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MURATA D, MISUMI K, FUJIKI M. A Preliminary Study of Diagnostic Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Equine Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1639-42. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki MURATA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1–21–24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro MISUMI
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1–21–24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
| | - Makoto FUJIKI
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1–21–24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890–0065, Japan
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Gary Brown S, J. Harman R, L. Black L. Adipose-derived stem cell therapy for severe muscle tears in working German shepherds: Two case reports. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/scd.2012.22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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153
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SOLE A, SPRIET M, GALUPPO LD, PADGETT KA, BORJESSON DL, WISNER ER, BROSNAN RJ, VIDAL MA. Scintigraphic evaluation of intra-arterial and intravenous regional limb perfusion of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the normal equine distal limb using 99mTc-HMPAO. Equine Vet J 2011; 44:594-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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154
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Caniglia CJ, Schramme MC, Smith RK. The effect of intralesional injection of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow supernatant on collagen fibril size in a surgical model of equine superficial digital flexor tendonitis. Equine Vet J 2011; 44:587-93. [PMID: 22150794 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Collagen fibril size is decreased in repair tissue following tendon injury compared to normal tendon matrix in horses. Mesenchymal stem cells have been suggested to promote regeneration of tendon matrix rather than fibrotic repair following injury, although this concept remains unproven. OBJECTIVES To explore the hypothesis that implantation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow into a surgically created central core defect in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of horses would induce the formation of a matrix with greater ultrastructural similarities to tendon matrix than the fibrotic scar tissue formed in control defects. METHODS Tissue was collected 16 weeks after induction of injury and 12 weeks after treatment from normal and injured regions of control and treated limbs of 6 horses and examined using transmission electron microscopy. Collagen fibril diameters were measured manually with image analysis software and surface areas calculated. Three parameters assessed for normal and injured tissue were mass average diameter (MAD), collagen fibril index (CFI) and the area dependent diameter (ADD). RESULTS Normal regions from both treated and control limbs displayed higher MAD and CFI values, as well as a characteristic bimodal distribution in fibril size. Injured regions from both treated and control limbs displayed significantly lower MAD and CFI values, as well as a unimodal distribution in fibril size. There were no significant differences between treated and control limbs for any of the parameters assessed. CONCLUSIONS Intralesional injection of autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells had no measurable effect on the fibril diameter of collagen in healing tissue in the SDFT of this experimental model 16 weeks after injury. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Favouring matrix regeneration over fibrotic repair may not be the mechanism by which autologous mesenchymal stem cells assist healing of tendon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Caniglia
- North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the evidence available for nonsurgical management of hip dysplasia (HD). STUDY DESIGN Literature review. METHODS Databases (Pubmed, Veterinary Information Network) were searched for clinical studies on nonsurgical management of HD in dogs. The evidence in each study was reviewed and assigned a score (I-IV) based on previously reported levels of evidence. RESULTS Fourteen articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria, including 3 Level IV, 4 Level III, and 7 Level II studies. Methods of nonsurgical management reviewed included: activity restrictions, weight management, acupuncture, modulation of joint disease by polysulfated glycosaminoglycans, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, and extra corporeal shock wave therapy. CONCLUSION Weight management is an effective and important component of managing dogs with HD and associated osteoarthritis. Techniques that modulate the progression of joint disease may also be beneficial for treating dogs with HD. Further studies are needed to investigate other methods of managing HD such as hydrotherapy and physical rehabilitation.
