151
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González N, Inzé D. Molecular systems governing leaf growth: from genes to networks. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1045-54. [PMID: 25601785 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis leaf growth consists of a complex sequence of interconnected events involving cell division and cell expansion, and requiring multiple levels of genetic regulation. With classical genetics, numerous leaf growth regulators have been identified, but the picture is far from complete. With the recent advances made in quantitative phenotyping, the study of the quantitative, dynamic, and multifactorial features of leaf growth is now facilitated. The use of high-throughput phenotyping technologies to study large numbers of natural accessions or mutants, or to screen for the effects of large sets of chemicals will allow for further identification of the additional players that constitute the leaf growth regulatory networks. Only a tight co-ordination between these numerous molecular players can support the formation of a functional organ. The connections between the components of the network and their dynamics can be further disentangled through gene-stacking approaches and ultimately through mathematical modelling. In this review, we describe these different approaches that should help to obtain a holistic image of the molecular regulation of organ growth which is of high interest in view of the increasing needs for plant-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie González
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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152
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Frei M. Breeding of ozone resistant rice: relevance, approaches and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 197:144-155. [PMID: 25528448 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone concentrations have been rising across Asia, and will continue to rise during the 21st century. Ozone affects rice yields through reductions in spikelet number, spikelet fertility, and grain size. Moreover, ozone leads to changes in rice grain and straw quality. Therefore the breeding of ozone tolerant rice varieties is warranted. The mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) using bi-parental populations identified several tolerance QTL mitigating symptom formation, grain yield losses, or the degradation of straw quality. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) demonstrated substantial natural genotypic variation in ozone tolerance in rice, and revealed that the genetic architecture of ozone tolerance in rice is dominated by multiple medium and small effect loci. Transgenic approaches targeting tolerance mechanisms such as antioxidant capacity are also discussed. It is concluded that the breeding of ozone tolerant rice can contribute substantially to the global food security, and is feasible using different breeding approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Frei
- INRES Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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153
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Genetic variability of Orobanche aegyptiaca infesting tobacco in Iran by Bayesian analysis. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-014-0473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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154
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Ueda Y, Frimpong F, Qi Y, Matthus E, Wu L, Höller S, Kraska T, Frei M. Genetic dissection of ozone tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by a genome-wide association study. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:293-306. [PMID: 25371505 PMCID: PMC4265164 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone causes various negative effects on plants and affects the yield and quality of agricultural crops. Here, we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) to determine candidate loci associated with ozone tolerance. A diversity panel consisting of 328 accessions representing all subgroups of O. sativa was exposed to ozone stress at 60 nl l(-1) for 7h every day throughout the growth season, or to control conditions. Averaged over all genotypes, ozone significantly affected biomass-related traits (plant height -1.0%, shoot dry weight -15.9%, tiller number -8.3%, grain weight -9.3%, total panicle weight -19.7%, single panicle weight -5.5%) and biochemical/physiological traits (symptom formation, SPAD value -4.4%, foliar lignin content +3.4%). A wide range of genotypic variance in response to ozone stress were observed in all phenotypes. Association mapping based on more than 30 000 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers yielded 16 significant markers throughout the genome by applying a significance threshold of P<0.0001. Furthermore, by determining linkage disequilibrium blocks associated with significant SNPs, we gained a total of 195 candidate genes for these traits. The following sequence analysis revealed a number of novel polymorphisms in two candidate genes for the formation of visible leaf symptoms, a RING and an EREBP gene, both of which are involved in cell death and stress defence reactions. This study demonstrated substantial natural variation of responses to ozone in rice and the possibility of using GWAS in elucidating the genetic factors underlying ozone tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Ueda
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Frimpong
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yitao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Elsa Matthus
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Linbo Wu
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie Höller
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kraska
- Campus Klein-Altendorf, University of Bonn, Klein-Altendorf 2, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Michael Frei
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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155
