151
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Somarribas Patterson LF, Vardhana SA. Metabolic regulation of the cancer-immunity cycle. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:975-993. [PMID: 34610889 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cancer-immunity cycle (CIC) comprises a series of events that are required for immune-mediated control of tumor growth. Interruption of one or more steps of the CIC enables tumors to evade immunosurveillance. However, attempts to restore antitumor immunity by reactivating the CIC have had limited success thus far. Recently, numerous studies have implicated metabolic reprogramming of tumor and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) as key contributors to immune evasion. In this opinion, we propose that alterations in cellular metabolism during tumorigenesis promote both initiation and disruption of the CIC. We also provide a rationale for metabolically targeting the TME, which may assist in improving tumor responsiveness to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-transduced T cells or immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Somarribas Patterson
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Santosha A Vardhana
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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152
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Wang X, Wang Y, Li J, Tian T, Li J, Guo Z, Zhang Y. T Cell‐Signaling‐Responsive Conjugate of Antibody with siRNA to Overcome Acquired Resistance to anti‐PD‐1 Immunotherapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Tian Tian
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jinbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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153
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Jennings MR, Munn D, Blazeck J. Immunosuppressive metabolites in tumoral immune evasion: redundancies, clinical efforts, and pathways forward. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e003013. [PMID: 34667078 PMCID: PMC8527165 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors accumulate metabolites that deactivate infiltrating immune cells and polarize them toward anti-inflammatory phenotypes. We provide a comprehensive review of the complex networks orchestrated by several of the most potent immunosuppressive metabolites, highlighting the impact of adenosine, kynurenines, prostaglandin E2, and norepinephrine and epinephrine, while discussing completed and ongoing clinical efforts to curtail their impact. Retrospective analyses of clinical data have elucidated that their activity is negatively associated with prognosis in diverse cancer indications, though there is a current paucity of approved therapies that disrupt their synthesis or downstream signaling axes. We hypothesize that prior lukewarm results may be attributed to redundancies in each metabolites' synthesis or signaling pathway and highlight routes for how therapeutic development and patient stratification might proceed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rain Jennings
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David Munn
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - John Blazeck
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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154
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Suzuki K, Nishiwaki K, Yano S. Treatment Strategy for Multiple Myeloma to Improve Immunological Environment and Maintain MRD Negativity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4867. [PMID: 34638353 PMCID: PMC8508145 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the immunological environment and eradicating minimal residual disease (MRD) are the two main treatment goals for long-term survival in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), monoclonal antibody drugs (MoAbs), and autologous grafts for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) can improve the immunological microenvironment. ASCT, MoAbs, and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) may be important for the achievement of MRD negativity. An improved immunological environment may be useful for maintaining MRD negativity, although the specific treatment for persistent MRD negativity is unknown. However, whether the ongoing treatment should be continued or changed if the MRD status remains positive is controversial. In this case, genetic, immunophenotypic, and clinical analysis of residual myeloma cells may be necessary to select the effective treatment for the residual myeloma cells. The purpose of this review is to discuss the MM treatment strategy to "cure MM" based on currently available therapies, including IMiDs, PIs, MoAbs, and ASCT, and expected immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, via improvement of the immunological environment and maintenance of MRD negativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Tokyo 277-8567, Japan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
| | - Kaichi Nishiwaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Tokyo 277-8567, Japan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
| | - Shingo Yano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
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155
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Wan Kamarul Zaman WS, Nurul AA, Nordin F. Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: The Jekyll and Hyde Scenario and Their Implications in Stem Cell Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091245. [PMID: 34572431 PMCID: PMC8468168 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
"Jekyll and Hyde" refers to persons with an unpredictably dual personality, who are battling between good and evil within themselves In this regard, even cells consist of good and evil counterparts. Normal stem cells (NSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are two types of cells that share some similar characteristics but have distinct functions that play a major role in physiological and pathophysiological development. In reality, NSCs such as the adult and embryonic stem cells, are the good cells and the ultimate treatment used in cell therapy. CSCs are the corrupted cells that are a subpopulation of cancer cells within the cancer microenvironment that grow into a massive tumour or malignancy that needs to be treated. Hence, understanding the connection between NSCs and CSCs is important not just in cancer development but also in their therapeutic implication, which is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Asma Abdullah Nurul
- School of Health Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Fazlina Nordin
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, UKM, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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156
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Qian W, Zhao M, Wang R, Li H. Fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1): the next immune checkpoint target. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:147. [PMID: 34526102 PMCID: PMC8444356 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy has achieved significant efficacy by blocking inhibitory pathways to release the function of T lymphocytes. In the clinic, anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have progressed to first-line monotherapies in certain tumor types. However, the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 mAbs is still limited due to toxic side effects and de novo or adaptive resistance. Moreover, other immune checkpoint target and biomarkers for therapeutic response prediction are still lacking; as a biomarker, the PD-L1 (CD274, B7-H1) expression level is not as accurate as required. Hence, it is necessary to seek more representative predictive molecules and potential target molecules for immune checkpoint therapy. Fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) is a proliferation- and metabolism-related protein secreted by the liver. Multiple studies have confirmed that FGL1 is a newly emerging checkpoint ligand of lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), emphasizing the potential of targeting FGL1/LAG3 as the next generation of immune checkpoint therapy. In this review, we summarize the substantial regulation mechanisms of FGL1 in physiological and pathological conditions, especially tumor epithelial to mesenchymal transition, immune escape and immune checkpoint blockade resistance, to provide insights for targeting FGL1 in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Qian
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, Liaoning, 110006, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Dalian, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjingbei Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, Liaoning, 110006, People's Republic of China. .,The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Dalian, 116001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heming Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjingbei Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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157
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Martínez-Blanco Á, Domínguez-Pantoja M, Botía-Sánchez M, Pérez-Cabrera S, Bello-Iglesias N, Carrillo-Rodríguez P, Martin-Morales N, Lario-Simón A, Pérez-Sánchez-Cañete MM, Montosa-Hidalgo L, Guerrero-Fernández S, Longobardo-Polanco VM, Redondo-Sánchez S, Cornet-Gomez A, Torres-Sáez M, Fernández-Ibáñez A, Terrón-Camero L, Andrés-León E, O'Valle F, Merino R, Zubiaur M, Sancho J. CD38 Deficiency Ameliorates Chronic Graft- Versus-Host Disease Murine Lupus via a B-Cell-Dependent Mechanism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713697. [PMID: 34504495 PMCID: PMC8421681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of the mouse cell surface receptor CD38 in Cd38−/− mice suggests that this receptor acts as a positive regulator of inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Here, we report that, in the context of the chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) lupus inducible model, the transfer of B6.C-H2bm12/KhEg(bm12) spleen cells into co-isogenic Cd38−/− B6 mice causes milder lupus-like autoimmunity with lower levels of anti-ssDNA autoantibodies than the transfer of bm12 spleen cells into WT B6 mice. In addition, significantly lower percentages of Tfh cells, as well as GC B cells, plasma cells, and T-bet+CD11chi B cells, were observed in Cd38−/− mice than in WT mice, while the expansion of Treg cells and Tfr cells was normal, suggesting that the ability of Cd38−/− B cells to respond to allogeneic help from bm12 CD4+ T cells is greatly diminished. The frequencies of T-bet+CD11chi B cells, which are considered the precursors of the autoantibody-secreting cells, correlate with anti-ssDNA autoantibody serum levels, IL-27, and sCD40L. Proteomics profiling of the spleens from WT cGVHD mice reflects a STAT1-driven type I IFN signature, which is absent in Cd38−/− cGVHD mice. Kidney, spleen, and liver inflammation was mild and resolved faster in Cd38−/− cGVHD mice than in WT cGVHD mice. We conclude that CD38 in B cells functions as a modulator receptor that controls autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- África Martínez-Blanco
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Marilú Domínguez-Pantoja
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María Botía-Sánchez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez-Cabrera
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Nerea Bello-Iglesias
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Carrillo-Rodríguez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Cornet-Gomez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María Torres-Sáez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Francisco O'Valle
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada (UGR), Granada, Spain
| | - Ramón Merino
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Signalling, Instituto de Biomedicina y de Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Cantabria (CSIC-UC), Santander, Spain
| | - Mercedes Zubiaur
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Jaime Sancho
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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158
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Burkard T, Dreis C, Herrero San Juan M, Huhn M, Weigert A, Pfeilschifter JM, Radeke HH. Enhanced CXCR4 Expression of Human CD8 Low T Lymphocytes Is Driven by S1P 4. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668884. [PMID: 34504486 PMCID: PMC8421764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the human immune response to cancer is naturally potent, it can be severely disrupted as a result of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Infiltrating regulatory T lymphocytes contribute to this immunosuppression by inhibiting proliferation of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes, which are key to an effective anti-cancer immune response. Other important contributory factors are thought to include metabolic stress caused by the local nutrient deprivation common to many solid tumors. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), an alarmin released in reaction to cell damage, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are known to control cell positioning and differentiation of T lymphocytes. In an in vitro model of nutrient deprivation, we investigated the influence of IL-33 and S1P receptor 4 (S1P4) on the differentiation and migration of human CD8+ T lymphocytes. Serum starvation of CD8+ T lymphocytes induced a subset of CD8Low and IL-33 receptor-positive (ST2L+) cells characterized by enhanced expression of the regulatory T cell markers CD38 and CD39. Both S1P1 and S1P4 were transcriptionally regulated after stimulation with IL-33. Moreover, expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 was increased in CD8+ T lymphocytes treated with the selective S1P4 receptor agonist CYM50308. We conclude that nutrient deprivation promotes CD8Low T lymphocytes, contributing to an immunosuppressive microenvironment and a poor anti-cancer immune response by limiting cytotoxic effector functions. Our results suggest that S1P4 signaling modulation may be a promising target for anti-CXCR4 cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Burkard
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Caroline Dreis
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Martina Herrero San Juan
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Meik Huhn
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Josef M Pfeilschifter
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Heinfried H Radeke
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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159
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Krejcik J, Barnkob MB, Nyvold CG, Larsen TS, Barington T, Abildgaard N. Harnessing the Immune System to Fight Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4546. [PMID: 34572773 PMCID: PMC8467095 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous plasma cell malignancy differing substantially in clinical behavior, prognosis, and response to treatment. With the advent of novel therapies, many patients achieve long-lasting remissions, but some experience aggressive and treatment refractory relapses. So far, MM is considered incurable. Myeloma pathogenesis can broadly be explained by two interacting mechanisms, intraclonal evolution of cancer cells and development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Failures in isotype class switching and somatic hypermutations result in the neoplastic transformation typical of MM and other B cell malignancies. Interestingly, although genetic alterations occur and evolve over time, they are also present in premalignant stages, which never progress to MM, suggesting that genetic mutations are necessary but not sufficient for myeloma transformation. Changes in composition and function of the immune cells are associated with loss of effective immune surveillance, which might represent another mechanism driving malignant transformation. During the last decade, the traditional view on myeloma treatment has changed dramatically. It is increasingly evident that treatment strategies solely based on targeting intrinsic properties of myeloma cells are insufficient. Lately, approaches that redirect the cells of the otherwise suppressed immune system to take control over myeloma have emerged. Evidence of utility of this principle was initially established by the observation of the graft-versus-myeloma effect in allogeneic stem cell-transplanted patients. A variety of new strategies to harness both innate and antigen-specific immunity against MM have recently been developed and intensively tested in clinical trials. This review aims to give readers a basic understanding of how the immune system can be engaged to treat MM, to summarize the main immunotherapeutic modalities, their current role in clinical care, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Krejcik
- Centre for Cellular Immunotherapy of Haematological Cancer Odense (CITCO), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (J.K.); (M.B.B.); (C.G.N.); (T.S.L.); (T.B.)
- Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Haematology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mike Bogetofte Barnkob
- Centre for Cellular Immunotherapy of Haematological Cancer Odense (CITCO), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (J.K.); (M.B.B.); (C.G.N.); (T.S.L.); (T.B.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Guldborg Nyvold
- Centre for Cellular Immunotherapy of Haematological Cancer Odense (CITCO), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (J.K.); (M.B.B.); (C.G.N.); (T.S.L.); (T.B.)
- Haematology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Haematology-Pathology Research Laboratory, Research Unit for Haematology and Research Unit for Pathology, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Stauffer Larsen
- Centre for Cellular Immunotherapy of Haematological Cancer Odense (CITCO), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (J.K.); (M.B.B.); (C.G.N.); (T.S.L.); (T.B.)
- Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Haematology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Barington
- Centre for Cellular Immunotherapy of Haematological Cancer Odense (CITCO), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (J.K.); (M.B.B.); (C.G.N.); (T.S.L.); (T.B.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Abildgaard
- Centre for Cellular Immunotherapy of Haematological Cancer Odense (CITCO), Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (J.K.); (M.B.B.); (C.G.N.); (T.S.L.); (T.B.)
- Department of Haematology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Haematology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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160
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Harnessing features of adaptive NK cells to generate iPSC-derived NK cells for enhanced immunotherapy. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:2062-2075.e5. [PMID: 34525347 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Select subsets of immune effector cells have the greatest propensity to mediate antitumor responses. However, procuring these subsets is challenging, and cell-based immunotherapy is hampered by limited effector-cell persistence and lack of on-demand availability. To address these limitations, we generated a triple-gene-edited induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC). The clonal iPSC line was engineered to express a high affinity, non-cleavable version of the Fc receptor CD16a and a membrane-bound interleukin (IL)-15/IL-15R fusion protein. The third edit was a knockout of the ecto-enzyme CD38, which hydrolyzes NAD+. Natural killer (NK) cells derived from these uniformly engineered iPSCs, termed iADAPT, displayed metabolic features and gene expression profiles mirroring those of cytomegalovirus-induced adaptive NK cells. iADAPT NK cells persisted in vivo in the absence of exogenous cytokine and elicited superior antitumor activity. Our findings suggest that unique subsets of the immune system can be modeled through iPSC technology for effective treatment of patients with advanced cancer.
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161
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Allard D, Allard B, Stagg J. On the mechanism of anti-CD39 immune checkpoint therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000186. [PMID: 32098829 PMCID: PMC7057429 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the coming of age of cancer immunotherapy, the search for new therapeutic targets has led to the identification of immunosuppressive adenosine as an important regulator of antitumor immunity. This resulted in the development of selective inhibitors targeting various components of the adenosinergic pathway, including small molecules antagonists targeting the high affinity A2A adenosine receptor and low affinity A2B receptor, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small molecules targeting CD73 and therapeutic mAbs targeting CD39. As each regulator of the adenosinergic pathway present non-overlapping biologic functions, a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of each targeted approach should accelerate clinical translation and improve rational design of combination treatments. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms-of-action of anti-CD39 cancer therapy and potential toxicities that may emerge from sustained CD39 inhibition. Caution should be taken, however, in extrapolating data from gene-targeted mice to patients treated with blocking anti-CD39 agents. As phase I clinical trials are now underway, further insights into the mechanism of action and potential adverse events associated with anti-CD39 therapy are anticipated in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Allard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Allard
- Institut du Cancer de Montreal, Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Stagg
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,Institut du Cancer de Montreal, Centre Hospitalier de L'Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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162
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Choucair K, Radford M, Bansal A, Park R, Saeed A. Advances in immune therapies for the treatment of microsatellite instability‑high/deficient mismatch repair metastatic colorectal cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:74. [PMID: 34396449 PMCID: PMC8360619 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite instability-high/deficient mismatch repair colorectal cancer (MSI-H/dMMR CRC) is a molecular subtype characterized by high-frequency mutations within DNA mismatch repair genes. Defects in the DNA mismatch repair machinery lead to subsequent frame-shift mutations, resulting in the generation of frame-shift peptides that serve as neoantigens. This has translated into exquisite sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and a significant clinical benefit from immune therapies in this patient population. The present article provides a comprehensive review of the advances in the field of immune therapies for MSI-H/dMMR metastatic CRC, with a focus on the major randomized clinical trials that led to Food and Drug Administration approval of specific ICIs for this population, a detailed review of the molecular background responsible for tumor response, as well as the mechanisms of resistance to ICI therapy. Finally, ongoing investigations of other immunotherapeutic strategies to address and overcome the challenges that currently limit response and long-term response to ICIs were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Choucair
- Department of Medicine, Kansas University School of Medicine, Wichita, KS 67214, USA
| | - Maluki Radford
- Department of Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA
| | - Ajay Bansal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kansas Medical Center and Kansas Cancer Institute, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA
| | - Robin Park
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, MA 01702, USA
| | - Anwaar Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Kansas University Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA
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Feng X, Xue F, He G, Ni Q, Huang S. Banxia xiexin decoction affects drug sensitivity in gastric cancer cells by regulating MGMT expression via IL‑6/JAK/STAT3‑mediated PD‑L1 activity. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:165. [PMID: 34278452 PMCID: PMC8262654 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Banxia xiexin decoction (BXXX) is a classic preparation used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, and also has certain therapeutic effects on gastrointestinal tumors. BXXX has been reported to regulate the expression of proteins associated with drug resistance and sensitivity in tumors, and thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of BXXX drug sensitivity in gastric cancer (GC). The expression levels of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD‑L1), 6‑O‑methylguanine‑DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and STAT3 were immunohistochemically detected in the cancer and adjacent non‑cancer tissues of patients with GC, and in vitro experimentation was conducted using drug‑resistant and ‑sensitive GC cells. The expression levels of PD‑L1, MGMT and STAT3 were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Different concentrations of BXXX drug serum were used to treat the cells and the cellular inhibition rate was assessed using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, and western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of IL‑6, IFN‑γ, JAK/STAT3 pathway proteins, PD‑L1 and MGMT. The association between PD‑L1 and MGMT protein expression levels was subsequently assessed via co‑immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, in vivo studies were conducted following the establishment of a drug‑resistant tumor‑bearing mouse model, where GC tumor size was assessed under different treatment conditions, and western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of related pathway proteins. The expression levels of PD‑L1, MGMT and STAT3 were significantly increased in GC tissues, GC cells and cisplatin‑resistant cells. Furthermore, BXXX inhibited the proliferation of drug‑resistant cells and promoted the inhibitory effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on drug‑resistant cells. BXXX also inhibited the expression levels of IL‑6, IFN‑γ and JAK/STAT3 pathway proteins, as well as the expression levels of PD‑L1 and MGMT. Colivelin, an activator of STAT3, reversed the effects of BXXX on drug‑resistant GC cells, and significantly reversed the effect of BXXX on PD‑L1 expression. In conclusion, BXXX was found to influence the drug sensitivity of GC cells by regulating the expression of MGMT. This process functions viaPD‑L1, which was itself mediated by IL‑6/JAK/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Feng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Guihua He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Qing Ni
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, P.R. China
| | - Suiping Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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Hot or cold: Bioengineering immune contextures into in vitro patient-derived tumor models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113791. [PMID: 33965462 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have proven to be tremendously effective for a subset of cancer patients. However, it is difficult to predict the response of individual patients and efforts are now directed at understanding the mechanisms of ICI resistance. Current models of patient tumors poorly recapitulate the immune contexture, which describe immune parameters that are associated with patient survival. In this Review, we discuss parameters that influence the induction of different immune contextures found within tumors and how engineering strategies may be leveraged to recapitulate these contextures to develop the next generation of immune-competent patient-derived in vitro models.
