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Wu J, Hu S, Zhang L, Xin J, Sun C, Wang L, Ding K, Wang B. Tumor circulome in the liquid biopsies for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Theranostics 2020; 10:4544-4556. [PMID: 32292514 PMCID: PMC7150480 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a convenient, fast, non-invasive and reproducible sampling method that can dynamically reflect the changes in tumor gene expression profile, and provide a robust basis for individualized therapy and early diagnosis of cancer. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the currently approved diagnostic biomarkers for screening cancer patients. In addition, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs), circulating tumor-derived proteins, circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA) and tumor-bearing platelets (TEPs) are other components of liquid biopsies with diagnostic potential. In this review, we have discussed the clinical applications of these biomarkers, and the factors that limit their implementation in routine clinical practice. In addition, the most recent developments in the isolation and analysis of circulating tumor biomarkers have been summarized, and the potential of non-blood liquid biopsies in tumor diagnostics has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Wu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Shen Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biomedical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jinxia Xin
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Chongran Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Liquan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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152
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Pan L, Fang J, Chen MY, Zhai ST, Zhang B, Jiang ZY, Juengpanich S, Wang YF, Cai XJ. Promising key genes associated with tumor microenvironments and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:789-803. [PMID: 32148377 PMCID: PMC7052538 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i8.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant advances in multimodality treatments, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most common malignant tumors. Identification of novel prognostic biomarkers and molecular targets is urgently needed.
AIM To identify potential key genes associated with tumor microenvironments and the prognosis of HCC.
METHODS The infiltration levels of immune cells and stromal cells were calculated and quantified based on the ESTIMATE algorithm. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high and low groups according to immune or stromal scores were screened using the gene expression profile of HCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas and were further linked to the prognosis of HCC. These genes were validated in four independent HCC cohorts. Survival-related key genes were identified by a LASSO Cox regression model.
RESULTS HCC patients with a high immune/stromal score had better survival benefits than patients with a low score. A total of 899 DEGs were identified and found to be involved in immune responses and extracellular matrices, 147 of which were associated with overall survival. Subsequently, 52 of 147 survival-related DEGs were validated in additional cohorts. Finally, ten key genes (STSL2, TMC5, DOK5, RASGRP2, NLRC3, KLRB1, CD5L, CFHR3, ADH1C, and UGT2B15) were selected and used to construct a prognostic gene signature, which presented a good performance in predicting overall survival.
CONCLUSION This study extracted a list of genes associated with tumor microenvironments and the prognosis of HCC, thereby providing several valuable directions for the prognostic prediction and molecular targeted therapy of HCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pan
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shu-Ting Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sarun Juengpanich
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiu-Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technique Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Province Medical Research Center of Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Abdominal Diseases, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
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153
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Liu DL, Lu LL, Dong LL, Liu Y, Bian XY, Lian BF, Xie L, Wen D, Gao DM, Ke AW, Fan J, Wu WZ. miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p suppress postoperative metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via blocking HGF/ERBB3-NF-κB positive feedback loop. Theranostics 2020; 10:3668-3683. [PMID: 32206115 PMCID: PMC7069088 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) is a frequent event in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but little is known whether it is a bystander or an actual player on residual HCC metastasis during liver microenvironment remodeling initiated by hepatectomy. Methods: The differently expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were identified from RNA-seq data. Western blot, qRT-PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical were used to detect the expression of miRNA and mRNA in cell lines and patient tissues. The biological functions were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation and luciferase reporter assay were used to explore the specific binding of target genes. The expression of HGF/ERBB3 signaling was detected by Western blot. Results: In this study, HGF induced by hepatectomy was shown to promote metastasis of residual HCC cells. miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p were confirmed to play inhibitory roles on HCC metastasis. And ERBB3 was found to be the common target of miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p. HCC cells with lower levels of miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p or higher level of ERBB3 were often more sensitive to response HGF stimuli and to facilitate metastatic colonization both in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. Furthermore, HGF reinforced ERBB3 expression by NF-κB transcriptional activity in a positive feedback loop. Of particular importance, HCC patients with lower levels of miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p or higher level of ERBB3 had significantly shorter OS and PFS survivals after surgical resection. Conclusion: miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p could suppress postoperative metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via blocking HGF/ERBB3-NF-κB positive feedback loop and offer a new probable strategy for metastasis prevention after HCC resection.
