151
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Torchiaro E, Lorenzato A, Olivero M, Valdembri D, Gagliardi PA, Gai M, Erriquez J, Serini G, Di Renzo MF. Peritoneal and hematogenous metastases of ovarian cancer cells are both controlled by the p90RSK through a self-reinforcing cell autonomous mechanism. Oncotarget 2016; 7:712-28. [PMID: 26625210 PMCID: PMC4808028 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms orchestrating peritoneal and hematogenous metastases of ovarian cancer cells are assumed to be distinct. We studied the p90RSK family of serine/threonine kinases that lie downstream the RAS-ERK/MAPK pathway and modulate a variety of cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, motility and invasiveness. We found the RSK1 and RSK2 isoforms expressed in a number of human ovarian cancer cell lines, where they played redundant roles in sustaining in vitro motility and invasiveness. In vivo, silencing of both RSK1 and RSK2 almost abrogated short-term and long-term metastatic engraftment of ovarian cancer cells in the peritoneum. In addition, RSK1/RSK2 silenced cells failed to colonize the lungs after intravenous injection and to form hematogenous metastasis from subcutaneous xenografts. RSK1/RSK2 suppression resulted in lessened ovarian cancer cell spreading on endogenous fibronectin (FN). Mechanistically, RSK1/RSK2 knockdown diminished FN transcription, α5β1 integrin activation and TGF-β1 translation. Reduced endogenous FN deposition and TGF-β1 secretion depended on the lack of activating phosphorylation of the transcription/translation factor YB-1 by p90RSK. Altogether data show how p90RSK activates a self-reinforcing cell autonomous pro-adhesive circuit necessary for metastatic seeding of ovarian cancer cells. Thus, p90RSK inhibitors might hinder both the hematogenous and the peritoneal metastatic spread of human ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Torchiaro
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lorenzato
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
| | - Martina Olivero
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
| | - Donatella Valdembri
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
| | - Paolo Armando Gagliardi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
| | - Marta Gai
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin at the Molecular Biotechnology Center, Torino, Italy
| | - Jessica Erriquez
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
| | - Guido Serini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
| | - Maria Flavia Di Renzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO)-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
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152
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SUSD2 expression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer correlates with increased patient survival and defective mesothelial clearance. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e264. [PMID: 27775699 PMCID: PMC5117850 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of death among the majority of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients involves passive dissemination of cancer cells within the peritoneal cavity and subsequent implantation of cancer spheroids into adjacent organs. Thus, it is important to identify the factors that mediate EOC metastasis and implantation, including clearance of the mesothelium. Sushi domain containing 2 (SUSD2) encodes a type I transmembrane protein containing several functional domains inherent to adhesion molecules. Immunohistochemical analysis determined the presence of SUSD2 in several subtypes of EOC, with the strongest staining observed in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOCs). A high-density, clinically annotated HGSOC tissue microarray was stained with an anti-SUSD2 antibody. Patients with tumors that had a low percentage of SUSD2 staining cells had a shorter median survival (31.7 months) compared with patients who had tumors with extensive SUSD2 staining (49.1 months; P-value=0.0083). To investigate the role of SUSD2 in HGSOCs, stable OVCAR3, OVSAHO and KURAMOCHI cell lines were established with knockdown (KD) or non-targeting (NT) of SUSD2. Boyden chamber and wound-healing assays demonstrated that OVCAR3, OVSAHO and KURAMOCHI SUSD2-KD cells migrated at significantly higher rates compared with their SUSD2 NT counterpart cell lines. Quantitative reverse transcription–PCR and western immunoblot analysis indicated an inverse relationship between SUSD2 and well-characterized mesenchymal proteins, including Twist-1, Zeb-1, N-cadherin, STEAP1, AHNAK, Snail-1, COL5A2 and Snail-3 in OVCAR3, OVSAHO and KURAMOCHI cell line models. In addition, OVCAR3 and KURAMOCHI SUSD2-KD spheroids displayed increased mesothelial clearance ability compared with cells that express endogenous levels of SUSD2. These data suggest that SUSD2 has a role in the inhibition of mesothelial clearance, which is required for metastasis. Altogether, our findings indicate that SUSD2 impedes migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitional and mesothelial clearance of HGSOC cells, consistent with prolonged survival of patients with SUSD2-expressing tumors.
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153
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Nakamura K, Sawada K, Kinose Y, Yoshimura A, Toda A, Nakatsuka E, Hashimoto K, Mabuchi S, Morishige KI, Kurachi H, Lengyel E, Kimura T. Exosomes Promote Ovarian Cancer Cell Invasion through Transfer of CD44 to Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 15:78-92. [PMID: 27758876 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells metastasize within the peritoneal cavity and directly encounter human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) as the initial step of metastasis. The contact between ovarian cancer cells and the single layer of mesothelial cells involves direct communications that modulate cancer progression but the mechanisms are unclear. One candidate mediating cell-cell communications is exosomes, 30-100 nm membrane vesicles of endocytic origin, through the cell-cell transfer of proteins, mRNAs, or microRNAs. Therefore, the goal was to mechanistically characterize how EOC-derived exosomes modulate metastasis. Exosomes from ovarian cancer cells were fluorescently labeled and cocultured with HPMCs which internalized the exosomes. Upon exosome uptake, HPMCs underwent a change in cellular morphology to a mesenchymal, spindle phenotype. CD44, a cell surface glycoprotein, was found to be enriched in the cancer cell-derived exosomes, transferred, and internalized to HPMCs, leading to high levels of CD44 in HPMCs. This increased CD44 expression in HPMCs promoted cancer invasion by inducing the HPMCs to secrete MMP9 and by cleaning the mesothelial barrier for improved cancer cell invasion. When CD44 expression was knocked down in cancer cells, exosomes had fewer effects on HPMCs. The inhibition of exosome release from cancer cells blocked CD44 internalization in HPMCs and suppressed ovarian cancer invasion. In ovarian cancer omental metastasis, positive CD44 expression was observed in those mesothelial cells that directly interacted with cancer cells, whereas CD44 expression was negative in the mesothelial cells remote from the invading edge. This study indicates that ovarian cancer-derived exosomes transfer CD44 to HPMCs, facilitating cancer invasion. IMPLICATIONS Mechanistic insight from the current study suggests that therapeutic targeting of exosomes may be beneficial in treating ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 15(1); 78-92. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Sawada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yasuto Kinose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aska Toda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erika Nakatsuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kae Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Mabuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichirou Morishige
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Kurachi
- Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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154
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Peart T, Ramos Valdes Y, Correa RJM, Fazio E, Bertrand M, McGee J, Préfontaine M, Sugimoto A, DiMattia GE, Shepherd TG. Intact LKB1 activity is required for survival of dormant ovarian cancer spheroids. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22424-38. [PMID: 26068970 PMCID: PMC4673173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells can form multicellular spheroids while in suspension and disperse directly throughout the peritoneum to seed secondary lesions. There is growing evidence that EOC spheroids are key mediators of metastasis, and they use specific intracellular signalling pathways to control cancer cell growth and metabolism for increased survival. Our laboratory discovered that AKT signalling is reduced during spheroid formation leading to cellular quiescence and autophagy, and these may be defining features of tumour cell dormancy. To further define the phenotype of EOC spheroids, we have initiated studies of the Liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway as a master controller of the metabolic stress response. We demonstrate that activity of AMPK and its upstream kinase LKB1 are increased in quiescent EOC spheroids as compared with proliferating adherent EOC cells. We also show elevated AMPK activity in spheroids isolated directly from patient ascites. Functional studies reveal that treatment with the AMP mimetic AICAR or allosteric AMPK activator A-769662 led to a cytostatic response in proliferative adherent ovarian cancer cells, but they fail to elicit an effect in spheroids. Targeted knockdown of STK11 by RNAi to reduce LKB1 expression led to reduced viability and increased sensitivity to carboplatin treatment in spheroids only, a phenomenon which was AMPK-independent. Thus, our results demonstrate a direct impact of altered LKB1-AMPK signalling function in EOC. In addition, this is the first evidence in cancer cells demonstrating a pro-survival function for LKB1, a kinase traditionally thought to act as a tumour suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Peart
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yudith Ramos Valdes
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rohann J M Correa
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Fazio
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monique Bertrand
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob McGee
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michel Préfontaine
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akira Sugimoto
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabriel E DiMattia
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor G Shepherd
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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155
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Roggiani F, Mezzanzanica D, Rea K, Tomassetti A. Guidance of Signaling Activations by Cadherins and Integrins in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091387. [PMID: 27563880 PMCID: PMC5037667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest tumor among gynecological cancer in the industrialized countries. The EOC incidence and mortality have remained unchanged over the last 30 years, despite the progress in diagnosis and treatment. In order to develop novel and more effective therapeutic approaches, the molecular mechanisms involved in EOC progression have been thoroughly investigated in the last few decades. At the late stage, peritoneal metastases originate from the attachment of small clusters of cancer cells that shed from the primary site and carried by the ascites adhere to the abdominal peritoneum or omentum. This behavior suggests that cell–cell or cell–matrix adhesion mechanisms regulate EOC growth and dissemination. Complex downstream signalings, which might be influenced by functional cross-talk between adhesion molecules and co-expressed and activated signaling proteins, can affect the proliferation/survival and the migration/invasion of EOC cells. This review aimed to define the impact of the mechanisms of cell–cell, through cadherins, and cell–extracellular matrix adhesion, through integrins, on the signaling cascades induced by membrane receptors and cytoplasmic proteins known to have a role in the proliferation, migration and invasion of EOC cells. Finally, some novel approaches using peptidomimetic ligands to cadherin and integrins are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Roggiani
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Katia Rea
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Antonella Tomassetti
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, Milan 20133, Italy.