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Ghandili S, Schönlein M, Lütgehetmann M, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Becher H, Bokemeyer C, Sinn M, Weisel KC, Leypoldt LB. Post-Vaccination Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Antibody Response in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Correlates with Low CD19+ B-Lymphocyte Count and Anti-CD38 Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153800. [PMID: 34359701 PMCID: PMC8345197 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The global impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic has led to the impressively rapid development of multiple anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. However, only few data are available regarding the efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with hematological malignancies, and, in particular, plasma cell neoplasia. This ongoing observational study aimed to describe the level of post-vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies depending on multiple clinical factors including B lymphocyte count and current therapy of 82 patients with multiple myeloma and related plasma cell neoplasia, after the first dose of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. A positive SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titer (SP-AbT) was detected in 23% of assessable patients. SARS-CoV-2 SP-AbT was significantly higher in patients with higher CD19+ B lymphocyte counts and current treatment with anti-CD38-antibodies has led to significantly reduced SP-AbT titers. Based on our results, the majority of myeloma patients respond poorly after receiving the first dose of any anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and need booster vaccination. Abstract Few data are available regarding the efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with hematological malignancies, and particular, plasma cell neoplasia. This ongoing single-center study aimed to describe the level of post-vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies depending on B lymphocyte count, current therapy, and remission status of patients with multiple myeloma and related plasma cell dyscrasia, after the first dose of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The 82 patients included in this study received SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (including mRNA- and vector-based vaccines) as a routine measure. After the first vaccination, a positive SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titer (SP-AbT) was detected in 23% of assessable patients. SARS-CoV-2 SP-AbT was significantly higher in patients with higher CD19+ B lymphocyte counts. A cut-off value of ≥30 CD19+ B cells/µL was significantly positive correlating with higher SARS-CoV-2 SP-AbT. In contrast, current treatment with anti-CD38-antibodies has led to significantly reduced SP-AbT titers. Furthermore, in multivariable linear regression, higher age and insufficiently controlled disease significantly correlated negatively with SARS-CoV-2 SP-AbT. Conversely, treatment with immunomodulatory drugs did not harm the development of antibody titers. Based on our results, the majority of myeloma patients respond poorly after receiving the first dose of any anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and need booster vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Ghandili
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.S.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (K.C.W.); (L.B.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-7410-0
| | - Martin Schönlein
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.S.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (K.C.W.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Marc Lütgehetmann
- The Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.S.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (K.C.W.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Marianne Sinn
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.S.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (K.C.W.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Katja C. Weisel
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.S.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (K.C.W.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Lisa B. Leypoldt
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.S.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (K.C.W.); (L.B.L.)
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ImmunoPET of CD38 with a radiolabeled nanobody: promising for clinical translation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2683-2686. [PMID: 33942140 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gao L, Liu Y, Du X, Ma S, Ge M, Tang H, Han C, Zhao X, Liu Y, Shao Y, Wu Z, Zhang L, Meng F, Xiao-Feng Qin F. The intrinsic role and mechanism of tumor expressed-CD38 on lung adenocarcinoma progression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:680. [PMID: 34226519 PMCID: PMC8256983 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been recently reported that CD38 expressed on tumor cells of multiple murine and human origins could be upregulated in response to PD-L1 antibody therapy, which led to dysfunction of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T immune cells due to increasing the production of adenosine. However, the role of tumor expressed-CD38 on neoplastic formation and progression remains elusive. In the present study, we aimed to delineate the molecular and biochemical function of the tumor-associated CD38 in lung adenocarcinoma progression. Our clinical data showed that the upregulation of tumor-originated CD38 was correlated with poor survival of lung cancer patients. Using multiple in vitro assays we found that the enzymatic activity of tumor expressed-CD38 facilitated lung cancer cell migration, proliferation, colony formation, and tumor development. Consistently, our in vivo results showed that inhibition of the enzymatic activity or antagonizing the enzymatic product of CD38 resulted in the similar inhibition of tumor proliferation and metastasis as CD38 gene knock-out or mutation. At biochemical level, we further identified that cADPR, the mainly hydrolytic product of CD38, was responsible for inducing the opening of TRPM2 iron channel leading to the influx of intracellular Ca2+ and then led to increasing levels of NRF2 while decreasing expression of KEAP1 in lung cancer cells. These findings suggested that malignant lung cancer cells were capable of using cADPR catalyzed by CD38 to facilitate tumor progression, and blocking the enzymatic activity of CD38 could be represented as an important strategy for preventing tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Gao
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohong Du
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minmin Ge
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haijun Tang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenfeng Han
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbin Liu
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Shao
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Meng
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - F Xiao-Feng Qin
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Mustafa N, Nee AHF, Chooi JY, Toh SHM, Chung TH, Selvarajan V, Fan S, Ng SB, Poon M, Chan E, Lee J, Chee YL, Jeyasekharan AD, Zhou L, Yang J, Chng WJ. Determinants of response to daratumumab in Epstein-Barr virus-positive natural killer and T-cell lymphoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002123. [PMID: 34215687 PMCID: PMC8256838 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential therapeutic efficacy of daratumumab in natural killer T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) was highlighted when its off-label usage produced sustained remission in a patient with highly refractory disease. This is corroborated recently by a phase II clinical trial which established that daratumumab monotherapy is well tolerated and displayed encouraging response in relapsed/refractory NKTL patients. However, little is known regarding the molecular factors central to the induction and regulation of the daratumumab-mediated antitumor response in NKTL. Methods CD38 expression was studied via immunohistochemistry, multiplex immunofluorescence and correlated with clinical characteristics of the patient. The therapeutic efficacy of daratumumab was studied in vitro via CellTiter-Glo (CTG) assay, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC), and in vivo, via a patient-derived xenograft mouse model of NKTL, both as a single agent and in combination with L-asparaginase. Signaling mechanisms were characterized via pharmacologic treatment, RNA silencing, flow cytometry and corroborated with public transcriptomic data of NKTL. Results Epstein-Barr virus-positive NKTL patients significantly express CD38 with half exhibiting high expression. Daratumumab effectively triggers Fc-mediated ADCC and CDC in a CD38-dependent manner. Importantly, daratumumab monotherapy and combination therapy with L-asparaginase significantly suppresses tumor progression in vivo. Ablation of complement inhibitory proteins (CIP) demonstrate that CD55 and CD59, not CD46, are critical for the induction of CDC. Notably, CD55 and CD59 expression were significantly elevated in the late stages of NKTL. Increasing the CD38:CIP ratio through sequential CIP knockdown, followed by CD38 upregulation via All-Trans Retinoic Acid treatment, potently augments complement-mediated lysis in cells previously resistant to daratumumab. The CD38:CIP ratio consistently demonstrates a statistically superior correlation to antitumor efficacy of daratumumab than CD38 or CIP expression alone. Conclusion This study characterizes CD38 as an effective target for a subset of NKTL patients and the utilization of the CD38:CIP ratio as a more robust identifier for patient stratification and personalisation of treatment. Furthermore, elucidation of factors which sensitize the complement-mediated response provides an alternative approach toward optimizing therapeutic efficacy of daratumumab where CDC remains a known limiting factor. Altogether, these results propose a strategic rationale for further evaluation of single or combined daratumumab treatment in the clinic for NKTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulhuda Mustafa
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore .,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adina Huey Fang Nee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Yuan Chooi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sabrina Hui Min Toh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tae-Hoon Chung
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Viknesvaran Selvarajan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuangyi Fan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siok Bian Ng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Michelle Poon
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Esther Chan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Joanne Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yen Lin Chee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Longen Zhou
- Discovery Center, Janssen China R&D, Shanghai, China
| | - Jennifer Yang
- Discovery Center, Janssen China R&D, Shanghai, China
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
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169
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Rocha P, Salazar R, Zhang J, Ledesma D, Solorzano JL, Mino B, Villalobos P, Dejima H, Douse DY, Diao L, Mitchell KG, Le X, Zhang J, Weissferdt A, Parra-Cuentas E, Cascone T, Rice DC, Sepesi B, Kalhor N, Moran C, Vaporciyan A, Heymach J, Gibbons DL, Lee JJ, Kadara H, Wistuba I, Behrens C, Solis LM. CD73 expression defines immune, molecular, and clinicopathological subgroups of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:1965-1976. [PMID: 33416944 PMCID: PMC8195808 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD73 is a membrane-bound enzyme crucial in adenosine generation. The adenosinergic pathway plays a critical role in immunosuppression and in anti-tumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Here, we interrogated CD73 expression in a richly annotated cohort of human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its association with clinicopathological, immune, and molecular features to better understand the role of this immune marker in LUAD pathobiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Protein expression of CD73 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 106 archived LUADs from patients that underwent surgical treatment without neoadjuvant therapy. Total CD73 (T +) was calculated as the average of luminal (L +) and basolateral (BL +) percentage membrane expression scores for each LUAD and was used to classify tumors into three groups based on the extent of T CD73 expression (high, low, and negative). RESULTS CD73 expression was significantly and progressively increased across normal-appearing lung tissue, adenomatous atypical hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, and LUAD. In LUAD, BL CD73 expression was associated with an increase in PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and increase of tumor-associated immune cells. Stratification of LUADs based on T CD73 extent also revealed that tumors with high expression of this enzyme overall exhibited significantly elevated immune infiltration and PD-L1 protein expression. Immune profiling demonstrated that T-cell inflammation and adenosine signatures were significantly higher in CD73-expressing lung adenocarcinomas relative to those lacking CD73. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that higher CD73 expression is associated with an overall augmented host immune response, suggesting potential implications in the immune pathobiology of early stage lung adenocarcinoma. Our findings warrant further studies to explore the role of CD73 in immunotherapeutic response of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rocha
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Salazar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Comp Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debora Ledesma
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jose L Solorzano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pamela Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hitoshi Dejima
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dzifa Y Douse
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Comp Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle Gregory Mitchell
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiuning Le
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Edwin Parra-Cuentas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tina Cascone
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David C Rice
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neda Kalhor
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cesar Moran
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ara Vaporciyan
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Heymach