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156
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Mohammadi R, Azizi S, Delirezh N, Hobbenaghi R, Amini K, Malekkhetabi P. The use of undifferentiated bone marrow stromal cells for sciatic nerve regeneration in rats. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 41:650-6. [PMID: 22154576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, cell transplantation has become a focus of attention and reliable outcomes have been achieved in regeneration of the sciatic nerve. The effect of undifferentiated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on peripheral nerve regeneration was studied using a rat sciatic nerve regeneration model. A 10-mm sciatic nerve defect was bridged using an inside-out vein graft (IOVG) filled with undifferentiated BMSCs (2 × 10(7)cells/ml). In the control group, the vein was filled with phosphate buffer saline alone. The regenerated fibres were studied 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. Assessment of nerve regeneration was based on functional (walking track analysis), histomorphometric and immunohistochemical (Schwann cell detection by S100 expression) criteria. The functional study confirmed significant recovery of regenerated axons in the IOVG/BMSC group (P<0.05). Quantitative morphometric analyses of regenerated fibres showed the number and diameter of myelinated fibres in the IOVG/BMSC group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). This demonstrates the potential for using undifferentiated BMSCs in peripheral nerve regeneration without the limitations of donor-site morbidity associated with isolation of Schwann cells. It also reduces costs because the interval between tissue collection and cell injection is reduced and the laboratory procedures are simpler compared to undifferentiated BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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157
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Owens SD, Burges J, Johns JL, Carrade DD, Galuppo LD, Librach F, Borjesson DL. Processing of equine bone marrow using the automated MarrowXpress System: RBC depletion, volume reduction, and mononuclear cell recovery. Vet Clin Pathol 2011; 40:444-449. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2011.00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean D. Owens
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology
| | | | | | | | - Larry D. Galuppo
- Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California-Davis; Davis CA USA
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158
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WATTS AE, NIXON AJ, YEAGER AE, MOHAMMED HO. A collagenase gel/physical defect model for controlled induction of superficial digital flexor tendonitis. Equine Vet J 2011; 44:576-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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159
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160
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Clegg PD, Pinchbeck GL. Evidence-based medicine and stem cell therapy: how do we know such technologies are safe and efficacious? Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2011; 27:373-82. [PMID: 21872765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) refers to the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence from research for the care of an individual patient. Central to the adoption of EBM is both producing and identifying the best possible evidence for a particular intervention or therapy. This article identifies and reviews the approaches to producing and identifying the best possible evidence that is necessary for the full acceptance of stem cell therapies in the horse and reviews the approaches that will allow future clinical studies in stem cell therapies to provide the best evidence for determining efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Clegg
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK.
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161
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Gutierrez-Nibeyro SD. Commercial cell-based therapies for musculoskeletal injuries in horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2011; 27:363-71. [PMID: 21872764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cell-based therapeutic options to treat musculoskeletal injuries in horses are commercially available. The current literature supports the use of cell-based therapies to treat equine musculoskeletal injuries. Researchers continue to search for more effective cell-based therapies to provide practitioners with optimal treatment tools for musculoskeletal injuries in horses. Cell-based therapies require specialized facilities and technical competencies that might not be available or economically justifiable in many private practices. This review provides a summary of current commercially available cell-based therapeutic products for equine applications, their similarities and differences, and current objective data relating to their clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago D Gutierrez-Nibeyro
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Champaign-Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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162
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Raabe O, Shell K, Würtz A, Reich CM, Wenisch S, Arnhold S. Further insights into the characterization of equine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Vet Res Commun 2011; 35:355-65. [PMID: 21614641 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-011-9480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent a promising subpopulation of adult stem cells for tissue engineering applications in veterinary medicine. In this study we focused on the morphological and molecular biological properties of the ADSCs. The expression of stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog and the surface markers CD90 and CD105 were detected using RT-PCR. ADSCs showed a proliferative potential and were capable of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Expression of Alkaline phosphatase (AP), phosphoprotein (SPP1), Runx2 and osteocalcin (OC) mRNA were positive in osteogenic lineages and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (Pparγ2) mRNA was positive in adipogenic lineages. ADSCs show stem cell and surface marker profiles and differentiation characteristics that are similar to but distinct from other adult stem cells, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). The availability of an easily accessible and reproducible cell source may greatly facilitate the development of stem cell based tissue engineering and therapies for regenerative equine medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Raabe
