151
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Malik BR, Maddison DC, Smith GA, Peters OM. Autophagic and endo-lysosomal dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease. Mol Brain 2019; 12:100. [PMID: 31783880 PMCID: PMC6884906 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their post-mitotic state, metabolic demands and often large polarised morphology, the function and survival of neurons is dependent on an efficient cellular waste clearance system both for generation of materials for metabolic processes and removal of toxic components. It is not surprising therefore that deficits in protein clearance can tip the balance between neuronal health and death. Here we discuss how autophagy and lysosome-mediated degradation pathways are disrupted in several neurological disorders. Both genetic and cell biological evidence show the diversity and complexity of vesicular clearance dysregulation in cells, and together may ultimately suggest a unified mechanism for neuronal demise in degenerative conditions. Causative and risk-associated mutations in Alzheimer's disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and others have given the field a unique mechanistic insight into protein clearance processes in neurons. Through their broad implication in neurodegenerative diseases, molecules involved in these genetic pathways, in particular those involved in autophagy, are emerging as appealing therapeutic targets for intervention in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal R Malik
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Daniel C Maddison
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Gaynor A Smith
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
| | - Owen M Peters
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
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152
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Bordt EA, Ceasrine AM, Bilbo SD. Microglia and sexual differentiation of the developing brain: A focus on ontogeny and intrinsic factors. Glia 2019; 68:1085-1099. [PMID: 31743527 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sexual differentiation of the brain during early development likely underlies the strong sex biases prevalent in many neurological conditions. Mounting evidence indicates that microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, are intricately involved in these sex-specific processes of differentiation. In this review, we synthesize literature demonstrating sex differences in microglial number, morphology, transcriptional state, and functionality throughout spatiotemporal development as well as highlight current literature regarding ontogeny of microglia. Along with vanRyzin et al. in this issue, we explore the idea that differences in microglia imparted by chromosomal or ontogeny-related programming can influence microglial-driven sexual differentiation of the brain, as well as the idea that extrinsic differences in the male and female brain microenvironment may in turn impart sex differences in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Bordt
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexis M Ceasrine
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Staci D Bilbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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153
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The solute carrier transporters and the brain: Physiological and pharmacological implications. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 15:131-144. [PMID: 32373195 PMCID: PMC7193445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Solute carriers (SLCs) are the largest family of transmembrane transporters that determine the exchange of various substances, including nutrients, ions, metabolites, and drugs across biological membranes. To date, the presence of about 287 SLC genes have been identified in the brain, among which mutations or the resultant dysfunctions of 71 SLC genes have been reported to be correlated with human brain disorders. Although increasing interest in SLCs have focused on drug development, SLCs are currently still under-explored as drug targets, especially in the brain. We summarize the main substrates and functions of SLCs that are expressed in the brain, with an emphasis on selected SLCs that are important physiologically, pathologically, and pharmacologically in the blood-brain barrier, astrocytes, and neurons. Evidence suggests that a fraction of SLCs are regulated along with the occurrences of brain disorders, among which epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, and autism are representative. Given the review of SLCs involved in the onset and procession of brain disorders, we hope these SLCs will be screened as promising drug targets to improve drug delivery to the brain.