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Bioinformatics and Comp Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa Maren Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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van de Donk NWCJ, Themeli M, Usmani SZ. Determinants of response and mechanisms of resistance of CAR T-cell therapy in multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:302-318. [PMID: 34386775 PMCID: PMC8357299 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BCMA-specific CAR T-cells have substantial therapeutic potential in multiple myeloma (MM), but most patients eventually relapse. Determinants of response and mechanisms of resistance are most likely multifactorial and include MM-related factors, premanufacturing T-cell characteristics, CAR T-cell-related features, and several components of the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Efforts to improve the potency and safety of CAR T-cell therapy include optimizing CAR design, combinatorial approaches to enhance persistence and activity, treatment of less heavily pretreated patients, and dual-antigen targeting to prevent antigen escape. We expect that these rationally designed strategies will contribute to further improvement in the clinical outcome of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels W C J van de Donk
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Maria Themeli
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saad Z Usmani
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, North Carolina
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171
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Ding Z, He Y, Fu Y, Zhu N, Zhao M, Song Y, Huang X, Chen S, Yang Y, Zhang C, Hu Q, Ni Y, Ding L. CD38 Multi-Functionality in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Prognostic Implications, Immune Balance, and Immune Checkpoint. Front Oncol 2021; 11:687430. [PMID: 34211854 PMCID: PMC8239289 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.687430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD38 belongs to the ribosyl cyclase family and is expressed on various hematological cells and involved in immunosuppression and tumor promotion. Although targeting CD38 antibodies has been approved for treatment of multiple myeloma, the function of CD38 in solid tumor, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) etc., has not been investigated. Methods This retrospective study included 92 OSCC samples and analyzed the spatial distribution of CD38 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The values of diagnosis and prognosis of CD38 were evaluated. Additionally, 53 OSCC preoperative peripheral blood samples were used to be analyzed by flow cytometry. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and cBioPortal databases were used to study CD38 level in various tumors and its correlation with tumor immune microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Results CD38 ubiquitously presented in tumor cells (TCs), fibroblast-like cells (FLCs), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Patients with highly expressed CD38 in TCs (CD38TCs) had higher TNM stage and risk of lymph node metastasis. Upregulation of CD38 in FLCs (CD38FLCs) was significantly associated with poor WPOI. Escalated CD38 in TILs (CD38TILs) led to higher Ki-67 level of tumor cells. Moreover, patients with enhanced CD38TCs were susceptible to postoperative metastasis occurrence, and those with highly expressed CD38TILs independently predicted shorter overall and disease-free survival. Strikingly, patients with highly expressed CD38TILs, but not CD38TCs and CD38FLCs, had significantly lower CD3+CD4+ T cells and higher ratio of CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cells. The imbalance of immune system is attributed to dysregulated immune checkpoint molecules (VISTA, PD-1, LAG-3, CTLA-4, TIGIT, GITR) as well as particular immune cell subsets, which were positively correlated with CD38 expression in HNSCC. Conclusion CD38 is a poor prognostic biomarker for OSCC patients and plays a vital role in governing immune microenvironment and circulating lymphocyte homeostasis. Co-expression between CD38 and immune checkpoint molecules provides new insight into immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Ding
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijia He
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nisha Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengxiang Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxian Song
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingang Hu
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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172
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Zhou B, Gao Y, Zhang P, Chu Q. Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Blockades: The Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Strategies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:693609. [PMID: 34194441 PMCID: PMC8236848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune checkpoint blockade therapy has completely transformed cancer treatment modalities because of its unprecedented and durable clinical responses in various cancers. With the increasing use of immune checkpoint blockades in clinical practice, a large number of patients develop acquired resistance. However, the knowledge about acquired resistance to immune checkpoint blockades is limited and poorly summarized. In this review, we clarify the principal elements of acquired resistance to immune checkpoint blockades. The definition of acquired resistance is heterogeneous among groups or societies, but the expert consensus of The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer can be referred. Oligo-progression is the main pattern of acquired resistance. Acquired resistance can be derived from the selection of resistant cancer cell clones that exist in the tumor mass before therapeutic intervention or gradual acquisition in the sensitive cancer cells. Specifically, tumor intrinsic mechanisms include neoantigen depletion, defects in antigen presentation machinery, aberrations of interferon signaling, tumor-induced exclusion/immunosuppression, and tumor cell plasticity. Tumor extrinsic mechanisms include upregulation of other immune checkpoints. Presently, a set of treatment modalities is applied to patients with similar clinical characteristics or resistance mechanisms for overcoming acquired resistance, and hence, further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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173
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Li J, Huang HH, Tu B, Zhou MJ, Hu W, Fu YL, Li XY, Yang T, Song JW, Fan X, Jiao YM, Xu RN, Zhang JY, Zhou CB, Yuan JH, Zhen C, Shi M, Wang FS, Zhang C. Reversal of the CD8 + T-Cell Exhaustion Induced by Chronic HIV-1 Infection Through Combined Blockade of the Adenosine and PD-1 Pathways. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687296. [PMID: 34177939 PMCID: PMC8222537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting immune checkpoints for HIV treatment potentially provides a double benefit resulting from the ability to restore viral-specific CD8+ T-cell functions and enhance HIV production from reservoir cells. Despite promising pre-clinical data, PD-1 blockade alone in HIV-1-infected patients with advanced cancer has shown limited benefits in controlling HIV, suggesting the need for additional targets beyond PD-1. CD39 and PD-1 are highly co-expressed on CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 infection. However, the characteristics of CD39 and PD-1 dual-positive CD8+ T-cell subsets in chronic HIV-1 infection remain poorly understood. Methods This study enrolled 72 HIV-1-infected patients, including 40 treatment naïve and 32 ART patients. A total of 11 healthy individuals were included as controls. Different subsets of CD8+ T cells defined by CD39 and/or PD-1 expression were studied by flow cytometry. The relationships between the frequencies of the different subsets and parameters indicating HIV-1 disease progression were analyzed. Functional (i.e., cytokine secretion, viral inhibition) assays were performed to evaluate the impact of the blockade of adenosine and/or PD-1 signaling on CD8+ T cells. Results The proportions of PD-1+, CD39+, and PD-1+CD39+ CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in treatment naïve patients but were partially lowered in patients on antiretroviral therapy. In treatment naïve patients, the proportions of PD-1+CD39+ CD8+ T cells were negatively correlated with CD4+ T-cell counts and the CD4/CD8 ratio, and were positively correlated with viral load. CD39+CD8+ T cells expressed high levels of the A2A adenosine receptor and were more sensitive to 2-chloroadenosine-mediated functional inhibition than their CD39- counterparts. In vitro, a combination of blocking CD39/adenosine and PD-1 signaling showed a synergic effect in restoring CD8+ T-cell function, as evidenced by enhanced abilities to secrete functional cytokines and to kill autologous reservoir cells. Conclusion In patients with chronic HIV-1 infection there are increased frequencies of PD-1+, CD39+, and PD-1+CD39+ CD8+ T cells. In treatment naïve patients, the frequencies of PD-1+CD39+ CD8+ T cells are negatively correlated with CD4+ T-cell counts and the CD4/CD8 ratio and positively correlated with viral load. Combined blockade of CD39/adenosine and PD-1 signaling in vitro may exert a synergistic effect in restoring CD8+ T-cell function in HIV-1-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Huang Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Tu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Ju Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Long Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Bao Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
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Abstract
In this review, Shen and Kang provide an overview of the tumor-intrinsic and microenvironment- and treatment-induced stresses that tumor cells encounter in the metastatic cascade and the molecular pathways they develop to relieve these stresses. Metastasis is the ultimate “survival of the fittest” test for cancer cells, as only a small fraction of disseminated tumor cells can overcome the numerous hurdles they encounter during the transition from the site of origin to a distinctly different distant organ in the face of immune and therapeutic attacks and various other stresses. During cancer progression, tumor cells develop a variety of mechanisms to cope with the stresses they encounter, and acquire the ability to form metastases. Restraining these stress-releasing pathways could serve as potentially effective strategies to prevent or reduce metastasis and improve the survival of cancer patients. Here, we provide an overview of the tumor-intrinsic, microenvironment- and treatment-induced stresses that tumor cells encounter in the metastatic cascade and the molecular pathways they develop to relieve these stresses. We also summarize the preclinical and clinical studies that evaluate the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting these stress-relieving pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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175
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Nasarre P, Garcia DI, Siegel JB, Bonilla IV, Mukherjee R, Hilliard E, Chakraborty P, Nasarre C, Yustein JT, Lang M, Jaffa AA, Mehrotra S, Klauber-DeMore N. Overcoming PD-1 Inhibitor Resistance with a Monoclonal Antibody to Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 2 in Metastatic Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112696. [PMID: 34070758 PMCID: PMC8199140 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) promotes the migration/invasion of metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) cells and tube formation by endothelial cells. However, its function on T-cells is unknown. We hypothesized that blocking SFRP2 with a humanized monoclonal antibody (hSFRP2 mAb) can restore immunity by reducing CD38 and PD-1 levels, ultimately overcoming resistance to PD-1 inhibitors. Treating two metastatic murine OS cell lines in vivo, RF420 and RF577, with hSFRP2 mAb alone led to a significant reduction in the number of lung metastases, compared to IgG1 control treatment. While PD-1 mAb alone had minimal effect, hSFRP2 mAb combination with PD-1 mAb had an additive antimetastatic effect. This effect was accompanied by lower SFRP2 levels in serum, lower CD38 levels in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and T-cells, and lower PD-1 levels in T-cells. In vitro data confirmed that SFRP2 promotes NFATc3, CD38 and PD-1 expression in T-cells, while hSFRP2 mAb treatment counteracts these effects and increases NAD+ levels. hSFRP2 mAb treatment further rescued the suppression of T-cell proliferation by tumor cells in a co-culture model. Finally, hSFRP2 mAb induced apoptosis in RF420 and RF577 OS cells but not in T-cells. Thus, hSFRP2 mAb therapy could potentially overcome PD-1 inhibitor resistance in metastatic osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nasarre
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Denise I. Garcia
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Julie B. Siegel
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Ingrid V. Bonilla
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Eleanor Hilliard
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Cécile Nasarre
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Department of Pediatrics, The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center at the Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Margaret Lang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Aneese A. Jaffa
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Nancy Klauber-DeMore
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (P.N.); (D.I.G.); (J.B.S.); (I.V.B.); (R.M.); (E.H.); (P.C.); (M.L.); (A.A.J.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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176
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Joher N, Matignon M, Grimbert P. HLA Desensitization in Solid Organ Transplantation: Anti-CD38 to Across the Immunological Barriers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688301. [PMID: 34093594 PMCID: PMC8173048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of anti-human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies in the potential solid organ transplant recipient's blood is one of the main barriers to access to a transplantation. The HLA sensitization is associated with longer waitlist time, antibody mediated rejection and transplant lost leading to increased recipient's morbidity and mortality. However, solid organ transplantation across the HLA immunological barriers have been reported in recipients who were highly sensitized to HLA using desensitization protocols. These desensitization regimens are focused on the reduction of circulating HLA antibodies. Despite those strategies improve rates of transplantation, it remains several limitations including persistent high rejection rate and worse long-term outcomes when compare with non-sensitized recipient population. Currently, interest is growing in the development of new desensitization approaches which, beyond targeting antibodies, would be based on the modulation of alloimmune pathways. Plasma cells appears as an interesting target given their critical role in antibody production. In the last decade, CD38-targeting immunotherapies, such as daratumumab, have been recognized as a key component in the treatment of myeloma by inducing an important plasma cell depletion. This review focuses on an emerging concept based on targeting CD38 to desensitize in the field of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Joher