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156
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Rea K, Pinciroli P, Sensi M, Alciato F, Bisaro B, Lozneanu L, Raspagliesi F, Centritto F, Cabodi S, Defilippi P, Avanzi GC, Canevari S, Tomassetti A. Novel Axl-driven signaling pathway and molecular signature characterize high-grade ovarian cancer patients with poor clinical outcome. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30859-75. [PMID: 26356564 PMCID: PMC4741573 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade epithelial ovarian cancer (HGEOC) is a clinically diverse and molecularly heterogeneous disease comprising subtypes with distinct biological features and outcomes. The receptor tyrosine kinases, expressed by EOC cells, and their ligands, present in the microenvironment, activate signaling pathways, which promote EOC cells dissemination. Herein, we established a molecular link between the presence of Gas6 ligand in the ascites of HGEOCs, the expression and activation of its receptor Axl in ovarian cancer cell lines and biopsies, and the progression of these tumors. We demonstrated that Gas6/Axl signalling converges on the integrin β3 pathway in the presence of the adaptor protein p130Cas, thus inducing tumor cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix and invasion. Accordingly, Axl and p130Cas were significantly co-expressed in HGEOC samples. Clinically, we identified an Axl-associated signature of 62 genes able to portray the HGEOCs with the shortest overall survival. These data biologically characterize a group of HGEOCs and could help guide a more effective therapeutic approach to be taken for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Rea
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pinciroli
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Sensi
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Alciato
- Department of Traslational Medicine, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Brigitte Bisaro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Ludmila Lozneanu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences, Histology, Morphopatology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iassy, Romania
| | - Francesco Raspagliesi
- Gynecology Oncology Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Floriana Centritto
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Cabodi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Avanzi
- Department of Traslational Medicine, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Tomassetti
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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157
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Gong C, Yang Z, Wu F, Han L, Liu Y, Gong W. miR-17 inhibits ovarian cancer cell peritoneal metastasis by targeting ITGA5 and ITGB1. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2177-83. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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158
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Pradeep P, Choonara YE, Kumar P, Pillay V. "On-The-Spot" Arresting of Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycans: Implications for Ovarian Adenocarcinoma Recognition and Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071136. [PMID: 27438831 PMCID: PMC4964509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian Cancer (OC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated death among women. The underlying biochemical cause of OC proliferation is usually attributed to the over-expression of Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycans (CSPGs) wherein the CS-E subgroup plays a major role in tumor cell proliferation by over-expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We hereby hypothesize that by targeting the OC extracellular matrix using a CS-E-specific antibody, GD3G7, we could provide spatial delivery of crosslinkers and anti-VEGF agents to firstly induce in vivo crosslinking and complexation (arresting) of CS-E into a “biogel mass” for efficient and effective detection, detachment and reduction of tumorous tissue, and secondly inhibit angiogenesis in OC. It is further proposed that the antibody-assisted targeted delivery of CS-E crosslinkers can bind to highly anionic CS-E to form a polyelectrolyte complex to inhibit the formation of ovarian tumor spheroids that are responsible for spheroid-induced mesothelial clearance and progression of OC. The hypothesis also describes the potential in vivo “On-The-Spot” CSPG crosslinkers such as sodium trimetaphosphate (physical crosslinker), 1,12-diaminododecane (chemical crosslinker), poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (synthetic polymer), and chitosan (natural polyelectrolyte-forming agent). In conclusion, this hypothesis proposes in vivo spatial crosslinking of CSPGs as a potential theranostic intervention strategy for OC—a first in the field of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Pradeep
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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159
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Iwanicki MP, Chen HY, Iavarone C, Zervantonakis IK, Muranen T, Novak M, Ince TA, Drapkin R, Brugge JS. Mutant p53 regulates ovarian cancer transformed phenotypes through autocrine matrix deposition. JCI Insight 2016; 1:86829. [PMID: 27482544 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGS-OvCa) harbors p53 mutations and can originate from the epithelial cell compartment of the fallopian tube fimbriae. From this site, neoplastic cells detach, survive in the peritoneal cavity, and form cellular clusters that intercalate into the mesothelium to form ovarian and peritoneal masses. To examine the contribution of mutant p53 to phenotypic alterations associated with HGS-OvCA, we developed live-cell microscopy assays that recapitulate these early events in cultured fallopian tube nonciliated epithelial (FNE) cells. Expression of stabilizing mutant variants of p53, but not depletion of endogenous wild-type p53, in FNE cells promoted survival and cell-cell aggregation under conditions of cell detachment, leading to the formation of cell clusters with mesothelium-intercalation capacity. Mutant p53R175H-induced phenotypes were dependent on fibronectin production, α5β1 fibronectin receptor engagement, and TWIST1 expression. These results indicate that FNE cells expressing stabilizing p53 mutants acquire anchorage independence and subsequent mesothelial intercalation capacity through a mechanism involving mesenchymal transition and matrix production. These findings provide important new insights into activities of mutant p53 in the cells of origin of HGS-OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin P Iwanicki
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hsing-Yu Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claudia Iavarone
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Taru Muranen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marián Novak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tan A Ince
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Basser Center for BRCA, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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160
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Yoshida T, Okuyama H, Nakayama M, Endo H, Tomita Y, Nonomura N, Nishimura K, Inoue M. Dynamic Change in p63 Protein Expression during Implantation of Urothelial Cancer Clusters. Neoplasia 2016; 17:574-85. [PMID: 26297435 PMCID: PMC4547408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the dissemination of urothelial cancer cells is supposed to be a major cause of the multicentricity of urothelial tumors, the mechanism of implantation has not been well investigated. Here, we found that cancer cell clusters from the urine of patients with urothelial cancer retain the ability to survive, grow, and adhere. By using cell lines and primary cells collected from multiple patients, we demonstrate that △ Np63α protein in cancer cell clusters was rapidly decreased through proteasomal degradation when clusters were attached to the matrix, leading to downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin. Decreased △ Np63α protein level in urothelial cancer cell clusters was involved in the clearance of the urothelium. Our data provide the first evidence that clusters of urothelial cancer cells exhibit dynamic changes in △ Np63α expression during attachment to the matrix, and decreased △ Np63α protein plays a critical role in the interaction between cancer cell clusters and the urothelium. Thus, because △ Np63α might be involved in the process of intraluminal dissemination of urothelial cancer cells, blocking the degradation of △ Np63α could be a target of therapy to prevent the dissemination of urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases; Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroaki Okuyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - Masashi Nakayama
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - Hiroko Endo
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - Yasuhiko Tomita
- Department of Pathology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazuo Nishimura
- Department of Urology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases; Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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161
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Rafehi S, Ramos Valdes Y, Bertrand M, McGee J, Préfontaine M, Sugimoto A, DiMattia GE, Shepherd TG. TGFβ signaling regulates epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in ovarian cancer ascites-derived spheroids. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:147-59. [PMID: 26647384 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) serves as a key mechanism driving tumor cell migration, invasion, and metastasis in many carcinomas. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling is implicated in several steps during cancer pathogenesis and acts as a classical inducer of EMT. Since epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells have the potential to switch between epithelial and mesenchymal states during metastasis, we predicted that modulation of TGFβ signaling would significantly impact EMT and the malignant potential of EOC spheroid cells. Ovarian cancer patient ascites-derived cells naturally underwent an EMT response when aggregating into spheroids, and this was reversed upon spheroid re-attachment to a substratum. CDH1/E-cadherin expression was markedly reduced in spheroids compared with adherent cells, in concert with an up-regulation of several transcriptional repressors, i.e., SNAI1/Snail, TWIST1/2, and ZEB2. Treatment of EOC spheroids with the TGFβ type I receptor inhibitor, SB-431542, potently blocked the endogenous activation of EMT in spheroids. Furthermore, treatment of spheroids with SB-431542 upon re-attachment enhanced the epithelial phenotype of dispersing cells and significantly decreased cell motility and Transwell migration. Spheroid formation was significantly compromised by exposure to SB-431542 that correlated with a reduction in cell viability particularly in combination with carboplatin treatment. Thus, our findings are the first to demonstrate that intact TGFβ signaling is required to control EMT in EOC ascites-derived cell spheroids, and it promotes the malignant characteristics of these structures. As such, we show the therapeutic potential for targeted inhibition of this pathway in ovarian cancer patients with late-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Rafehi
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yudith Ramos Valdes
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monique Bertrand
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University o
| | - Jacob McGee
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michel Préfontaine
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akira Sugimoto
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University o
| | - Gabriel E DiMattia
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University o
| | - Trevor G Shepherd
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Translational Ovarian Cancer Research ProgramLondon Regional Cancer Program, 790 Commissioners Road East, Room A4-836, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4L6Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of BiochemistrySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of OncologySchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University o
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162
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Peters PN, Schryver EM, Lengyel E, Kenny H. Modeling the Early Steps of Ovarian Cancer Dissemination in an Organotypic Culture of the Human Peritoneal Cavity. J Vis Exp 2015:e53541. [PMID: 26780294 DOI: 10.3791/53541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The pattern of ovarian cancer metastasis is markedly different from that of most other epithelial tumors, because it rarely spreads hematogenously. Instead, ovarian cancer cells exfoliated from the primary tumor are carried by peritoneal fluid to metastatic sites within the peritoneal cavity. These sites, most notably the abdominal peritoneum and omentum, are organs covered by a mesothelium-lined surface. To investigate the processes of ovarian cancer dissemination, we assembled a complex three-dimensional culture system that reconstructs the lining of the peritoneal cavity in vitro. Primary human fibroblasts and mesothelial cells were isolated from human omentum. The fibroblasts were then mixed with extracellular matrix and covered with a layer of the primary human mesothelial cells to mimic the peritoneal and omental surfaces encountered by metastasizing ovarian cancer cells. The resulting organotypic model is, as shown, used to examine the early steps of ovarian cancer dissemination, including cancer cell adhesion, invasion, and proliferation. This model has been used in a number of studies to investigate the role of the microenvironment (cellular and acellular) in early ovarian cancer dissemination. It has also been successfully adapted to high throughput screening and used to identify and test inhibitors of ovarian cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela N Peters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago
| | - Elizabeth M Schryver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago
| | - Hilary Kenny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago;
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163
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Bowtell DD, Böhm S, Ahmed AA, Aspuria PJ, Bast RC, Beral V, Berek JS, Birrer MJ, Blagden S, Bookman MA, Brenton JD, Chiappinelli KB, Martins FC, Coukos G, Drapkin R, Edmondson R, Fotopoulou C, Gabra H, Galon J, Gourley C, Heong V, Huntsman DG, Iwanicki M, Karlan BY, Kaye A, Lengyel E, Levine DA, Lu KH, McNeish IA, Menon U, Narod SA, Nelson BH, Nephew KP, Pharoah P, Powell DJ, Ramos P, Romero IL, Scott CL, Sood AK, Stronach EA, Balkwill FR. Rethinking ovarian cancer II: reducing mortality from high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2015; 15:668-79. [PMID: 26493647 PMCID: PMC4892184 DOI: 10.1038/nrc4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 783] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) accounts for 70-80% of ovarian cancer deaths, and overall survival has not changed significantly for several decades. In this Opinion article, we outline a set of research priorities that we believe will reduce incidence and improve outcomes for women with this disease. This 'roadmap' for HGSOC was determined after extensive discussions at an Ovarian Cancer Action meeting in January 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Bowtell
- Cancer Genomics and Genetics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia; and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, 2010 New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steffen Böhm
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Ahmed A Ahmed
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Paul-Joseph Aspuria
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Robert C Bast
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030-4009, USA
| | - Valerie Beral
- University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah Blagden
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | | | - Filipe Correia Martins
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - George Coukos
- University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - Christina Fotopoulou
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jérôme Galon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS1138, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Cordeliers Research Center, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Charlie Gourley
- Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Valerie Heong
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David G Huntsman
- University of British Columbia, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | | | - Beth Y Karlan
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas A Levine
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030-4009, USA
| | | | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1N8, Canada
| | - Brad H Nelson
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Kenneth P Nephew
- Indiana University School of Medicine &Simon Cancer Center, Bloomington, IN 47405-4401, USA
| | - Paul Pharoah
- University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Daniel J Powell
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5156, USA
| | - Pilar Ramos
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (Tgen), Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | | | - Clare L Scott
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anil K Sood
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030-4009, USA
| | - Euan A Stronach
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Frances R Balkwill
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M6BQ, UK
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164
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Rethinking ovarian cancer II: reducing mortality from high-grade serous ovarian cancer. NATURE REVIEWS. CANCER 2015. [PMID: 26493647 DOI: 10.1038/nrc4019]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) accounts for 70-80% of ovarian cancer deaths, and overall survival has not changed significantly for several decades. In this Opinion article, we outline a set of research priorities that we believe will reduce incidence and improve outcomes for women with this disease. This 'roadmap' for HGSOC was determined after extensive discussions at an Ovarian Cancer Action meeting in January 2015.
