151
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Zhang YC, Ye H, Zeng Z, Chin YE, Huang YN, Fu GH. The NF-κB p65/miR-23a-27a-24 cluster is a target for leukemia treatment. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33554-67. [PMID: 26378023 PMCID: PMC4741785 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
p65 is a transcription factor that is involved in many physiological and pathologic processes. Here we report that p65 strongly binds to the miR-23a-27a-24 cluster promoter to up-regulate its expression. As bone marrow-derived cells differentiate into red blood cells in vitro, p65/miR-23a-27a-24 cluster expression increases sharply and then declines before the appearance of red blood cells, suggesting that this cluster is negatively related to erythroid terminal differentiation. Bioinformatic and molecular biology experiments confirmed that the miR-23a-27a-24 cluster inhibited the expression of the erythroid proteome and contributed to erythroleukemia progression. In addition, high level of the p65/miR-23a-27a-24 cluster was found in APL and AML cell lines and in nucleated peripheral blood cells from leukemia patients. Furthermore, anti-leukemia drugs significantly inhibited the expression of the p65/miR-23a-27a-24 cluster in leukemia cells. Administration of the p65 inhibitor parthenolide significantly improved hematology and myelogram indices while prolonging the life span of erythroleukemia mice. Meanwhile, stable overexpression of these three miRNAs in mouse erythroleukemia cells enhanced cell malignancy. Our findings thus connect a novel regulation pathway of the p65/miR-23a-27a-24 cluster with the erythroid proteome and provide an applicable approach for treating leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chang Zhang
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ning Huang
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Hui Fu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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152
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Yang Z, Wang XL, Bai R, Liu WY, Li X, Liu M, Tang H. miR-23a promotes IKKα expression but suppresses ST7L expression to contribute to the malignancy of epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:731-40. [PMID: 27537390 PMCID: PMC5023779 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been found in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, the role and mechanism of action of miR-23a in EOC remain unclear. METHODS The roles of miR-23a, IKKα, and ST7L in EOC were determined by MTT, colony formation, wounding healing, transwell, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and western blotting experiments. miR-23a target genes were validated by EGFP reporter assays, RT-qPCR, and western blotting analysis. RESULTS miR-23a is upregulated and promotes tumorigenic activity by facilitating the progress of cell cycle and EMT and repressing apoptosis in EOC cells. miR-23a enhances the expression of IKKα but suppresses the expression of ST7L by binding the 3'UTR of each transcript in EOC cells. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of EOC cells are increased by IKKα and inhibited by ST7L. Furthermore, miR-23a activates NF-κB by upregulating IKKα and WNT/MAPK pathway by downregulating ST7L. CONCLUSIONS miR-23a functions as an oncogene by targeting IKKα and ST7L, thus contributing to the malignancy of EOC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang-ling Wang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ru Bai
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wei-ying Liu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Liu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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153
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Li J, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Ritchie W, Grau G, Vadas MA, Gamble JR. The Poly-cistronic miR-23-27-24 Complexes Target Endothelial Cell Junctions: Differential Functional and Molecular Effects of miR-23a and miR-23b. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e354. [PMID: 27741223 PMCID: PMC5023406 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of function of endothelial cell-cell junctions is fundamental in sustaining vascular integrity. The polycistronic microRNA (miR) complexes containing miR-23a-27a-24-2, and 23b-27b-24-1 are predicted to target the majority of major endothelial junctional proteins. We focus on miR-23a and miR-23b, and investigate the functional effects of these miRs on junctions. While miR-23a and 23b only differ by 1 nucleotide (g19) outside the seed region and thus are predicted to have the same targets, they function differently with miR-23a inhibiting permeability and miR-23b inhibiting angiogenesis. Both miRs target the junctional attractive molecule (tight junction protein 2) ZO-2 and the repulsive molecule junctional adhesion molecule C (JAM-C), although the inhibition of JAM-C by miR-23a is more profound than by miR-23b. The difference in potency is attributable to differences at g19 since a mutation of the t17, the g19 binding site of miR-23b in the 3'UTR of JAM-C restores identity. We also show that the pattern of expression of miR-23a and miR-23b and their targets are different. Thus, the paralogues miR-23a and miR-23b can have profoundly different effects on endothelial cell function due at least partially to selective effects on target proteins and differences in expression patterns of the miRs. This work exposes a hitherto unappreciated complexity in therapeutically targeting miRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yang Zhao
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ying Lu
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - William Ritchie
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Georges Grau
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mathew A Vadas
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Gamble
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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154
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Varshney P, Yadav V, Saini N. Lipid rafts in immune signalling: current progress and future perspective. Immunology 2016; 149:13-24. [PMID: 27153983 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are dynamic assemblies of proteins and lipids that harbour many receptors and regulatory molecules and so act as a platform for signal transduction. They float freely within the liquid-disordered bilayer of cellular membranes and can cluster to form larger ordered domains. Alterations in lipid rafts are commonly found to be associated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases and recent reports have shown that the raft domains can also be perturbed by targeting raft proteins through microRNAs. Over the last few years, the importance of lipid rafts in modulating both innate and acquired immune responses has been elucidated. Various receptors present on immune cells like B cells, T cells, basophils and mast cells associate with lipid rafts on ligand binding and initiate signalling cascades leading to inflammation. Furthermore, disrupting lipid raft integrity alters lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine secretion, IgE signalling, and B-cell and T-cell activation. The objective of this review is to summarize the recent progress in understanding the role of lipid rafts in the modulation of immune signalling and its related therapeutic potential for autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Varshney
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Neeru Saini
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
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155
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Wen YC, Lee WJ, Tan P, Yang SF, Hsiao M, Lee LM, Chien MH. By inhibiting snail signaling and miR-23a-3p, osthole suppresses the EMT-mediated metastatic ability in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21120-36. [PMID: 26110567 PMCID: PMC4673254 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we showed that Osthole, 7-methoxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) coumarin, a bioactive coumarin derivative extracted from medicinal plants, inhibited migration, invasion, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) cells in vitro and metastasis of AIPC in vivo. In patients, high Snail levels were correlated with a higher histological Gleason sum and poor survival rates. Osthole inhibited the TGF-β/Akt/MAPK pathways, reduced Snail-DNA-binding activity and induced E-cadherin. We found that osthole decreased miR-23a-3p. Ectopic miR-23a-3p suppressed E-cadherin 3′ untranslated region reporter activity and E-cadherin expression, and relieved the motility suppression caused by osthole treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Wen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng Tan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica; Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ming Lee
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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156
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Bakre A, Wu W, Hiscox J, Spann K, Teng MN, Tripp RA. Human respiratory syncytial virus non-structural protein NS1 modifies miR-24 expression via transforming growth factor-β. J Gen Virol 2016; 96:3179-3191. [PMID: 26253191 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major health challenge in the young and elderly owing to the lack of a safe and effective vaccine and proven antiviral drugs. Understanding the mechanisms by which viral genes and proteins modulate the host response to infection is critical for identifying novel disease intervention strategies. In this study, the RSV non-structural protein NS1 was shown to suppress miR-24 expression during infection. Lack of NS1 was linked to increased expression of miR-24, whilst NS1 overexpression suppressed miR-24 expression. NS1 was found to induce Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), a transcription factor that positively regulates the transforming growth factor (TGF)-b pathway to induce cell cycle arrest. Silencing of KLF6 led to increased miR-24 expression via downregulation of TGF-β. Treatment with exogenous TGF-β suppressed miR-24 expression and induced KLF6. Confocal microscopy showed co-localization of KLF6 and RSV NS1. These findings indicated that RSV NS1 interacts with KLF6 and modulates miR-24 expression and TGF-β, which facilitates RSV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Bakre
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Weining Wu
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Julian Hiscox
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kirsten Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael N Teng
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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157
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Wu L, Wang Q, Guo F, Ma X, Ji H, Liu F, Zhao Y, Qin G. MicroRNA-27a Induces Mesangial Cell Injury by Targeting of PPARγ, and its In Vivo Knockdown Prevents Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26072. [PMID: 27184517 PMCID: PMC4869109 DOI: 10.1038/srep26072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we found that high glucose upregulated miR-27a expression in cultured glomerular mesangial cells and in the kidney glomeruli of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. miR-27a knockdown prevented high glucose-induced mesangial cell proliferation and also blocked the upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated profibrotic genes. Reduction of cell proliferation and profibrotic gene expression by a miR-27a inhibitor depended upon the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Further studies showed that miR-27a negatively regulated PPARγ expression by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of rat PPARγ. An antisense oligonucleotide specific to miR-27a (antagomir-27a) significantly reduced renal miR-27a expression in STZ-induced diabetic rats and significantly increased PPARγ levels. Antagomir-27a also reduced kidney ECM accumulation and proteinuria in STZ-induced diabetic rats. These findings suggest that specific reduction of renal miR-27a decreases renal fibrosis, which may be explained in part by its regulation of PPARγ, and that targeting miR-27a may represent a novel therapeutic approach for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hongfei Ji