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor, Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (Innovative Therapy for Immune Disorders), Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Créteil UPEC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale IMRB, Équipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Marie Matignon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor, Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (Innovative Therapy for Immune Disorders), Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Créteil UPEC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale IMRB, Équipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Grimbert
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor, Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (Innovative Therapy for Immune Disorders), Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Créteil UPEC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale IMRB, Équipe 21, Créteil, France
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177
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Peng DH, Rodriguez BL, Diao L, Gaudreau PO, Padhye A, Konen JM, Ochieng JK, Class CA, Fradette JJ, Gibson L, Chen L, Wang J, Byers LA, Gibbons DL. Th17 cells contribute to combination MEK inhibitor and anti-PD-L1 therapy resistance in KRAS/p53 mutant lung cancers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2606. [PMID: 33972557 PMCID: PMC8110980 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding resistance mechanisms to targeted therapies and immune checkpoint blockade in mutant KRAS lung cancers is critical to developing novel combination therapies and improving patient survival. Here, we show that MEK inhibition enhanced PD-L1 expression while PD-L1 blockade upregulated MAPK signaling in mutant KRAS lung tumors. Combined MEK inhibition with anti-PD-L1 synergistically reduced lung tumor growth and metastasis, but tumors eventually developed resistance to sustained combinatorial therapy. Multi-platform profiling revealed that resistant lung tumors have increased infiltration of Th17 cells, which secrete IL-17 and IL-22 cytokines to promote lung cancer cell invasiveness and MEK inhibitor resistance. Antibody depletion of IL-17A in combination with MEK inhibition and PD-L1 blockade markedly reduced therapy-resistance in vivo. Clinically, increased expression of Th17-associated genes in patients treated with PD-1 blockade predicted poorer overall survival and response in melanoma and predicated poorer response to anti-PD1 in NSCLC patients. Here we show a triple combinatorial therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance to combined MEK inhibitor and PD-L1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Peng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, Smilow Building 10th Floor, Suite 1010, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Leticia Rodriguez
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Thoracic & Upper GI Cancer Research Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aparna Padhye
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica M Konen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joshua K Ochieng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caleb A Class
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jared J Fradette
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Gibson
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Limo Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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178
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Ozawa Y, Hicks KC, Minnar CM, Knudson KM, Schlom J, Gameiro SR. Analysis of the tumor microenvironment and anti-tumor efficacy of subcutaneous vs systemic delivery of the bifunctional agent bintrafusp alfa. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1915561. [PMID: 33996267 PMCID: PMC8096334 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1915561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), including immune checkpoint inhibitor MAbs, are delivered intravenously (i.v.) to patients. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that some anti-PD1 MAbs may also be delivered subcutaneously (s.c.), with clinical outcomes similar of those obtained with i.v.-delivered agents. Bintrafusp alfa, a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of the human transforming growth factor β receptor II (TGF-βRII or TGF-β “trap”) fused to the heavy chain of an IgG1 antibody blocking programmed death ligand 1 (anti-PDL1), was designed to target two key immunosuppressive pathways in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Bintrafusp alfa is currently being administered i.v. in clinical studies. The studies reported here demonstrate that systemic or s.c. delivery of bintrafusp alfa, each administered at five different doses, induces similar anti-tumor effects in breast and colorectal carcinoma models. An interrogation of the TME for CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) and granulocytic (G) MDSCs showed similar levels and phenotype of each cell subset when bintrafusp alfa was given systemically or s.c. Subcutaneous administration of bintrafusp alfa also sequestered TGFβ in the periphery at similar levels seen with systemic delivery. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive preclinical evaluation of any checkpoint inhibitor MAb given s.c. vs systemically, and the first to demonstrate this phenomenon using a bifunctional agent. These studies provide preclinical rationale to explore s.c. approaches for bintrafusp alfa in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ozawa
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin C Hicks
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christine M Minnar
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karin M Knudson
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sofia R Gameiro
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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179
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Venkatachalam S, McFarland TR, Agarwal N, Swami U. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092187. [PMID: 34063238 PMCID: PMC8125096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic prostate cancer is an incurable disease with limited treatment options. Immunotherapy has demonstrated significant success in multiple cancer types but efforts to harness its benefit in prostate cancer have so far largely been unsuccessful. In this review, we analyze the preclinical rationale for the use of immunotherapy and underlying barriers preventing responses to it. We summarize clinical studies evaluating checkpoint inhibitors in prostate cancer. In the end, we review ongoing trials exploring combination immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with other agents with the intent to modulate the immune system to improve treatment outcomes. Abstract Metastatic prostate cancer is a lethal disease with limited treatment options. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically changed the treatment landscape of multiple cancer types but have met with limited success in prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss the preclinical studies providing the rationale for the use of immunotherapy in prostate cancer and underlying biological barriers inhibiting their activity. We discuss the predictors of response to immunotherapy in prostate cancer. We summarize studies evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitors either as a single agent or in combination with other checkpoint inhibitors or with other agents such as inhibitors of androgen axis, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), radium-223, radiotherapy, cryotherapy, tumor vaccines, chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. We thereafter review future directions including the combination of immune checkpoint blockade with inhibitors of adenosine axis, bispecific T cell engagers, PSMA directed therapies, adoptive T-cell therapy, and multiple other miscellaneous agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobi Venkatachalam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nazareth Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19152, USA;
| | - Taylor R. McFarland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (T.R.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (T.R.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Umang Swami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (T.R.M.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-801-213-8439
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180
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Pezeshki PS, Eskian M, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N. Immune checkpoint inhibition in classical hodgkin lymphoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:1003-1016. [PMID: 33857395 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1918548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) accounts for 10% of lymphoma cases every year. HL is often curable by conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, in case of relapsed or refractory HL (r/r HL) after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT), few treatment options are currently available. Blockade of the immune checkpoint receptors, programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) expressed on T-cells, and their ligands expressed on tumor-associated antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg (HRS) cells can remove inhibitory signals from anti-tumor T cells. Checkpoint blockade using monoclonal antibodies could be a potential treatment. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab are approved antibodies for the treatment of r/r HL.Areas covered: This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of checkpoint inhibitors in HL treatment, including the most important clinical trials with mono- or combination therapies as a first or second-line treatment of HL.Expert opinion: Relatively high response rates and an acceptable safety profile of checkpoint inhibitors make them an effective therapy for HL. The combination of checkpoint inhibition with other conventional cancer treatments and identifying the mechanisms responsible for resistance to checkpoint inhibition may improve the efficacy and safety of this immunotherapy, and enhance patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmida Sadat Pezeshki
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Eskian
- Neuroimaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Neuroimaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein South Africa
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Neuroimaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran Iran
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181
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Guo HF, Bota-Rabassedas N, Terajima M, Leticia Rodriguez B, Gibbons DL, Chen Y, Banerjee P, Tsai CL, Tan X, Liu X, Yu J, Tokmina-Roszyk M, Stawikowska R, Fields GB, Miller MD, Wang X, Lee J, Dalby KN, Creighton CJ, Phillips GN, Tainer JA, Yamauchi M, Kurie JM. A collagen glucosyltransferase drives lung adenocarcinoma progression in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:482. [PMID: 33875777 PMCID: PMC8055892 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are a major source of enzymes that modify collagen to create a stiff, fibrotic tumor stroma. High collagen lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) expression promotes metastasis and is correlated with shorter survival in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and other tumor types. LH2 hydroxylates lysine (Lys) residues on fibrillar collagen's amino- and carboxy-terminal telopeptides to create stable collagen cross-links. Here, we show that electrostatic interactions between the LH domain active site and collagen determine the unique telopeptidyl lysyl hydroxylase (tLH) activity of LH2. However, CRISPR/Cas-9-mediated inactivation of tLH activity does not fully recapitulate the inhibitory effect of LH2 knock out on LUAD growth and metastasis in mice, suggesting that LH2 drives LUAD progression, in part, through a tLH-independent mechanism. Protein homology modeling and biochemical studies identify an LH2 isoform (LH2b) that has previously undetected collagen galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase (GGT) activity determined by a loop that enhances UDP-glucose-binding in the GLT active site and is encoded by alternatively spliced exon 13 A. CRISPR/Cas-9-mediated deletion of exon 13 A sharply reduces the growth and metastasis of LH2b-expressing LUADs in mice. These findings identify a previously unrecognized collagen GGT activity that drives LUAD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Fu Guo
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neus Bota-Rabassedas
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Masahiko Terajima
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - B Leticia Rodriguez
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yulong Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priyam Banerjee
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chi-Lin Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaochao Tan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michal Tokmina-Roszyk
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH) and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Roma Stawikowska
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH) and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH) and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juhoon Lee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Targeted Therapeutic Drug Discovery and Development Program, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Targeted Therapeutic Drug Discovery and Development Program, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George N Phillips
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John A Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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182
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Data mining of immune-related prognostic genes in metastatic melanoma microenvironment. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226920. [PMID: 33169786 PMCID: PMC7685010 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is one of the most deadly malignancies. Although immunotherapies showed the potential to improve the prognosis for metastatic melanoma patients, only a small group of patients can benefit from it. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the tumor microenvironment in melanoma as well as to identify efficient biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatments of SKCM patients. A comprehensive analysis was performed based on metastatic melanoma samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and ESTIMATE algorithm, including gene expression, immune and stromal scores, prognostic immune‐related genes, infiltrating immune cells analysis and immune subtype identification. Then, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained based on the immune and stromal scores, and a list of prognostic immune‐related genes was identified. Functional analysis and the protein–protein interaction network revealed that these genes enriched in multiple immune-related biological processes. Furthermore, prognostic genes were verified in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and used to predict immune infiltrating cells component. Our study revealed seven immune subtypes with different risk values and identified T cells as the most abundant cells in the immune microenvironment and closely associated with prognostic outcomes. In conclusion, the present study thoroughly analyzed the tumor microenvironment and identified prognostic immune‐related biomarkers for metastatic melanoma.
