151
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Liu Y, Yi L, Wang L, Chen L, Chen X, Wang Y. Ginsenoside Rg1 protects human umbilical cord blood-derived stromal cells against tert-Butyl hydroperoxide-induced apoptosis through Akt-FoxO3a-Bim signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 421:75-87. [PMID: 27522666 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood-derived stromal cells (hUCBDSCs) possess strong capability of supporting hematopoiesis and immune regulation, whereas some stress conditions cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and then lead to oxidative injury and cell apoptosis. Ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) has been demonstrated to exert antioxidative and prosurvival effects in many cell types. In this study, the tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), an analog of hydroperoxide, was utilized to mimic the oxidative damage to hUCBDSCs. We aimed to investigate the effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 on protecting hUCBDSCs from t-BHP-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis, as well as the possible signaling pathway involved. It was shown that the treatment of hUCBDSCs with G-Rg1 markedly restored the t-BHP-induced cell viability loss, promoted the CFU-F formation, and inhibited cell apoptosis. G-Rg1 also caused a reduced production of LDH and MDA while significantly enhancing the activity of SOD. Mechanistically, G-Rg1 promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO3a and led to the cytoplasmic translocation of FoxO3a, which in turn suppressed FoxO3a-modulated expression of proapoptotic Bim and elevated the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax. All these results suggest that G-Rg1 enhances the survival of t-BHP-induced hUCBDSCs and protects them against apoptosis at least partially through Akt-FoxO3a-Bim signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linbo Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongbin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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152
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Xia JF, Inagaki Y, Zhang JF, Wang L, Song PP. Chinese medicine as complementary therapy for female infertility. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 23:245-252. [PMID: 27484764 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chinese medicine (CM) has been used in clinical treatment for thousands of years in China, Japan, Korea, and other countries. CM is at present attracting many attentions around the world for reproductive health care and disease prevention, including treatment of female infertility. This review focuses on the CM treatment for female infertility patients, and supplies a summary on the efficacy, safety, and mechanism of some Chinese herbal medicines, herbal medicine-derived active compounds, and acupuncture. A large number of researches have reported that CM could alleviate or even cure female infertility by regulating hormone, improving reproductive outcome of in vivo fertilization, affecting embryonic implantation, curing polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, relieving mental stress, and regulating immune system. Meanwhile, a few studies claimed that there was little adverse reaction of CM in randomized controlled trials. However, up to present there is a lack of adequate evidences with molecular mechanistic researches and randomized controlled trials to prove the CM as an effective and safe treatment for infertility. Thus, utility of CM as a complementary medicine will be a feasible method to improve the outcome of female infertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Feng Xia
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Inagaki
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jian-Feng Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Academy of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Mordern Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Academy of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Mordern Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Pei-Pei Song
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, 227-8561, Japan.
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153
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Absorption and pharmacokinetic study of two sulphated triterpenoid saponins in rat after oral and intravenous administration of saponin extracts of Pearsonothuria graeffei by HPLC-MS. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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154
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Han JS, Sung JH, Lee SK. Antimelanogenesis Activity of Hydrolyzed Ginseng Extract (GINST) via Inhibition of JNK Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase in B16F10 Cells. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H2085-92. [PMID: 27356239 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
GINST is a hydrolyzed ginseng extract produced by an in vitro process that imitates the metabolic function of bacteria in the human digestive track and has approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea for the management of postprandial hyperglycemia. Additionally, GINST has been reported to have other physiological functions including anti-aging and antioxidant effects. The objectives of this study are to compare the antimelanogenic effects of fresh ginseng extract (FGE) and GINST extract and to elucidate the functional mechanism. The concentration of total ginsenosides in FGE and GINST was measured using ultraperformance liquid chromatography with a C18 column. B16F10 cells were treated with FGE and GINST for 72 h to assess melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and protein levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). The activity of kinases involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38), were measured using western blots. While neither FGE nor GINST inhibited the activity of mushroom tyrosinase directly, GINST decreased melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity markedly. Furthermore, our results indicate that GINST downregulated the levels of MITF and TRP-1 possibly by suppressing JNK signaling. We concluded that, when compared to FGE, GINST has a superior antimelanogenic effect mediated by the downregulation of MITF, TRP-1, and intracellular tyrosinase activity via the JNK signaling pathway. Thus, we suggest that GINST has the potential to be used as a novel skin whitening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Seung Han
- Ilhwa Co., BioTech Research Inst., Foreign Business Center, 25, Angol-ro 56 beon-gil, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Sung
- Ilhwa Co., BioTech Research Inst., Foreign Business Center, 25, Angol-ro 56 beon-gil, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seung Kwon Lee
- Ilhwa Co., BioTech Research Inst., Foreign Business Center, 25, Angol-ro 56 beon-gil, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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155