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165
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Bowtell DD, Böhm S, Ahmed AA, Aspuria PJ, Bast RC, Beral V, Berek JS, Birrer MJ, Blagden S, Bookman MA, Brenton JD, Chiappinelli KB, Martins FC, Coukos G, Drapkin R, Edmondson R, Fotopoulou C, Gabra H, Galon J, Gourley C, Heong V, Huntsman DG, Iwanicki M, Karlan BY, Kaye A, Lengyel E, Levine DA, Lu KH, McNeish IA, Menon U, Narod SA, Nelson BH, Nephew KP, Pharoah P, Powell DJ, Ramos P, Romero IL, Scott CL, Sood AK, Stronach EA, Balkwill FR. Rethinking ovarian cancer II: reducing mortality from high-grade serous ovarian cancer. NATURE REVIEWS. CANCER 2015. [PMID: 26493647 DOI: 10.1038/nrc4019] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) accounts for 70-80% of ovarian cancer deaths, and overall survival has not changed significantly for several decades. In this Opinion article, we outline a set of research priorities that we believe will reduce incidence and improve outcomes for women with this disease. This 'roadmap' for HGSOC was determined after extensive discussions at an Ovarian Cancer Action meeting in January 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Bowtell
- Cancer Genomics and Genetics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia; and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, 2010 New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steffen Böhm
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M6BQ, UK
| | - Ahmed A Ahmed
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Paul-Joseph Aspuria
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Robert C Bast
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030-4009, USA
| | - Valerie Beral
- University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah Blagden
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | | | - Filipe Correia Martins
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - George Coukos
- University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - Christina Fotopoulou
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hani Gabra
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jérôme Galon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS1138, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Cordeliers Research Center, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Charlie Gourley
- Cancer Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Valerie Heong
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David G Huntsman
- University of British Columbia, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | | | - Beth Y Karlan
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas A Levine
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030-4009, USA
| | | | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1N8, Canada
| | - Brad H Nelson
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Kenneth P Nephew
- Indiana University School of Medicine &Simon Cancer Center, Bloomington, IN 47405-4401, USA
| | - Paul Pharoah
- University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Daniel J Powell
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5156, USA
| | - Pilar Ramos
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (Tgen), Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | | | - Clare L Scott
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anil K Sood
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030-4009, USA
| | - Euan A Stronach
- Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Frances R Balkwill
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M6BQ, UK
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The Mesothelial Origin of Carcinoma Associated-Fibroblasts in Peritoneal Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1994-2011. [PMID: 26426054 PMCID: PMC4695872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are complex and unstructured organs that, in addition to cancer cells, also contain other cell types. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent an important population in the tumor microenviroment and participate in several stages of tumor progression, including cancer cell migration/invasion and metastasis. During peritoneal metastasis, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, such as ovarian or gastrointestinal, disseminate through the peritoneal fluid and colonize the peritoneum. Tumor cells metastasize by attaching to and invading through the mesothelial cell (MC) monolayer that lines the peritoneal cavity, then colonizing the submesothelial compact zone where CAFs accumulate. CAFs may derive from different sources depending on the surrounding metastatic niche. In peritoneal metastasis, a sizeable subpopulation of CAFs originates from MCs through a mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), which promotes adhesion, invasion, vascularization and subsequent tumor growth. The bidirectional communication between cancer cells and MC-derived CAFs via secretion of a wide range of cytokines, growth factors and extracellular matrix components seems to be crucial for the establishment and progression of the metastasis in the peritoneum. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of novel advances in understanding how peritoneal CAFs provide cancer cells with a supportive microenvironment, as well as the development of future therapeutic approaches by interfering with the MMT in the peritoneum.
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167
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Arauchi A, Yang CH, Cho S, Jarboe EA, Peterson CM, Bae YH, Okano T, Janát-Amsbury MM. An immunocompetent, orthotopic mouse model of epithelial ovarian cancer utilizing tissue engineered tumor cell sheets. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:23-34. [PMID: 24745555 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of a myriad of anticancer drugs that appeared promising in preclinical ovarian cancer animal models, they failed to predict efficacy in clinical testing. To improve the accuracy of preclinical testing of efficacy and toxicity, including pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations, a novel animal model was developed and characterized. In this study, murine ID8 (epithelial ovarian cancer [EOC]) cells as injected cell suspensions (ICS) and as intact cultured monolayer cell sheets (CS) were injected or surgically grafted, respectively, into the left ovarian bursa of 6-8 week-old, female C57BL/6 black mice and evaluated at 8 and 12 weeks after engraftment. Tumor volumes at 8 weeks were as follows: 30.712 ± 18.800 mm(3) versus 55.837 ± 10.711 mm(3) for ICS and CS, respectively, p = 0.0990 (n = 5). At 12 weeks, tumor volumes were 128.129 ± 44.018 mm(3) versus 283.953 ± 71.676 mm(3) for ICS and CS, respectively, p = 0.0112 (n = 5). The ovarian weights at 8 and 12 weeks were 0.02138 ± 0.01038 g versus 0.04954 ± 0.00667 g for ICS and CS, respectively (8 weeks), p = 0.00602 (n = 5); and 0.10594 ± 0.03043 g versus 0.39264 ± 0.09271 g for ICS and CS, respectively (12 weeks), p = 0.0008 (n = 5). These results confirm a significant accelerated tumorigenesis in CS-derived tumors compared with ICS-derived tumors when measured by tumor volume/time and ovarian weight/time. Furthermore, the CS-derived tumors closely replicated the metastatic spread found in human EOC and histopathological identity with the primary tumor of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Arauchi
- 1 Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo, Japan
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168
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El-Senduny FF, Badria FA, EL-Waseef AM, Chauhan SC, Halaweish F. Approach for chemosensitization of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer by cucurbitacin B. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:685-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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169
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Ip CKM, Yung S, Chan TM, Tsao SW, Wong AST. p70 S6 kinase drives ovarian cancer metastasis through multicellular spheroid-peritoneum interaction and P-cadherin/b1 integrin signaling activation. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9133-49. [PMID: 25193855 PMCID: PMC4253424 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination as a manifestation of ovarian cancer is an adverse prognostic factor associated with poor clinical outcome, and is thus a potentially promising target for improved treatment. Sphere forming cells (multicellular spheroids) present in malignant ascites of patients with ovarian cancer represent a major impediment to effective treatment. p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), which is a downstream effector of mammalian target of rapamycin, is frequently hyperactivated in human ovarian cancer. Here, we identified p70S6K as an important regulator for the seeding and successful colonization of ovarian cancer spheroids on the peritoneum. Furthermore, we provided evidence for the existence of a novel crosstalk between P-cadherin and β1 integrin, which was crucial for the high degree of specificity in cell adhesion. In particular, we demonstrated that the upregulation of mature β1 integrin occurred as a consequence of P-cadherin expression through the induction of the Golgi glycosyltransferase, ST6Gal-I, which mediated β1 integrin hypersialylation. Loss of p70S6K or targeting the P-cadherin/β1-integrin interplay could significantly attenuate the metastatic spread onto the peritoneum in vivo. These findings establish a new role for p70S6K in tumor spheroid-mesothelium communication in ovarian cancer and provide a preclinical rationale for targeting p70S6K as a new avenue for microenvironment-based therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carman Ka Man Ip
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
| | - Tak-Mao Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
| | - Sai-Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
| | - Alice Sze Tsai Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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170
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Rubtsova SN, Zhitnyak IY, Gloushankova NA. A Novel Role of E-Cadherin-Based Adherens Junctions in Neoplastic Cell Dissemination. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133578. [PMID: 26207916 PMCID: PMC4514802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using confocal microscopy, we analyzed the behavior of IAR-6-1, IAR1170, and IAR1162 transformed epithelial cells seeded onto the confluent monolayer of normal IAR-2 epithelial cells. Live-cell imaging of neoplastic cells stably expressing EGFP and of normal epithelial cells stably expressing mKate2 showed that transformed cells retaining expression of E-cadherin were able to migrate over the IAR-2 epithelial monolayer and invade the monolayer. Transformed IAR cells invaded the IAR-2 monolayer at the boundaries between normal cells. Studying interactions of IAR-6-1 transformed cells stably expressing GFP-E-cadherin with the IAR-2 epithelial monolayer, we found that IAR-6-1 cells established E-cadherin-based adhesions with normal epithelial cells: dot-like dynamic E-cadherin-based adhesions in protrusions and large adherens junctions at the cell sides and rear. A comparative study of a panel of transformed IAR cells that differ by their ability to form E-cadherin-based AJs, either through loss of E-cadherin expression or through expression of a dominant negative E-cadherin mutant, demonstrated that E-cadherin-based AJs are key mediators of the interactions between neoplastic and normal epithelial cells. IAR-6-1DNE cells expressing a dominant-negative mutant form of E-cadherin with the mutation in the first extracellular domain practically lost the ability to adhere to IAR-2 cells and invade the IAR-2 epithelial monolayer. The ability of cancer cells to form E-cadherin-based AJs with the surrounding normal epithelial cells may play an important role in driving cancer cell dissemination in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N. Rubtsova
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Y. Zhitnyak
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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171
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Bochner F, Fellus-Alyagor L, Kalchenko V, Shinar S, Neeman M. A Novel Intravital Imaging Window for Longitudinal Microscopy of the Mouse Ovary. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26207832 PMCID: PMC4513547 DOI: 10.1038/srep12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovary is a dynamic organ that undergoes dramatic remodeling throughout the ovulatory cycle. Maturation of the ovarian follicle, release of the oocyte in the course of ovulation as well as formation and degradation of corpus luteum involve tightly controlled remodeling of the extracellular matrix and vasculature. Ovarian tumors, regardless of their tissue of origin, dynamically interact with the ovarian microenvironment. Their activity in the tissue encompasses recruitment of host stroma and immune cells, attachment of tumor cells to mesothelial layer, degradation of the extracellular matrix and tumor cell migration. High-resolution dynamic imaging of such processes is particularly challenging for internal organs. The implementation of a novel imaging window as reported here enabled longitudinal microscopy of ovarian physiology and orthotopic tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Bochner
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Liat Fellus-Alyagor
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | | | - Shiri Shinar
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 Israel
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172
