151
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Fernandes NCCA, Guerra JM, Réssio RA, Wasques DG, Etlinger-Colonelli D, Lorente S, Nogueira E, Dagli MLZ. Liquid-based cytology and cell block immunocytochemistry in veterinary medicine: comparison with standard cytology for the evaluation of canine lymphoid samples. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 14 Suppl 1:107-16. [PMID: 25665030 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-based Cytology (LBC) consists of immediate wet cell fixation with automated slide preparation. We applied LBC, cell block (CB) and immunocytochemistry to diagnose canine lymphoma and compare results with conventional cytology. Samples from enlarged lymph nodes of 18 dogs were collected and fixed in preservative solution for automated slide preparation (LBC), CB inclusion and immunophenotyping. Two CB techniques were tested: fixed sediment method (FSM) and agar method (AM). Anti-CD79a, anti-Pax5, anti-CD3 and anti-Ki67 were used in immunocytochemistry. LBC smears showed better nuclear and nucleolar definition, without cell superposition, but presented smaller cell size and worse cytoplasmic definition. FSM showed consistent cellular groups and were employed for immunocytochemistry, while AM CBs presented sparse groups of lymphocytes, with compromised analysis. Anti-Pax-5 allowed B-cell identification, both in reactive and neoplastic lymph nodes. Our preliminary report suggests that LBC and FSM together may be promising tools to improve lymphoma diagnosis through fine-needle aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J M Guerra
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - R A Réssio
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | - S Lorente
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - E Nogueira
- Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - M L Z Dagli
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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152
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Tomiyasu H, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Goto-Koshino Y, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Evaluation of DNA methylation profiles of the CpG island of the ABCB1 gene in dogs with lymphoma. Am J Vet Res 2014; 75:835-41. [PMID: 25157887 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.9.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the DNA methylation status of the ABCB1 gene in tumor cells of dogs with lymphoma. ANIMALS 27 dogs with multicentric B-cell high-grade lymphoma (19 chemotherapy-sensitive dogs and 8 chemotherapy-resistant dogs). PROCEDURES The DNA methylation profile of the CpG island of the ABCB1 gene was analyzed by use of bisulphite sequencing and real-time methylation-specific PCR assay in lymphoma cells. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR assay of the ABCB1 gene was conducted to measure the amount of mRNA. Correlation between the amount of ABCB1 mRNA and the methylation rate was examined. RESULTS The CpG island of the ABCB1 gene was hypomethylated in most dogs in both the chemotherapy-sensitive and -resistant groups. No significant difference was detected in the methylation rate between the 2 groups, and no significant correlation was detected between the methylation rate and the mRNA expression level. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Expression of the ABCB1 gene was not suppressed by hypermethylation of its CpG island in most dogs with lymphoma regardless of their chemotherapy sensitivity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Tomiyasu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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153
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Sato M, Mochizuki H, Goto-Koshino Y, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Takahashi M, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Hypermethylation of the death-associated protein kinase CpG island in canine B-cell lymphoid tumors. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 161:222-31. [PMID: 25193469 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) is a 160-kD serine/threonine kinase known as a key molecule in interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced apoptosis and tumor suppression. Hypermethylation of the CpG island in DAPK inactivates the gene in a variety of human malignancies. This study aimed to detect the inactivation of DAPK in canine lymphoid tumor cells. The sequence of canine DAPK cDNA was obtained from normal dog peripheral blood mononuclear cells after reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). By rapid amplification of 5'-cDNA ends, the transcription initiation site of the DAPK gene was identified. The CpG island located upstream of the translation initiation site was identified by using a search algorithm. The methylation status of the CpG island was examined using bisulfite sequence analysis and methylation-specific PCR (MSP). The inactivation of DAPK gene was examined in 3 canine lymphoid tumor cell lines, GL-1 (B-cell leukemia), CLBL-1 (B-cell lymphoma), and CL-1 (T-cell lymphoma). DAPK mRNA expression was measured by real-time RT-PCR. IFN-γ-induced apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. The influence of demethylation was examined with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). The methylation status in 14 dogs with various lymphoid tumors was screened by MSP. A 1926-bp CpG island containing 280 CpG repeats was identified upstream of the translation start site of canine DAPK. Bisulfate sequence analysis and MSP revealed hypermethylation of the CpG island in GL-1 cells, but not in CLBL-1 or CL-1 cells. The amount of DAPK mRNA was significantly smaller in GL-1 cells than CLBL-1 and CL-1 cells. IFN-γ-induced apoptosis was detected in CLBL-1 and CL-1 cells but not in GL-1 cells. Treatment with 5-aza-dC significantly increased the amount of DAPK mRNA and IFN-γ-induced apoptosis in GL-1 cells. These results revealed the inactivation of DAPK through methylation of its CpG island in GL-1 cells. MSP showed hypermethylation of the DAPK CpG island in 5 of 8 primary B-cell lymphoma samples, but not in any of the 6 primary T-cell lymphoid tumor samples obtained from canine patients. DAPK was inactivated through hypermethylation of its CpG island in canine B-cell lymphoid tumor cells. This study will lead to the use of canine B-cell lymphoid tumors as an animal model to evaluate the efficacy of demethylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Sato