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154
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Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: A Mechanism that Fuels Cancer Radio/Chemoresistance. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020428. [PMID: 32059478 PMCID: PMC7072371 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to tumor progression, cancer cell invasion, and therapy resistance. EMT is regulated by transcription factors such as the protein products of the SNAI gene family, which inhibits the expression of epithelial genes. Several signaling pathways, such as TGF-beta1, IL-6, Akt, and Erk1/2, trigger EMT responses. Besides regulatory transcription factors, RNA molecules without protein translation, micro RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs also assist in the initialization of the EMT gene cluster. A challenging novel aspect of EMT research is the investigation of the interplay between tumor microenvironments and EMT. Several microenvironmental factors, including fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, as well as inflammatory, immune, and endothelial cells, induce EMT in tumor cells. EMT tumor cells change their adverse microenvironment into a tumor friendly neighborhood, loaded with stromal regulatory T cells, exhausted CD8+ T cells, and M2 (protumor) macrophages. Several EMT inhibitory mechanisms are instrumental in reversing EMT or targeting EMT cells. Currently, these mechanisms are also significant for clinical use.
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155
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Wang J, Chen D, Song W, Liu Z, Ma W, Li X, Zhang C, Wang X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Cao W, Qi L. ATP6L promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:477-488. [PMID: 31840304 PMCID: PMC7004526 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP6L, the C subunit of the V-ATPase V0 domain, is involved in regulating the acidic tumor micro-environment and may promote tumor progression. However, the expression and functional role of ATP6L in tumors have not yet been well explored. In this study, we found that ATP6L protein overexpression was related to colorectal cancer histological differentiation (P < 0.001), presence of metastasis (P < 0.001) and recurrence (P = 0.02). ATP6L expression in the liver metastatic foci was higher than in the primary foci (P = 0.04). ATP6L expression was notably concomitant with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) immunohistochemical features, such as reduced expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin (P = 0.021) and increased expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin (P = 0.004). Results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that ATP6L expression could alter cell morphology, regulate EMT-associated protein expression, and enhance migration and invasion. The effect of ATP6L on metastasis was further demonstrated in a tail vein injection mice model. In addition, the mouse xenograft model showed that ATP6L-overexpressing HCT116 cells grew into larger tumor masses, showed less necrosis and formed more micro-vessels than the control cells. Taken together, our results suggest that ATP6L promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer by inducing EMT and angiogenesis, and is a potential target for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wangzhao Song
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Department of Breast Imaging, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yalei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenfeng Cao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lisha Qi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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156
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Xia S, Pan Y, Liang Y, Xu J, Cai X. The microenvironmental and metabolic aspects of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102610. [PMID: 31918403 PMCID: PMC7000339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In most cases, sorafenib-resistant HCC cells exhibit significant mesenchymal phenotype and stemness features. In this context, tumor cells might undergo cell fate transition in response to sorafenib or other targeted drugs in the presence or absence of genetic mutations. Therefore, understanding the major characteristics of drug-resistant cells state helps to discover new treatments that overcome drug resistance. To note, little is known about the metabolic or microenvironmental aspects of the certain tumor cell states beyond the genome. This review mainly focuses on the underlying mechanisms of acquired sorafenib resistance based on CSCs and EMT models, which explain tumor heterogeneity and have been considered the major cause of secondary sorafenib resistance. In particular, it discusses how the tumor microenvironment and tumor metabolism regulate cell stemness, mesenchymal state, and sorafenib resistance through epigenetic regulations, and provides reliable targets that might have synergetic effect with sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yuelong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China.
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China.