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The homeoprotein DLX4 stimulates NF-κB activation and CD44-mediated tumor-mesothelial cell interactions in ovarian cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2298-308. [PMID: 26067154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancers often highly express inflammatory cytokines and form implants throughout the peritoneal cavity. However, the mechanisms that drive inflammatory signaling and peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer are poorly understood. We previously identified that high expression of DLX4, a transcription factor encoded by a homeobox gene, is associated with reduced survival of ovarian cancer patients. In this study, we identified that DLX4 stimulates attachment of ovarian tumor cells to peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro and increases the numbers of peritoneal implants in xenograft models. DLX4 induced expression of the cell surface molecule CD44 in ovarian tumor cells, and inhibition of CD44 abrogated the ability of DLX4 to stimulate tumor-mesothelial cell interactions. The induction of CD44 by DLX4 was attributed to increased activity of NF-κB that was stimulated by the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, a transcriptional target of DLX4. The stimulatory effects of DLX4 on CD44 levels and tumor-mesothelial cell interactions were abrogated when IL-1β or NF-κB was inhibited in tumor cells. Furthermore, DLX4 expression levels strongly correlated with NF-κB activation and disease stage in clinical specimens of ovarian cancer. Collectively, these findings indicate that DLX4 induces CD44 by stimulating IL-1β-mediated NF-κB activity, thereby promoting peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer.
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173
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Musrap N, Tuccitto A, Karagiannis GS, Saraon P, Batruch I, Diamandis EP. Comparative Proteomics of Ovarian Cancer Aggregate Formation Reveals an Increased Expression of Calcium-activated Chloride Channel Regulator 1 (CLCA1). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17218-27. [PMID: 26004777 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.639773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecological disease that is characterized by peritoneal metastasis and increased resistance to conventional chemotherapies. This increased resistance and the ability to spread is often attributed to the formation of multicellular aggregates or spheroids in the peritoneal cavity, which seed abdominal surfaces and organs. Given that the presence of metastatic implants is a predictor of poor survival, a better understanding of how spheroids form is critical to improving patient outcome, and may result in the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Thus, we attempted to gain insight into the proteomic changes that occur during anchorage-independent cancer cell aggregation. As such, an ovarian cancer cell line, OV-90, was cultured in adherent and non-adherent conditions using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Anchorage-dependent cells (OV-90AD) were grown in tissue culture flasks, whereas anchorage-independent cells (OV-90AI) were grown in suspension using the hanging-drop method. Cellular proteins from both conditions were then identified using LC-MS/MS, which resulted in the quantification of 1533 proteins. Of these, 13 and 6 proteins were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, in aggregate-forming cells compared with cells grown as monolayers. Relative gene expression and protein expression of candidates were examined in other cell line models of aggregate formation (TOV-112D and ES-2), which revealed an increased expression of calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1 (CLCA1). Moreover, inhibitor and siRNA transfection studies demonstrated an apparent effect of CLCA1 on cancer cell aggregation. Further elucidation of the role of CLCA1 in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Musrap
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3L9, and
| | - Alessandra Tuccitto
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3L9, and
| | - George S Karagiannis
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3L9, and
| | - Punit Saraon
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3L9, and
| | - Ihor Batruch
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3L9, and
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3L9, and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
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174
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Alterations in ovarian cancer cell adhesion drive taxol resistance by increasing microtubule dynamics in a FAK-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9529. [PMID: 25886093 PMCID: PMC4400875 DOI: 10.1038/srep09529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemorefractory ovarian cancer patients show extremely poor prognosis. Microtubule-stabilizing Taxol (paclitaxel) is a first-line treatment against ovarian cancer. Despite the close interplay between microtubules and cell adhesion, it remains unknown if chemoresistance alters the way cells adhere to their extracellular environment, a process critical for cancer metastasis. To investigate this, we isolated Taxol-resistant populations of OVCAR3 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines. Though Taxol-resistant cells neither effluxed more drug nor gained resistance to other chemotherapeutics, they did display increased microtubule dynamics. These changes in microtubule dynamics coincided with faster attachment rates and decreased adhesion strength, which correlated with increased surface β1-integrin expression and decreased focal adhesion formation, respectively. Adhesion strength correlated best with Taxol-sensitivity, and was found to be independent of microtubule polymerization but dependent on focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which was up-regulated in Taxol-resistant cells. FAK inhibition also decreased microtubule dynamics to equal levels in both populations, indicating alterations in adhesive signaling are up-stream of microtubule dynamics. Taken together, this work demonstrates that Taxol-resistance dramatically alters how ovarian cancer cells adhere to their extracellular environment causing down-stream increases in microtubule dynamics, providing a therapeutic target that may improve prognosis by not only recovering drug sensitivity, but also decreasing metastasis.
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175
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Entosis allows timely elimination of the luminal epithelial barrier for embryo implantation. Cell Rep 2015; 11:358-65. [PMID: 25865893 PMCID: PMC5089169 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During implantation, uterine luminal epithelial (LE) cells first interact with the blastocyst trophectoderm. Within 30 hr after the initiation of attachment, LE cells surrounding the blastocyst in the implantation chamber (crypt) disappear, allowing trophoblast cells to make direct physical contact with the underneath stroma for successful implantation. The mechanism for the extraction of LE cells was thought to be mediated by apoptosis. Here, we show that LE cells in direct contact with the blastocyst are endocytosed by trophoblast cells by adopting the nonapoptotic cell-in-cell invasion process (entosis) in the absence of caspase 3 activation. Our in vivo observations were reinforced by the results of co-culture experiments with primary uterine epithelial cells with trophoblast stem cells or blastocysts showing internalization of epithelial cells by trophoblasts. We have identified entosis as a mechanism to remove LE cells by trophoblast cells in implantation, conferring a role for entosis in an important physiological process.
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176
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Sun J, Xiao Y, Wang S, Slepian MJ, Wong PK. Advances in Techniques for Probing Mechanoregulation of Tissue Morphogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:127-37. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068214554802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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177
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Mitra AK, Chiang CY, Tiwari P, Tomar S, Watters KM, Peter ME, Lengyel E. Microenvironment-induced downregulation of miR-193b drives ovarian cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2015; 34:5923-32. [PMID: 25798837 PMCID: PMC4580483 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cross-talk between ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells and the metastatic microenvironment is an essential determinant of successful colonization. Micro(mi)RNAs play several critical roles during metastasis; however, the role of microenvironmental cues in the regulation of miRNAs in metastasizing cancer cells has not been studied. Using a 3D culture model that mimics the human omentum, one of the principal sites of OvCa metastasis, we identified and characterized the microenvironment-induced downregulation of a tumor suppressor miRNA, miR-193b, in metastasizing OvCa cells. The direct interaction of the OvCa cells with mesothelial cells, which cover the surface of the omentum, caused a DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) mediated decrease in the expression of miR-193b. The reduction in miR-193b enabled the metastasizing cancer cells to invade and proliferate into human omental pieces ex vivo and into the omentum of a mouse xenograft model of OvCa metastasis. The functional effects of miR-193b were mediated, in large part, by the concomitant increased expression of its target, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), a known tumor-associated protease. These findings link paracrine signals from the microenvironment with the regulation of a key miRNA that is essential for the initial steps of OvCa metastatic colonization. Targeting miR-193b could prove effective in the treatment of OvCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mitra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology - Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - C Y Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology - Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P Tiwari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology - Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Tomar
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - K M Watters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology - Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M E Peter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology - Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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178
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White EA, Kenny HA, Lengyel E. Three-dimensional modeling of ovarian cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:184-92. [PMID: 25034878 PMCID: PMC4426864 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
New models for epithelial ovarian cancer initiation and metastasis are required to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the disease and to develop new therapeutics. Modeling ovarian cancer however is challenging as a result of the genetic heterogeneity of the malignancy, the diverse pathology, the limited availability of human tissue for research, the atypical mechanisms of metastasis, and because the origin is unclear. Insights into the origin of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas and mechanisms of metastasis have resulted in the generation of novel three-dimensional (3D) culture models that better approximate the behavior of the tumor cells in vivo than prior two-dimensional models. The 3D models aim to recapitulate the tumor microenvironment, which has a critical role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Ultimately, findings using models that accurately reflect human ovarian cancer biology are likely to translate into improved clinical outcomes. In this review we discuss the design of new 3D culture models of ovarian cancer primarily using human cells, key studies in which these models have been applied, current limitations, and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A White
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hilary A Kenny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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179
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Engineered microenvironments provide new insights into ovarian and prostate cancer progression and drug responses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:193-213. [PMID: 24969478 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering technologies, which have originally been designed to reconstitute damaged tissue structure and function, can mimic not only tissue regeneration processes but also cancer development and progression. Bioengineered approaches allow cell biologists to develop sophisticated experimentally and physiologically relevant cancer models to recapitulate the complexity of the disease seen in patients. Tissue engineering tools enable three-dimensionality based on the design of biomaterials and scaffolds that re-create the geometry, chemistry, function and signalling milieu of the native tumour microenvironment. Three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments, including cell-derived matrices, biomaterial-based cell culture models and integrated co-cultures with engineered stromal components, are powerful tools to study dynamic processes like proteolytic functions associated with cancer progression, metastasis and resistance to therapeutics. In this review, we discuss how biomimetic strategies can reproduce a humanised niche for human cancer cells, such as peritoneal or bone-like microenvironments, addressing specific aspects of ovarian and prostate cancer progression and therapy response.
