNA expression and function is altered in cancer is an important goal, and a necessary prerequisite to the development and adoption of miRNA-based therapeutics in the clinic. Highly promising clinical applications of miRNAs are the use of miRNA signatures as biomarkers for cancer (for example, for early detection or diagnosis), and therapeutic supplementation or inhibition of specific miRNAs to alter the cancer phenotype. In this review, we discuss the main methods used for miRNA profiling, and examine key miRNAs that are commonly altered in a variety of tumors. Current studies underscore the functional versatility and potency of miRNAs in various aspects of the cancer phenotype, pointing to their potential clinical applications. Consequently, we discuss the application of miRNAs as biomarkers, clinical agents, and therapeutic targets, highlighting both the enormous potential and major challenges in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Stahlhut
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Frank J Slack
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Soekmadji C, Russell PJ, Nelson CC. Exosomes in prostate cancer: putting together the pieces of a puzzle. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1522-44. [PMID: 24351670 PMCID: PMC3875952 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5041522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have been shown to act as mediators for cell to cell communication and as a potential source of biomarkers for many diseases, including prostate cancer. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles secreted by cells and consist of proteins normally found in multivesicular bodies, RNA, DNA and lipids. As a potential source of biomarkers, exosomes have attracted considerable attention, as their protein content resembles that of their cells of origin, even though it is noted that the proteins, miRNAs and lipids found in the exosomes are not a reflective stoichiometric sampling of the contents from the parent cells. While the biogenesis of exosomes in dendritic cells and platelets has been extensively characterized, much less is known about the biogenesis of exosomes in cancer cells. An understanding of the processes involved in prostate cancer will help to further elucidate the role of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles in prostate cancer progression and metastasis. There are few methodologies available for general isolation of exosomes, however validation of those methodologies is necessary to study the role of exosomal-derived biomarkers in various diseases. In this review, we discuss “exosomes” as a member of the family of extracellular vesicles and their potential to provide candidate biomarkers for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Soekmadji
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Level 3 West, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
193
|
Microfluidic chip-based technologies: emerging platforms for cancer diagnosis. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:76. [PMID: 24070124 PMCID: PMC3849190 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of early and personalized diagnostic protocols is considered the most promising avenue to decrease mortality from cancer and improve outcome. The emerging microfluidic-based analyzing platforms hold high promises to fulfill high-throughput and high-precision screening with reduced equipment cost and low analysis time, as compared to traditional bulky counterparts in bench-top laboratories. This article overviewed the potential applications of microfluidic technologies for detection and monitoring of cancer through nucleic acid and protein biomarker analysis. The implications of the technologies in cancer cytology that can provide functional personalized diagnosis were highlighted. Finally, the future niches for using microfluidic-based systems in tumor screening were briefly discussed.
Collapse
|
194
|
Leal J, Lleonart M. MicroRNAs and cancer stem cells: Therapeutic approaches and future perspectives. Cancer Lett 2013; 338:174-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
195
|
Profiling of circulating microRNAs for prostate cancer biomarker discovery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2013; 4:19-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-013-0169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
196
|
Chugh PE, Sin SH, Ozgur S, Henry DH, Menezes P, Griffith J, Eron JJ, Damania B, Dittmer DP. Systemically circulating viral and tumor-derived microRNAs in KSHV-associated malignancies. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003484. [PMID: 23874201 PMCID: PMC3715412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are stable, small non-coding RNAs that modulate many downstream target genes. Recently, circulating miRNAs have been detected in various body fluids and within exosomes, prompting their evaluation as candidate biomarkers of diseases, especially cancer. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common AIDS-associated cancer and remains prevalent despite Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART). KS is caused by KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a gamma herpesvirus also associated with Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL). We sought to determine the host and viral circulating miRNAs in plasma, pleural fluid or serum from patients with the KSHV-associated malignancies KS and PEL and from two mouse models of KS. Both KSHV-encoded miRNAs and host miRNAs, including members of the miR-17–92 cluster, were detectable within patient exosomes and circulating miRNA profiles from KSHV mouse models. Further characterization revealed a subset of miRNAs that seemed to be preferentially incorporated into exosomes. Gene ontology analysis of signature exosomal miRNA targets revealed several signaling pathways that are known to be important in KSHV pathogenesis. Functional analysis of endothelial cells exposed to patient-derived exosomes demonstrated enhanced cell migration and IL-6 secretion. This suggests that exosomes derived from KSHV-associated malignancies are functional and contain a distinct subset of miRNAs. These could represent candidate biomarkers of disease and may contribute to the paracrine phenotypes that are a characteristic of KS. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), such as those found in exosomes, have emerged as diagnostic tools and hold promise as minimally invasive, stable biomarkers. Transfer of tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs to surrounding cells may be an important form of cellular communication. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the most common AIDS-defining cancer worldwide. Here, we survey systemically circulating miRNAs and reveal potential biomarkers for KS and Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL). This expands previous tissue culture studies by profiling clinical samples and by using two new mouse models of KSHV tumorigenesis. Profiling of circulating miRNAs revealed that oncogenic and viral miRNAs were present in exosomes from KS patient plasma, pleural effusions and mouse models of KS. Analysis of human oncogenic miRNAs, including the well-known miR-17-92 cluster, revealed that several miRNAs were preferentially incorporated into exosomes in our KS mouse model. Gene ontology analysis of upregulated miRNAs showed that the majority of pathways affected were known targets of KSHV signaling pathways. Transfer of these oncogenic exosomes to immortalized hTERT-HUVEC cells enhanced cell migration and IL-6 secretion. These circulating miRNAs and KS derived exosomes may therefore be part of the paracrine signaling mechanism that mediates KSHV pathogenesis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Body Fluids/metabolism