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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158
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Wang S, Pan Y, Zhang R, Xu T, Wu W, Zhang R, Wang C, Huang H, Calin CA, Yang H, Claret FX. Hsa-miR-24-3p increases nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiosensitivity by targeting both the 3'UTR and 5'UTR of Jab1/CSN5. Oncogene 2016; 35:6096-6108. [PMID: 27157611 PMCID: PMC5102828 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the standard therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC); however, radioresistance can hinder successful treatment. Here we report that microRNA (miR)-24 acts as a tumor suppressor and radiosensitizer in NPC cells and xenografts by targeting Jab1/CSN5. Although accumulating evidence has shown that Jab1/CSN5 functions as an oncoprotein in human cancers, its regulation through miRs has not been described. In this study, we found that Jab1/CSN5 functioned in a manner opposite to that of miR-24 in NPC tumorigenesis and radioresistance. We demonstrated that miR-24 inhibits Jab1/CSN5 translation via direct binding to its 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) and 5'UTR, leading to tumor growth inhibition, and sensitizes NPC tumors to radiation in vivo. Furthermore, silencing Jab1/CSN5 phenocopied the function of miR-24 in NPC cells after ionizing radiation treatment, resulting in increased apoptosis. Finally, we analyzed 50 paired samples of primary and matched recurrent NPC tissues from 25 NPC patients and subjected them to high-throughput genomic quantitative nuclease protection assay for quantifying simultaneously miR and mRNA levels. Our results showed that miR-24 levels were significantly decreased in recurrent NPC and that levels of Jab1/CSN5, as its target, were higher than those in primary NPC. Together, our findings indicate that miR-24 inhibits NPC tumor growth and increases NPC radiosensitivity by directly regulating Jab1/CSN5 and that both miR-24 and Jab1/CSN5 can serve as prognostic markers for NPC recurrence; this, in turn, may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for reversing NPC radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Pan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - R Zhang
- Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - T Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, First People's Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated with Sun Yat-Sen University, Foshan, People's Republic of China
| | - W Wu
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - R Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - H Huang
- Department of Radiation, Oncology, Cancer Center, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - C A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - F X Claret
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program and Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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159
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Kang BY, Park KK, Kleinhenz JM, Murphy TC, Green DE, Bijli KM, Yeligar SM, Carthan KA, Searles CD, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ and microRNA 98 in Hypoxia-Induced Endothelin-1 Signaling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:136-46. [PMID: 26098770 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0337oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays a critical role in endothelial dysfunction and contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). We hypothesized that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) stimulates microRNAs that inhibit ET-1 and pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) proliferation. The objective of this study was to clarify molecular mechanisms by which PPARγ regulates ET-1 expression in vitro and in vivo. In PAECs isolated from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, microRNA (miR)-98 expression was reduced, and ET-1 protein levels and proliferation were increased. Similarly, hypoxia reduced miR-98 and increased ET-1 levels and PAEC proliferation in vitro. In vivo, hypoxia reduced miR-98 expression and increased ET-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels in mouse lung, derangements that were aggravated by treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist Sugen5416. Reporter assays confirmed that miR-98 binds directly to the ET-1 3'-untranslated region. Compared with littermate control mice, miR-98 levels were reduced and ET-1 and PCNA expression were increased in lungs from endothelial-targeted PPARγ knockout mice, whereas miR-98 levels were increased and ET-1 and PCNA expression was reduced in lungs from endothelial-targeted PPARγ-overexpression mice. Gain or loss of PPARγ function in PAECs in vitro confirmed that alterations in PPARγ were sufficient to regulate miR-98, ET-1, and PCNA expression. Finally, PPARγ activation with rosiglitazone regimens that attenuated hypoxia-induced PH in vivo and human PAEC proliferation in vitro restored miR-98 levels. The results of this study show that PPARγ regulates miR-98 to modulate ET-1 expression and PAEC proliferation. These results further clarify molecular mechanisms by which PPARγ participates in PH pathogenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Yong Kang
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathy K Park
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer M Kleinhenz
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tamara C Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David E Green
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kaiser M Bijli
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kristal A Carthan
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Charles D Searles
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C Michael Hart
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
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160
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Salivary miRNA profiles identify children with autism spectrum disorder, correlate with adaptive behavior, and implicate ASD candidate genes involved in neurodevelopment. BMC Pediatr 2016; 16:52. [PMID: 27105825 PMCID: PMC4841962 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that lacks adequate screening tools, often delaying diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Despite a substantial genetic component, no single gene variant accounts for >1 % of ASD incidence. Epigenetic mechanisms that include microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to the ASD phenotype by altering networks of neurodevelopmental genes. The extracellular availability of miRNAs allows for painless, noninvasive collection from biofluids. In this study, we investigated the potential for saliva-based miRNAs to serve as diagnostic screening tools and evaluated their potential functional importance. Methods Salivary miRNA was purified from 24 ASD subjects and 21 age- and gender-matched control subjects. The ASD group included individuals with mild ASD (DSM-5 criteria and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) and no history of neurologic disorder, pre-term birth, or known chromosomal abnormality. All subjects completed a thorough neurodevelopmental assessment with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales at the time of saliva collection. A total of 246 miRNAs were detected and quantified in at least half the samples by RNA-Seq and used to perform between-group comparisons with non-parametric testing, multivariate logistic regression and classification analyses, as well as Monte-Carlo Cross-Validation (MCCV). The top miRNAs were examined for correlations with measures of adaptive behavior. Functional enrichment analysis of the highest confidence mRNA targets of the top differentially expressed miRNAs was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), as well as the Simons Foundation Autism Database (AutDB) of ASD candidate genes. Results Fourteen miRNAs were differentially expressed in ASD subjects compared to controls (p <0.05; FDR <0.15) and showed more than 95 % accuracy at distinguishing subject groups in the best-fit logistic regression model. MCCV revealed an average ROC-AUC value of 0.92 across 100 simulations, further supporting the robustness of the findings. Most of the 14 miRNAs showed significant correlations with Vineland neurodevelopmental scores. Functional enrichment analysis detected significant over-representation of target gene clusters related to transcriptional activation, neuronal development, and AutDB genes. Conclusion Measurement of salivary miRNA in this pilot study of subjects with mild ASD demonstrated differential expression of 14 miRNAs that are expressed in the developing brain, impact mRNAs related to brain development, and correlate with neurodevelopmental measures of adaptive behavior. These miRNAs have high specificity and cross-validated utility as a potential screening tool for ASD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-016-0586-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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161
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Hatzl S, Geiger O, Kuepper MK, Caraffini V, Seime T, Furlan T, Nussbaumer E, Wieser R, Pichler M, Scheideler M, Nowek K, Jongen-Lavrencic M, Quehenberger F, Wölfler A, Troppmair J, Sill H, Zebisch A. Increased Expression of miR-23a Mediates a Loss of Expression in the RAF Kinase Inhibitor Protein RKIP. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3644-54. [PMID: 27197200 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RAF kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a seminal regulator of intracellular signaling and exhibits both antimetastatic and antitumorigenic properties. Decreased expression of RKIP has been described in several human malignancies, including acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). As the mechanisms leading to RKIP loss in AML are still unclear, we aimed to analyze the potential involvement of miRNAs within this study. miRNA microarray and qPCR data of more than 400 AML patient specimens revealed correlation between decreased expression of RKIP and increased expression of miR-23a, a member of the miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster. In functional experiments, overexpression of miR-23a decreased RKIP mRNA and protein expression, whereas miR-23a inhibition caused the opposite effect. By using an RKIP 3'-untranslated region luciferase reporter construct with and without mutation or deletion of the putative miR-23a-binding site, we could show that RKIP modulation by miR-23a is mediated via direct binding to this region. Importantly, miR-23a overexpression induced a significant increase of proliferation in hematopoietic cells. Simultaneous transfection of an RKIP expression construct lacking the miR-23a-binding sites reversed this phenotype, indicating that this effect is truly mediated via downregulation of RKIP. Finally, by analyzing more than 4,300 primary patient specimens via database retrieval from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we could highlight the importance of the miR-23a/RKIP axis in a broad range of human cancer entities. In conclusion, we have identified miR-23a as a negative regulator of RKIP expression in AML and have provided data that suggest the importance of our observation beyond this tumor entity. Cancer Res; 76(12); 3644-54. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hatzl