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180
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Ng MR, Besser A, Brugge JS, Danuser G. Mapping the dynamics of force transduction at cell-cell junctions of epithelial clusters. eLife 2014; 3:e03282. [PMID: 25479385 PMCID: PMC4300730 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Force transduction at cell-cell adhesions regulates tissue development, maintenance and adaptation. We developed computational and experimental approaches to quantify, with both sub-cellular and multi-cellular resolution, the dynamics of force transmission in cell clusters. Applying this technology to spontaneously-forming adherent epithelial cell clusters, we found that basal force fluctuations were coupled to E-cadherin localization at the level of individual cell-cell junctions. At the multi-cellular scale, cell-cell force exchange depended on the cell position within a cluster, and was adaptive to reconfigurations due to cell divisions or positional rearrangements. Importantly, force transmission through a cell required coordinated modulation of cell-matrix adhesion and actomyosin contractility in the cell and its neighbors. These data provide insights into mechanisms that could control mechanical stress homeostasis in dynamic epithelial tissues, and highlight our methods as a resource for the study of mechanotransduction in cell-cell adhesions. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03282.001 The intestines, liver, and skin are all examples of organs that perform specific functions. Organs are comprised of tissues, which are themselves made up of cells. Epithelial tissue is one of the four basic types of tissue found in animals, and it occurs in almost every organ in the body. For example, epithelial tissue makes up the outermost layer of the skin, and the lining of the lungs and the intestines; the cells in epithelial tissues are attached to one another via ‘adhesion molecules’. Organs and tissues need to be maintained throughout life in order for them to work properly. Epithelial cells in particular are very short-lived and must be constantly replaced. If epithelial tissue is cut or damaged in any way, the surrounding healthy epithelial cells must work together to repair the wound and restore the tissue's integrity. These processes require individual epithelial cells to communicate with one another. While chemical signals provide one means of cell-to-cell communication, cells also sense and respond to the physical presence of surrounding cells. In adults, organs and tissues generally do not change shape or size; as such there is a tightly balanced exchange of mechanical forces between the individual cells. Damage to the tissue causes a detectable change in these mechanical forces, which is sensed by nearby healthy epithelial cells and causes them to work towards healing the wound. While the importance of mechanical forces in maintaining tissue integrity is widely recognized, there were few tools to study these forces; this meant that mechanical communication through cell–cell adhesion sites was not well understood. Now Ng, Besser et al. describe the development and use of a new method for measuring and mapping the exchange of mechanical forces at cell–cell adhesion sites. Changes in the strength of the forces exchanged between cells could be measured across clusters of multiple cells or for specific parts of individual cells. Ng, Besser et al. found that when an epithelial cell in a cluster started to divide to form two new cells, the cell exerted less mechanical force on its neighboring cells. Ng, Besser et al. found that the forces exerted between cells were strongest when there was more of an adhesion molecule called E-cadherin in the cell surface membrane at the cell–cell adhesion sites. The opposite was also true, as these forces were weakest at cell–cell adhesion sites with fewer E-cadherin molecules. The new method and findings will now help to guide future studies into how mechanical forces are transmitted between living cells. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03282.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Rosa Ng
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Achim Besser
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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Interactions of human peritoneal mesothelial cells with serous ovarian cancer cell spheroids--evidence for a mechanical and paracrine barrier function of the peritoneal mesothelium. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2014; 24:192-200. [PMID: 24407573 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinoma spreads by implantation of tumor cells onto the peritoneal mesothelium. We established a 3-dimensional coculture model to simulate the interactions of ovarian carcinoma cell aggregates with human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC). METHODS Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) of the human ovarian cancer cell line SK-OV-3 were directly inoculated onto either confluent HPMC monolayers or their submesothelial matrix or were cocultured with mesothelium without direct cellular contact. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Inoculation of MCTS onto submesothelial matrix resulted in rapid attachment (within 30 minutes) of the tumor cell aggregates followed by rapid dissemination (within 12 hours) and growth of tumor cells. Intact mesothelium increased the time required for MCTS attachment (up to 180 minutes) and led to almost complete inhibition of tumor cell dissemination and to 47% tumor growth suppression. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into tumor cell nuclei was almost completely abolished in cocultured MCTS. Growth also was inhibited in MCTS treated with supernatants of HPMC. Analysis of coculture supernatants revealed that HPMC-derived transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) was almost completely bound by MCTS. Addition of a function-blocking anti-TGF-β antibody (30 μg/mL) to the cocultures abrogated the growth inhibitory effect of the mesothelium by 50%. CONCLUSIONS The present model provides a dynamic system to study the complex interactions of ovarian carcinoma cells with HPMC over extended periods and suggests that the mesothelium constitutes a mechanical and partly TGF-β-mediated paracrine barrier to the progression of ovarian cancer.
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182
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Touboul C, Vidal F, Pasquier J, Lis R, Rafii A. Role of mesenchymal cells in the natural history of ovarian cancer: a review. J Transl Med 2014; 12:271. [PMID: 25303976 PMCID: PMC4197295 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynaecologic malignancy. Despite progresses in chemotherapy and ultra-radical surgeries, this locally metastatic disease presents a high rate of local recurrence advocating for the role of a peritoneal niche. For several years, it was believed that tumor initiation, progression and metastasis were merely due to the changes in the neoplastic cell population and the adjacent non-neoplastic tissues were regarded as bystanders. The importance of the tumor microenvironment and its cellular component emerged from studies on the histopathological sequence of changes at the interface between putative tumor cells and the surrounding non-neoplastic tissues during carcinogenesis. Method In this review we aimed to describe the pro-tumoral crosstalk between ovarian cancer and mesenchymal stem cells. A PubMed search was performed for articles published pertaining to mesenchymal stem cells and specific to ovarian cancer. Results Mesenchymal stem cells participate to an elaborate crosstalk through direct and paracrine interaction with ovarian cancer cells. They play a role at different stages of the disease: survival and peritoneal infiltration at early stage, proliferation in distant sites, chemoresistance and recurrence at later stage. Conclusion The dialogue between ovarian and mesenchymal stem cells induces the constitution of a pro-tumoral mesencrine niche. Understanding the dynamics of such interaction in a clinical setting might propose new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Touboul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Intercommunal de Créteil, Université Paris Est, UPEC-Paris XII, 12 avenue de Verdun, 94000, Créteil, France. .,UMR INSERM U965: Angiogenèse et Recherche translationnelle Hôpital Lariboisière, 49 bd de la chapelle, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Fabien Vidal
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar. .,Department Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Manhattan, NY, USA. .,Department of Genetic Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar-Foundation PO: 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Jennifer Pasquier
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar. .,Department Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Manhattan, NY, USA.
| | - Raphael Lis
- Department Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Manhattan, NY, USA.
| | - Arash Rafii
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar. .,Department Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Manhattan, NY, USA.
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183
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Mikuła-Pietrasik J, Sosińska P, Kucińska M, Murias M, Maksin K, Malińska A, Ziółkowska A, Piotrowska H, Woźniak A, Książek K. Peritoneal mesothelium promotes the progression of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in a mice xenograft model in vivo. Cancer Lett 2014; 355:310-5. [PMID: 25301450 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The role of mesothelial cells in the intraperitoneal spread of ovarian cancer is still elusive. In particular, it is unclear whether these cells constitute a passive barrier preventing cancer cell progression or perhaps act as an active promoter of this process. In this report we show that omental human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) stimulate adhesion and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells (A2780, OVCAR-3, SKOV-3). The latter was associated with the paracrine activity of GRO-1, IL-6, and IL-8 released to the environment by HPMCs. Furthermore, the growth dynamics of ovarian cancer xenografts produced in response to i.p. injection of ovarian cancer cells together with HPMCs was remarkably greater than for implantation of cancer cells alone. A layer of peritoneal mesothelium was consistently present in close proximity to the tumor mass in every xenograft model. In conclusion, our results indicate that HPMCs play a supporting role in the intraperitoneal invasiveness of ovarian malignancy, whose effect may be attributed to their ability to stimulate adhesion and proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mikuła-Pietrasik
- Laboratory of Gerontology, Department of Pathophysiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8 Str., 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Patrycja Sosińska
- Laboratory of Gerontology, Department of Pathophysiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8 Str., 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kucińska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 Str., 60-631 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Murias
- Department of Toxicology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 Str., 60-631 Poznań, Poland
| | - Konstantin Maksin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49 Str., 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Malińska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Str, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ziółkowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6 Str, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hanna Piotrowska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 Str., 60-631 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aldona Woźniak
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49 Str., 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Książek
- Laboratory of Gerontology, Department of Pathophysiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8 Str., 60-806 Poznań, Poland.