- Body Fluids/virology
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/virology
- Exosomes/metabolism
- Exosomes/ultrastructure
- Exosomes/virology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/blood
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Pleural Cavity
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant/etiology
- RNA, Neoplasm/blood
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/blood
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/physiopathology
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology
- Up-Regulation
- Viral Load
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline E. Chugh
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Global Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sang-Hoon Sin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Global Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sezgin Ozgur
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Global Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David H. Henry
- Department of Oncology, Joan Karnell Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Prema Menezes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jack Griffith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Global Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph J. Eron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Global Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dirk P. Dittmer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Program in Global Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Extracellular microRNAs in urologic malignancies: chances and challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14785-99. [PMID: 23863690 PMCID: PMC3742273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140714785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs that are 19–23 nucleotides long, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved in almost all biological mechanisms during carcinogenesis. Recent studies show that miRNAs released from live cells are detectable in body fluids and may be taken up by other cells to confer cell-cell communication. These released miRNAs (here referred to as extracellular miRNAs) are often protected by RNA-binding proteins or embedded inside circulating microvesicles. Due to their relative stability, extracellular miRNAs are believed to be promising candidates as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of disease, or even as therapeutic agents for targeted treatment. In this review, we first describe biogenesis and characteristics of these miRNAs. We then summarize recent publications involving extracellular miRNA profiling studies in three representative urologic cancers, including: prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. We focus on the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of these miRNAs in biological fluids, such as serum, plasma, and urine. Finally, we discuss advantages and challenges of these miRNAs in clinical applications.
Collapse
|
198
|
de Kouchkovsky D, Esensten JH, Rosenthal WL, Morar MM, Bluestone JA, Jeker LT. microRNA-17-92 regulates IL-10 production by regulatory T cells and control of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1594-605. [PMID: 23858035 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNA) are essential for regulatory T cell (Treg) function but little is known about the functional relevance of individual miRNA loci. We identified the miR-17-92 cluster as CD28 costimulation dependent, suggesting that it may be key for Treg development and function. Although overall immune homeostasis was maintained in mice with miR-17-92-deficient Tregs, expression of the miR-17-92 miRNA cluster was critical for Treg accumulation and function during an acute organ-specific autoimmune disease in vivo. Treg-specific loss of miR-17-92 expression resulted in exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalitis and failure to establish clinical remission. Using peptide-MHC tetramers, we demonstrate that the miR-17-92 cluster was specifically required for the accumulation of activated Ag-specific Treg and for differentiation into IL-10-producing effector Treg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri de Kouchkovsky
- Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
199
|
Jeker LT, Zhou X, Blelloch R, Bluestone JA. DGCR8-mediated production of canonical microRNAs is critical for regulatory T cell function and stability. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66282. [PMID: 23741528 PMCID: PMC3669207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are integral for immune homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that canonical microRNAs (miRNAs) are required for Treg function because mice with DGCR8-deficient Treg cells spontaneously develop a scurfy-like disease. Using genetic lineage marking we show that absence of miRNAs leads to reduced FoxP3 expression in Treg cells in vivo. In vitro culture of purified DGCR8-deficient Treg leads to a loss of FoxP3 expression. We conclude that canonical miRNAs are essential to maintain stable FoxP3 expression and Treg function. Thus, signals interfering with miRNA homeostasis might contribute to autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas T. Jeker
- Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xuyu Zhou
- Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Blelloch
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America,
| | - Jeffrey A. Bluestone
- Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Ma Y, Wang X, Jin H. Methylated DNA and microRNA in body fluids as biomarkers for cancer detection. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10307-31. [PMID: 23681012 PMCID: PMC3676840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation and microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the initiation and progression of human cancers. As the extensively studied epigenetic changes in tumors, DNA methylation and miRNAs are the most potential epigenetic biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. After the identification of circulating cell-free nuclear acids, increasing evidence demonstrated great potential of cell-free epigenetic biomarkers in the blood or other body fluids for cancer detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Ma
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|