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157
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Mansouri V, Razzaghi M, Nikzamir A, Ahmadzadeh A, Iranshahi M, Haghazali M, Hamdieh M. Assessment of liver cancer biomarkers. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2020; 13:S29-S39. [PMID: 33585001 PMCID: PMC7881406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. It is primarily divides into two main types, namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) and cholangiocarcinoma (IC). Due to the increasing number of patients with liver cancer and the high mortality rate, early diagnosis of the disease can be helpful in treatment, but most patients are diagnosed atlate stages of HC. The aim of this study is to screen and provide an overview on candidate biomarkers related to primary liver cancer to introduce the critical ones. In this study, various biomarkers related to the diagnosis of primary liver cancer have been studied. Accordingly, biomarkers are divided into different groups as blood biomarkers classified as serum and plasma biomarkers, tissue biomarkers, microRNA biomarkers, proteomic biomarkers and altered genes. Previous researches have focused on liver cells and bile ducts, the surround cellular environment, how cells differentiate, and the types of genes expressed in liver cancer. Some even have focused on the origin of tumor cells and how they differentiate and develop. In all these studies, the expression of specific proteins and genes in liver cancer has been considered. Based on available sources, biomarkers can be considered as candidates to diagnose and prognosis of various types of primary liver cancer, from sources such as blood, tissue, mic-RNA, proteome and genes. However, more investigations are required to introduce a biomarker for precise detection of early liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mansouri
- Proteomics Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohhamadreza Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Faculty of Medicine, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ahmadzadeh
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Iranshahi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Haghazali
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hamdieh
- Department of Psychosomatic, Taleghani Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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158
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Shao S, Hu Q, Wu W, Wang M, Huang J, Zhao X, Tang G, Liang T. Tumor-triggered personalized microRNA cocktail therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6579-6591. [PMID: 33231584 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00794c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
miRNA cocktail therapy based on pH-responsive nanoparticles featuring PEG detachment and size transformation is a potential strategy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- First Affiliated Hospital
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Hangzhou 310003
- China
| | - Qida Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- First Affiliated Hospital
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Hangzhou 310003
- China
| | - Wangteng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- First Affiliated Hospital
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Hangzhou 310003
- China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- First Affiliated Hospital
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Hangzhou 310003
- China
| | - Junming Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- First Affiliated Hospital
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Hangzhou 310003
- China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- First Affiliated Hospital
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Hangzhou 310003
- China
| | - Guping Tang
- Institute of Chemistry Biology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310028
- China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- First Affiliated Hospital
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Hangzhou 310003
- China
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159
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and is associated with high mortality. The currently used methods for diagnosing HCC, including imaging modalities and liver biopsy, detect tumors at a relatively advanced stage or are invasive. Non-invasive biomarkers are urgently needed to facilitate screening and early diagnosis of HCC, as well as treatment monitoring and detection of tumor recurrence. Liquid biopsy, the analysis of blood or other body fluids to obtain genetic and epigenetic information, has historically been applied to other types of cancer including breast and prostate cancer. Over the past few decades, liquid biopsy analysis has shed significant insights on genetic and epigenetic aberrations in HCC detectable in peripheral blood. Aberrations in nucleic acids found circulating freely in body fluids or contained within extracellular vesicles such as exosomes or microvesicles show potential clinical utility as non-invasive biomarkers. In this review, we present available literature on cell-free nucleic acids in the diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bubu A Banini
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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160
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Qu Z, Feng J, Pan H, Jiang Y, Duan Y, Fa Z. Exosomes derived from HCC cells with different invasion characteristics mediated EMT through TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6897-6905. [PMID: 31692540 PMCID: PMC6711569 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s209413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are nano-sized biological vesicles released by many kinds of cells, which play an important role in tumor metastasis through transporting cytokines, RNAs and proteins. However, the molecular mechanisms of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis are not completely understood. Materials and methods Exosomes derived from hepatoma cell lines with different invasion characteristics. Exosome characteristics, cell migration and invasion, and effects on major signal transduction pathways deregulated in cancer cells were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wound-healing assay, Trans-well invasion assay and Western blot-based assays, respectively. Moreover, exosomes effects on tumor metastasis in vivo were investigated by subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of athymic nude mice. Results Exosomes derived from hepatoma cells can promote the migration and invasion of recipient cells, induce the decrease of E-cadherin expression, increase the expression of Vimentin and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cells. Moreover, highly invasive hepatoma-cells-derived exosomes effects are stronger than low-invasive hepatoma cells and normal liver cells exosomes. Mechanistic studies showed that the biological alterations in recipient HCC cells treated with MHCC97H and MHCC97L-derived exosomes were caused by inducing EMT via TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. In vivo experiments also suggest that highly invasive hepatoma cells derived exosomes are more likely to promote lung metastasis of HCC in nude mice. Conclusion Our results reveal the important role of tumor-derived exosomes in the migration and invasion of recipient cells and exosomes may be the novel therapeutic and prognostic targets for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, the Third Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Feng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, the Third Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liyang, Liyang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, the Third Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Duan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, the Third Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Fa
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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