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183
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Lou Q, Zhao M, Xu Q, Xie S, Liang Y, Chen J, Yuan L, Wang L, Jiang L, Mou L, Lin D, Zhao M. Retinoic Acid Inhibits Tumor-Associated Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Transformation in Melanoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658757. [PMID: 33889575 PMCID: PMC8055950 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) can be transformed into tumor-associated MSCs (TA-MSCs) within the tumor microenvironment to facilitate tumor progression. However, the underline mechanism and potential therapeutic strategy remain unclear. Here, we explored that interleukin 17 (IL-17) cooperating with IFNγ transforms BMSCs into TA-MSCs, which promotes tumor progression by recruiting macrophages/monocytes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in murine melanoma. IL-17 and IFNγ transformed TA-MSCs have high expression levels of myelocyte-recruiting chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, and CCL20) mediated by activated NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, retinoic acid inhibits NF-κB signaling, decreases chemokine expression, and suppresses the tumor-promoting function of transformed TA-MSCs by prohibiting the recruitment of macrophages/monocytes and MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment. Overall, our findings demonstrate that IL-17 collaborating with IFNγ to induce TA-MSC transformation, which can be targeted by RA for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lou
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Lansi Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minyi Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Quanhui Xu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Xie
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Liang
- Shenzhen Lansi Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Linjia Jiang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongjun Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Lansi Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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184
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Frosch J, Leontari I, Anderson J. Combined Effects of Myeloid Cells in the Neuroblastoma Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1743. [PMID: 33917501 PMCID: PMC8038814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite multimodal treatment, survival chances for high-risk neuroblastoma patients remain poor. Immunotherapeutic approaches focusing on the activation and/or modification of host immunity for eliminating tumor cells, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, are currently in development, however clinical trials have failed to reproduce the preclinical results. The tumor microenvironment is emerging as a major contributor to immune suppression and tumor evasion in solid cancers and thus has to be overcome for therapies relying on a functional immune response. Among the cellular components of the neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment, suppressive myeloid cells have been described as key players in inhibition of antitumor immune responses and have been shown to positively correlate with more aggressive disease, resistance to treatments, and overall poor prognosis. This review article summarizes how neuroblastoma-driven inflammation induces suppressive myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment and how they in turn sustain the tumor niche through suppressor functions, such as nutrient depletion and generation of oxidative stress. Numerous preclinical studies have suggested a range of drug and cellular therapy approaches to overcome myeloid-derived suppression in neuroblastoma that warrant evaluation in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Anderson
- UCL Institute of Child Health, Developmental Biology and Cancer Section, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (J.F.); (I.L.)
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185
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Le X, Negrao MV, Reuben A, Federico L, Diao L, McGrail D, Nilsson M, Robichaux J, Munoz IG, Patel S, Elamin Y, Fan YH, Lee WC, Parra E, Solis Soto LM, Chen R, Li J, Karpinets T, Khairullah R, Kadara H, Behrens C, Sepesi B, Wang R, Zhu M, Wang L, Vaporciyan A, Roth J, Swisher S, Haymaker C, Zhang J, Wang J, Wong KK, Byers LA, Bernatchez C, Zhang J, Wistuba II, Gibbons DL, Akbay EA, Heymach JV. Characterization of the Immune Landscape of EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Identifies CD73/Adenosine Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:583-600. [PMID: 33388477 PMCID: PMC11160459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung adenocarcinomas harboring EGFR mutations do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade therapy and their EGFR wildtype counterpart. The mechanisms underlying this lack of clinical response have been investigated but remain incompletely understood. METHODS We analyzed three cohorts of resected lung adenocarcinomas (Profiling of Resistance Patterns of Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Evaluation of Cancer of Thorax, Immune Genomic Profiling of NSCLC, and The Cancer Genome Atlas) and compared tumor immune microenvironment of EGFR-mutant tumors to EGFR wildtype tumors, to identify actionable regulators to target and potentially enhance the treatment response. RESULTS EGFR-mutant NSCLC exhibited low programmed death-ligand 1, low tumor mutational burden, decreased number of cytotoxic T cells, and low T cell receptor clonality, consistent with an immune-inert phenotype, though T cell expansion ex vivo was preserved. In an analysis of 75 immune checkpoint genes, the top up-regulated genes in the EGFR-mutant tumors (NT5E and ADORA1) belonged to the CD73/adenosine pathway. Single-cell analysis revealed that the tumor cell population expressed CD73, both in the treatment-naive and resistant tumors. Using coculture systems with EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells, T regulatory cell proportion was decreased with CD73 knockdown. In an immune-competent mouse model of EGFR-mutant lung cancer, the CD73/adenosine pathway was markedly up-regulated and CD73 blockade significantly inhibited tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Our work revealed that EGFR-mutant NSCLC has an immune-inert phenotype. We identified the CD73/adenosine pathway as a potential therapeutic target for EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuning Le
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marcelo V Negrao
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lorenzo Federico
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Basic Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel McGrail
- Department of System Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Monique Nilsson
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jacqulyne Robichaux
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Irene Guijarro Munoz
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sonia Patel
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yasir Elamin
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - You-Hong Fan
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Won-Chul Lee
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Edwin Parra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Luisa Maren Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Runzhe Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tatiana Karpinets
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roohussaba Khairullah
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mingrui Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ara Vaporciyan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen Swisher
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Esra A Akbay
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Meric-Bernstam F, Larkin J, Tabernero J, Bonini C. Enhancing anti-tumour efficacy with immunotherapy combinations. Lancet 2021; 397:1010-1022. [PMID: 33285141 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several tumour types are responsive to immunotherapy, as shown by regulatory approvals for immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, many patients either do not respond or do not have durable clinical benefit. Thus, there is great interest in developing predictors of response to immunotherapy and rational combination therapies that can enhance efficacy by overcoming primary and acquired resistance. In this Review, we provide an assessment of immunotherapy response biomarkers that can identify patients who will benefit from monotherapy rather than from combinations. We review the rationale for combination therapy and different strategies, including combinations with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, intratumoural therapies, other immunomodulators, and adaptive cell therapy, including chimeric antigen T-cell receptors and other novel T-cell receptor-based therapies. There are many combination partners in development; therefore, a programmatic approach is needed to develop a framework for biomarker-driven combination therapy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - James Larkin
- Cancer Services, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Experimental Hematology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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187
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Guo C, Crespo M, Gurel B, Dolling D, Rekowski J, Sharp A, Petremolo A, Sumanasuriya S, Rodrigues DN, Ferreira A, Pereira R, Figueiredo I, Mehra N, Lambros MBK, Neeb A, Gil V, Seed G, Terstappen L, Alimonti A, Drake CG, Yuan W, de Bono JS. CD38 in Advanced Prostate Cancers. Eur Urol 2021; 79:736-746. [PMID: 33678520 PMCID: PMC8175332 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background CD38, a druggable ectoenzyme, is involved in the generation of adenosine, which is implicated in tumour immune evasion. Its expression and role in prostate tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) have not been elucidated. Objective To characterise CD38 expression on prostate cancer (PC) epithelial cells and TIICs, and to associate this expression with clinical outcomes. Design, setting, and participants RNAseq from 159 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in the International Stand Up To Cancer/Prostate Cancer Foundation (SU2C/PCF) cohort and 171 mCRPC samples taken from 63 patients in the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre cohort were analysed. CD38 expression was immunohistochemically scored by a validated assay on 51 castration-resistant PC (CRPC) and matching, same-patient castration-sensitive PC (CSPC) biopsies obtained between 2016 and 2018, and was associated with retrospectively collected clinical data. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis mCRPC transcriptomes were analysed for associations between CD38 expression and gene expression signatures. Multiplex immunofluorescence determined CD38 expression in PC biopsies. Differences in CD38+ TIIC densities between CSPC and CRPC biopsies were analysed using a negative binomial mixed model. Differences in the proportions of CD38+ epithelial cells between non-matched benign prostatic epithelium and PC were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Differences in the proportions of biopsies containing CD38+ tumour epithelial cells between matched CSPC and CRPC biopsies were compared by McNemar’s test. Univariable and multivariable survival analyses were performed using Cox regression models. Results and limitations CD38 mRNA expression in mCRPC was most significantly associated with upregulated immune signalling pathways. CD38 mRNA expression was associated with interleukin (IL)-12, IL-23, and IL-27 signalling signatures as well as immunosuppressive adenosine signalling and T cell exhaustion signatures. CD38 protein was frequently expressed on phenotypically diverse TIICs including B cells and myeloid cells, but largely absent from tumour epithelial cells. CD38+ TIIC density increased with progression to CRPC and was independently associated with worse overall survival. Future studies are required to dissect TIIC CD38 function. Conclusions CD38+ prostate TIICs associate with worse survival and immunosuppressive mechanisms. The role of CD38 in PC progression warrants investigation as insights into its functions may provide rationale for CD38 targeting in lethal PC. Patient summary CD38 is expressed on the surface of white blood cells surrounding PC cells. These cells may impact PC growth and treatment resistance. Patients with PC with more CD38-expressing white blood cells are more likely to die earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Guo
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Bora Gurel
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | - Adam Sharp
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Semini Sumanasuriya
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Daniel N Rodrigues
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Niven Mehra
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Antje Neeb
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - George Seed
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK.
