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Bioactivity of Polyphenols: Preventive and Adjuvant Strategies toward Reducing Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-Promises, Perspectives, and Pitfalls. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9346470. [PMID: 27478535 PMCID: PMC4958438 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9346470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by autoimmune and inflammation-related complications of the large intestine (ulcerative colitis) and additional parts of the digestive tract (Crohn's disease). Complications include pain, diarrhoea, chronic inflammation, and cancer. IBD prevalence has increased during the past decades, especially in Westernized countries, being as high as 1%. As prognosis is poor and medication often ineffective or causing side effects, additional preventive/adjuvant strategies are sought. A possible approach is via diets rich in protective constituents. Polyphenols, the most abundant phytochemicals, have been associated with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and apoptotic properties. Locally reducing oxidative stress, they can further act on cellular targets, altering gene expression related to inflammation, including NF-κB, Nrf-2, Jak/STAT, and MAPKs, suppressing downstream cytokine formation (e.g., IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α), and boosting the bodies' own antioxidant status (HO-1, SOD, and GPx). Moreover, they may promote, as prebiotics, healthy microbiota (e.g., Bifidobacteria, Akkermansia), short-chain fatty acid formation, and reduced gut permeability/improved tight junction stability. However, potential adverse effects such as acting as prooxidants, or perturbations of efflux transporters and phase I/II metabolizing enzymes, with increased uptake of undesired xenobiotics, should also be considered. In this review, we summarize current knowledge around preventive and arbitrary actions of polyphenols targeting IBD.
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152
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bernardini
- Biblioteca del Polo centrale di Medicina e Chirurgia; Università degli studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Padova; Padova Italy
- IMDEA-Food; CEI UAM + CSIC; Madrid Spain
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153
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Alcubierre N, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Rubinat E, Falguera M, Valls J, Traveset A, Vilanova MB, Marsal JR, Hernandez M, Granado-Casas M, Martinez-Gonzalez D, Jurjo C, Franch-Nadal J, Vioque J, Mauricio D. Association of low oleic acid intake with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients: a case-control study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:40. [PMID: 27274760 PMCID: PMC4893240 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to describe the intake of macronutrient, especially fatty acids, and explore their possible effect on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS In this case-control study, we included a total of 146 patients with DR and 148 without DR. The intake of macronutrient was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. We used logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, diabetes duration, energy intake, educational level, physical activity, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and diabetes treatment, to estimate odds ratio (ORs) of DR. RESULTS Patients with DR had significantly lower intake of fibre, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and palmitic and oleic acid. Inverse associations were observed between MUFA and oleic acid intake in DR. Subjects with intermediate and high MUFA intake were less likely to have DR than those with lower MUFA intake, with ORs of 0.46 (95 % CI: 0.22-0.93) and 0.42 (95 % CI: 0.18-0.97), respectively. Similarly, intermediate and high oleic acid intake were associated with reduced DR frequency compared with low oleic acid intake, with OR values of 0.48 (95 % CI: 0.23-0.97) and 0.37 (95 % CI: 0.16-0.85), respectively. These associations were stronger in patients with a longer diabetes duration. CONCLUSION In type 2 diabetes mellitus, MUFA and oleic acid intake were inversely associated with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Alcubierre
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198 Spain
| | - Eva M Navarrete-Muñoz
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemilogy and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP), Madrid, 28029 Spain.,Public Health Department, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Esther Rubinat
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de Barcelona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció. Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, 08007 Spain
| | - Mireia Falguera
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198 Spain.,Primary Health Care Center Igualada Nord, Igualada, 08700 Spain
| | - Joan Valls
- Biostatistics Unit, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198 Spain
| | - Alicia Traveset
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198 Spain.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, 25198 Spain
| | | | - Josep Ramon Marsal
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de Lleida, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en AtencióPrimària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Lleida, 25007 Spain.,Unitat de Epidemiologia, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, 08035 Spain
| | - Marta Hernandez
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198 Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, 25198 Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Jurjo
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198 Spain.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, 25198 Spain
| | - Josep Franch-Nadal
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de Barcelona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció. Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, 08007 Spain.,Primary Health Care Center Raval Sud, Barcelona, 08001 Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemilogy and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP), Madrid, 28029 Spain.,Public Health Department, Miguel Hernandez University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, 25198 Spain.,Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de Barcelona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció. Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, 08007 Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital and Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias Pujol, CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Badalona, 08916 Spain