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Dracatos PM, Khatkar MS, Singh D, Park RF. Genetic mapping of a new race specific resistance allele effective to Puccinia hordei at the Rph9/Rph12 locus on chromosome 5HL in barley. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:1598. [PMID: 25526867 PMCID: PMC4302584 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barley is an important cereal crop cultivated for malt and ruminant feed and in certain regions it is used for human consumption. It is vulnerable to numerous foliar diseases including barley leaf rust caused by the pathogen Puccinia hordei. RESULTS A temporarily designated resistance locus RphCantala (RphC) identified in the Australian Hordeum vulgare L. cultivar 'Cantala' displayed an intermediate to low infection type (";12 = N") against the P. hordei pathotype 253P- (virulent on Rph1, Rph2, Rph4, Rph6, Rph8 and RphQ). Phenotypic assessment of a 'CI 9214' (susceptible) x 'Stirling' (RphC) (CI 9214/Stirling) doubled haploid (DH) population at the seedling stage using P. hordei pathotype 253P-, confirmed that RphC was monogenically inherited. Marker-trait association analysis of RphC in the CI 9214/Stirling DH population using 4,500 DArT-seq markers identified a highly significant (-log10Pvalue > 17) single peak on the long arm of chromosome 5H (5HL). Further tests of allelism determined that RphC was genetically independent of Rph3, Rph7, Rph11, Rph13 and Rph14, and was an allele of Rph12 (Rph9.z), which also maps to 5HL. CONCLUSION Multipathotype tests and subsequent pedigree analysis determined that 14 related Australian barley varieties (including 'Stirling' and 'Cantala') carry RphC and that the likely source of this resistance is via a Czechoslovakian landrace LV-Kvasice-NA-Morave transferred through common ancestral cultivars 'Hanna' and 'Abed Binder'. RphC is an allele of Rph12 (Rph9.z) and is therefore designated Rph9.am. Bioinformatic analysis using sequence arrays from DArT-seq markers in linkage disequilibrium with Rph9.am identified possible candidates for further gene cloning efforts and marker development at the Rph9/Rph12/Rph9.am locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Dracatos
- The University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, Private Bag 4011, Narellan, 2567, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mehar S Khatkar
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, 2570, NSW, Australia.
| | - Davinder Singh
- The University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, Private Bag 4011, Narellan, 2567, NSW, Australia.
| | - Robert F Park
- The University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, Private Bag 4011, Narellan, 2567, NSW, Australia.
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156
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Langridge P, Reynolds MP. Genomic tools to assist breeding for drought tolerance. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 32:130-135. [PMID: 25531270 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water deficit or drought stress is a major limitation to crop production globally. Plant breeders have used a wide range of technologies to successfully breed varieties that perform well under the growth conditions for their target environments but they are always seeking new opportunities to enhance rates of genetic gain. Under drought, yield is determined by the integration of variable levels of water deficit across the developmental life of the crop. Genomics technologies were seen as a path to understand the genetic and environmental complexity of drought stress. To be relevant to breeding programs, genomic studies must consider the nature of drought stress in the target environment and use plant material and phenotyping techniques that relate to field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Langridge
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia.
| | - Matthew P Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, CIMMYT, El Batan 56130, Texcoco, Mexico
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157
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Phung NTP, Mai CD, Mournet P, Frouin J, Droc G, Ta NK, Jouannic S, Lê LT, Do VN, Gantet P, Courtois B. Characterization of a panel of Vietnamese rice varieties using DArT and SNP markers for association mapping purposes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:371. [PMID: 25524444 PMCID: PMC4279583 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in crops has made it possible to mine interesting alleles hidden in gene bank resources. However, only a small fraction of the rice genetic diversity of any given country has been exploited in the studies with worldwide sampling conducted to date. This study presents the development of a panel of rice varieties from Vietnam for GWAS purposes. RESULTS The panel, initially composed of 270 accessions, was characterized for simple agronomic traits (maturity class, grain shape and endosperm type) commonly used to classify rice varieties. We first genotyped the panel using Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers. We analyzed the panel structure, identified two subpanels corresponding to the indica and japonica sub-species and selected 182 non-redundant accessions. However, the number of usable DArT markers (241 for an initial library of 6444 clones) was too small for GWAS purposes. Therefore, we characterized the panel of 182 accessions with 25,971 markers using genotyping by sequencing. The same indica and japonica subpanels were identified. The indica subpanel was further divided into six populations (I1 to I6) using a model-based approach. The japonica subpanel, which was more highly differentiated, was divided into 4 populations (J1 to J4), including a temperate type (J2). Passport data and phenotypic traits were used to characterize these populations. Some populations were exclusively composed of glutinous types (I3 and J2). Some of the upland rice varieties appeared to belong to indica populations, which is uncommon in this region of the world. Linkage disequilibrium decayed faster in the indica subpanel (r2 below 0.2 at 101 kb) than in the japonica subpanel (r2 below 0.2 at 425 kb), likely because of the strongest differentiation of the japonica subpanel. A matrix adapted for GWAS was built by eliminating the markers with a minor allele frequency below 5% and imputing the missing data. This matrix contained 21,814 markers. A GWAS was conducted on time to flowering to prove the utility of this panel. CONCLUSIONS This publicly available panel constitutes an important resource giving access to original allelic diversity. It will be used for GWAS on root and panicle traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Thi Phuong Phung