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188
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Su D, Wu G, Xiong R, Sun X, Xu M, Mei Y, Wu X. Tumor Immune Microenvironment Characteristics and Their Prognostic Value in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:634059. [PMID: 33747957 PMCID: PMC7966704 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.634059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer progression is determined not only by the malignant behavior of tumors but also by the immune microenvironment. The tumor immune microenvironment also plays a pivotal role in determining the clinical response of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to immunotherapies. To understand the possible mechanisms and explore new targets in lung cancer immunotherapy, we characterized the immune profiles in NSCLC patients. Methods Seventy-one NSCLC patients who underwent radical resection were selected. The immune cell composition in paired tumor and adjacent normal lung tissues was tested by flow cytometry. The associations of tumor immune microenvironment characteristics with clinicopathological factors and overall survival were analyzed. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine differences in survival. Results Compared with adjacent normal lung tissues, an increased proportion of CD45+ hematopoietic-derived cells, CD4+ T cell subtypes, Tregs and B cells was observed in tumor samples with a reduced frequency of myeloid cell populations. There was no significant increase in total CD8+ T cells, but both PD1+ and CD38+ CD8+ T cells were significantly enriched in tumor samples and statistically significantly associated with tumor size. In addition, positive CD38 expression was highly correlated with PD1 positivity. A high proportion of CD8+ T cells and a low percentage of PD1+ CD8+ T cells were statistically significantly associated with better survival in stage II and III patients, whereas a low frequency of CD38+ CD8+ T cells was statistically significantly associated with better survival in all patients and identified as an independent prognostic factor (p=0.049). Conclusion We profiled the immune cells in the tumor tissues of NSCLC patients using flow cytometry. The results revealed significant enrichment of infiltrating immune cells. A strong correlation was identified between CD38 and PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells in tumors. CD8+ T cells and their subtypes play a critical role in the prediction of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Su
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gao Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangxiang Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Meiqing Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yide Mei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xianning Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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189
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Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes and plasma cells in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2021; 28:904-914. [PMID: 33629216 PMCID: PMC8213582 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent investigations have demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), is an important factor in tumor growth and development. While the prognostic correlation of tumor-infiltrating T cells has been widely studied in breast cancer, that of tumor-infiltrating B cells and plasma cells has not received so much attention, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods We investigated 114 patients with TNBC who had surgery between 2006 and 2019 at Dokkyo Medical University Hospital. Intratumoral (i) TILs were considered to be lymphocytes within cancer cell nests and directly infiltrating tumor cells. Similarly, stromal (s) TILs were considered to be lymphocytes within the tumor stroma, but not directly infiltrating tumor cells. CD20 + , CD38 + and CD138 + staining was determined by estimating the number of positive B cells. Results sCD20 + TILs had prognostic significance for relapse-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.043) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.027). The sCD38 + TILs were significantly related to favorable RFS (p = 0.042). iCD38, iCD138, and sCD138 was not significantly correlated with RFS (p = 0.065, p = 0.719, p = 0.074) or OS (p = 0.071, p = 0.689, p = 0.082). Conclusions The present study demonstrated that a high density of sCD20 + TILs was significantly related to favorable prognosis in both RFS and OS. Increased sCD38 + TILs in TNBC were correlated with a significantly favorable prognosis in RFS. These results indicate that TILs–B may have a profound influence on the clinical outcome of TNBC.
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190
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Malavasi F, Faini AC, Morandi F, Castella B, Incarnato D, Oliviero S, Horenstein AL, Massaia M, van de Donk NWCJ, Richardson PG. Molecular dynamics of targeting CD38 in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2021; 193:581-591. [PMID: 33570193 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple functions of CD38 need exploring to expand clinical application of anti-CD38 antibodies in multiple myeloma (MM). We investigated membrane dynamics of MM cells and subsequent events when CD38 is targeted by therapeutic antibodies. Human MM cells (BF01) were co-cultured in vitro with therapeutic antibody (or control immunoglobulin G) and analysed using gene expression profiling. Microvesicles from antibody-exposed cells were analysed for differential gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression, and for phenotypic characterisation. Exposure of BF01 cells to anti-CD38 antibody resulted in CD38 membrane redistribution, upregulation of metabolism-related genes and downregulation of genes involved in cell cycle processes. Microvesicles derived from antibody-exposed cells showed increased CD73 and CD39 expression, presence of programmed death-ligand 1 and significant up-/down-modulation of miRNAs. Microvesicles accumulated around immunoglobulin Fc receptor-positive (FcR+ ) cells. Upon internalisation, natural killer cells displayed significantly increased expression of genes related to activation and immune response, and downregulation of genes involved in the cell cycle. Cells may use microvesicles to transmit signals distally as part of a survival strategy. Microvesicles are equipped on their surface with enzymatic machinery leading to production of tolerogenic adenosine. Further, they are internalised in FcR+ cells with significant functional modifications. These observations have relevance for improving anti-CD38 therapeutic antibodies through targeting this mechanism and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo C Faini
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Morandi
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Barbara Castella
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Biologia Molecolare (CIRBM), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Danny Incarnato
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, and Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, and Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM) Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto L Horenstein
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Laboratorio di Immunologia dei Tumori del Sangue (LITS), Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca in Biologia Molecolare (CIRBM), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Niels W C J van de Donk
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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191
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Litchfield K, Reading JL, Puttick C, Thakkar K, Abbosh C, Bentham R, Watkins TBK, Rosenthal R, Biswas D, Rowan A, Lim E, Al Bakir M, Turati V, Guerra-Assunção JA, Conde L, Furness AJS, Saini SK, Hadrup SR, Herrero J, Lee SH, Van Loo P, Enver T, Larkin J, Hellmann MD, Turajlic S, Quezada SA, McGranahan N, Swanton C. Meta-analysis of tumor- and T cell-intrinsic mechanisms of sensitization to checkpoint inhibition. Cell 2021; 184:596-614.e14. [PMID: 33508232 PMCID: PMC7933824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) augment adaptive immunity. Systematic pan-tumor analyses may reveal the relative importance of tumor-cell-intrinsic and microenvironmental features underpinning CPI sensitization. Here, we collated whole-exome and transcriptomic data for >1,000 CPI-treated patients across seven tumor types, utilizing standardized bioinformatics workflows and clinical outcome criteria to validate multivariable predictors of CPI sensitization. Clonal tumor mutation burden (TMB) was the strongest predictor of CPI response, followed by total TMB and CXCL9 expression. Subclonal TMB, somatic copy alteration burden, and histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) evolutionary divergence failed to attain pan-cancer significance. Dinucleotide variants were identified as a source of immunogenic epitopes associated with radical amino acid substitutions and enhanced peptide hydrophobicity/immunogenicity. Copy-number analysis revealed two additional determinants of CPI outcome supported by prior functional evidence: 9q34 (TRAF2) loss associated with response and CCND1 amplification associated with resistance. Finally, single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of clonal neoantigen-reactive CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), combined with bulk RNA-seq analysis of CPI-responding tumors, identified CCR5 and CXCL13 as T-cell-intrinsic markers of CPI sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Litchfield
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - James L Reading
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Clare Puttick
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Krupa Thakkar
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Chris Abbosh
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Robert Bentham
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Thomas B K Watkins
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rachel Rosenthal
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Dhruva Biswas
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andrew Rowan
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Emilia Lim
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Maise Al Bakir
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Virginia Turati
- Stem Cell Group, Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - José Afonso Guerra-Assunção
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lucia Conde
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrew J S Furness
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Sunil Kumar Saini
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sine R Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Javier Herrero
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Peter Van Loo
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Tariq Enver
- Stem Cell Group, Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - James Larkin
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Matthew D Hellmann
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, and Parker Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, 885 2nd Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Samra Turajlic
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK; Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Hematology, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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192
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Immune Therapy Resistance and Immune Escape of Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030551. [PMID: 33535559 PMCID: PMC7867077 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The genetic adaptability of malignant cells and their consequent heterogeneity even within the same patient poses a great obstacle to cancer patient treatment. This review summarizes the data obtained in the last decade on different preclinical mice models as well as on various immunotherapeutic clinical trials in distinct solid and hematopoietic cancers on how the immune system can be implemented in tumor therapy. Moreover, the different intrinsic and extrinsic escape strategies utilized by the tumor to avoid elimination by the immune system are recapitulated together with the different approaches proposed to overcome them in order to succeed and/or to enhance therapy efficacy. Abstract Immune therapy approaches such as checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive cell therapy represent promising therapeutic options for cancer patients, but their efficacy is still limited, since patients frequently develop innate or acquired resistances to these therapies. Thus, one major goal is to increase the efficiency of immunotherapies by overcoming tumor-induced immune suppression, which then allows for immune-mediated tumor clearance. Innate resistance to immunotherapies could be caused by a low immunogenicity of the tumor itself as well as an immune suppressive microenvironment composed of cellular, physical, or soluble factors leading to escape from immune surveillance and disease progression. So far, a number of strategies causing resistance to immunotherapy have been described in various clinical trials, which broadly overlap with the immunoediting processes of cancers. This review summarizes the novel insights in the development of resistances to immune therapy as well as different approaches that could be employed to overcome them.