- Institute of Veterinary -Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Frankfurterstrasse, Germany,
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163
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Godwin EE, Young NJ, Dudhia J, Beamish IC, Smith RKW. Implantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrates improved outcome in horses with overstrain injury of the superficial digital flexor tendon. Equine Vet J 2011; 44:25-32. [PMID: 21615465 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Mesenchymal stem (progenitor; stromal) cell (MSC) therapy has gained popularity for the treatment of equine tendon injuries but without reports of long-term follow-up. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and reinjury rate of racehorses after intralesional MSC injection in a large study of naturally occurring superficial digital flexor tendinopathy and to compare these data with those published for other treatments. METHODS Safety was assessed clinically, ultrasonographically, scintigraphically and histologically in a cohort of treated cases: 141 client-owned treated racehorses followed-up for a minimum of 2 years after return to full work. Reinjury percentages were compared to 2 published studies of other treatments with similar selection criteria and follow-up. The number of race starts, discipline, age, number of MSCs injected and interval between injury and treatment were analysed. RESULTS There were no adverse effects of the treatment with no aberrant tissue on histological examination. The reinjury percentage of all racehorses with follow-up (n = 113) undergoing MSC treatment was 27.4%, with the rate for flat (n = 8) and National Hunt (n = 105) racehorses being 50 and 25.7%, respectively. This was significantly less than published for National Hunt racehorses treated in other ways. No relationship between outcome and age, discipline, number of MSCs injected or injury to implantation interval was found. CONCLUSIONS Whilst recognising the limitations of historical controls, this study has shown that MPC implantation is safe and appears to reduce the reinjury rate after superficial digital flexor tendinopathy, especially in National Hunt racehorses. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE This study has provided evidence for the long-term efficacy of MSC treatment for tendinopathy in racehorses and provides support for translation to human tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Godwin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
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164
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Vidal MA, Walker NJ, Napoli E, Borjesson DL. Evaluation of senescence in mesenchymal stem cells isolated from equine bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord tissue. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:273-83. [PMID: 21410356 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adult and neonatal tissues are intensively investigated for their use in regenerative medicine. The purpose of this study was to compare the onset of replicative senescence in MSCs isolated from equine bone marrow (BMSC), adipose tissue (ASC), and umbilical cord tissue (UCMSC). MSC proliferation (cell doubling), senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, telomere length, Sox-2, and lineage-specific marker expression were assessed for MSCs harvested from tissues of 4 different donors. The results show that before senescence ensued, all cell types proliferated at ∼1 day/cell doubling. BMSCs significantly increased population doubling rate by passage 10 and ceased proliferation after a little >30 total population doublings, whereas UCMSCs and ASCs achieved about 60 to 80 total population doublings. UCMSC and ASCs showed marked β-galactosidase staining after ∼70 population doublings, whereas BMSCs stained positive by ∼30 population doublings. The onset of senescence was associated with a significant reduction in telomere length averaging 10.2 kbp at passage 3 and 4.5 kbp in senescent cultures. MSCs stained intensively for osteonectin at senescence compared with earlier passages, whereas vimentin and low levels of smooth muscle actin were consistently expressed. Sox-2 gene expression was consistently noted in all 3 MSC types. In conclusion, equine BMSCs appear to senesce much earlier than ASCs and UCMSCs. These results demonstrate the limited passage numbers of subcultured BMSCs available for use in research and tissue engineering and suggest that adipose tissue and umbilical cord tissue may be preferable for tissue banking purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Vidal
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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165
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Abstract
Tendon injuries range from acute traumatic ruptures and lacerations to chronic overuse injuries, such as tendinosis. Even with improved nonsurgical, surgical, and rehabilitation techniques, outcomes following tendon repair are inconsistent. Primary repair remains the standard of care. However, repaired tendon tissue rarely achieves functionality equal to that of the preinjured state. Poor results have been linked to alterations in cellular organization within the tendon that occur at the time of injury and throughout the early stages of healing. Enhanced understanding of the biology of tendon healing is needed to improve management and outcomes. The use of growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells and the development of biocompatible scaffolds could result in enhanced tendon healing and regeneration. Recent advances in tendon bioengineering may lead to improved management following tendon injury.
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166
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Abstract