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Hamilla SM, Stroka KM, Aranda-Espinoza H. VE-cadherin-independent cancer cell incorporation into the vascular endothelium precedes transmigration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109748. [PMID: 25275457 PMCID: PMC4183660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is accountable for 90% of cancer deaths. During metastasis, tumor cells break away from the primary tumor, enter the blood and the lymph vessels, and use them as highways to travel to distant sites in the body to form secondary tumors. Cancer cell migration through the endothelium and into the basement membrane represents a critical step in the metastatic cascade, yet it is not well understood. This process is well characterized for immune cells that routinely transmigrate through the endothelium to sites of infection, inflammation, or injury. Previous studies with leukocytes have demonstrated that this step depends heavily on the activation status of the endothelium and subendothelial substrate stiffness. Here, we used a previously established in vitro model of the endothelium and live cell imaging, in order to observe cancer cell transmigration and compare this process to leukocytes. Interestingly, cancer cell transmigration includes an additional step, which we term ‘incorporation’, into the endothelial cell (EC) monolayer. During this phase, cancer cells physically displace ECs, leading to the dislocation of EC VE-cadherin away from EC junctions bordering cancer cells, and spread into the monolayer. In some cases, ECs completely detach from the matrix. Furthermore, cancer cell incorporation occurs independently of the activation status and the subendothelial substrate stiffness for breast cancer and melanoma cells, a notable difference from the process by which leukocytes transmigrate. Meanwhile, pancreatic cancer cell incorporation was dependent on the activation status of the endothelium and changed on very stiff subendothelial substrates. Collectively, our results provide mechanistic insights into tumor cell extravasation and demonstrate that incorporation is one of the earliest steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Hamilla
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kimberly M. Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Helim Aranda-Espinoza
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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185
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Casagrande N, Celegato M, Borghese C, Mongiat M, Colombatti A, Aldinucci D. Preclinical activity of the liposomal cisplatin lipoplatin in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5496-506. [PMID: 25231401 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cisplatin and its platinum derivatives are first-line chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of ovarian cancer; however, treatment is associated with tumor resistance and significant toxicity. Here we investigated the antitumoral activity of lipoplatin, one of the most promising liposomal platinum drug formulations under clinical investigation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro effects of lipoplatin were tested on a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines, sensitive and resistant to cisplatin, using both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D cell models. We evaluated in vivo the lipoplatin anticancer activity using tumor xenografts. RESULTS Lipoplatin exhibited a potent antitumoral activity in all ovarian cancer cell lines tested, induced apoptosis, and activated caspase-9, -8, and -3, downregulating Bcl-2 and upregulating Bax. Lipoplatin inhibited thioredoxin reductase enzymatic activity and increased reactive oxygen species accumulation and reduced EGF receptor (EGFR) expression and inhibited cell invasion. Lipoplatin demonstrated a synergistic effect when used in combination with doxorubicin, widely used in relapsed ovarian cancer treatment, and with the albumin-bound paclitaxel, Abraxane. Lipoplatin decreased both ALDH and CD133 expression, markers of ovarian cancer stem cells. Multicellular aggregates/spheroids are present in ascites of patients and most contribute to the spreading to secondary sites. Lipoplatin decreased spheroids growth, vitality, and cell migration out of preformed spheroids. Finally, lipoplatin inhibited more than 90% tumor xenograft growth with minimal systemic toxicity, and after the treatment suspension, no tumor progression was observed. CONCLUSION These preclinical data suggest that lipoplatin has potential for clinical assessment in aggressive cisplatin-resistant patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naike Casagrande
- Experimental Oncology 2, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marta Celegato
- Experimental Oncology 2, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Borghese
- Experimental Oncology 2, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mongiat
- Experimental Oncology 2, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alfonso Colombatti
- Experimental Oncology 2, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy. Department of Medical and Biological Science Technology and MATI (Microgravity Ageing Training Immobility) Excellence Center, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Donatella Aldinucci
- Experimental Oncology 2, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.
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Kenny HA, Chiang CY, White EA, Schryver EM, Habis M, Romero IL, Ladanyi A, Penicka CV, George J, Matlin K, Montag A, Wroblewski K, Yamada SD, Mazar AP, Bowtell D, Lengyel E. Mesothelial cells promote early ovarian cancer metastasis through fibronectin secretion. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4614-28. [PMID: 25202979 DOI: 10.1172/jci74778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) metastasizes to organs in the abdominal cavity, such as the omentum, which are covered by a single layer of mesothelial cells. Mesothelial cells are generally thought to be "bystanders" to the metastatic process and simply displaced by OvCa cells to access the submesothelial extracellular matrix. Here, using organotypic 3D cultures, we found that primary human mesothelial cells secrete fibronectin in the presence of OvCa cells. Moreover, we evaluated the tumor stroma of 108 human omental metastases and determined that fibronectin was consistently overexpressed in these patients. Blocking fibronectin production in primary mesothelial cells in vitro or in murine models, either genetically (fibronectin 1 floxed mouse model) or via siRNA, decreased adhesion, invasion, proliferation, and metastasis of OvCa cells. Using a coculture model, we determined that OvCa cells secrete TGF-β1, which in turn activates a TGF-β receptor/RAC1/SMAD-dependent signaling pathway in the mesothelial cells that promotes a mesenchymal phenotype and transcriptional upregulation of fibronectin. Additionally, blocking α5 or β1 integrin function with antibodies reduced metastasis in an orthotopic preclinical model of OvCa metastasis. These findings indicate that cancer-associated mesothelial cells promote colonization during the initial steps of OvCa metastasis and suggest that mesothelial cells actively contribute to metastasis.
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187
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Suh DH, Kim HS, Kim B, Song YS. Metabolic orchestration between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment as a co-evolutionary source of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer: a therapeutic implication. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:43-54. [PMID: 25168677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our group reported a significant association between hexokinase II overexpression and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer, suggesting that aerobic glycolysis in the so-called Warburg effect might contribute to cancer progression. However, a growing body of evidence indicates contradictory findings with regard to the Warburg effect, such as high mitochondrial activity in highly invasive tumors and low ATP contribution of glycolysis in ovarian cancer. As a solution for the dilemma of the Warburg effect, the "reverse Warburg effect" was proposed in which aerobic glycolysis might occur in the stromal compartment of the tumor rather than in the cancer cells, indicating that the glycolytic tumor stroma feed the cancer cells through a type of symbiotic relationship. The reverse Warburg effect acting on the relationship between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts has evolved into dynamic interplay between cancer cells and multiple tumor stromal compartments, including cancer-associated fibroblasts, the extracellular matrix, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adipocytes, and tumor-associated macrophages. Peritoneal cavities including ascites and the omentum also form a unique environment that is highly receptive for carcinomatosis in the advanced stages of ovarian cancer. The complicated but ingeniously orchestrated stroma-mediated cancer metabolism in ovarian cancer provides great heterogeneity in tumors with chemoresistance, which makes the disease thus far difficult to cure by single stromal-targeting agents. This review will discuss the experimental and clinical evidence of the cross-talk between cancer cells and various components of tumor stroma in terms of heterogeneous chemoresistance with focal points for therapeutic intervention in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyun Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
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188
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Ziegler YS, Moresco JJ, Tu PG, Yates JR, Nardulli AM. Plasma membrane proteomics of human breast cancer cell lines identifies potential targets for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102341. [PMID: 25029196 PMCID: PMC4100819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of broad spectrum chemotherapeutic agents to treat breast cancer results in substantial and debilitating side effects, necessitating the development of targeted therapies to limit tumor proliferation and prevent metastasis. In recent years, the list of approved targeted therapies has expanded, and it includes both monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors that interfere with key proteins involved in the uncontrolled growth and migration of cancer cells. The targeting of plasma membrane proteins has been most successful to date, and this is reflected in the large representation of these proteins as targets of newer therapies. In view of these facts, experiments were designed to investigate the plasma membrane proteome of a variety of human breast cancer cell lines representing hormone-responsive, ErbB2 over-expressing and triple negative cell types, as well as a benign control. Plasma membranes were isolated by using an aqueous two-phase system, and the resulting proteins were subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. Overall, each of the cell lines expressed some unique proteins, and a number of proteins were expressed in multiple cell lines, but in patterns that did not always follow traditional clinical definitions of breast cancer type. From our data, it can be deduced that most cancer cells possess multiple strategies to promote uncontrolled growth, reflected in aberrant expression of tyrosine kinases, cellular adhesion molecules, and structural proteins. Our data set provides a very rich and complex picture of plasma membrane proteins present on breast cancer cells, and the sorting and categorizing of this data provides interesting insights into the biology, classification, and potential treatment of this prevalent and debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne S. Ziegler
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - James J. Moresco
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia G. Tu
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Nardulli
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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189
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Desjardins M, Xie J, Gurler H, Muralidhar GG, Sacks JD, Burdette JE, Barbolina MV. Versican regulates metastasis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells and spheroids. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:70. [PMID: 24999371 PMCID: PMC4081460 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is a deadly disease characterized by overt peritoneal metastasis. Individual cells and multicellular aggregates, or spheroids, seed these metastases, both commonly found in ascites. Mechanisms that foster spheroid attachment to the peritoneal tissues preceding formation of secondary lesions are largely unknown. Methods Cell culture models of SKOV-3, OVCAR3, OVCAR4, Caov-3, IGROV-1, and A2780 were used. In this report the role of versican was examined in adhesion of EOC spheroids and cells to peritoneal mesothelial cell monolayers in vitro as well as in formation of peritoneal tumors using an in vivo xenograft mouse model. Results The data demonstrate that versican is instrumental in facilitating cell and spheroid adhesion to the mesothelial cell monolayers, as its reduction with specific shRNAs led to decreased adhesion. Furthermore, spheroids with reduced expression of versican failed to disaggregate to complete monolayers when seeded atop monolayers of peritoneal mesothelial cells. Failure of spheroids lacking versican to disaggregate as efficiently as controls could be attributed to a reduced cell migration that was observed in the absence of versican expression. Importantly, both spheroids and cells with reduced expression of versican demonstrated significantly impaired ability to generate peritoneal tumors when injected intraperitoneally into athymic nude mice. Conclusions Taken together these data suggest that versican regulates the development of peritoneal metastasis originating from cells and spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Desjardins
- Departments of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, PHARM 335, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jia Xie
- Departments of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, PHARM 335, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hilal Gurler
- Departments of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, PHARM 335, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Goda G Muralidhar
- Departments of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, PHARM 335, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Joelle D Sacks
- Departments of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, PHARM 335, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognocy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Maria V Barbolina
- Departments of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, PHARM 335, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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190