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154
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Elajami TK, Colas RA, Dalli J, Chiang N, Serhan CN, Welty FK. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators in patients with coronary artery disease and their potential for clot remodeling. FASEB J 2016; 30:2792-801. [PMID: 27121596 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500155r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in arterial walls leads to coronary artery disease (CAD). Because specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs; lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins) stimulate resolution of inflammation in animal models, we tested whether n-3 fatty acids impact SPM profiles in patients with CAD and promote clot remodeling. Six patients with stable CAD were randomly assigned to either treatment with daily 3.36 g Lovaza for 1 yr or without. Targeted lipid mediator-metabololipidomics showed that both groups had absence of resolvin D1 (RvD1), RvD2, RvD3, RvD5 and resolvin E1-all of which are present in healthy patients. Those not taking Lovaza had an absence of aspirin-triggered resolvin D3 (AT-RvD3) and aspirin-triggered lipoxin B4 (AT-LXB4). Lovaza treatment restored AT-RvD3 and AT-LXB4 and gave levels of RvD6 and aspirin-triggered protectin D1 (AT-PD1) twice as high (resolvin E2 ∼5 fold) as well as lower prostaglandins. Principal component analysis indicated positive relationships for patients with CAD who were receiving Lovaza with increased AT-RvD3, RvD6, AT-PD1, and AT-LXB4 SPMs identified in Lovaza-treated patients with CAD enhanced ∼50% at 1 nM macrophage uptake of blood clots. These results indicate that patients with CAD have lower levels and/or absence of specific SPMs that were restored with Lovaza; these SPMs promote macrophage phagocytosis of blood clots. Together, they suggest that low vascular SPMs may enable progression of chronic vascular inflammation predisposing to coronary atherosclerosis and to thrombosis.-Elajami, T. K., Colas, R. A., Dalli, J., Chiang, N., Serhan, C. N., Welty, F. K. Specialized proresolving lipid mediators in patients with coronary artery disease and their potential for clot remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarec K Elajami
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Romain A Colas
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nan Chiang
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francine K Welty
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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155
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Martín-Peláez S, Castañer O, Solà R, Motilva MJ, Castell M, Pérez-Cano FJ, Fitó M. Influence of Phenol-Enriched Olive Oils on Human Intestinal Immune Function. Nutrients 2016; 8:213. [PMID: 27077879 PMCID: PMC4848682 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil (OO) phenolic compounds (PC) are able to influence gut microbial populations and metabolic output. Our aim was to investigate whether these compounds and changes affect the mucosal immune system. In a randomized, controlled, double blind cross-over human trial, for three weeks, preceded by two-week washout periods, 10 hypercholesterolemic participants ingested 25 mL/day of three raw virgin OO differing in their PC concentration and origin: (1) an OO containing 80 mg PC/kg (VOO); (2) a PC-enriched OO containing 500 mg PC/kg from OO (FVOO); and (3) a PC-enriched OO containing a mixture of 500 mg PC/kg from OO and thyme (1:1, FVOOT). Intestinal immunity (fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-coated bacteria) and inflammation markers (C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and calprotectin) was analyzed. The ingestion of high amounts of OO PC, as contained in FVOO, tended to increase the proportions of IgA-coated bacteria and increased plasma levels of CRP. However, lower amounts of OO PC (VOO) and the combination of two PC sources (FVOOT) did not show significant effects on the variables investigated. Results indicate a potential stimulation of the immune system with very high doses of OO PC, which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martín-Peláez
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Rosa Solà
- Unit of Farmacobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili, Reus 43201, Spain.
| | - María José Motilva
- Food Technology Department, UTPV-XaRTA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida 25198, Spain.
| | - Margarida Castell
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Francisco José Pérez-Cano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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156
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Accardi G, Aiello A, Gambino CM, Virruso C, Caruso C, Candore G. Mediterranean nutraceutical foods: Strategy to improve vascular ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 159:63-70. [PMID: 26879630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is characterized by a decline in all systemic functions. A greater susceptibility to apoptosis and senescence may contribute to proliferative and functional impairment of endothelial progenitor cells. They play an important role in neo-angiogenesis and endothelial repair. Vascular ageing is associated with changes in the structure and functions of vessels' wall. There are many possible causes of this damage. For sure, inflammation and oxidative stress play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction, commonly attributed to a reduced availability of nitric oxide. Inflammageing, the chronic low-grade inflammation that characterizes elderly people, aggravates vascular pathology and provokes atherosclerosis, the major cardiovascular disease. Nutraceutical and molecular biology represent new insights in this field. In fact, the first could represent a possible treatment in the prevention or delay of vascular ageing; the second could offer new possible targets for potential therapeutic interventions. In this review, we pay attention on the causes of vascular ageing and on the effects of nutraceuticals on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Accardi
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Anna Aiello
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Claudia Virruso
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
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