The stem cell field in veterinary medicine continues to evolve rapidly both experimentally and clinically. Stem cells are most commonly used in clinical veterinary medicine in therapeutic applications for the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in horses and dogs. New technologies of assisted reproduction are being developed to apply the properties of spermatogonial stem cells to preserve endangered animal species. The same methods can be used to generate transgenic animals for production of pharmaceuticals or for use as biomedical models. Small and large animal species serve as valuable models for preclinical evaluation of stem cell applications in human beings and in veterinary patients in areas such as spinal cord injury and myocardial infarction. However, these applications have not been implemented in the clinical treatment of veterinary patients. Reviews on the use of animal models for stem cell research have been published recently. Therefore, in this review, animal model research will be reviewed only in the context of supporting the current clinical application of stem cells in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Fortier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, VMC C3-181, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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167
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Watts AE, Yeager AE, Kopyov OV, Nixon AJ. Fetal derived embryonic-like stem cells improve healing in a large animal flexor tendonitis model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2011; 2:4. [PMID: 21272343 PMCID: PMC3092144 DOI: 10.1186/scrt45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tendon injury is a common problem in athletes, with poor tissue regeneration and a high rate of re-injury. Stem cell therapy is an attractive treatment modality as it may induce tissue regeneration rather than tissue repair. Currently, there are no reports on the use of pluripotent cells in a large animal tendon model in vivo. We report the use of intra-lesional injection of male, fetal derived embryonic-like stem cells (fdESC) that express Oct-4, Nanog, SSEA4, Tra 1-60, Tra 1-81 and telomerase. Methods Tendon injury was induced using a collagenase gel-physical defect model in the mid-metacarpal region of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of eight female adult Thoroughbred or Thoroughbred cross horses. Tendon lesions were treated one week later with intra-lesional injection of male derived fdESCs in media or media alone. Therapy was blinded and randomized. Serial ultrasound examinations were performed and final analysis at eight weeks included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biochemical assays (total DNA, glycosaminoglycan, collagen), gene expression (TNC, TNMD, SCX, COL1A1, COL3A1, COMP, DCN, MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, 18S) and histology. Differences between groups were assessed with Wilcoxon's rank sum test. Results Cell survival was demonstrated via the presence of the SRY gene in fdESC treated, but not control treated, female SDFT at the end of the trial. There were no differences in tendon matrix specific gene expression or total proteoglycan, collagen or DNA of tendon lesions between groups. Tissue architecture, tendon size, tendon lesion size, and tendon linear fiber pattern were significantly improved on histologic sections and ultrasound in the fdESC treated tendons. Conclusions Such profound structural effects lend further support to the notion that pluripotent stem cells can effect musculoskeletal regeneration, rather than repair, even without in vitro lineage specific differentiation. Further investigation into the safety of pluripotent cellular therapy as well as the mechanisms by which repair was improved seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee E Watts
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Orthopaedics Laboratory at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850 USA.
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168
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de Mattos Carvalho A, Alves ALG, de Oliveira PGG, Cisneros Álvarez LE, Amorim RL, Hussni CA, Deffune E. Use of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Experimental Tendinitis Therapy in Equines. J Equine Vet Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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169
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Fu SC, Rolf C, Cheuk YC, Lui PP, Chan KM. Deciphering the pathogenesis of tendinopathy: a three-stages process. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2010; 2:30. [PMID: 21144004 PMCID: PMC3006368 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2555-2-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the pathogenesis of "tendinopathy" is based on fragmented evidences like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. We propose a "failed healing theory" to knit these fragments together, which can explain previous observations. We also propose that albeit "overuse injury" and other insidious "micro trauma" may well be primary triggers of the process, "tendinopathy" is not an "overuse injury" per se. The typical clinical, histological and biochemical presentation relates to a localized chronic pain condition which may lead to tendon rupture, the latter attributed to mechanical weakness. Characterization of pathological "tendinotic" tissues revealed coexistence of collagenolytic injuries and an active healing process, focal hypervascularity and tissue metaplasia. These observations suggest a failed healing process as response to a triggering injury. The pathogenesis of tendinopathy can be described as a three stage process: injury, failed healing and clinical presentation. It is likely that some of these "initial injuries" heal well and we speculate that predisposing intrinsic or extrinsic factors may be involved. The injury stage involves a progressive collagenolytic tendon injury. The failed healing stage mainly refers to prolonged activation and failed resolution of the normal healing process. Finally, the matrix disturbances, increased focal vascularity and abnormal cytokine profiles contribute to the clinical presentations of chronic tendon pain or rupture. With this integrative pathogenesis theory, we can relate the known manifestations of tendinopathy and point to the "missing links". This model may guide future research on tendinopathy, until we could ultimately decipher the complete pathogenesis process and provide better treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Chuen Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.