- />Agricultural Genetics Institute, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chung Duc Mai
- />Agricultural Genetics Institute, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
- />University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Gaëtan Droc
- />Cirad, UMR-AGAP, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Nhung Kim Ta
- />Agricultural Genetics Institute, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
- />IRD, UMR-DIADE, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
- />Université Montpellier 2, UMR DIADE, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Vinh Nang Do
- />Agricultural Genetics Institute, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pascal Gantet
- />IRD, UMR-DIADE, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
- />Université Montpellier 2, UMR DIADE, 34095 Montpellier, France
- />University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
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158
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Mai CD, Phung NTP, To HTM, Gonin M, Hoang GT, Nguyen KL, Do VN, Courtois B, Gantet P. Genes controlling root development in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 7:30. [PMID: 26224559 PMCID: PMC4884052 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-014-0030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we report on the recent developments made using both genetics and functional genomics approaches in the discovery of genes controlling root development in rice. QTL detection in classical biparental mapping populations initially enabled the identification of a very large number of large chromosomal segments carrying root genes. Two segments with large effects have been positionally cloned, allowing the identification of two major genes. One of these genes conferred a tolerance to low phosphate content in soil, while the other conferred a tolerance to drought by controlling root gravitropism, resulting in root system expansion deep in the soil. Findings based on the higher-resolution QTL detection offered by the development of association mapping are discussed. In parallel with genetics approaches, efforts have been made to screen mutant libraries for lines presenting alterations in root development, allowing for the identification of several genes that control different steps of root development, such as crown root and lateral root initiation and emergence, meristem patterning, and the control of root growth. Some of these genes are closely phylogenetically related to Arabidopsis genes involved in the control of lateral root initiation. This close relationship stresses the conservation among plant species of an auxin responsive core gene regulatory network involved in the control of post-embryonic root initiation. In addition, we report on several genetic regulatory pathways that have been described only in rice. The complementarities and the expected convergence of the direct and reverse genetic approaches used to decipher the genetic determinants of root development in rice are discussed in regards to the high diversity characterizing this species and to the adaptations of rice root system architecture to different edaphic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung D Mai
- />Agricultural Genetic Institute, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
- />University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nhung TP Phung
- />Agricultural Genetic Institute, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
- />IRD, UMR DIADE, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
- />CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France
| | - Huong TM To
- />University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Giang T Hoang
- />Agricultural Genetic Institute, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
- />University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khanh L Nguyen
- />University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
- />IRD, UMR DIADE, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vinh N Do
- />Agricultural Genetic Institute, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Pascal Gantet
- />University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
- />IRD, UMR DIADE, LMI RICE, Hanoi, Vietnam
- />Université Montpellier 2, UMR DIADE, Montpellier, France
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159
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Ahmadi N, Audebert A, Bennett MJ, Bishopp A, de Oliveira AC, Courtois B, Diedhiou A, Diévart A, Gantet P, Ghesquière A, Guiderdoni E, Henry A, Inukai Y, Kochian L, Laplaze L, Lucas M, Luu DT, Manneh B, Mo X, Muthurajan R, Périn C, Price A, Robin S, Sentenac H, Sine B, Uga Y, Véry AA, Wissuwa M, Wu P, Xu J. The roots of future rice harvests. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 7:29. [PMID: 26224558 PMCID: PMC4884021 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-014-0029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice production faces the challenge to be enhanced by 50% by year 2030 to meet the growth of the population in rice-eating countries. Whereas yield of cereal crops tend to reach plateaus and a yield is likely to be deeply affected by climate instability and resource scarcity in the coming decades, building rice cultivars harboring root systems that can maintain performance by capturing water and nutrient resources unevenly distributed is a major breeding target. Taking advantage of gathering a community of rice root biologists in a Global Rice Science Partnership workshop held in Montpellier, France, we present here the recent progresses accomplished in this area and focal points where an international network of laboratories should direct their efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malcolm J Bennett
- />Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Anthony Bishopp
- />Centre for Plant Integrative Biology, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
| | | | | | - Abdala Diedhiou
- />Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Département de Biologie Végétale, Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air - BP 1386, CP 18524 Dakar, Sénégal
