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Bayerl SH, Niesner R, Cseresnyes Z, Radbruch H, Pohlan J, Brandenburg S, Czabanka MA, Vajkoczy P. Time lapse in vivo microscopy reveals distinct dynamics of microglia-tumor environment interactions-a new role for the tumor perivascular space as highway for trafficking microglia. Glia 2016; 64:1210-26. [PMID: 27143298 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells are critical for glioma growth and progression. However, only little is known about intratumoral microglial behavior and the dynamic interaction with the tumor. Currently the scarce understanding of microglial appearance in malignant gliomas merely originates from histological studies and in vitro investigations. In order to understand the pattern of microglia activity, motility and migration we designed an intravital study in an orthotopic murine glioma model using CX3CR1-eGFP(GFP/wt) mice. We analysed the dynamics of intratumoral microglia accumulation and activity, as well as microglia/tumor blood vessel interaction by epi-illumination and 2-photon laser scanning microscopy. We further investigated cellular and tissue function, including the enzyme activity of intratumoral and microglial NADPH oxidase measured by in vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging. We identified three morphological phenotypes of tumor-associated microglia cells with entirely different motility patterns. We found that NADPH oxidase activation is highly divergent in these microglia subtypes leading to different production levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We observed that microglia motility is highest within the perivascular niche, suggesting relevance of microglia/tumor blood vessel interactions. In line, reduction of tumor blood vessels by antivascular therapy confirmed the relevance of the tumor vessel compartment on microglia biology in brain tumors. In summary, we provide new insights into in vivo microglial behavior, regarding both morphology and function, in malignant gliomas. GLIA 2016;64:1210-1226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Heinrich Bayerl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca Niesner
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoltan Cseresnyes
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Pohlan
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susan Brandenburg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Alexander Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
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152
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Sareddy GR, Li X, Liu J, Viswanadhapalli S, Garcia L, Gruslova A, Cavazos D, Garcia M, Strom AM, Gustafsson JA, Tekmal RR, Brenner A, Vadlamudi RK. Selective Estrogen Receptor β Agonist LY500307 as a Novel Therapeutic Agent for Glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24185. [PMID: 27126081 PMCID: PMC4850367 DOI: 10.1038/srep24185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM), deadly brain tumors, have greater incidence in males than females. Epidemiological evidence supports a tumor suppressive role of estrogen; however, estrogen as a potential therapy for GBM is limited due to safety concerns. Since GBM express ERβ, a second receptor for estrogen, targeting ERβ with a selective agonist may be a potential novel GBM therapy. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic effect of the selective synthetic ERβ agonist LY500307 using in vitro and in vivo GBM models. Treatment with LY500307 significantly reduced the proliferation of GBM cells with no activity on normal astrocytes in vitro. ERβ agonists promoted apoptosis of GBM cells, and mechanistic studies using RNA sequencing revealed that LY500307 modulated several pathways related to apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA damage response. Further, LY500307 sensitized GBM cells to several FDA-approved chemotherapeutic drugs including cisplatin, lomustine and temozolomide. LY500307 treatment significantly reduced the in vivo tumor growth and promoted apoptosis of GBM tumors in an orthotopic model and improved the overall survival of tumor-bearing mice in the GL26 syngeneic glioma model. Our results demonstrate that LY500307 has potential as a therapeutic agent for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhara R Sareddy
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiaonan Li
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Jinyou Liu
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Lauren Garcia
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Aleksandra Gruslova
- Cancer Therapy &Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - David Cavazos
- Cancer Therapy &Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Mike Garcia
- Cancer Therapy &Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | - Rajeshwar Rao Tekmal
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Andrew Brenner
- Cancer Therapy &Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA.,Hematology &Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA.,Cancer Therapy &Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX 78229, USA
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153
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Hodges TR, Ferguson SD, Caruso HG, Kohanbash G, Zhou S, Cloughesy TF, Berger MS, Poste GH, Khasraw M, Ba S, Jiang T, Mikkelson T, Yung WKA, de Groot JF, Fine H, Cantley LC, Mellinghoff IK, Mitchell DA, Okada H, Heimberger AB. Prioritization schema for immunotherapy clinical trials in glioblastoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1145332. [PMID: 27471611 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1145332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) such as dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, heat shock proteins, peptide vaccines, and adoptive T-cell therapeutics, to name a few, have transitioned from the bench to clinical trials. With upcoming strategies and developing therapeutics, it is challenging to critically evaluate the practical, clinical potential of individual approaches and to advise patients on the most promising clinical trials. METHODS The authors propose a system to prioritize such therapies in an organized and data-driven fashion. This schema is based on four categories of factors: antigenic target robustness, immune-activation and -effector responses, preclinical vetting, and early evidence of clinical response. Each of these categories is subdivided to focus on the most salient elements for developing a successful immunotherapeutic approach for GBM, and a numerical score is generated. RESULTS The Score Card reveals therapeutics that have the most robust data to support their use, provides a reference prioritization score, and can be applied in a reiterative fashion with emerging data. CONCLUSIONS The authors hope that this schema will give physicians an evidence-based and rational framework to make the best referral decisions to better guide and serve this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R Hodges
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sherise D Ferguson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hillary G Caruso
- The Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurosurgery, the University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco, USA
| | - Shouhao Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, the University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mitchel S Berger
- Department of Neurosurgery, the University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | - Sujuan Ba
- The National Foundation for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA, Asian Fund for Cancer Research , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Tom Mikkelson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - W K Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - John F de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Howard Fine