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Vaksman O, Tropé C, Davidson B, Reich R. Exosome-derived miRNAs and ovarian carcinoma progression. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2113-20. [PMID: 24925027 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the expression, biological role and clinical relevance of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) from ovarian carcinoma (OC) effusion supernatants. Exosomal miRNA expression profiling was performed using miRNA Taqman arrays. Selected miRNAs were validated using quantitative PCR in 86 OC effusion supernatants. The role of exosomal miRNA in this cancer was further studied using in vitro and in vivo models. miRNA profiling identified 99 miRNAs with high expression levels in exosomes from OC effusion supernatants. Quantitative PCR validation of 11 miRNAs showed significant associations with effusion site (peritoneum versus pleura) and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage. In univariate survival analysis, high levels of miRNAs 21, 23b and 29a were associated with poor progression-free survival (P = 0.01, P = 0.015 and P = 0.009, respectively), whereas high expression of miRNA 21 correlated with poor overall survival (P = 0.017). The latter association was retained in Cox multivariate analysis (P = 0.001). Exposure of LP9 mesothelial cells and ES2 OC cells to OC effusion-derived exosomes inhibited tumor spheroid expansion and reduced mesothelial clearance area. Treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency mice with exosomes from OC effusions prior to injection of tumor cells was associated with larger tumor load, more infiltrative tumors and shorter survival. Patient-derived OC effusion exosomes contain multiple miRNAs, of which some may have clinical relevance. In experimental models, OC exosomes affect both tumor cells and cells in the tumor microenvironment and induce more aggressive disease. Collectively, these data demonstrate the central role of miRNAs and their content in the biology of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vaksman
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Claes Tropé
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ben Davidson
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway, Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway and
| | - Reuven Reich
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, N-0310 Oslo, Norway, David R. Bloom Center for Pharmacy and Adolf and Klara Brettler Center for Research in Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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191
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Tancioni I, Uryu S, Sulzmaier FJ, Shah NR, Lawson C, Miller NLG, Jean C, Chen XL, Ward KK, Schlaepfer DD. FAK Inhibition disrupts a β5 integrin signaling axis controlling anchorage-independent ovarian carcinoma growth. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2050-61. [PMID: 24899686 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer ascites fluid contains matrix proteins that can impact tumor growth via integrin receptor binding. In human ovarian tumor tissue arrays, we find that activation of the cytoplasmic focal adhesion (FAK) tyrosine kinase parallels increased tumor stage, β5 integrin, and osteopontin matrix staining. Elevated osteopontin, β5 integrin, and FAK mRNA levels are associated with decreased serous ovarian cancer patient survival. FAK remains active within ovarian cancer cells grown as spheroids, and anchorage-independent growth analyses of seven ovarian carcinoma cell lines identified sensitive (HEY, OVCAR8) and resistant (SKOV3-IP, OVCAR10) cells to 0.1 μmol/L FAK inhibitor (VS-4718, formerly PND-1186) treatment. VS-4718 promoted HEY and OVCAR8 G0-G1 cell-cycle arrest followed by cell death, whereas growth of SKOV3-IP and OVCAR10 cells was resistant to 1.0 μmol/L VS-4718. In HEY cells, genetic or pharmacological FAK inhibition prevented tumor growth in mice with corresponding reductions in β5 integrin and osteopontin expression. β5 knockdown reduced HEY cell growth in soft agar, tumor growth in mice, and both FAK Y397 phosphorylation and osteopontin expression in spheroids. FAK inhibitor-resistant (SKOV3-IP, OVCAR10) cells exhibited anchorage-independent Akt S473 phosphorylation, and expression of membrane-targeted and active Akt in sensitive cells (HEY, OVCAR8) increased growth but did not create a FAK inhibitor-resistant phenotype. These results link osteopontin, β5 integrin, and FAK in promoting ovarian tumor progression. β5 integrin expression may serve as a biomarker for serous ovarian carcinoma cells that possess active FAK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Tancioni
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Sean Uryu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Florian J Sulzmaier
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Nina R Shah
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Christine Lawson
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Nichol L G Miller
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Christine Jean
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Xiao Lei Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Kristy K Ward
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - David D Schlaepfer
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, UCSD Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
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Bilandzic M, Stenvers KL. Assessment of ovarian cancer spheroid attachment and invasion of mesothelial cells in real time. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24893837 PMCID: PMC4199467 DOI: 10.3791/51655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers metastasize by shedding into the peritoneal fluid and dispersing to distal sites within the peritoneum. Monolayer cultures do not accurately model the behaviors of cancer cells within a nonadherent environment, as cancer cells inherently aggregate into multicellular structures which contribute to the metastatic process by attaching to and invading the peritoneal lining to form secondary tumors. To model this important stage of ovarian cancer metastasis, multicellular aggregates, or spheroids, can be generated from established ovarian cancer cell lines maintained under nonadherent conditions. To mimic the peritoneal microenvironment encountered by tumor cells in vivo, a spheroid-mesothelial co-culture model was established in which preformed spheroids are plated on top of a human mesothelial cell monolayer, formed over an extracellular matrix barrier. Methods were then developed using a real-time cell analyzer to conduct quantitative real time measurements of the invasive capacity of different ovarian cancer cell lines grown as spheroids. This approach allows for the continuous measurement of invasion over long periods of time, which has several advantages over traditional endpoint assays and more laborious real time microscopy image analyses. In short, this method enables a rapid, determination of factors which regulate the interactions between ovarian cancer spheroid cells invading through mesothelial and matrix barriers over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maree Bilandzic
- Reproductive Development and Cancer Laboratory, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research;
| | - Kaye L Stenvers
- Reproductive Development and Cancer Laboratory, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research; Department of Developmental Biology and Anatomy, Monash University
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193
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Longuespée R, Tastet C, Desmons A, Kerdraon O, Day R, Fournier I, Salzet M. HFIP extraction followed by 2D CTAB/SDS-PAGE separation: a new methodology for protein identification from tissue sections after MALDI mass spectrometry profiling for personalized medicine research. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2014; 18:374-84. [PMID: 24841221 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2013.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and profiling technology have become the easiest methods for quickly accessing the protein composition of a tissue area. Unfortunately, the demand for the identification of these proteins remains unmet. To overcome this bottleneck, we combined several strategies to identify the proteins detected via MALDI profiling including on-tissue protein extraction using hexafluoroIsopropanol (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, HFIP) coupled with two-dimensional cetyl trimethylammonium bromide/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D CTAB/SDS-PAGE) for separation followed by trypsin digestion and MALDI-MS analyses for identification. This strategy was compared with an on-tissue bottom-up strategy that we previously developed. The data reflect the complementarity of the approaches. An increase in the number of specific proteins identified has been established. This approach demonstrates the potential of adapted extraction procedures and the combination of parallel identification approaches for personalized medicine applications. The anatomical context provides important insight into identifying biomarkers and may be considered a first step for tissue-based biomarker research, as well as the extemporaneous examination of biopsies during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Longuespée
- 1 Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), MALDI Imaging Team, Université de Lille 1 , Cité Scientifique, Lille, France
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194
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Li A, Morton JP, Ma Y, Karim SA, Zhou Y, Faller WJ, Woodham EF, Morris HT, Stevenson RP, Juin A, Jamieson NB, MacKay CJ, Carter CR, Leung HY, Yamashiro S, Blyth K, Sansom OJ, Machesky LM. Fascin is regulated by slug, promotes progression of pancreatic cancer in mice, and is associated with patient outcomes. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:1386-96.e1-17. [PMID: 24462734 PMCID: PMC4000441 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often lethal because it is highly invasive and metastasizes rapidly. The actin-bundling protein fascin has been identified as a biomarker of invasive and advanced PDAC and regulates cell migration and invasion in vitro. We investigated fascin expression and its role in PDAC progression in mice. METHODS We used KRas(G12D) p53(R172H) Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice to investigate the effects of fascin deficiency on development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIn), PDAC, and metastasis. We measured levels of fascin in PDAC cell lines and 122 human resected PDAC samples, along with normal ductal and acinar tissues; we associated levels with patient outcomes. RESULTS Pancreatic ducts and acini from control mice and early-stage PanINs from KPC mice were negative for fascin, but approximately 6% of PanIN3 and 100% of PDAC expressed fascin. Fascin-deficient KRas(G12D) p53(R172H) Pdx1-Cre mice had longer survival times, delayed onset of PDAC, and a lower PDAC tumor burdens than KPC mice; loss of fascin did not affect invasion of PDAC into bowel or peritoneum in mice. Levels of slug and fascin correlated in PDAC cells; slug was found to regulate transcription of Fascin along with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In PDAC cell lines and cells from mice, fascin concentrated in filopodia and was required for their assembly and turnover. Fascin promoted intercalation of filopodia into mesothelial cell layers and cell invasion. Nearly all human PDAC samples expressed fascin, and higher fascin histoscores correlated with poor outcomes, vascular invasion, and time to recurrence. CONCLUSIONS The actin-bundling protein fascin is regulated by slug and involved in late-stage PanIN and PDAC formation in mice. Fascin appears to promote formation of filopodia and invasive activities of PDAC cells. Its levels in human PDAC correlate with outcomes and time to recurrence, indicating it might be a marker or therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - YaFeng Ma
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Saadia A Karim
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yan Zhou
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William J Faller
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma F Woodham
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hayley T Morris
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard P Stevenson
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amelie Juin
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- Department of Surgery, West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin J MacKay
- Department of Surgery, West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Ross Carter
- Department of Surgery, West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hing Y Leung
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shigeko Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Karen Blyth
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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195
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Davidowitz RA, Selfors LM, Iwanicki MP, Elias KM, Karst A, Piao H, Ince TA, Drage MG, Dering J, Konecny GE, Matulonis U, Mills GB, Slamon DJ, Drapkin R, Brugge JS. Mesenchymal gene program-expressing ovarian cancer spheroids exhibit enhanced mesothelial clearance. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2611-25. [PMID: 24762435 DOI: 10.1172/jci69815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination of ovarian tumors involves the invasion of tumor cell clusters into the mesothelial cell lining of peritoneal cavity organs; however, the tumor-specific factors that allow ovarian cancer cells to spread are unclear. We used an in vitro assay that models the initial step of ovarian cancer metastasis, clearance of the mesothelial cell layer, to examine the clearance ability of a large panel of both established and primary ovarian tumor cells. Comparison of the gene and protein expression profiles of clearance-competent and clearance-incompetent cells revealed that mesenchymal genes are enriched in tumor populations that display strong clearance activity, while epithelial genes are enriched in those with weak or undetectable activity. Overexpression of transcription factors SNAI1, TWIST1, and ZEB1, which regulate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), promoted mesothelial clearance in cell lines with weak activity, while knockdown of the EMT-regulatory transcription factors TWIST1 and ZEB1 attenuated mesothelial clearance in ovarian cancer cell lines with strong activity. These findings provide important insights into the mechanisms associated with metastatic progression of ovarian cancer and suggest that inhibiting pathways that drive mesenchymal programs may suppress tumor cell invasion of peritoneal tissues.