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Ye J, Yao JP, Wang X, Zheng M, Li P, He C, Wan JB, Yao X, Su H. Neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides on neural progenitor cells against oxidative injury. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3083-91. [PMID: 26935530 PMCID: PMC4805061 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides exhibit various neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress. However, which ginsenoside provides optimal effects for the treatment of neurological disorders as a potent antioxidant remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated and compared the neuroprotective effects of the Rb1, Rd, Rg1 and Re ginsenosides on neural progenitor cells (NPCs) following tert-Butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative injury. Primary rat embryonic cortical NPCs were prepared from E14.5 embryos of Sprague-Dawley rats. The oxidative injury model was established with t-BHP. A lactate dehydrogenase assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining were used to measure the viability of the NPCs pre-treated with ginsenosides under oxidative stress. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to determine the activation of intracellular signaling pathways triggered by the pretreatment of ginsenosides. Among the four ginsenosides, only Rb1 attenuated t-BHP toxicity in the NPCs, and the nuclear factor (erythroizd-derived 2)-like 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway was found to be key in the intracellular defense against oxidative stress. The present study demonstrated the anti-oxidative effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on NPCs, and suggested that Rb1 may offer potential as a potent antioxidant for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zheijiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Yao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery II, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, P.R. China
| | - Minying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, P.R. China
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156
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Li H, Kang T, Qi B, Kong L, Jiao Y, Cao Y, Zhang J, Yang J. Neuroprotective effects of ginseng protein on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the hippocampus of D-galactose/AlCl3 inducing rats model of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:162-169. [PMID: 26721223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, with progressive memory loss, cognitive deterioration, and behavioral disorders. Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is widely used in China to treat various kinds of nervous system disorders. The study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of ginseng protein (GP) on Alzheimer's disease and its correlation with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to understand the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of ginseng. MATERIAL AND METHODS The AD rat model was established by intraperitoneally injecting D-galactose [60mg/(kgd)] followed by intragastrically administering AlCl3 [40mg/(kgd)] for 90 days. From day 60, the GP groups were intragastrically administered with GP 0.05 or 0.1g/kg twice daily for 30 days. The ethology of rats was tested by Morris water maze test. The content of Aβ1-42 and p-tau in the hippocampus of rats was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of mRNAs and proteins of PI3K, Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), Bcl-2, and Bax in the hippocampus was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. RESULTS GP was found to significantly improve the memory ability of AD rats and prolong the times of crossing the platform and the percentage of residence time in the original platform quadrant of spatial probe test. GP also reduced the content of Aβ1-42 and p-tau and improved the mRNA and protein expression of PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and Bcl-2/Bax in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS GP could improve the memory ability and reduce the content of Aβ1-42 and p-tau in AD rats. The anti-AD effects of GP were in part mediated by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Li
- Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Tingguo Kang
- Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Bin Qi
- College of pharmacy of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Liang Kong
- Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yanan Jiao
- Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Dalian Huaxin Physicochemical Testing Centre Ltd., Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jianghua Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Jingxian Yang
- Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
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157
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Studies on intestinal transport of ginsenoside compatibility with Veratrum nigrum via Caco-2 cell monolayer model coupled with UPLC-ESI-MS method. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-5207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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158
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Wang HP, Zhang YB, Yang XW, Zhao DQ, Wang YP. Rapid characterization of ginsenosides in the roots and rhizomes of Panax ginseng by UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS and simultaneous determination of 19 ginsenosides by HPLC-ESI-MS. J Ginseng Res 2015; 40:382-394. [PMID: 27746691 PMCID: PMC5052439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginsenosides are the characteristic and principal components which manifest a variety of the biological and pharmacological activities of the roots and rhizomes of Panax ginseng (GRR). This study was carried out to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the ginsenosides in the cultivated and forest GRR. METHODS A rapid and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detector and quadrupole/time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS) was applied to the qualitative analysis of ginsenosides and a 4000 QTRAP triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-MS) was applied to quantitative analysis of 19 ginsenosides. RESULTS In the qualitative analysis, all ingredients were separated in 10 min. A total of 131 ginsenosides were detected in cultivated and forest GRR. The method for the quantitative determination was validated for linearity, precision, and limits of detection and quantification. 19 representative ginsenosides were quantitated. The total content of all 19 ginsenosides in the forest GRR were much higher than those in the cultivated GRR, and were increased with the growing ages. CONCLUSION This newly developed analysis method could be applied to the quality assessment of GRR as well as the distinction between cultivated and forest GRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - You-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Qing Zhao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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159
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Abstract
Ginseng is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic and an adaptogen to reduce fatigue and boost the immune system. In recent years, ginseng extracts are shown to have both bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions and seem to exert their effects by several mechanisms, including disruption of biofilms, inhibition of quorum-sensing and virulence factors, and altering motility. Also, ginseng extracts are shown to have antifungal properties as demonstrated by their ability to inhibit the growth of several mold and yeast species. Extracts from ginseng root have a strong antiviral activity against the RNA viruses in cell cultures and animal models. In addition to the antimicrobial activities, ginseng extracts are shown to possess immunomodulatory properties involved in the amelioration of infections. The present paper describes the antimicrobial effects of ginseng and its extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Kachur
- a Department of Biology , Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada P7B 5E1
| | - Zacharias E Suntres
- a Department of Biology , Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada P7B 5E1.,b Medical Sciences Division , Northern Ontario School of Medicine , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada P7B 5E1
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160
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New SIRT1 activator from alkaline hydrolysate of total saponins in the stems-leaves of Panax ginseng. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5321-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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