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155
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dos‐Santos‐Pereira M, Guimarães FS, Del‐Bel E, Raisman‐Vozari R, Michel PP. Cannabidiol prevents LPS‐induced microglial inflammation by inhibiting ROS/NF‐κB‐dependent signaling and glucose consumption. Glia 2019; 68:561-573. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio dos‐Santos‐Pereira
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM)Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris France
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia e Patologia BásicaUniversidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
- Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA)Universidade de São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Franscisco S. Guimarães
- Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA)Universidade de São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de FarmacologiaUniversidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Elaine Del‐Bel
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia e Patologia BásicaUniversidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
- Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Neurociência Aplicada (NAPNA)Universidade de São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Rita Raisman‐Vozari
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM)Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris France
| | - Patrick P. Michel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM)Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris France
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156
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Bordone MP, Salman MM, Titus HE, Amini E, Andersen JV, Chakraborti B, Diuba AV, Dubouskaya TG, Ehrke E, Espindola de Freitas A, Braga de Freitas G, Gonçalves RA, Gupta D, Gupta R, Ha SR, Hemming IA, Jaggar M, Jakobsen E, Kumari P, Lakkappa N, Marsh APL, Mitlöhner J, Ogawa Y, Paidi RK, Ribeiro FC, Salamian A, Saleem S, Sharma S, Silva JM, Singh S, Sulakhiya K, Tefera TW, Vafadari B, Yadav A, Yamazaki R, Seidenbecher CI. The energetic brain - A review from students to students. J Neurochem 2019; 151:139-165. [PMID: 31318452 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past 20 years have resulted in unprecedented progress in understanding brain energy metabolism and its role in health and disease. In this review, which was initiated at the 14th International Society for Neurochemistry Advanced School, we address the basic concepts of brain energy metabolism and approach the question of why the brain has high energy expenditure. Our review illustrates that the vertebrate brain has a high need for energy because of the high number of neurons and the need to maintain a delicate interplay between energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and plasticity. Disturbances to the energetic balance, to mitochondria quality control or to glia-neuron metabolic interaction may lead to brain circuit malfunction or even severe disorders of the CNS. We cover neuronal energy consumption in neural transmission and basic ('housekeeping') cellular processes. Additionally, we describe the most common (glucose) and alternative sources of energy namely glutamate, lactate, ketone bodies, and medium chain fatty acids. We discuss the multifaceted role of non-neuronal cells in the transport of energy substrates from circulation (pericytes and astrocytes) and in the supply (astrocytes and microglia) and usage of different energy fuels. Finally, we address pathological consequences of disrupted energy homeostasis in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Paula Bordone
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haley E Titus
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elham Amini
- Department of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (HUKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Artem V Diuba
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatsiana G Dubouskaya
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Eric Ehrke
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Andiara Espindola de Freitas
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richa Gupta
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Sharon R Ha
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Isabel A Hemming
- Brain Growth and Disease Laboratory, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Minal Jaggar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Emil Jakobsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Punita Kumari
- Defense Institute of Physiology and allied sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Navya Lakkappa
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS college of Pharmacy, Ooty, India
| | - Ashley P L Marsh
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Mitlöhner
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yuki Ogawa
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Ahmad Salamian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Suraiya Saleem
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sorabh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Joana M Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Shripriya Singh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Kunjbihari Sulakhiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India
| | - Tesfaye Wolde Tefera
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Behnam Vafadari
- Institute of environmental medicine, UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anuradha Yadav
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Reiji Yamazaki
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Constanze I Seidenbecher
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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157
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Tang M, Park SH, De Vivo DC, Monani UR. Therapeutic strategies for glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1923-1932. [PMID: 31464092 PMCID: PMC6764625 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper development and function of the mammalian brain is critically dependent on a steady supply of its chief energy source, glucose. Such supply is mediated by the glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) protein. Paucity of the protein stemming from mutations in the associated SLC2A1 gene deprives the brain of glucose and triggers the infantile‐onset neurodevelopmental disorder, Glut1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS). Considering the monogenic nature of Glut1 DS, the disease is relatively straightforward to model and thus study. Accordingly, Glut1 DS serves as a convenient paradigm to investigate the more general cellular and molecular consequences of brain energy failure. Here, we review how Glut1 DS models have informed the biology of a prototypical brain energy failure syndrome, how these models are facilitating the development of promising new treatments for the human disease, and how important insights might emerge from the study of Glut1 DS to illuminate the myriad conditions involving the Glut1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxue Tang
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032.,Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Sarah H Park
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Darryl C De Vivo
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Umrao R Monani
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032.,Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032
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