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Olivia Geiger
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maja Kim Kuepper
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Till Seime
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias Furlan
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erika Nussbaumer
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rotraud Wieser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany. University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Nowek
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Franz Quehenberger
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Albert Wölfler
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jakob Troppmair
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heinz Sill
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Zebisch
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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162
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Ludwig KR, Dahl R, Hummon AB. Evaluation of the mirn23a Cluster through an iTRAQ-based Quantitative Proteomic Approach. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1497-505. [PMID: 27028342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that are implicated in a number of disease states. MiRNAs can exist as individual entities or may be clustered and transcribed as a single polycistron. The mirn23a cluster consists of three miRNAs: miR-23a, miR-24-2, and miR-27a. Although these miRNAs are transcribed together, they often exist at varying levels in the cell. Despite the fact that the mirn23a cluster is known to play a role in a number of diseases and developmental processes, few direct targets have been identified. In this study, we examined the effects of miR-23a, miR-24-2, miR-27a, or the mirn23a cluster overexpression on the proteome of 70Z/3 pre-B lymphoblast cells. Quantitative mass spectrometry using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) allowed for the global profiling of cell lines after miRNA overexpression. We identified a number of targets of each miRNA that contained predicted miRNA seed sequences and are likely direct targets. In addition, we discovered a cohort of shared miRNA targets and cluster targets, demonstrating the importance of studying miRNA clusters in their entirety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn R Ludwig
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46617 United States
| | - Richard Dahl
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46617 United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine , South Bend, Indiana 46202 United States
| | - Amanda B Hummon
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46617 United States
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163
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Wang Y, Zhang ZX, Chen S, Qiu GB, Xu ZM, Fu WN. Methylation Status of SP1 Sites within miR-23a-27a-24-2 Promoter Region Influences Laryngeal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2061248. [PMID: 27099864 PMCID: PMC4821919 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2061248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays critical roles in regulation of microRNA expression and function. miR-23a-27a-24-2 cluster has various functions and aberrant expression of the cluster is a common event in many cancers. However, whether DNA methylation influences the cluster expression and function is not reported. Here we found a CG-rich region spanning two SP1 sites in the cluster promoter region. The SP1 sites in the cluster were demethylated and methylated in Hep2 cells and HEK293 cells, respectively. Meanwhile, the cluster was significantly upregulated and downregulated in Hep2 cells and HEK293 cells, respectively. The SP1 sites were remethylated and the cluster was significantly downregulated in Hep2 cells into which methyl donor, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, was introduced. Moreover, S-adenosyl-L-methionine significantly increased Hep2 cell viability and repressed Hep2 cell early apoptosis. We also found that construct with two SP1 sites had highest luciferase activity and SP1 specifically bound the gene cluster promoter in vitro. We conclude that demethylated SP1 sites in miR-23a-27a-24-2 cluster upregulate the cluster expression, leading to proliferation promotion and early apoptosis inhibition in laryngeal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhao-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Guang-Bin Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, No. 202 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang 110003, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, No. 463 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang 110007, China
| | - Wei-Neng Fu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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164
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Ma S, Liu M, Xu Z, Li Y, Guo H, Ge Y, Liu Y, Zheng D, Shi J. A double feedback loop mediated by microRNA-23a/27a/24-2 regulates M1 versus M2 macrophage polarization and thus regulates cancer progression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:13502-19. [PMID: 26540574 PMCID: PMC4924657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to microenvironmental signals, macrophages undergo different types of activation, including the "classic" pro-inflammatory phenotype (also called M1) and the "alternative" anti-inflammatory phenotype (also called M2). Macrophage polarized activation has profound effects on immune and inflammatory responses, but mechanisms underlying the various types of macrophage is still in its infancy. In this study, we reported that M1-type stimulation could down-regulate miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster transcription through the binding of NF-κB to this cluster's promoter and that miR-23a in turn activated the NF-κB pathway by targeting A20 and thus promoted the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, STAT6 occupied the miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster promoter and activated their transcription in IL-4-stimulated macrophages. In addition, miR-23a in turn suppressed the JAK1/STAT-6 pathway and reduced the production of M2 type cytokines by targeting JAK1 and STAT-6 directly, while miR-27a showed the same phenotype by targeting IRF4 and PPAR-γ. The miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster was shown to be significantly decreased in TAMs of breast cancer patients, and macrophages overexpressing the miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, these data integrated microRNA expression and function into macrophage polarization networks and identified a double feedback loop consisting of the miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster and the key regulators of the M1 and M2 macrophage polarization pathway. Moreover, miR-23a/27a/24-2 regulates the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages and thus promotes cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Ma
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenbiao Xu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanshuang Li
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Guo
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yehua Ge
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dexian Zheng
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Shi
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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165
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Hadjimichael C, Nikolaou C, Papamatheakis J, Kretsovali A. MicroRNAs for Fine-Tuning of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Fate Decision through Regulation of TGF-β Signaling. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:292-301. [PMID: 26876669 PMCID: PMC4788761 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial factors that regulate self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Although much is known about their role in maintaining ESC pluripotency, the mechanisms by which they affect cell fate decisions remain poorly understood. By performing deep sequencing to profile miRNA expression in mouse ESCs (mESCs) and differentiated embryoid bodies (EBs), we identified four differentially expressed miRNAs. Among them, miR-191 and miR-16-1 are highly expressed in ESCs and repress Smad2, the most essential mediator of Activin-Nodal signaling, resulting in the inhibition of mesendoderm formation. miR-23a, which is also down-regulated in the differentiated state, suppresses differentiation toward the endoderm and ectoderm lineages. We further identified miR-421 as a differentiation-associated regulator through the direct repression of the core pluripotency transcription factor Oct4 and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-signaling components, Smad5 and Id2. Collectively, our findings uncover a regulatory network between the studied miRNAs and both branches of TGF-β/BMP-signaling pathways, revealing their importance for ESC lineage decisions. miR-16-1 and miR-191 suppress mesendoderm differentiation by Activin/Smad2 targeting miR-23a represses endoderm and ectoderm differentiation miR-421 promotes ectoderm and endoderm differentiation by TGF-β and Oct4 inhibition
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Hadjimichael
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Joseph Papamatheakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Androniki Kretsovali
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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166
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Cho S, Wu CJ, Yasuda T, Cruz LO, Khan AA, Lin LL, Nguyen DT, Miller M, Lee HM, Kuo ML, Broide DH, Rajewsky K, Rudensky AY, Lu LF. miR-23∼27∼24 clusters control effector T cell differentiation and function. J Exp Med 2016; 213:235-49. [PMID: 26834155 PMCID: PMC4749926 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The miR-23∼27∼24 clusters control differentiation of effector T cells. In particular, miR-24 targets IL-4 and miR-27 targets GATA3, thus collaborating in the control of Th2 immunity. Coordinated repression of gene expression by evolutionarily conserved microRNA (miRNA) clusters and paralogs ensures that miRNAs efficiently exert their biological impact. Combining both loss- and gain-of-function genetic approaches, we show that the miR-23∼27∼24 clusters regulate multiple aspects of T cell biology, particularly helper T (Th) 2 immunity. Low expression of this miRNA family confers proper effector T cell function at both physiological and pathological settings. Further studies in T cells with exaggerated regulation by individual members of the miR-23∼27∼24 clusters revealed that miR-24 and miR-27 collaboratively limit Th2 responses through targeting IL-4 and GATA3 in both direct and indirect manners. Intriguingly, although overexpression of the entire miR-23 cluster also negatively impacts other Th lineages, enforced expression of miR-24, in contrast to miR-23 and miR-27, actually promotes the differentiation of Th1, Th17, and induced regulatory T cells, implying that under certain conditions, miRNA families can fine tune the biological effects of their regulation by having individual members antagonize rather than cooperate with each other. Together, our results identify a miRNA family with important immunological roles and suggest that tight regulation of miR-23∼27∼24 clusters in T cells is required to maintain optimal effector function and to prevent aberrant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunglim Cho
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Cheng-Jang Wu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333 Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tomoharu Yasuda
