21351
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Bordoni A, Danesi F, Di Nunzio M, Taccari A, Valli V. Ancient wheat and health: a legend or the reality? A review on KAMUT khorasan wheat. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:278-286. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1247434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Research, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesca Danesi
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Mattia Di Nunzio
- Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Research, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Taccari
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Veronica Valli
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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21352
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Aerosol and Surface Deposition Characteristics of Two Surrogates for Bacillus anthracis Spores. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6682-6690. [PMID: 27613681 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02052-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Spores of an acrystalliferous derivative of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, termed Btcry-, are morphologically, aerodynamically, and structurally indistinguishable from Bacillus anthracis spores. Btcry- spores were dispersed in a large, open-ended barn together with spores of Bacillus atrophaeus subsp. globigii, a historically used surrogate for Bacillus anthracis Spore suspensions (2 × 1012 CFU each of B. atrophaeus subsp. globigii and Btcry-) were aerosolized in each of five spray events using a backpack misting device incorporating an air blower; a wind of 4.9 to 7.6 m s-1 was also flowing through the barn in the same direction. Filter air samplers were situated throughout the barn to assess the aerosol density of the spores during each release. Trays filled with a surfactant in aqueous buffer were placed on the floor near the filter samplers to assess spore deposition. Spores were also recovered from arrays of solid surfaces (concrete, aluminum, and plywood) that had been laid on the floor and set up as a wall at the end of the barn. B. atrophaeus subsp. globigii spores were found to remain airborne for significantly longer periods, and to be deposited on horizontal surfaces at lower densities, than Btcry- spores, particularly near the spray source. There was a 6-fold-higher deposition of Btcry- spores than of B. atrophaeus subsp. globigii spores on vertical surfaces relative to the surrounding airborne density. This work is relevant for selecting the best B. anthracis surrogate for the prediction of human exposure, hazard assessment, and hazard management following a malicious release of B. anthracis IMPORTANCE: There is concern that pathogenic bacteria could be maliciously disseminated in the air to cause human infection and disruption of normal life. The threat from spore-forming organisms, such as the causative agent of anthrax, is particularly serious. In order to assess the extent of this risk, it is important to have a surrogate organism that can be used to replicate the dispersal characteristics of the threat agent accurately. This work compares the aerosol dispersal and deposition behaviors of the surrogates Btcry- and B. atrophaeus subsp. globigii Btcry- spores remained in the air for a shorter time, and were markedly more likely to adhere to vertical surfaces, than B. atrophaeus subsp. globigii spores.
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21353
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Kolanjiyil AV, Kleinstreuer C. Computationally efficient analysis of particle transport and deposition in a human whole-lung-airway model. Part I: Theory and model validation. Comput Biol Med 2016; 79:193-204. [PMID: 27810625 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Computational predictions of aerosol transport and deposition in the human respiratory tract can assist in evaluating detrimental or therapeutic health effects when inhaling toxic particles or administering drugs. However, the sheer complexity of the human lung, featuring a total of 16 million tubular airways, prohibits detailed computer simulations of the fluid-particle dynamics for the entire respiratory system. Thus, in order to obtain useful and efficient particle deposition results, an alternative modeling approach is necessary where the whole-lung geometry is approximated and physiological boundary conditions are implemented to simulate breathing. In Part I, the present new whole-lung-airway model (WLAM) represents the actual lung geometry via a basic 3-D mouth-to-trachea configuration while all subsequent airways are lumped together, i.e., reduced to an exponentially expanding 1-D conduit. The diameter for each generation of the 1-D extension can be obtained on a subject-specific basis from the calculated total volume which represents each generation of the individual. The alveolar volume was added based on the approximate number of alveoli per generation. A wall-displacement boundary condition was applied at the bottom surface of the first-generation WLAM, so that any breathing pattern due to the negative alveolar pressure can be reproduced. Specifically, different inhalation/exhalation scenarios (rest, exercise, etc.) were implemented by controlling the wall/mesh displacements to simulate realistic breathing cycles in the WLAM. Total and regional particle deposition results agree with experimental lung deposition results. The outcomes provide critical insight to and quantitative results of aerosol deposition in human whole-lung airways with modest computational resources. Hence, the WLAM can be used in analyzing human exposure to toxic particulate matter or it can assist in estimating pharmacological effects of administered drug-aerosols. As a practical WLAM application, the transport and deposition of asthma drugs from a commercial dry-powder inhaler is discussed in Part II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Kolanjiyil
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Clement Kleinstreuer
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Joint UNC-NCSU Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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21354
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Kocaay AF, Celik SU, Hesimov I, Eker T, Percinel S, Demirer S. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Breast: A Clinical Case Report. Med Arch 2016; 70:392-394. [PMID: 27994304 PMCID: PMC5136425 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2016.70.392-394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon tumor of the breast, accounting for approximately 0.1% to 1% of all breast cancers. It is characterized by rare lymph node involvement and distant metastasis, and associated with a favorable prognosis with excellent survival, despite its triple-negative status. In the current state of knowledge, results of breast-conserving treatment with postoperative radiotherapy seem to be equivalent to mastectomy alone, with respect to survival for ACC of the breast. Due to its rarity, there is no consensus on optimal treatment for patients with ACC. Otherwise, the role of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy remains controversial. Further clinical studies are required to compare treatment options for ACC. But, a long-term follow-up is very important and mandatory for affected patients, due to the late onset of local relapse and occurrence of distant metastasis. Case report: Here, we report the case of a patient who presented with a palpable breast mass in the left breast that turned out to be an ACC of the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akin Firat Kocaay
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Utku Celik
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilkin Hesimov
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Eker
- Department of General Surgery, Famagusta Medical Center Hospital, Gazimagusa, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| | - Sibel Percinel
- Department of Pathology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seher Demirer
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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21355