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193
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Wei Y, Xiao X, Lao XM, Zheng L, Kuang DM. Immune landscape and therapeutic strategies: new insights into PD-L1 in tumors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:867-887. [PMID: 32940722 PMCID: PMC11072479 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PD-1/PD-L1 axis represents an important target for renormalizing and resetting anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients. Currently, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy has been applied in a broad spectrum of tumors and has yielded durable remission in patients. However, how to further broaden the application, guide personalized therapeutic strategies, and improve clinical responses remains a vital task. At present, PD-L1 expression is an important parameter of clinical indications for immune checkpoint blockade in many types of cancers, a strategy based on the supposition that positive PD-L1 expression reflects local T cell response. Recent studies have revealed that PD-L1 expression is regulated by multiple layers of complicated factors, during which the host immune microenvironment exerts a pivotal role and determines the clinical efficacy of the therapy. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on PD-1/PD-L1 in cancer, focusing on how local immune landscape participates in the regulation of PD-L1 expression and modification. Importantly, we will also discuss these topics in the context of clinical treatment and analyze how these fundamental principles might inspire our efforts to develop more precise and effective immune therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wei
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Cancer Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiang-Ming Lao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Limin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dong-Ming Kuang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Pillai RN, Ramalingam SS, Thayu M, Lorenzini P, Alvarez Arias DA, Moy C, Hutnick N, Knoblauch R, Feng H, Kane C, Horn L, Reck M, Ponce S. Daratumumab Plus Atezolizumab in Previously Treated Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC: Brief Report on a Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 1b/2 Study (LUC2001 JNJ-54767414). JTO Clin Res Rep 2021; 2:100104. [PMID: 34589982 PMCID: PMC8474375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2020.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor atezolizumab improves progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with previously treated advanced NSCLC. Preclinical studies indicate that targeting CD38-positive cells with daratumumab may synergistically enhance atezolizumab's antitumor activity by increasing the effector T-cell activity. METHODS This phase 1b-2 study included a safety run-in (one cycle of daratumumab plus atezolizumab) and randomized phases (daratumumab plus atezolizumab versus atezolizumab alone). The primary objective of the randomized phase was to compare overall response rates. The secondary objectives included evaluations of safety, clinical benefit rate (stable disease or better), PFS, OS, and pharmacokinetics. RESULTS In total, 99 patients were enrolled (safety run-in, n = 7; randomized, n = 46 per arm). In the randomized phase, the overall response rate was 4.3% for daratumumab plus atezolizumab and 13.0% for atezolizumab alone (OR: 0.30; 95% confidence interval: 0.03-1.92). The respective clinical benefit rates were 52.2% and 43.5%. No improvements were observed in the median PFS or median OS for combination therapy. The study was terminated because of the limited efficacy of daratumumab plus atezolizumab. CONCLUSIONS Daratumumab plus atezolizumab therapy did not improve efficacy versus atezolizumab monotherapy for patients with previously treated advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathi N. Pillai
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suresh S. Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Meena Thayu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Christopher Moy
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Natalie Hutnick
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Huaibao Feng
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, New Jersey
| | - Colleen Kane
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Leora Horn
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Martin Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Santiago Ponce
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - LUC2001 Investigators
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, New Jersey
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas, Madrid, Spain
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195
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Guo J, Mu D, Han Y. [Research Progress on the Mechanism and Clinical Data of Cereblon
in Reversing the Resistance of Lung Cancer to PD-1 Antibody by T cells]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 24:49-55. [PMID: 33478191 PMCID: PMC7849032 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.102.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) is a membrance-spanning protein mostly expressed in the T cell, and combines with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the targeting cell. When binding to the ligand on tumor cells, PD-1 as an immunosuppressive molecule, can inhibit the immune function of T cells, thus tumor immune escape. For example, depletion of peripheral effector T cell and accelerate the transformation of effector T cells into regulator T cells. To solve this problem, PD-1 antibody is used to bind to PD-1 on T cells to inhibit the interaction between PD-1 on the T cells and PD-L1 on the tumor cells so that it can restore the function of T cells to kill tumor cell. PD-1 antibodies, such as Nivolumab and Pembrolizumb, are approved as a first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cell cancer. However, due to the interaction of tumor cells, T cells and cytokines, some patients developed drug resistance which reduces the efficacy of immunotherapy. Hence, how to overcome resistance has become a urgent problem. Cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of the DDB1-cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and the only known molecular receptor of immunoregulatory drugs, has been found to reverse PD-1 antibody resistance by binding to CRBN regulatory agents (CMS), exert T cell immune function by regulating proliferation, activation and metabolism of T cell. In this paper, the mechanism of down-regulation of T cells leading to resistance of PD-1 antibody in lung cancer, the mechanism of CRBN regulating T cells, and research progress of CRBN regulator in the treatment of lung cancer were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medicial University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Di Mu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medicial University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medicial University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medicial University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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196
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Angelicola S, Ruzzi F, Landuzzi L, Scalambra L, Gelsomino F, Ardizzoni A, Nanni P, Lollini PL, Palladini A. IFN-γ and CD38 in Hyperprogressive Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:309. [PMID: 33467713 PMCID: PMC7830527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve the survival of patients with multiple types of cancer. However, low response rates and atypical responses limit their success in clinical applications. The paradoxical acceleration of tumor growth after treatment, defined as hyperprogressive disease (HPD), is the most difficult problem facing clinicians and patients alike. The mechanisms that underlie hyperprogression (HP) are still unclear and controversial, although different factors are associated with the phenomenon. In this review, we propose two factors that have not yet been demonstrated to be directly associated with HP, but upon which it is important to focus attention. IFN-γ is a key cytokine in antitumor response and its levels increase during ICI therapy, whereas CD38 is an alternative immune checkpoint that is involved in immunosuppressive responses. As both factors are associated with resistance to ICI therapy, we have discussed their possible involvement in HPD with the conclusion that IFN-γ may contribute to HP onset through the activation of the inflammasome pathway, immunosuppressive enzyme IDO1 and activation-induced cell death (AICD) in effector T cells, while the role of CD38 in HP may be associated with the activation of adenosine receptors, hypoxia pathways and AICD-dependent T-cell depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Angelicola
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Francesca Ruzzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Lorena Landuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Laura Scalambra
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Francesco Gelsomino
- Divisione di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Divisione di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Patrizia Nanni
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Arianna Palladini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.A.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (A.P.)
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197
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Kwon M, Jung H, Nam GH, Kim IS. The right Timing, right combination, right sequence, and right delivery for Cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2021; 331:321-334. [PMID: 33434599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy (CI) represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) presents a new paradigm for cancer treatment. However, the types of cancer that attain a therapeutic benefit from ICIs are limited, and the efficacy of these treatments does not meet expectations. To date, research on ICIs has mainly focused on identifying biomarkers and patient characteristics that can enhance the therapeutic effect on tumors. However, studies on combinational strategies for CI are being actively conducted to overcome the resistance to ICI treatment. Moreover, it has been confirmed that dramatic anticancer effects are achieved through "neoadjuvant" immunotherapy with ICIs in treatment-naïve cancer patients; consequently, it has become necessary to consider how to best apply cancer immunotherapies for patients, even with respect to their tumor stages. In this review, we sought to discuss the right timing of ICI treatment in consideration of the progression of cancer with a changing tumor-immune microenvironment. Furthermore, we investigated which types of combinational treatments and their corresponding sequences of administration could optimize the therapeutic effect of ICIs to expand the applicable target of ICIs and increase their therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we discussed several delivery pathways and methods that can maximize the effect of ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kwon
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hanul Jung
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Nam
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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198
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Costa F, Marchica V, Storti P, Malavasi F, Giuliani N. PD-L1/PD-1 Axis in Multiple Myeloma Microenvironment and a Possible Link with CD38-Mediated Immune-Suppression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E164. [PMID: 33418913 PMCID: PMC7825118 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in MM immune-microenvironment has been highlighted by several studies. However, discordant data have been reported on PD-1/PD-L1 distribution within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment of patients with monoclonal gammopathies. In addition, the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as a therapeutic strategy to reverse myeloma immune suppression and inhibit myeloma cell survival still remains unknown. Recent data suggest that, among the potential mechanisms behind the lack of responsiveness or resistance to anti-PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies, the CD38 metabolic pathways involving the immune-suppressive factor, adenosine, could play an important role. This review summarizes the available data on PD-1/PD-L1 expression in patients with MM, reporting the main mechanisms of regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 axis. The possible link between the CD38 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways is also reported, highlighting the rationale for the potential use of a combined therapeutic approach with CD38 blocking agents and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in order to improve their anti-tumoral effect in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Costa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.C.); (V.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Valentina Marchica
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.C.); (V.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Storti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.C.); (V.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin and Fondazione Ricerca Molinette, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.C.); (V.M.); (P.S.)
- Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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199
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Lv H, Lv G, Chen C, Zong Q, Jiang G, Ye D, Cui X, He Y, Xiang W, Han Q, Tang L, Yang W, Wang H. NAD + Metabolism Maintains Inducible PD-L1 Expression to Drive Tumor Immune Evasion. Cell Metab 2021; 33:110-127.e5. [PMID: 33171124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NAD+ metabolism is implicated in aging and cancer. However, its role in immune checkpoint regulation and immune evasion remains unclear. Here, we find nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme of the NAD+ biogenesis, drives interferon γ (IFNγ)-induced PD-L1 expression in multiple types of tumors and governs tumor immune evasion in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner. Mechanistically, NAD+ metabolism maintains activity and expression of methylcytosine dioxygenase Tet1 via α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). IFNγ-activated Stat1 facilitates Tet1 binding to Irf1 to regulate Irf1 demethylation, leading to downstream PD-L1 expression on tumors. Importantly, high NAMPT-expressing tumors are more sensitive to anti-PD-L1 treatment and NAD+ augmentation enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibody in immunotherapy-resistant tumors. Collectively, these data delineate an NAD+ metabolism-dependent epigenetic mechanism contributing to tumor immune evasion, and NAD+ replenishment combined with PD-(L)1 antibody provides a promising therapeutic strategy for immunotherapy-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lv
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Tumor Biology, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guishuai Lv
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cian Chen
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Qianni Zong
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Guoqing Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiuliang Cui
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yufei He
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Cancer Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Qin Han
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Liang Tang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Wen Yang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China; Cancer Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.
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200
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Navas LE, Carnero A. NAD + metabolism, stemness, the immune response, and cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:2. [PMID: 33384409 PMCID: PMC7775471 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+ was discovered during yeast fermentation, and since its discovery, its important roles in redox metabolism, aging, and longevity, the immune system and DNA repair have been highlighted. A deregulation of the NAD+ levels has been associated with metabolic diseases and aging-related diseases, including neurodegeneration, defective immune responses, and cancer. NAD+ acts as a cofactor through its interplay with NADH, playing an essential role in many enzymatic reactions of energy metabolism, such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and the TCA cycle. NAD+ also plays a role in deacetylation by sirtuins and ADP ribosylation during DNA damage/repair by PARP proteins. Finally, different NAD hydrolase proteins also consume NAD+ while converting it into ADP-ribose or its cyclic counterpart. Some of these proteins, such as CD38, seem to be extensively involved in the immune response. Since NAD cannot be taken directly from food, NAD metabolism is essential, and NAMPT is the key enzyme recovering NAD from nicotinamide and generating most of the NAD cellular pools. Because of the complex network of pathways in which NAD+ is essential, the important role of NAD+ and its key generating enzyme, NAMPT, in cancer is understandable. In the present work, we review the role of NAD+ and NAMPT in the ways that they may influence cancer metabolism, the immune system, stemness, aging, and cancer. Finally, we review some ongoing research on therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola E Navas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Cancer, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain. .,CIBER de Cancer, Sevilla, Spain.
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