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leilani O Cruz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Aly Azeem Khan
- Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Ling-Li Lin
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Duc T Nguyen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Marina Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Hyang-Mi Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333 Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - David H Broide
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Li-Fan Lu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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167
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Shen L, Zhang Y, Du J, Chen L, Luo J, Li X, Li M, Tang G, Zhang S, Zhu L. MicroRNA-23a regulates 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Gene 2016; 575:761-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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168
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Candia J, Cherukuri S, Guo Y, Doshi KA, Banavar JR, Civin CI, Losert W. Uncovering low-dimensional, miR-based signatures of acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemias with a machine-learning-driven network approach. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2015; 1. [PMID: 27274862 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/1/2/025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex phenotypic differences among different acute leukemias cannot be fully captured by analyzing the expression levels of one single molecule, such as a miR, at a time, but requires systematic analysis of large sets of miRs. While a popular approach for analysis of such datasets is principal component analysis (PCA), this method is not designed to optimally discriminate different phenotypes. Moreover, PCA and other low-dimensional representation methods yield linear or non-linear combinations of all measured miRs. Global human miR expression was measured in AML, B-ALL, and TALL cell lines and patient RNA samples. By systematically applying support vector machines to all measured miRs taken in dyad and triad groups, we built miR networks using cell line data and validated our findings with primary patient samples. All the coordinately transcribed members of the miR-23a cluster (which includes also miR-24 and miR-27a), known to function as tumor suppressors of acute leukemias, appeared in the AML, B-ALL and T-ALL centric networks. Subsequent qRT-PCR analysis showed that the most connected miR in the B-ALL-centric network, miR-708, is highly and specifically expressed in B-ALLs, suggesting that miR-708 might serve as a biomarker for B-ALL. This approach is systematic, quantitative, scalable, and unbiased. Rather than a single signature, our approach yields a network of signatures reflecting the redundant nature of biological signaling pathways. The network representation allows for visual analysis of all signatures by an expert and for future integration of additional information. Furthermore, each signature involves only small sets of miRs, such as dyads and triads, which are well suited for in depth validation through laboratory experiments. In particular, loss-and gain-of-function assays designed to drive changes in leukemia cell survival, proliferation and differentiation will benefit from the identification of multi-miR signatures that characterize leukemia subtypes and their normal counterpart cells of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Candia
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
| | - Srujana Cherukuri
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA; Noble Life Sciences, 22 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Yin Guo
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
| | - Kshama A Doshi
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
| | - Jayanth R Banavar
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Curt I Civin
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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169
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Alarmo EL, Havunen R, Häyrynen S, Penkki S, Ketolainen J, Nykter M, Kallioniemi A. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 regulates microRNA expression in breast cancer cell lines in diverse fashion. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:227-36. [PMID: 26684238 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is a remarkably powerful inhibitor of breast cancer cell proliferation, but it is also able to induce breast cancer cell migration in certain cellular contexts. Previous data demonstrate that BMP4 controls the transcription of a variety of protein-coding genes, but not much is known about microRNAs (miRNA) regulated by BMP4. To address this question, miRNA expression profiles following BMP4 treatment were determined in one mammary epithelial and seven breast cancer cell lines using microarrays. While the analysis revealed an extensive variation in differentially expressed miRNA across cell lines, four miRNAs (miR-16-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-23a-3p, and miR-23b-3p) were commonly induced in a subset of breast cancer cells upon BMP4 treatment. Inhibition of their expression demonstrated an increase in BT-474 cell number, indicating that they possess tumor suppressive properties. However, with the exception of miR-106b-5p, these effects were independent of BMP4 treatment. Scratch assay with miR-16-5p and miR-106b-5p inhibitors on BMP4-treated MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in enhanced cell migration, suggesting that these miRNAs are engaged in BMP4-induced motility. Taken together, we have for the first time characterized the BMP4-induced miRNA expression profiles in breast cancer cell lines, showing that induced miRNAs contribute to the fine-tuning of proliferation and migration phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Leena Alarmo
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sergei Häyrynen
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sanna Penkki
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Ketolainen
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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170
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Gonzalez H, Lema C, Kirken RA, Maldonado RA, Varela-Ramirez A, Aguilera RJ. Arsenic-exposed Keratinocytes Exhibit Differential microRNAs Expression Profile; Potential Implication of miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141 in Melanoma Pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:138-147. [PMID: 27054085 DOI: 10.2174/2212697x02666150629174704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to arsenic has been linked to cancer in different organs and tissues, including skin. Here, non-malignant human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were exposed to arsenic and its effects on microRNAs (miRNAs; miR) expression were analyzed via miRCURY LNA array analyses. A total of 30 miRNAs were found differentially expressed in arsenic-treated cells, as compared to untreated controls. Among the up-regulated miRNAs, miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141, are well known to be involved in carcinogenesis. Additional findings confirmed that those three miRNAs were indeed up-regulated in arsenic-stimulated keratinocytes as demonstrated by quantitative PCR assay. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis of both potential cancer-related pathways and targeted genes affected by miR-21, miR-200a and/or miR-141 was performed. Results revealed that miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141 are implicated in skin carcinogenesis related with melanoma development. Conclusively, our results indicate that arsenic-treated keratinocytes exhibited alteration in the miRNAs expression profile and that miR-21, miR-200a and miR-141 could be promising early biomarkers of the epithelial phenotype of cancer cells and they could be potential novel targets for melanoma therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Gonzalez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Carolina Lema
- Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA; College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Robert A Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Rosa A Maldonado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA; Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Renato J Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, the University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave. El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA; Cytometry, Screening and Imaging Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, the University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
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171
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Khan AUH, Rathore MG, Allende-Vega N, Vo DN, Belkhala S, Orecchioni S, Talarico G, Bertolini F, Cartron G, Lecellier CH, Villalba M. Human Leukemic Cells performing Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS) Generate an Antioxidant Response Independently of Reactive Oxygen species (ROS) Production. EBioMedicine 2015; 3:43-53. [PMID: 26870816 PMCID: PMC4739420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell metabolism is altered during leukemogenesis. Cells performing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through mitochondrial activity. To limit the deleterious effects of excess ROS, certain gene promoters contain antioxidant response elements (ARE), e.g. the genes NQO-1 and HO-1. ROS induces conformational changes in KEAP1 and releases NRF2, which activates AREs. We show in vitro and in vivo that OXPHOS induces, both in primary leukemic cells and cell lines, de novo expression of NQO-1 and HO-1 and also the MAPK ERK5 and decreases KEAP1 mRNA. ERK5 activates the transcription factor MEF2, which binds to the promoter of the miR-23a–27a–24-2 cluster. Newly generated miR-23a destabilizes KEAP1 mRNA by binding to its 3′UTR. Lower KEAP1 levels increase the basal expression of the NRF2-dependent genes NQO-1 and HO-1. Hence, leukemic cells performing OXPHOS, independently of de novo ROS production, generate an antioxidant response to protect themselves from ROS. Leukemic cells performing OXPHOS increase ROS and antioxidant gene expression. OXPHOS-mediated ERK5 activation induces miR-23 expression through MEF2. miR-23 blocks KEAP1 expression and increases antioxidant genes.
Cells performing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through mitochondrial activity. Excess ROS is deleterious to cells; hence they should be kept at bay. We show here that leukemic cells have a genetic program that allow them to generate an antioxidant response when performing OXPHOS and this is independent of ROS generation. Because leukemic cells need protection from ROS, this pathway is a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Ul Haq Khan
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Moeez G Rathore
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Nerea Allende-Vega
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Dang-Nghiem Vo
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sana Belkhala
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Stefania Orecchioni
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Talarico
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertolini
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier I, 80 Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Charles-Henri Lecellier
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France; Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, University of Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Villalba
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34295, France.