- />Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air - BP 1386, CP 18524 Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Anne Diévart
- />CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34398 France
| | - Pascal Gantet
- />Université Montpellier 2, UMR DIADE, Montpellier, France
- />IRD, LMI RICE, USTH, Agronomical Genetics Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Yoshiaki Inukai
- />International Cooperation Center for Agricultural Education (ICCAE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa 464-8601 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Leon Kochian
- />Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS and Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853 NY USA
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- />Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air - BP 1386, CP 18524 Dakar, Sénégal
- />IRD, UMR DIADE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Doan Trung Luu
- />Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier 2, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Baboucarr Manneh
- />Africa Rice Center, AfricaRice Sahel Regional Station, B.P. 96, St Louis, Senegal
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- />State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | | | | | - Adam Price
- />University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU UK
| | | | - Hervé Sentenac
- />Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier 2, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Bassirou Sine
- />Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et microorganismes associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air - BP 1386, CP 18524 Dakar, Sénégal
- />ISRA, CERAAS, Thiès, Senegal
| | - Yusaku Uga
- />National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Anne Aliénor Véry
- />Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS/386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier 2, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Matthias Wissuwa
- />Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, 305-8686 Japan
| | - Ping Wu
- />State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jian Xu
- />Department of Biological Sciences and NUS Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543 Singapore
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160
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Petrarulo M, Marone D, Ferragonio P, Cattivelli L, Rubiales D, De Vita P, Mastrangelo AM. Genetic analysis of root morphological traits in wheat. Mol Genet Genomics 2014; 290:785-806. [PMID: 25416422 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Traits related to root architecture are of great importance for yield performance of crop species, although they remain poorly understood. The present study is aimed at identifying the genomic regions involved in the control of root morphological traits in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). A set of 123 recombinant inbred lines derived from the durum wheat cross of cvs. 'Creso' × 'Pedroso' were grown hydroponically to two growth stages, and were phenotypically evaluated for a number of root traits. In addition, meta-(M)QTL analysis was performed that considered the results of other root traits studies in wheat, to compare with the 'Creso' × 'Pedroso' cross and to increase the QTL detection power. Eight quantitative trait loci (QTL) for traits related to root morphology were identified on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 3A, 6A and 6B in the 'Creso' × 'Pedroso' segregating population. Twenty-two MQTL that comprised from two to six individual QTL that had widely varying confidence intervals were found on 14 chromosomes. The data from the present study provide a detailed analysis of the genetic basis of morphological root traits in wheat. This study of the 'Creso' × 'Pedroso' durum-wheat population has revealed some QTL that had not been previously identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Petrarulo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura-Cereal Research Centre, SS 673 km 25.200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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161
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Dracatos PM, Ayliffe M, Khatkar MS, Fetch T, Singh D, Park RF. Inheritance of prehaustorial resistance to Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2014; 27:1253-1262. [PMID: 25025780 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-14-0140-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rust pathogens within the genus Puccinia cause some of the most economically significant diseases of crops. Different formae speciales of P. graminis have co-evolved to mainly infect specific grass hosts; however, some genotypes of other closely related cereals can also be infected. This study investigated the inheritance of resistance to three diverse pathotypes of the oat stem rust pathogen (P. graminis f. sp. avenae) in the 'Yerong' ✕ 'Franklin' (Y/F) barley doubled haploid (DH) population, a host with which it is not normally associated. Both parents, 'Yerong' and 'Franklin', were immune to all P. graminis f. sp. avenae pathotypes; however. there was transgressive segregation within the Y/F population, in which infection types (IT) ranged from complete immunity to mesothetic susceptibility, suggesting the presence of heritable resistance. Both QTL and marker-trait association (MTA) analysis was performed on the Y/F population to map resistance loci in response to P. graminis f. sp. avenae. QTL on chromosome 1H ('Yerong' Rpga1 and Rpga2) were identified using all forms of analysis, while QTL detected on 5H ('Franklin' Rpga3 and Rpga4) and 7H (Rpga5) were only detected using MTA or composite interval mapping-single marker regression analysis respectively. Rpga1 to Rpga5 were effective in response to all P. graminis f. sp. avenae pathotypes used in this study, suggesting resistance is not pathotype specific. Rpga1 co-located to previously mapped QTL in the Y/F population for adult plant resistance to the barley leaf scald pathogen (Rhynchosporium secalis) on chromosome 1H. Histological evidence suggests that the resistance observed within parental and immune DH lines in the population was prehaustorial and caused by callose deposition within the walls of the mesophyll cells, preventing hyphal penetration.