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- Department of Neurology and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, the University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
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154
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Resende FFB, Bai X, Del Bel EA, Kirchhoff F, Scheller A, Titze-de-Almeida R. Evaluation of TgH(CX3CR1-EGFP) mice implanted with mCherry-GL261 cells as an in vivo model for morphometrical analysis of glioma-microglia interaction. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:72. [PMID: 26856327 PMCID: PMC4746826 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive brain tumor. Microglia are prominent cells within glioma tissue and play important roles in tumor biology. This work presents an animal model designed for the study of microglial cell morphology in situ during gliomagenesis. It also allows a quantitative morphometrical analysis of microglial cells during their activation by glioma cells. Methods The animal model associates the following cell types: 1- mCherry red fluorescent GL261 glioma cells and; 2- EGFP fluorescent microglia, present in the TgH(CX3CR1-EGFP) mouse line. First, mCherry-GL261 glioma cells were implanted in the brain cortex of TgH(CX3CR1-EGFP) mice. Epifluorescence − and confocal laser-scanning microscopy were employed for analysis of fixed tissue sections, whereas two-photon laser-scanning microscopy (2P-LSM) was used to track tumor cells and microglia in the brain of living animals. Results Implanted mCherry-GL261 cells successfully developed brain tumors. They mimic the aggressive behavior found in human disease, with a rapid increase in size and the presence of secondary tumors apart from the injection site. As tumor grows, mCherry-GL261 cells progressively lost their original shape, adopting a heterogeneous and diffuse morphology at 14–18 d. Soma size increased from 10–52 μm. At this point, we focused on the kinetics of microglial access to glioma tissues. 2P-LSM revealed an intense microgliosis in brain areas already shortly after tumor implantation, i.e. at 30 min. By confocal microscopy, we found clusters of microglial cells around the tumor mass in the first 3 days. Then cells infiltrated the tumor area, where they remained during all the time points studied, from 6–18 days. Microglia in contact with glioma cells also present changes in cell morphology, from a ramified to an amoeboid shape. Cell bodies enlarged from 366 ± 0.0 μm2, in quiescent microglia, to 1310 ± 146.0 μm2, and the cell processes became shortened. Conclusions The GL261/CX3CR1 mouse model reported here is a valuable tool for imaging of microglial cells during glioma growth, either in fixed tissue sections or living animals. Remarkable advantages are the use of immunocompetent animals and the simplified imaging method without the need of immunohistochemical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando F B Resende
- Laboratório de Tecnologias para Terapia Gênica, ASS 128, ICC Sul, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, FAV., Brasília, DF, Brasil, 70910-970. .,Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Xianshu Bai
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Elaine Aparecida Del Bel
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia e Biologia Molecular, Department Morfologia Fisiologia e Patologia Básica, FORP, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil, 14040-904.
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida
- Laboratório de Tecnologias para Terapia Gênica, ASS 128, ICC Sul, Universidade de Brasília-UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, FAV., Brasília, DF, Brasil, 70910-970.
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155
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Kirschstein T, Köhling R. Animal models of tumour-associated epilepsy. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 260:109-17. [PMID: 26092434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumours cause a sizeable proportion of epilepsies in adulthood, and actually can be etiologically responsible also for childhood epilepsies. Conversely, seizures are often first clinical signs of a brain tumour. Nevertheless, several issues of brain-tumour associated seizures and epilepsies are far from understood, or clarified regarding clinical consensus. These include both the specific mechanisms of epileptogenesis related to different tumour types, the possible relationship between malignancy and seizure emergence, the interaction between tumour mass and surrounding neuronal networks, and - not least - the best treatment options depending on different tumour types. To investigate these issues, experimental models of tumour-induced epilepsies are necessary. This review concentrates on the description of currently used models, focusing on methodological aspects. It highlights advantages and shortcomings of these models, and identifies future experimental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Kirschstein
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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156
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Householder KT, DiPerna DM, Chung EP, Wohlleb GM, Dhruv HD, Berens ME, Sirianni RW. Intravenous delivery of camptothecin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for the treatment of intracranial glioma. Int J Pharm 2015; 479:374-80. [PMID: 25562639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment of glioblastoma multiforme remains a major clinical challenge, due in part to the difficulty of delivering chemotherapeutics across the blood-brain barrier. Systemically administered drugs are often poorly bioavailable in the brain, and drug efficacy within the central nervous system can be limited by peripheral toxicity. Here, we investigate the ability of systemically administered poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) to deliver hydrophobic payloads to intracranial glioma. Hydrophobic payload encapsulated within PLGA NPs accumulated at ∼10× higher levels in tumor compared to healthy brain. Tolerability of the chemotherapeutic camptothecin (CPT) was improved by encapsulation, enabling safe administration of up to 20mg/kg drug when encapsulated within NPs. Immunohistochemistry staining for γ-H2AFX, a marker for double-strand breaks, demonstrated higher levels of drug activity in tumors treated with CPT-loaded NPs compared to free drug. CPT-loaded NPs were effective in slowing the growth of intracranial GL261 tumors in immune competent C57 albino mice, providing a significant survival benefit compared to mice receiving saline, free CPT or low dose CPT NPs (median survival of 36.5 days compared to 28, 32, 33.5 days respectively). In sum, these data demonstrate the feasibility of treating intracranial glioma with systemically administered nanoparticles loaded with the otherwise ineffective chemotherapeutic CPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Householder
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Danielle M DiPerna
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Eugene P Chung
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Gregory M Wohlleb
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Harshil D Dhruv
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 455 N. Fifth St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Michael E Berens
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 455 N. Fifth St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Rachael W Sirianni
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 879709, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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