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172
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Ahmadian-Elmi M, Bidmeshki Pour A, Naghavian R, Ghaedi K, Tanhaei S, Izadi T, Nasr-Esfahani MH. miR-27a and miR-214 exert opposite regulatory roles in Th17 differentiation via mediating different signaling pathways in peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes of patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Immunogenetics 2015; 68:43-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-015-0881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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173
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Bhatia P, Raina S, Chugh J, Sharma S. miRNAs: early prognostic biomarkers for Type 2 diabetes mellitus? Biomark Med 2015; 9:1025-40. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has reached epidemic proportions and is associated with peripheral insulin resistance. The currently used therapies aim to delay progression of T2DM. Their efficacy could drastically be improved if implemented at earlier stages. Classical diagnostic markers (blood glucose and HbA1C) are generally detected once metabolic imbalance has already set in. Therefore, development of biomarkers for early diagnosis would help identify individuals at risk for developing T2DM. Along with genetic predisposition, epigenetics also plays a major role in T2DM development. In this review, we discuss the potential role of early diagnostic markers such as circulating miRNAs, studies done so far and challenges to be considered while taking into account the novel role of miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnika Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Shikha Raina
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Jeetender Chugh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shilpy Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
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174
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Jin AH, Wei ZL. Molecular mechanism of increased sensitivity of cisplatin to ovarian cancer by inhibition of microRNA-23a expression. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:13329-13334. [PMID: 26550261 PMCID: PMC4612946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the sensitivity change and the preliminary mechanism of ovarian cancer cells on the resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs by inhibiting miR-23a expression. METHODS The ovarian cancer cell lines A2780 was administrated with antagomir-23a and platinum, and then the cell proliferation inhibition rate was determined by MTT assay. The cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometric analysis. The apoptotic morphological changes were analyzed by Hoechst33258 staining. The glycoprotein P-gp expression changes were detected by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The cell proliferation inhibition rate increased significantly after the administration of miR-23a and platinum (P<0.01). The middle concentration of drug efficacy IC50 in experimental group decreased by 83.76% compared with that in control group, which was 17.89 μmol/L vs 110.18 μmol/L (P<0.01). The cell lines A2780 were arrested in G0/G1 phase and apoptosis rate kept increasing (P<0.05). The cell nuclei stained by Hoechst33258 were obviously enhanced and demonstrated apoptosis morphology, such as condense, pyknosis. Compared with control group, the levels of P-gp protein expression in experimental group decreased along with the increase of the cisplatin concentration (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The inhibition of miR-23a expression could significantly increase the sensitivity of cisplatin towards tumor cells, and it was probably because the negative regulatory factors of miR-23a target genes was released, and as a result, the expression of P-gp protein was inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hong Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Anhui, China
| | - Zhao-Lian Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Anhui, China
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175
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Goto Y, Kojima S, Nishikawa R, Enokida H, Chiyomaru T, Kinoshita T, Nakagawa M, Naya Y, Ichikawa T, Seki N. The microRNA-23b/27b/24-1 cluster is a disease progression marker and tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7748-59. [PMID: 25115396 PMCID: PMC4202158 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent study of microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures in prostate cancer (PCa) has revealed that all members of the miR-23b/27b/24-1 cluster are significantly downregulated in PCa tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of these clustered miRNAs as a disease progression marker and to determine the functional significance of these clustered miRNAs in PCa. Expression of the miR-23b/27b/24-1 cluster was significantly reduced in PCa tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that low expression of miR-27b predicted a short duration of progression to castration-resistant PCa. Gain-of-function studies using mature miR-23b, miR-27b, and miR-24-1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in PCa cells (PC3 and DU145). To identify the molecular targets of these miRNAs, we carried out gene expression and in silico database analyses. GOLM1 was directly regulated by miR-27b in PCa cells. Elucidation of the molecular targets and pathways regulated by the tumor-suppressive microRNAs should shed light on the oncogenic and metastatic processes in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Goto
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoko Kojima
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rika Nishikawa
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Enokida
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Chiyomaru
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kinoshita
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Naya
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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176
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Gontero P, Marra G, Soria F, Oderda M, Zitella A, Baratta F, Chiorino G, Gregnanin I, Daniele L, Cattel L, Frea B, Brusa P. A randomized double-blind placebo controlled phase I-II study on clinical and molecular effects of dietary supplements in men with precancerous prostatic lesions. Chemoprevention or "chemopromotion"? Prostate 2015; 75:1177-86. [PMID: 25893930 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antioxidants effectiveness in prostate cancer (PCa) chemoprevention has been severely questioned, especially after the recent results of the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial. We present the results of a double-blind randomized controlled trial (dbRCT) on the pharmacokinetic, clinical, and molecular activity of dietary supplements containing lycopene, selenium, and green tea catechins (GTCs) in men with multifocal high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mHGPIN) and/or atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP). METHODS From 2009 to 2014, we conducted a dbRCT including 60 patients with primary mHGPIN and/or ASAP receiving daily lycopene 35 mg, selenium 55 µg, and GTCs 600 mg, or placebo for 6 months. Pharmacokinetic analysis were performed with UV-Visible spectrophotometric assay under standard (SC) and accelerated (AC) conditions. Upon plasma lycopene concentrations falling within the expected range (1.2-90 mcg/l) and no side-effects of grade >1, study proceeded to phase II (n = 50). After unblinding of results, eight men (4 per arm, 2 without and 2 with PCa, respectively) were randomly selected and totRNA extracted from "non-pathological" tissues. MicroRNA profiling was performed with the Agilent platform. Raw data processing used R-statistical language and linear models for microarray analysis. RESULTS Samples were stable except for lycopene, showing significant degradation (SC = 56%, AC = 59%) and consequently stabilized under vacuum in a dark packaging. Mean plasmatic lycopene concentration was 1,45 ± 0,4 μM. At 6 months, 53 men underwent re-biopsy and 13 (24.5%) were diagnosed with PCa (supplementation n = 10, placebo n = 3 [P = 0.053]). At a mean 37 months follow-up, 3 additional PCa were found in the placebo group. No significant variations in PSA, IPSS, and PR25 questionnaires were observed. Stronger modulation of miRNAs was present on re-biopsy in the supplementation group compared to the placebo, including: (i) overexpression of miRNAs present in PCa versus non-cancer tissue; (ii) underexpression of miRNAs suppressing PCa proliferation; (iii) detection of 35 miRNAs in PCa patients versus disease-free men, including androgen-regulated miR-125b-5p and PTEN-targeting miR-92a-3p (both upregulated). CONCLUSION Administration of high doses of lycopene, GTCs, and selenium in men harboring HGPIN and/or ASAP was associated with a higher incidence of PCa at re-biopsy and expression of microRNAs implicated in PCa progression at molecular analysis. The use of these supplements should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gontero
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marra
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Soria
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Oderda
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Zitella
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Baratta
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, Biella, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Daniele
- Department of Pathology, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattel
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Bruno Frea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Brusa
