151
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Bhaw-Luximon A, Jhurry D. New avenues for improving pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treatment: Selective stroma depletion combined with nano drug delivery. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:266-73. [PMID: 26415628 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of chemotherapy in PDAC is hampered by the dynamic interaction between stroma and cancer cell. The two opposing schools of thought - non-depletion of the stroma vs its depletion - to better drug efficacy are here discussed. Disrupting stroma-cancer cell interaction to reduce tumor progression and promote apoptosis is identified as the new direction of treatment for PDAC. Clinical data have shown that elimination of fibrosis and blockade of the Hedgehog pathway in stroma effectively promote drug delivery to tumor site and apoptosis. Reduced stiffness of ECM, lower fibrosis, higher permeability and higher blood flow after stroma depletion increase drug delivery. Combination strategies involving selective stroma depletion coupled with chemotherapy is currently proving to be the most efficient at clinical level. Striking the right balance between fibrosis depletion and angiogenesis promotion resulting in enhanced drug delivery and apoptosis is a major challenge. The use of nano drug delivery devices coupled with stroma depletion is emerging as the next phase treatment for PDAC. The breakthrough to combat PDAC will likely be a combination of early diagnosis and the emerging chemotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Bhaw-Luximon
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius, MSIRI Building, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Dhanjay Jhurry
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius, MSIRI Building, Réduit, Mauritius.
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152
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Zhang D, Dai Y, Cai Y, Suo T, Liu H, Wang Y, Cheng Z, Liu H. PEBP4 promoted the growth and migration of cancer cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1699-705. [PMID: 26311050 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3906-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Numerous studies have linked the activation of AKT to the progression of PDAC. Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (PEBP4) has been reported to be upregulated in various cancer types. However, its expression pattern and biological functions in PDAC are unknown. In this study, it was found that the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein level of PEBP4 was elevated in PDAC samples. Forced expression of PEBP4 in PDAC cell lines promoted cell growth and migration, while downregulation of PEBP4 in PDAC cells by RNA interference (RNAi) inhibited the growth, migration, and metastasis of the cancer cells. PEBP4 interacted with AKT and promoted the phosphorylation of serine 473 in AKT. Collectively, this study suggested that PEBP4 might promote the progression of PDAC through activating AKT signaling and PEBP4 might be a promising therapeutic target for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiang Zhang
- General Surgery Department, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 128 Ruili Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuedi Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Fudan University, Minhang Branch, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuankun Cai
- General Surgery Department, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 128 Ruili Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tao Suo
- General Surgery Department, General Surgery Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Han Liu
- General Surgery Department, General Surgery Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- General Surgery Department, General Surgery Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhijian Cheng
- General Surgery Department, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 128 Ruili Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Houbao Liu
- General Surgery Department, General Surgery Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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153
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Koczorowska MM, Tholen S, Bucher F, Lutz L, Kizhakkedathu JN, De Wever O, Wellner UF, Biniossek ML, Stahl A, Lassmann S, Schilling O. Fibroblast activation protein-α, a stromal cell surface protease, shapes key features of cancer associated fibroblasts through proteome and degradome alterations. Mol Oncol 2015; 10:40-58. [PMID: 26304112 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute an abundant stromal component of most solid tumors. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) α is a cell surface protease that is expressed by CAFs. We corroborate this expression profile by immunohistochemical analysis of colorectal cancer specimens. To better understand the tumor-contextual role of FAPα, we investigate how FAPα shapes functional and proteomic features of CAFs using loss- and gain-of function cellular model systems. FAPα activity has a strong impact on the secreted CAF proteome ("secretome"), including reduced levels of anti-angiogenic factors, elevated levels of transforming growth factor (TGF) β, and an impact on matrix processing enzymes. Functionally, FAPα mildly induces sprout formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Moreover, loss of FAPα leads to a more epithelial cellular phenotype and this effect was rescued by exogenous application of TGFβ. In collagen contraction assays, FAPα induced a more contractile cellular phenotype. To characterize the proteolytic profile of FAPα, we investigated its specificity with proteome-derived peptide libraries and corroborated its preference for cleavage carboxy-terminal to proline residues. By "terminal amine labeling of substrates" (TAILS) we explored FAPα-dependent cleavage events. Although FAPα acts predominantly as an amino-dipeptidase, putative FAPα cleavage sites in collagens are present throughout the entire protein length. In contrast, putative FAPα cleavage sites in non-collagenous proteins cluster at the amino-terminus. The degradomic study highlights cell-contextual proteolysis by FAPα with distinct positional profiles. Generally, our findings link FAPα to key aspects of CAF biology and attribute an important role in tumor-stroma interaction to FAPα.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Koczorowska