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mochizuki
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto-Koshino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masashi Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Fujino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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154
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Pinheiro D, Chang YM, Bryant H, Szladovits B, Dalessandri T, Davison LJ, Yallop E, Mills E, Leo C, Lara A, Stell A, Polton G, Garden OA. Dissecting the regulatory microenvironment of a large animal model of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: evidence of a negative prognostic impact of FOXP3+ T cells in canine B cell lymphoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105027. [PMID: 25119018 PMCID: PMC4132014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer microenvironment plays a pivotal role in oncogenesis, containing a number of regulatory cells that attenuate the anti-neoplastic immune response. While the negative prognostic impact of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the context of most solid tissue tumors is well established, their role in lymphoid malignancies remains unclear. T cells expressing FOXP3 and Helios were documented in the fine needle aspirates of affected lymph nodes of dogs with spontaneous multicentric B cell lymphoma (BCL), proposed to be a model for human non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Multivariable analysis revealed that the frequency of lymph node FOXP3+ T cells was an independent negative prognostic factor, impacting both progression-free survival (hazard ratio 1.10; p = 0.01) and overall survival (hazard ratio 1.61; p = 0.01) when comparing dogs showing higher than the median FOXP3 expression with those showing the median value of FOXP3 expression or less. Taken together, these data suggest the existence of a population of Tregs operational in canine multicentric BCL that resembles thymic Tregs, which we speculate are co-opted by the tumor from the periphery. We suggest that canine multicentric BCL represents a robust large animal model of human diffuse large BCL, showing clinical, cytological and immunophenotypic similarities with the disease in man, allowing comparative studies of immunoregulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dammy Pinheiro
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Research Office, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Bryant
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Balazs Szladovits
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Dalessandri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy J. Davison
- Henry Wellcome Building, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Yallop
- Clinical Investigation Centre, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Mills
- Clinical Investigation Centre, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Leo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Lara
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Anneliese Stell
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Polton
- Oncology Service, North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver A. Garden
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Immune Regulation Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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155
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Papakonstantinou S, James O'Brien P. High content imaging for the morphometric diagnosis and immunophenotypic prognosis of canine lymphomas. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2014; 86:373-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stratos Papakonstantinou
- Veterinary Pathobiology Section; School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Peter James O'Brien
- Veterinary Pathobiology Section; School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin; Ireland
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156
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Tan E, Abrams-Ogg A, Defarges A, Bienzle D. Automated Analysis of Bone Marrow Aspirates from Dogs with Haematological Disorders. J Comp Pathol 2014; 151:67-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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157
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O'Connor CM, Wilson-Robles H. Developing T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy in the Dog with Lymphoma. ILAR J 2014; 55:169-81. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilu020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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158
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Pathology in context. Vet Pathol 2013; 50:735-6. [PMID: 24014611 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813501474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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159
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Aresu L, Martini V, Rossi F, Vignoli M, Sampaolo M, Aricò A, Laganga P, Pierini A, Frayssinet P, Mantovani R, Marconato L. Canine indolent and aggressive lymphoma: clinical spectrum with histologic correlation. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:348-62. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Aresu
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science; University of Padova; Legnaro Italy
| | - V. Martini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - F. Rossi
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario; Sasso Marconi Italy
| | - M. Vignoli
- Clinica Veterinaria dell'Orologio; Sasso Marconi Italy
| | - M. Sampaolo
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario; Sasso Marconi Italy
| | - A. Aricò
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science; University of Padova; Legnaro Italy
| | - P. Laganga
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario; Sasso Marconi Italy
| | - A. Pierini
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario; Sasso Marconi Italy
| | | | - R. Mantovani
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals & Environment; University of Padova; Legnaro Italy
| | - L. Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario; Sasso Marconi Italy
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