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Liu N, Sun YY, Zhang XW, Chen S, Wang Y, Zhang ZX, Song SW, Qiu GB, Fu WN. Oncogenic miR-23a in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinogenesis Via Inhibiting APAF1. Dig Dis Sci 2015. [PMID: 25701323 DOI: 10.1007/s10620- 015-3588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-23a, which participates in invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells into the mesothelial barrier, is a critical regulator in many cancers. It, however, is still unknown whether miR-23a regulates pancreatic cell proliferation and apoptosis or not. AIMS We sought to investigate the role of miR-23a in regulation of pancreatic cell proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS miRNA, mRNA, and protein expressions were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used in detection for binding ability of miR-23a to APAF1. Ectopic miR-23a and APAF 1 were introduced to pancreatic cells, and their roles in proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT, colony formation, and apoptosis assays, respectively. RESULTS Up-regulation of miR-23a and down-regulation of APAF 1 were found in pancreatic ductal cancer, respectively. miR-23a significantly inhibited the luciferase activity by targeting APAF 1 3'UTR. Ectopic miR-23a significantly suppressed the APAF 1 gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Similar to siAPAF1, miR-23a significantly promoted pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and repressed apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-23a inhibitor and exogenous APAF 1 could recover the effects. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that miR-23a, acting as an oncogenic regulator by directly targeting APAF 1 in pancreatic cancer, is a useful potential biomarker in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110013, People's Republic of China,
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Oncogenic miR-23a in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinogenesis Via Inhibiting APAF1. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2000-8. [PMID: 25701323 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-23a, which participates in invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells into the mesothelial barrier, is a critical regulator in many cancers. It, however, is still unknown whether miR-23a regulates pancreatic cell proliferation and apoptosis or not. AIMS We sought to investigate the role of miR-23a in regulation of pancreatic cell proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS miRNA, mRNA, and protein expressions were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used in detection for binding ability of miR-23a to APAF1. Ectopic miR-23a and APAF 1 were introduced to pancreatic cells, and their roles in proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT, colony formation, and apoptosis assays, respectively. RESULTS Up-regulation of miR-23a and down-regulation of APAF 1 were found in pancreatic ductal cancer, respectively. miR-23a significantly inhibited the luciferase activity by targeting APAF 1 3'UTR. Ectopic miR-23a significantly suppressed the APAF 1 gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Similar to siAPAF1, miR-23a significantly promoted pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and repressed apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-23a inhibitor and exogenous APAF 1 could recover the effects. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that miR-23a, acting as an oncogenic regulator by directly targeting APAF 1 in pancreatic cancer, is a useful potential biomarker in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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179
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Kelly PS, Breen L, Gallagher C, Kelly S, Henry M, Lao NT, Meleady P, O'Gorman D, Clynes M, Barron N. Re-programming CHO cell metabolism using miR-23 tips the balance towards a highly productive phenotype. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1029-40. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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180
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Kwok HH, Chan LS, Poon PY, Yue PYK, Wong RNS. Ginsenoside-Rg1 induces angiogenesis by the inverse regulation of MET tyrosine kinase receptor expression through miR-23a. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 287:276-83. [PMID: 26115870 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis has been implicated in ischemic diseases and wound healing. Ginsenoside-Rg1 (Rg1), one of the most abundant active components of ginseng, has been demonstrated as an angiogenesis-stimulating compound in different models. There is increasing evidence implicating microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of non-coding RNAs, as important regulators of angiogenesis, but the role of microRNAs in Rg1-induced angiogenesis has not been fully explored. In this report, we found that stimulating endothelial cells with Rg1 could reduce miR-23a expression. In silico experiments predicted hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET), a well-established mediator of angiogenesis, as the target of miR-23a. Transfection of the miR-23a precursor or inhibitor oligonucleotides validated the inverse relationship of miR-23a and MET expression. Luciferase reporter assays further confirmed the interaction between miR-23a and the MET mRNA 3'-UTR. Intriguingly, ginsenoside-Rg1 was found to increase MET protein expression in a time-dependent manner. We further demonstrated that ginsenoside-Rg1-induced angiogenic activities were indeed mediated through the down-regulation of miR-23a and subsequent up-regulation of MET protein expression, as confirmed by gain- and loss-of-function angiogenic experiments. In summary, our results demonstrated that ginsenoside-Rg1 could induce angiogenesis by the inverse regulation of MET tyrosine kinase receptor expression through miR-23a. This study has broadened our understanding of the non-genomic effects of ginsenoside-Rg1, and provided molecular evidence that warrant further development of natural compound as novel angiogenesis-promoting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Hin Kwok
- Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lai-Sheung Chan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Po-Ying Poon
- Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick Ying-Kit Yue
- Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ricky Ngok-Shun Wong
- Dr. Gilbert Hung Ginseng Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Families of microRNAs Expressed in Clusters Regulate Cell Signaling in Cervical Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12773-90. [PMID: 26057746 PMCID: PMC4490472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells have developed advantages to acquire hallmarks of cancer like apoptosis resistance, increased proliferation, migration, and invasion through cell signaling pathway misregulation. The sequential activation of genes in a pathway is regulated by miRNAs. Loss or gain of miRNA expression could activate or repress a particular cell axis. It is well known that aberrant miRNA expression is well recognized as an important step in the development of cancer. Individual miRNA expression is reported without considering that miRNAs are grouped in clusters and may have similar functions, such as the case of clusters with anti-oncomiRs (23b~27b~24-1, miR-29a~29b-1, miR-29b-2~29c, miR-99a~125b-2, miR-99b~125a, miR-100~125b-1, miR-199a-2~214, and miR-302s) or oncomiRs activity (miR-1-1~133a-2, miR-1-2~133a-1, miR-133b~206, miR-17~92, miR-106a~363, miR183~96~182, miR-181a-1~181b-1, and miR-181a-2~181b-2), which regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), NOTCH, proteasome-culling rings, and apoptosis cell signaling. In this work we point out the pathways regulated by families of miRNAs grouped in 20 clusters involved in cervical cancer. Reviewing how miRNA families expressed in cluster-regulated cell path signaling will increase the knowledge of cervical cancer progression, providing important information for therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic methodology design.
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182
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Lu K, Wang J, Song Y, Zhao S, Liu H, Tang D, Pan B, Zhao H, Zhang Q. miRNA-24-3p promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in human breast cancer by targeting p27Kip1. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:995-1002. [PMID: 26044523 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are often aberrantly expressed in breast cancer and are postulated to play a role in its initiation and progression. In the present study, we found that the expression level of miR-24-3p was upregulated in breast cancer in comparison with the level in adjacent normal tissues. Overexpression of miR-24-3p was able to promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis in MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-468 cells. With the bioinformatic method, we further identified that p27Kip1 is a direct target of miR-24-3p, and its protein level was negatively regulated by miR-24-3p. Therefore, the data reported here demonstrate that miR-24-3p is an important regulator in breast cancer, and imply that the miR-24-3p/p27Kip1 axis has potential as a therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangping Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Shu Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Dabei Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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MicroRNA and Breast Cancer: Understanding Pathogenesis, Improving Management. Noncoding RNA 2015; 1:17-43. [PMID: 29861413 PMCID: PMC5932537 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna1010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of the microRNAs in the early 1990s has proven to be a tremendously significant development within the purview of gene regulation. They participate in the regulation of a broad assembly of processes vital to proper cell function and the perturbation of these pathways following alteration of miRNA expression is strongly believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the miRNAs that have to date been well-characterized in the context of human breast neoplasia. Detailed discussion will center around their role in tumor initiation and progression, control of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cell formation, use as biomarkers in tissues and circulation, as well as their role in cancer treatment. In addition, attention will be given to topics which remain underexplored, such as miRNA control of cancer cell metabolism and the genomic/epigenetic origins underlying the preliminary disruption of miRNA expression in disease. This review will also address and attempt to resolve instances where discordant, inter-study findings have been reported (examples of which are replete in the literature) while also identifying bottlenecks hampering progress in miRNA research and other challenges that confront this fledgling but promising field of biomedical research.