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162
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Ristova D, Busch W. Natural variation of root traits: from development to nutrient uptake. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:518-27. [PMID: 25104725 PMCID: PMC4213084 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.244749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The root system has a crucial role for plant growth and productivity. Due to the challenges of heterogeneous soil environments, diverse environmental signals are integrated into root developmental decisions. While root growth and growth responses are genetically determined, there is substantial natural variation for these traits. Studying the genetic basis of the natural variation of root growth traits can not only shed light on their evolution and ecological relevance but also can be used to map the genes and their alleles responsible for the regulation of these traits. Analysis of root phenotypes has revealed growth strategies and root growth responses to a variety of environmental stimuli, as well as the extent of natural variation of a variety of root traits including ion content, cellular properties, and root system architectures. Linkage and association mapping approaches have uncovered causal genes underlying the variation of these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ristova
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Bicenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Bicenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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163
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Turner NC, Blum A, Cakir M, Steduto P, Tuberosa R, Young N. Strategies to increase the yield and yield stability of crops under drought - are we making progress? FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2014; 41:1199-1206. [PMID: 32481069 DOI: 10.1071/fp14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the InterDrought conferences is to be a platform for debating key issues that are relevant for increasing the yield and yield stability of crops under drought via integrated approaches. InterDrought-IV, held in Perth, Australia, in September 2013, followed previous InterDrought conferences in bringing together researchers in agronomy, soil science, modelling, physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics and plant breeding. Key themes were (i) maximising water productivity; (ii) maximising dryland crop production; (iii) adaptation to water-limited environments; (iv) plant productivity under drought through effective water capture, improved transpiration efficiency, and growth and yield; and (v) breeding for water-limited environments through variety development, and trait-based genomics-assisted and transgenic approaches. This paper highlights some key issues and presents recommendations for future action. Improved agronomic interventions were recognised as being important contributors to improved dryland crop yields in water-limited environments, and new methods for exploring root architecture and water capture were highlighted. The increase in crop yields under drought through breeding and selection, the development of high-throughput phenotyping facilities for field-grown and pot-grown plants, and advances in understanding the molecular basis of plant responses and resistance to drought stress were recognised. Managed environment phenotyping facilities, a range of field environments, modelling, and genomic molecular tools are being used to select and release drought-resistant cultivars of all major crops. Delegates discussed how individuals and small teams can contribute to progress, and concluded that interdisciplinary research, linkages to international agricultural research centres, public-private partnerships and continuation of the InterDrought conferences will be instrumental for progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Turner
- The University of Western Australia Institute of Agriculture and Centre for Plant Genetics and Breeding, M080, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - Mehmet Cakir
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sustainability, Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Pasquale Steduto
- Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Tuberosa
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Neil Young
- Rural Mail Box 232, Kojonup, WA 6395, Australia
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164
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Lobet G, Couvreur V, Meunier F, Javaux M, Draye X. Plant water uptake in drying soils. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1619-27. [PMID: 24515834 PMCID: PMC3982728 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.233486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, investigations on root water uptake have evolved toward a deeper integration of the soil and roots compartment properties, with the goal of improving our understanding of water acquisition from drying soils. This evolution parallels the increasing attention of agronomists to suboptimal crop production environments. Recent results have led to the description of root system architectures that might contribute to deep-water extraction or to water-saving strategies. In addition, the manipulation of root hydraulic properties would provide further opportunities to improve water uptake. However, modeling studies highlight the role of soil hydraulics in the control of water uptake in drying soil and call for integrative soil-plant system approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lobet
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège,
Belgium (G.L.)
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California,
Davis, California 95616 (V.C.)
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix
du Sud 2–L7.05.11, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (V.C., F.M., M.J., X.D.);
and
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Agrosphäre,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D–52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.)
| | - Valentin Couvreur
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège,
Belgium (G.L.)
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California,
Davis, California 95616 (V.C.)
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix
du Sud 2–L7.05.11, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (V.C., F.M., M.J., X.D.);
and
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Agrosphäre,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D–52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.)
| | - Félicien Meunier
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège,
Belgium (G.L.)
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California,
Davis, California 95616 (V.C.)
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix
du Sud 2–L7.05.11, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (V.C., F.M., M.J., X.D.);
and
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Agrosphäre,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D–52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.)
| | - Mathieu Javaux
- PhytoSYSTEMS, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège,
Belgium (G.L.)
- Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California,
Davis, California 95616 (V.C.)
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix
du Sud 2–L7.05.11, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (V.C., F.M., M.J., X.D.);
and
- Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften: Agrosphäre,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D–52425 Juelich, Germany (M.J.)
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