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170
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Mohammadi R, Azizi S, Delirezh N, Hobbenaghi R, Amini K. Comparison of beneficial effects of undifferentiated cultured bone marrow stromal cells and omental adipose-derived nucleated cell fractions on sciatic nerve regeneration. Muscle Nerve 2010; 43:157-63. [PMID: 21254077 DOI: 10.1002/mus.21895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a good source for isolation of cells with stem-cell-like properties. The effects of undifferentiated cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and omental adipose-derived nucleated cells (OADNCs) on peripheral nerve regeneration were compared in a rat nerve regeneration model. A 10-mm sciatic nerve defect was bridged using a vein graft. In one group, the vein was filled with BMSCs and in the other group with OADNCs. Functional study, morphometric indices, and immunohistochemistry indicated there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between groups in recovery of regenerated axons at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. OADNCs enhanced regeneration similar to undifferentiated BMSCs. These observations suggest OADNCs represent an effective and cost-saving cell population due to the shortened time interval from tissue collection to cell injection as well as procedural simplicity. This approach is clinically translatable toward new methods for enhanced peripheral nerve repair without the limitations of BMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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171
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Xia C, Yang X, Wang YZ, Sun K, Ji L, Tian S. Tendon healing in vivo and in vitro: neutralizing antibody to TGF-β improves range of motion after flexor tendon repair. Orthopedics 2010; 33:809. [PMID: 21053890 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20100924-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion formation between the flexor tendon and its surrounding fibro-osseous sheath results in a decreased postoperative range of motion (ROM) in the hand. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis. In this study, the effects of TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody were investigated in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro investigation, primary cell cultures from rabbit flexor tendon sheath, epitenon, and endotenon were established and each was supplemented with TGF-β along with increasing doses of TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody. Collagen I production was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the in vivo study, rabbit zone-II flexor tendons were transected and then immediately repaired. Transforming growth factor-β1 neutralizing antibody or phosphate-buffered saline solution (control) was added to the repair sites, and the forepaws were tested for ROM and repair strength at 8 weeks postoperatively. Transforming growth factor-β1 neutralizing antibody reduced TGF-β upregulated collagen production. Intraoperative application of TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody significantly improved the ROM of the operatively treated digits. The effect on breaking strength of the tendon repair was inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsuo Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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172
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BOURZAC C, SMITH LC, VINCENT P, BEAUCHAMP G, LAVOIE JP, LAVERTY S. Isolation of equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a comparison between three protocols. Equine Vet J 2010; 42:519-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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173
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Gimble JM, Guilak F, Bunnell BA. Clinical and preclinical translation of cell-based therapies using adipose tissue-derived cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2010; 1:19. [PMID: 20587076 PMCID: PMC2905095 DOI: 10.1186/scrt19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is now recognized as an accessible, abundant, and reliable site for the isolation of adult stem cells suitable for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. The past decade has witnessed an explosion of preclinical data relating to the isolation, characterization, cryopreservation, differentiation, and transplantation of freshly isolated stromal vascular fraction cells and adherent, culture-expanded, adipose-derived stromal/stem cells in vitro and in animal models. This body of work has provided evidence supporting clinical translational applications of adipose-derived cells in safety and efficacy trials. The present article reviews the case reports and phase I-III clinical evidence using autologous adipose-derived cells that have been published, to date, in the fields of gastroenterology, neurology, orthopedics, reconstructive surgery, and related clinical disciplines. Future directions and challenges facing the field are discussed and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Gimble
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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174
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Frisbie DD, Smith RKW. Clinical update on the use of mesenchymal stem cells in equine orthopaedics. Equine Vet J 2010; 42:86-9. [PMID: 20121921 DOI: 10.2746/042516409x477263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have received much attention in recent times because of their potential to improve healing of othropaedic problems. This manuscript presents the genesis, issues and current state of stem cell treatment in equine medicine. Current literature supports the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treatment of orthopaedic problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Frisbie
- Colorado State University, Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.; and The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
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175
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Schnabel LV, Lynch ME, van der Meulen MCH, Yeager AE, Kornatowski MA, Nixon AJ. Mesenchymal stem cells and insulin-like growth factor-I gene-enhanced mesenchymal stem cells improve structural aspects of healing in equine flexor digitorum superficialis tendons. J Orthop Res 2009; 27:1392-8. [PMID: 19350658 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendinitis remains a catastrophic injury among athletes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently been investigated for use in the treatment of tendinitis. Previous work has demonstrated the value of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) to stimulate cellular proliferation and tendon fiber deposition in the core lesion of tendinitis. This study examined the effects of MSCs, as well as IGF-I gene-enhanced MSCs (AdIGF-MSCs) on tendon healing in vivo. Collagenase-induced bilateral tendinitis lesions were created in equine flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (SDFT). Tendons were treated with 10 x 10(6) MSCs or 10 x 10(6) AdIGF-MSCs. Control limbs were injected with 1 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Ultrasound examinations were performed at t = 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Horses were euthanized at 8 weeks and SDFTs were mechanically tested to failure and evaluated for biochemical composition and histologic characteristics. Expression of collagen types I and III, IGF-I, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), and aggrecanase-1 (ADAMTS-4) were similar in MSC and control tendons. Both MSC and AdIGF-MSC injection resulted in significantly improved tendon histological scores. These findings indicate a benefit to the use of MSCs and AdIGF-MSCs for the treatment of tendinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Schnabel
- Comparative Orthopaedics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, C3-187 Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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176
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Maia L, de Souza MV, Ribeiro Júnior JI, de Oliveira AC, Alves GES, dos Anjos Benjamin L, Silva YFRS, Zandim BM, Moreira JDCL. Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Induced Tendinopathy in Horses: Histologic Evaluation. J Equine Vet Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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