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184
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Morey TM, Roufayel R, Johnston DS, Fletcher AS, Mosser DD. Heat shock inhibition of CDK5 increases NOXA levels through miR-23a repression. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11443-54. [PMID: 25829494 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.625988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a proteotoxic stress that is lethal when exposure is extreme but also cytoprotective in that sublethal exposure leads to the synthesis of heat shock proteins, including HSP70, which are able to inhibit stress-induced apoptosis. CDK5 is an atypical cyclin-dependent kinase family member that regulates many cellular functions including motility and survival. Here we show that exposure of a human lymphoid cell line to hyperthermia causes CDK5 insolubilization and loss of tyrosine-15 phosphorylation, both of which were prevented in cells overexpressing HSP70. Inhibition of CDK5 activity with roscovitine-sensitized cells to heat induced apoptosis indicating a protective role for CDK5 in inhibiting heat-induced apoptosis. Both roscovitine and heat shock treatment caused increased accumulation of NOXA a pro-apoptotic BH3-only member of the BCL2 family. The increased abundance of NOXA by CDK5 inhibition was not a result of changes in NOXA protein turnover. Instead, CDK5 inhibition increased NOXA mRNA and protein levels by decreasing the expression of miR-23a, whereas overexpressing the CDK5 activator p35 attenuated both of these effects on NOXA and miR-23a expression. Lastly, overexpression of miR-23a prevented apoptosis under conditions in which CDK5 activity was inhibited. These results demonstrate that CDK5 activity provides resistance to heat-induced apoptosis through the expression of miR-23a and subsequent suppression of NOXA synthesis. Additionally, they indicate that hyperthermia induces apoptosis through the insolubilization and inhibition of CDK5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M Morey
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Rabih Roufayel
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Donald S Johnston
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Andrew S Fletcher
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dick D Mosser
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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185
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Chen W, Qi J, Bao G, Wang T, Du CW, Wang MD. Emerging role of microRNA-27a in human malignant glioma cell survival via targeting of prohibitin. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1515-23. [PMID: 25777779 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) function as oncogenes and tumor suppressors, and have roles in most cellular processes. To date, the possible role of miR-27a, which is part of the miR-23a/27a/24-2 cluster, in malignant gliomas has remained elusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the role of miR-27a in glioma and its potential target. Through transfection with miR-27a inhibitor or oligonucleotide mimics, the impact of miR-27a silencing or overexpression on the growth, apoptosis, cell cycle and invasiveness of U251 and U87MG cells was examined in vitro. The present study initially identified the potential target of miR-27a in glioma cells through a bioinformatics analysis, which was used for screening of the literature on the proteomics of gliomas. Prohibitin (PHB) was then confirmed as a target by absolute luciferase reporter assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Treatment with miR-27a mimics oligonucleotides suppressed U251 cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis by inducing G2/M phase arrest, and impaired the invasive potential of U251 cells in vitro. In addition, miR-27a expression was downregulated in glioma tissues. A PHB-3'-untranslated region luciferase reporter assay confirmed PHB as a direct target gene of miR-27a. PHB mRNA expression was reversely correlated with levels of miR-27a in U251 cells. Overexpression of miR-27a in U251 cells at 72 h and 96 h post‑transfection with miR-27a mimics significantly decreased PHB protein expression by 17.2% and 43.9%, respectively. In conclusion, miR-27a was shown to be a significant tumor suppressor by targeting and decreasing PHB protein expression in glioma U251 cells. miR-27a targeting of PHB may be a novel potential therapeutic strategy for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qi
- Institute of Transfusion Research, Shaanxi Blood Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Wang Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mao-De Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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186
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Fluctuating expression of microRNAs in adenovirus infected cells. Virology 2015; 478:99-111. [PMID: 25744056 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The changes in cellular microRNA (miRNA) expression during the course of an adenovirus type 2 infection in human lung fibroblast were studied by deep RNA sequencing. Expressions of 175 miRNAs with over 100 transcripts per million nucleotides were changed more than 1.5-fold. The expression patterns of these miRNAs changed dramatically during the course of the infection, from upregulation of the miRNAs known as tumor suppressors (such as miR-22, miR-320, let-7, miR-181b, and miR-155) and down-regulation of oncogenic miRNAs (such as miR-21 and miR-31) early to downregulation of tumor suppressor miRNAs (such as let-7 family, mir-30 family, 23/27 cluster) and upregulation of oncogenic miRNAs (include miR-125, miR-27, miR-191) late after infection. The switch in miRNA expression pattern occurred when adenovirus DNA replication started. Furthermore, deregulation of cellular miRNA expression was a step-wise and special sets of miRNAs were deregulated in different phases of infection.
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187
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Honegger A, Schilling D, Bastian S, Sponagel J, Kuryshev V, Sültmann H, Scheffner M, Hoppe-Seyler K, Hoppe-Seyler F. Dependence of intracellular and exosomal microRNAs on viral E6/E7 oncogene expression in HPV-positive tumor cells. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004712. [PMID: 25760330 PMCID: PMC4356518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause cervical cancer. Cervical cancers exhibit aberrant cellular microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns. By genome-wide analyses, we investigate whether the intracellular and exosomal miRNA compositions of HPV-positive cancer cells are dependent on endogenous E6/E7 oncogene expression. Deep sequencing studies combined with qRT-PCR analyses show that E6/E7 silencing significantly affects ten of the 52 most abundant intracellular miRNAs in HPV18-positive HeLa cells, downregulating miR-17-5p, miR-186-5p, miR-378a-3p, miR-378f, miR-629-5p and miR-7-5p, and upregulating miR-143-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-23b-3p and miR-27b-3p. The effects of E6/E7 silencing on miRNA levels are mainly not dependent on p53 and similarly observed in HPV16-positive SiHa cells. The E6/E7-regulated miRNAs are enriched for species involved in the control of cell proliferation, senescence and apoptosis, suggesting that they contribute to the growth of HPV-positive cancer cells. Consistently, we show that sustained E6/E7 expression is required to maintain the intracellular levels of members of the miR-17~92 cluster, which reduce expression of the anti-proliferative p21 gene in HPV-positive cancer cells. In exosomes secreted by HeLa cells, a distinct seven-miRNA-signature was identified among the most abundant miRNAs, with significant downregulation of let-7d-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-378a-3p, miR-423-3p, miR-7-5p, miR-92a-3p and upregulation of miR-21-5p, upon E6/E7 silencing. Several of the E6/E7-dependent exosomal miRNAs have also been linked to the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis. This study represents the first global analysis of intracellular and exosomal miRNAs and shows that viral oncogene expression affects the abundance of multiple miRNAs likely contributing to the E6/E7-dependent growth of HPV-positive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Honegger
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers (F065), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Schilling
- Cancer Genome Research (B063), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Bastian
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers (F065), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Sponagel
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers (F065), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Kuryshev
- Cancer Genome Research (B063), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Cancer Genome Research (B063), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Scheffner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karin Hoppe-Seyler
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers (F065), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Hoppe-Seyler
- Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers (F065), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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188
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Butterworth MB. MicroRNAs and the regulation of aldosterone signaling in the kidney. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C521-7. [PMID: 25673770 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00026.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of small noncoding RNAs, termed microRNAs (miRs), in development and disease has been recognized for many years. The number of miRs and regulated targets that reinforce a role for miRs in human disease and disease progression is ever-increasing. However, less is known about the involvement of miRs in steady-state, nondisease homeostatic pathways. In the kidney, much of the regulated ion transport is under the control of hormonal signaling. Evidence is emerging that miRs are involved in the hormonal regulation of kidney function and, particularly, in ion transport. In this short review, the production and intra- and extracellular signaling of miRs and the involvement of miRs in kidney disease are discussed. The discussion also focuses on the role of these small biological molecules in the homeostatic control of ion transport in the kidney. MiR regulation of and by corticosteroid hormones, in particular the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone, is considered. While information about the role of aldosterone-regulated miRs in the kidney is limited, an increase in the research in this area will undoubtedly highlight the involvement of miRs as central mediators of hormonal signaling in normal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Butterworth
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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189
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Wang G, Li B, Fu Y, He M, Wang J, Shen P, Bai L. miR-23a suppresses proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by targeting SATB1. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4715-21. [PMID: 25619478 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that microRNAs are involved in multiple processes in cancer development and progression. Recent studies have shown that miR-23a functions as an oncogene in various human cancer types, but its role in osteosarcoma remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that miR-23a is frequently downregulated in osteosarcoma specimens and cell lines compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues and cell line. Bioinformatics analysis further revealed SATB1 as a potential target of miR-23a. Data from luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-23a directly binds to the 3'UTR of SATB1 messenger RNA (mRNA). Furthermore, we found that expression patterns of miR-23a were inversely correlated with those of SATB1 in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, and overexpression of miR-23a suppressed SATB1 expression at both transcriptional and translational levels in osteosarcoma cell lines. In functional assays, miR-23a inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation, which could be reversed by overexpression of SATB1. Furthermore, knockdown of SATB1 reduced osteosarcoma cell proliferation, which resembled the inhibitory effects of miR-23a overexpression. Taken together, our data provide compelling evidence that miR-23a functions as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma, and its inhibitory effect on tumor are mediated chiefly through downregulation of SATB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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190
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Goto Y, Kurozumi A, Enokida H, Ichikawa T, Seki N. Functional significance of aberrantly expressed microRNAs in prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2015; 22:242-52. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Goto
- Departments of Functional Genomics; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
- Department of Urology; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
| | - Akira Kurozumi
- Departments of Functional Genomics; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
- Department of Urology; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
| | - Hideki Enokida
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of Urology; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Departments of Functional Genomics; Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba Japan
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191
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Loveday EK, Diederich S, Pasick J, Jean F. Human microRNA-24 modulates highly pathogenic avian-origin H5N1 influenza A virus infection in A549 cells by targeting secretory pathway furin. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:30-39. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.068585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Kate Loveday
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sandra Diederich
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - John Pasick
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - François Jean
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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192
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Li C, Sun W, Du H, Zhou D, Chen J, Zhang L, Shao J. miRNAs Expression and Role of Dicer on Podocyte Injury in PAN Nephrosis Rats. Chin Med 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2015.61002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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193
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Gao Y, Liu Y, Du L, Li J, Qu A, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang C. Down-regulation of miR-24-3p in colorectal cancer is associated with malignant behavior. Med Oncol 2014; 32:362. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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194
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Liu YX, Ma Y, Long XD. Progress in research of microRNA-24. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:5106-5113. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i33.5106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenous, small, and noncoding RNAs of 18-24 nucleotides in length that regulate tissue/organ development, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis and play an essential role in the development and progression of tumors. This paper will discuss the biological characteristics of microRNA-24 and its biological role in tumors and non-tumor diseases, with an aim to provide new clues to disease diagnosis and treatment to reduce the mortality of patients.