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196
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McGrail DJ, Kieu QMN, Dawson MR. The malignancy of metastatic ovarian cancer cells is increased on soft matrices through a mechanosensitive Rho-ROCK pathway. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2621-6. [PMID: 24741068 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.144378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although current treatments for localized ovarian cancer are highly effective, this cancer still remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy, largely owing to the fact that it is often detected only after tumor cells leave the primary tumor. Clinicians have long noted a clear predilection for ovarian cancer to metastasize to the soft omentum. Here, we show that this tropism is due not only to chemical signals but also mechanical cues. Metastatic ovarian cancer cells (OCCs) preferentially adhere to soft microenvironments and display an enhanced malignant phenotype, including increased migration, proliferation and chemoresistance. To understand the cell-matrix interactions that are used to sense the substrate rigidity, we utilized traction force microscopy (TFM) and found that, on soft substrates, human OCCs increased both the magnitude of traction forces as well as their degree of polarization. After culture on soft substrates, cells underwent morphological elongation characteristic of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was confirmed by molecular analysis. Consistent with the idea that mechanical cues are a key determinant in the spread of ovarian cancer, the observed mechanosensitivity was greatly decreased in less-metastatic OCCs. Finally, we demonstrate that this mechanical tropism is governed through a Rho-ROCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J McGrail
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Quang Minh N Kieu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Michelle R Dawson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA The Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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197
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Pettee KM, Dvorak KM, Nestor-Kalinoski AL, Eisenmann KM. An mDia2/ROCK signaling axis regulates invasive egress from epithelial ovarian cancer spheroids. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90371. [PMID: 24587343 PMCID: PMC3938721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-cellular spheroids are enriched in ascites of epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa) patients. They represent an invasive and chemoresistant cellular population fundamental to metastatic dissemination. The molecular mechanisms triggering single cell invasive egress from spheroids remain enigmatic. mDia formins are Rho GTPase effectors that are key regulators of F-actin cytoskeletal dynamics. We hypothesized that mDia2-driven F-actin dynamics promote single cell invasive transitions in clinically relevant three-dimensional (3D) OvCa spheroids. The current study is a dissection of the contribution of the F-actin assembly factor mDia2 formin in invasive transitions and using a clinically relevant ovarian cancer spheroid model. We show that RhoA-directed mDia2 activity is required for tight spheroid organization, and enrichment of mDia2 in the invasive cellular protrusions of collagen-embedded OVCA429 spheroids. Depleting mDia2 in ES-2 spheroids enhanced invasive dissemination of single amoeboid-shaped cells. This contrasts with spheroids treated with control siRNA, where a mesenchymal invasion program predominated. Inhibition of another RhoA effector, ROCK, had no impact on ES-2 spheroid formation but dramatically inhibited spheroid invasion through induction of a highly elongated morphology. Concurrent inhibition of ROCK and mDia2 blocked single cell invasion from ES-2 spheroids more effectively than inhibition of either protein alone, indicating that invasive egress of amoeboid cells from mDia2-depleted spheroids is ROCK-dependent. Our findings indicate that multiple GTPase effectors must be suppressed in order to fully block invasive egress from ovarian cancer spheroids. Furthermore, tightly regulated interplay between ROCK and mDia2 signaling pathways dictates the invasive capacities and the type of invasion program utilized by motile spheroid-derived ovarian cancer cells. As loss of the gene encoding mDia2, DRF3, has been linked to cancer progression and metastasis, our results set the stage for understanding molecular mechanisms involved in mDia2-dependent egress of invasive cells from primary epithelial tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Actin Cytoskeleton/chemistry
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Female
- Formins
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- rho-Associated Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- rho-Associated Kinases/genetics
- rho-Associated Kinases/metabolism
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M. Pettee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn M. Dvorak
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Andrea L. Nestor-Kalinoski
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M. Eisenmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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198
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Correa RJM, Valdes YR, Peart TM, Fazio EN, Bertrand M, McGee J, Préfontaine M, Sugimoto A, DiMattia GE, Shepherd TG. Combination of AKT inhibition with autophagy blockade effectively reduces ascites-derived ovarian cancer cell viability. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1951-61. [PMID: 24562574 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genomics analysis of the high-grade serous subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) show aberrations in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway that result in upregulated signaling activity. Thus, the PI3K/AKT pathway represents a potential therapeutic target for aggressive high-grade EOC. We previously demonstrated that treatment of malignant ascites-derived primary human EOC cells and ovarian cancer cell lines with the allosteric AKT inhibitor Akti-1/2 induces a dormancy-like cytostatic response but does not reduce cell viability. In this report, we show that allosteric AKT inhibition in these cells induces cytoprotective autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy using chloroquine (CQ) alone or in combination with Akti-1/2 leads to a significant decrease in viable cell number. In fact, Akti-1/2 sensitizes EOC cells to CQ-induced cell death by exhibiting markedly reduced EC50 values in combination-treated cells compared with CQ alone. In addition, we evaluated the effects of the novel specific and potent autophagy inhibitor-1 (Spautin-1) and demonstrate that Spautin-1 inhibits autophagy in a Beclin-1-independent manner in primary EOC cells and cell lines. Multicellular EOC spheroids are highly sensitive to Akti-1/2 and CQ/Spautin-1 cotreatments, but resistant to each agent alone. Indeed, combination index analysis revealed strong synergy between Akti-1/2 and Spautin-1 when both agents were used to affect cell viability; Akti-1/2 and CQ cotreatment also displayed synergy in most samples. Taken together, we propose that combination AKT inhibition and autophagy blockade would prove efficacious to reduce residual EOC cells for supplying ovarian cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohann J M Correa
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6, Canada, Department of Biochemistry and
| | - Yudith Ramos Valdes
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Teresa M Peart
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6, Canada, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Elena N Fazio
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Monique Bertrand
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6, Canada, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5W9, Canada and
| | - Jacob McGee
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6, Canada, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5W9, Canada and
| | - Michel Préfontaine
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6, Canada, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5W9, Canada and
| | - Akira Sugimoto
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6, Canada, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5W9, Canada and
| | - Gabriel E DiMattia
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6, Canada, Department of Biochemistry and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5W9, Canada and Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Trevor G Shepherd
- Translational Ovarian Cancer Research Program, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6, Canada, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5W9, Canada and Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 4L6, Canada
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199
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Naora H. Heterotypic cellular interactions in the ovarian tumor microenvironment: biological significance and therapeutic implications. Front Oncol 2014; 4:18. [PMID: 24567915 PMCID: PMC3915179 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of women who are diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer present with extensive peritoneal carcinomatosis and are rarely cured by conventional chemotherapy. Ovarian cancer cells typically disseminate by shedding into the peritoneal fluid and implant on the mesothelium-lined peritoneal surfaces that overlie connective and white adipose tissues. Emerging evidence indicates that ovarian tumor progression is orchestrated by dynamic interplay between tumor cells and a variety of stromal cells such as adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, macrophages, and other immune cells. This mini-review discusses the biological significance of the heterotypic cellular interactions in the ovarian tumor microenvironment and the therapeutic implications of targeting these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honami Naora
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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200
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Usui A, Ko SY, Barengo N, Naora H. P-cadherin promotes ovarian cancer dissemination through tumor cell aggregation and tumor-peritoneum interactions. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:504-13. [PMID: 24448686 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED More than 60% of patients who are diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) present with extensive peritoneal carcinomatosis. EOC cells typically disseminate by shedding into the peritoneal fluid in which they survive as multicellular aggregates and then implant onto peritoneal surfaces. However, the mechanism that facilitates aggregation and implantation of EOC cells is poorly understood. The cell adhesion molecule P-cadherin has been reported to be induced during early progression of EOC and to promote tumor cell migration. In this study, P-cadherin not only promoted migration of EOC cells, but also facilitated the assembly of floating EOC cells into multicellular aggregates and inhibited anoikis in vitro. Furthermore, inhibiting P-cadherin by short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) or a neutralizing antibody prevented EOC cells from attaching to peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro. In mouse intraperitoneal xenograft models of EOC, inhibition of P-cadherin decreased the aggregation and survival of floating tumor cells in ascites and reduced the number of tumor implants on peritoneal surfaces. These findings indicate that P-cadherin promotes intraperitoneal dissemination of EOC by facilitating tumor cell aggregation and tumor-peritoneum interactions in addition to promoting tumor cell migration. IMPLICATIONS Inhibiting P-cadherin blocks multiple key steps of EOC progression and has therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Usui
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 108, Houston, TX 77030.
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