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Tholen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Bucher
- University Eye Hospital Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Lutz
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J N Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - O De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, 1P7, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - U F Wellner
- Clinic for Surgery, UKSH Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M L Biniossek
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Stahl
- University Eye Hospital Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Lassmann
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Schilling
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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154
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De Vlieghere E, Verset L, Demetter P, Bracke M, De Wever O. Cancer-associated fibroblasts as target and tool in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. Virchows Arch 2015; 467:367-82. [PMID: 26259962 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are drivers of tumour progression and are considered as a target and a tool in cancer diagnostic and therapeutic applications. An increased abundance of CAFs or CAF signatures are recognized as a bad prognostic marker in several cancer types. Tumour-environment biomimetics strongly improve our understanding of the communication between CAFs, cancer cells and other host cells. Several experimental drugs targeting CAFs are in clinical trials for multiple tumour entities; alternatively, CAFs can be exploited as a tool to characterize the functionality of circulating tumour cells or to capture them as a tool to prevent metastasis. The continuous interaction between tissue engineers, biomaterial experts and cancer researchers creates the possibility to biomimic the tumour-environment and provides new opportunities in cancer diagnostics and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly De Vlieghere
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurine Verset
- Departments of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Departments of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Bracke
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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155
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Sun Y. Tumor microenvironment and cancer therapy resistance. Cancer Lett 2015; 380:205-15. [PMID: 26272180 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Innate resistance to various therapeutic interventions is a hallmark of cancer. In recent years, however, acquired resistance has emerged as a daunting challenge to anticancer treatments including chemotherapy, radiation and targeted therapy, which abolishes the efficacy of otherwise successful regimens. Cancer cells gain resistance through a variety of mechanisms in both primary and metastatic sites, involving cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors, but the latter often remains overlooked. Mounting evidence suggests critical roles played by the tumor microenvironment (TME) in multiple aspects of cancer progression particularly therapeutic resistance. The TME decreases drug penetration, confers proliferative and antiapoptotic advantages to surviving cells, facilitates resistance without causing genetic mutations and epigenetic changes, collectively modifying disease modality and distorting clinical indices. Recent studies have set the baseline for future investigation on the intricate relationship between cancer resistance and the TME in pathological backgrounds. This review provides an updated outline of research advances in TME biology and highlights the prospect of targeting the TME as an essential strategy to overcome cancer resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes through precise intervention. In the long run, continued inputs into translational medicine remain highly desired to achieve durable responses in the current era of personalized clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Key Lab of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China; VA Seattle Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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156
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Baer R, Cintas C, Therville N, Guillermet-Guibert J. Implication of PI3K/Akt pathway in pancreatic cancer: When PI3K isoforms matter? Adv Biol Regul 2015; 59:19-35. [PMID: 26166735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer belongs to the incurable family of solid cancers. Despite of a recent better understanding its molecular biology, and an increased number of clinical trials, there is still a lack for innovative targeted therapies to fight this deadly malignancy. PI3K/Akt signalling is one of the most commonly deregulated signalling pathways in cancer, which explains the massive attention from many pharmaceutical companies over the ten past years on these signalling molecules. The already developed small molecule inhibitors are currently under clinical trial in various cancer types. Class I PI3Ks have 4 isoforms for which the role in physiology starts to be well described in the literature. Data are more unclear for their differential involvement in oncogenesis. In this review, we will discuss about the cognitive and therapeutic potential of targeting this signalling pathway and in particular Class I PI3K isoforms for pancreatic cancer treatment. Isoform-specificity of PI3K inhibitors are currently designed to achieve the same goal as pan-PI3K inhibitors but without potential adverse effects. We will discuss if such strategy is relevant in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Baer
- Inserm, U1037, Université Toulouse III, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Oncopole de Toulouse, F31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Célia Cintas
- Inserm, U1037, Université Toulouse III, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Oncopole de Toulouse, F31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicole Therville
- Inserm, U1037, Université Toulouse III, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Oncopole de Toulouse, F31037, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Guillermet-Guibert
- Inserm, U1037, Université Toulouse III, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Oncopole de Toulouse, F31037, Toulouse, France.
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