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195
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Roufayel R, Johnston DS, Mosser DD. The elimination of miR-23a in heat-stressed cells promotes NOXA-induced cell death and is prevented by HSP70. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1546. [PMID: 25429623 PMCID: PMC4260742 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein-damaging stress stimulates cell destruction through apoptosis; however, non-lethal proteotoxic stress induces an adaptive response leading to the increased synthesis of heat shock proteins, which inhibit apoptosis. In this study, we sought to determine the mechanism responsible for the accumulation of the BH3-only protein NOXA in heat-stressed cells and its prevention by the heat shock protein HSP70. Analysis of transcript levels by RT-qPCR revealed that miR-23a levels decreased in heat-stressed cells and that this was correlated with an increased abundance of NOXA mRNA, which contains a miR-23a binding site in its 3′ untranslated region. Cells overexpressing HSP70 had higher levels of miR-23a, maintained these levels after heat shock and accumulated lower levels of NOXA mRNA and protein. The enhanced abundance of mir-23a in these HSP70-expressing cells is primarily due to its increased stability although higher levels of pri/pre-miR-23a expression, nuclear export and maturation were also contributing factors. Stable overexpression of miR-23a in the acute lymphoblastic T-cell line PEER resulted in reduced basal and heat-induced levels of NOXA mRNA and significantly inhibited heat-induced apoptosis. Additionally, stable overexpression of an shRNA targeting miR-23a in U937 lymphoma cells produced stable knockdown of miR-23a and resulted in increased NOXA mRNA and an increased sensitivity to heat-induced apoptosis. These results demonstrate the novel finding that hyperthermia affects the abundance of a microRNA that targets the expression of a pro-apoptotic protein and that HSP70 protects cells from heat-induced apoptosis by regulating the abundance of this microRNA. We speculate that the inhibition of miRNA transcription in heat-stressed cells could represent a general mechanism for apoptosis induction that is regulated by the molecular chaperone protein HSP70. Furthermore, we propose that HSP70 could be beneficial to tumor cells by helping to maintain the expression of oncogenic miRNAs under conditions of cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roufayel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D S Johnston
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D D Mosser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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196
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Tarasov VA, Matishov DG, Shin EF, Boyko NV, Timoshkina NN, Makhotkin MA, Lomonosov AM, Kirpiy AA, Kit OI, Maximov AY. Coordinated aberrant expression of miRNAs in colon cancer. RUSS J GENET+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795414080109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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197
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Shang J, Yang F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xue G, Mei Q, Wang F, Sun S. MicroRNA-23a antisense enhances 5-fluorouracil chemosensitivity through APAF-1/caspase-9 apoptotic pathway in colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:772-84. [PMID: 24249161 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current literature provided information that alteration in microRNA expression impacted sensitivity or resistance of certain tumor types to anticancer treatment, including the possible intracellular pathways. The microRNA-23a (miR-23a)-regulated apoptosis in response to the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway was determined in this study. The miR-23a expression in 5-FU-treated and untreated colon cancer cells and tissues was assessed using real-time PCR analysis. To determine the function of miR-23a in the regulation of 5-FU-induced apoptosis, cell-proliferation, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis analyses were performed. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the apoptosis-related target gene for miR-23a. The activity of caspases-3, -7, and -9 were also assessed in miR-23a antisense and 5-FU treated tumor cells. A xenograft tumor model was established to evaluate the biological relevance of altered miR-23a expression to the 5-FU-based chemotherapy in vivo. We found that the expression of miR-23a was increased and the level of apoptosis-activating factor-1 (APAF-1) was decreased in 5-FU-treated colon cancer cells compared to untreated cells. The activation of the caspases-3 and 7 was increased in miR-23a antisense and 5-FU-treated colon cancer cells compared to negative control. APAF-1, as a target gene of miR-23a, was identified and miR-23a antisense-induced increase in the activation of caspase-9 was observed. The overexpression of miR-23a antisense up-regulated the 5-FU induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. However, the miR-23a knockdown did not increase the antitumor effect of 5-FU in xenograft model of colon cancer. This study shows that miR-23a antisense enhanced 5-FU-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells through the APAF-1/caspase-9 apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Shang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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198
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Tian Y, Fu S, Qiu GB, Xu ZM, Liu N, Zhang XW, Chen S, Wang Y, Sun KL, Fu WN. MicroRNA-27a promotes proliferation and suppresses apoptosis by targeting PLK2 in laryngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:678. [PMID: 25239093 PMCID: PMC4177177 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background miRNA-27a has been confirmed as an important regulator in carcinogenesis and other pathological processes. Whether and how it plays a role in the laryngeal carcinoma is unknown. Methods Mature miRNA-27a expression in laryngeal cancer was detected by qRT-PCR. Gain-of-function studies using mature miR-27a were performed to investigate cell proliferation and apoptosis in the Hep2 cells. In silico database analysis and luciferase reporter assay were applied to predict and validate the direct target, respectively. Loss-of-function assays were performed to investigate the functional significance of the miR-27a target gene. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate mRNA and protein levels of the target, respectively. Results miR-27a was significantly up-regulated in the laryngeal tumor tissues compared to the adjacent non-tumor tissues. In silico database analysis result revealed that PLK2 is a potential target of miR-27a. luciferase reporter assay result showed the direct inhibition of miR-27a on PLK2-3′UTR. In the cases with miR-27a up-regulation, PLK2 protein expression level was significantly lower in cancer tissues than that in the adjacent non-tumor tissues, which showed a negative correlation with miR-27a expression level. Both miR-27a and knockdown of PLK2 caused the increase of the cell viability and colony formation and inhibition of the late apoptosis in the Hep2 cell lines. Moreover, miR-27a but not PLK2 also repressed the early apoptosis in the Hep2 cells. Additionally, no alteration of the Hep2 cell cycle induced by miR-27a was detected. Conclusions miR-27a acts as an oncogene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma through down-regulation of PLK2 and may provide a novel clue into the potential mechanism of LSCC oncogenesis or serve as a useful biomarker in diagnosis and therapy in laryngeal cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-678) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guang-Bin Qiu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.
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199
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Omer A, Singh P, Yadav NK, Singh RK. microRNAs: role in leukemia and their computational perspective. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2014; 6:65-78. [PMID: 25132152 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to the family of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and had gained importance due to its role in complex biochemical pathways. Changes in the expression of protein coding genes are the major cause of leukemia. Role of miRNAs as tumor suppressors has provided a new insight in the field of leukemia research. Particularly, the miRNAs mediated gene regulation involves the modulation of multiple mRNAs and cooperative action of different miRNAs to regulate a particular gene expression. This highly complex array of regulatory pathway network indicates the great possibility in analyzing and identifying novel findings. Owing to the conventional, slow experimental identification process of miRNAs and their targets, the last decade has witnessed the development of a large amount of computational approaches to deal with the complex interrelations present within biological systems. This article describes the various roles played by miRNAs in regulating leukemia and the role of computational approaches in exploring new possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Omer
- Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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Riemondy K, Hoefert JE, Yi R. Not miR-ly micromanagers: the functions and regulatory networks of microRNAs in mammalian skin. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2014; 5:849-65. [PMID: 25044412 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The microRNA (miRNA) pathway is a widespread mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation in eukaryotic cells. In animals, each miRNA species can regulate hundreds of protein-coding genes, resulting in pervasive functions for miRNAs in numerous cellular processes. Since the identification of the first mammalian miRNA, the function of miRNAs in mammals has been a topic of great interest, both because of the versatile roles of miRNAs in biological systems, as well as the clinical potential of these regulatory RNAs. With well-defined cell lineages and the availability of versatile tools for both in vivo and in vitro studies, mammalian skin has emerged as an important system in which to examine miRNAs' functions in adult tissues. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the functions and regulatory networks of miRNAs in mammals, with a specific focus on murine skin development as a model system. We first introduce functional analyses of the miRNA biogenesis pathway in the skin, then highlight the functions of individual miRNAs in skin development, followed by an examination of miRNA roles in skin stress responses. We finish with a discussion of miRNA regulatory networks and emphasize future challenges and emerging technologies that permit the genome-wide study of miRNA functions and regulatory mechanisms in mammalian skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Riemondy
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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