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Shi L, Truong K, Summey J, Spitler H. Liquor store density and acute pancreatitis hospitalization. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2016.1195895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21356
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Brandalise A, Lorenzetti C, Aranha NC, Brandalise NA. VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS INVOLVING THE ENTIRE ESOPHAGUS. ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2016; 28:293-4. [PMID: 26734805 PMCID: PMC4755187 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-6720201500030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21357
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Xayarath B, Freitag NE. When being alone is enough: noncanonical functions of canonical bacterial quorum-sensing systems. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:1447-1459. [PMID: 27750441 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of bacterial pathogens are capable of detecting the presence of other bacteria located within their surrounding niche through a process of bacterial signaling and cell-to-cell communication commonly referred to as quorum sensing (QS). QS systems are commonly now described in the context of collective behaviors exhibited by groups of bacteria coordinating diverse arrays of physiological functions to enhance survival of the community. However, QS systems have also been implicated in a variety of processes distinct from the measure of bacterial cell density. This review will highlight noncanonical adaptations of canonical QS systems that have evolved to enable bacteria to detect nonself individuals within a population or to detect occupation of confined spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobbi Xayarath
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7344, USA
| | - Nancy E Freitag
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7344, USA
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21358
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Oikonomidis N, Kavantzas N, Korou LM, Konstantopoulos P, Pergialiotis V, Misiakos E, Rizos I, Verikokos C, Perrea DN. Pre-treatment with simvastatin prevents the induction of diet-induced atherosclerosis in a rabbit model. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:667-674. [PMID: 28101339 PMCID: PMC5228082 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential antiatherosclerotic activities of simvastatin in rabbits. Twenty-two, male, New Zealand rabbits were divided into the following groups: Control group (group C); cholesterol group (group A), in which the rabbits were fed a commercial rabbit chow supplemented with 0.5% w/w cholesterol for 8 weeks and then fed with normal chow for an additional 8 weeks; and a treatment group (group B), in which the rabbits initially received standard commercial rabbit chow along with being administered simvastatin for 8 weeks, following which they consumed a high-cholesterol diet for a further 8 weeks. The rabbits pre-treated with simvastatin presented significantly lower serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when compared with the non simvastatin-treated cholesterol-fed animals. Furthermore, none of the rabbits in the simvastatin group presented with atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta. Thus, simvastatin was demonstrated to exhibit preventive properties against the formation of atherosclerosis in the atherosclerosis model in the current study, predominantly via its hypolipidemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Oikonomidis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kavantzas
- 1st Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Laiko University Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Laskarina-Maria Korou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Konstantopoulos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Evangelos Misiakos
- 3rd Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Ioannis Rizos
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Christos Verikokos
- 2nd Department of Propedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Laiko University Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Despina N Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens 11527, Greece
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21359
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Tuberculosis, one more consideration in the differential diagnosis of a pancreatic mass. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2016; 40:619-621. [PMID: 27743782 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21360
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Jiang W, Cen Y, Song Y, Li P, Qin R, Liu C, Zhao Y, Zheng J, Zhou H. Artesunate attenuated progression of atherosclerosis lesion formation alone or combined with rosuvastatin through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-inflammatory chemokines. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1259-66. [PMID: 27316397 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Inflammation plays an important role in all stages of atherosclerosis, but little is known about the therapeutic effects of quenching inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions formation. PURPOSE Herein, the effect of artesunate, a derivant from artemisinin from the traditional Chinese herb sweet wormwood, could attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis lesion formation alone or combined with rosuvastatin in Western-type diet (WD) fed ApoE(-/-) mice, and explored its possible mechanisms. METHODS The methods such as ELISA for plasma lipids and cytokines analyses, qRT-PCR and western blot for mRNA and protein expressions, and MTT assay for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) viability were used for in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS Artesunate could attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis lesion formation alone or combined with rosuvastatin in WD fed ApoE(-/-) mice without changes in food uptake, body weight and plasma lipids level, but with a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine, such as TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, artesunate could down-regulate the pro-inflammatory chemokines such as IL-8 and MCP-1 in aorta of mice. Besides, artesunate didn't influence IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion in HUVECs up-regulated by TNF-α, but inhibited IL-8 and MCP-1 secretion up-regulated by LPS. CONCLUSION AS attenuated progression of atherosclerosis lesion formation alone or combined with rosuvastatin through anti-inflammatory effect, resulting in down-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6, and further down-regulating IL-8 and MCP-1 expressions in aorta of WD fed ApoE(-/-) mice. Rosuvastatin combined with artesunate could more effectively attenuate the progression of atherosclerosis lesions than when treated by one of them, demonstrating that lipid-lowering agents combined with anti-inflammatory agents could provide the greater benefit for cardiovascular disease patients. Artesunate is worth further investigating as a candidate drug for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Cen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Southwestern Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China.
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21361
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Sobenin IA, Andrianova IV, Lakunin KY, Karagodin VP, Bobryshev YV, Orekhov AN. Anti-atherosclerotic effects of garlic preparation in freeze injury model of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1235-9. [PMID: 26739249 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the most popular substances used to reduce various risks associated with cardiovascular disease. However, little is known on the direct effects of garlic on atherosclerosis. PURPOSE In the present study we have examined the effect of per oral administration of the time-released garlic herbal preparation on serum atherogenicity and formation of intimal thickening after freeze injury in cholesterol-fed rabbits. METHODS Group 1 rabbits maintained on the standard cholesterol-rich diet served as the control. Group 2 rabbits were fed the cholesterol-rich diet and treated with garlic preparation containing 300 mg garlic powder. RESULTS Local thickening of the aortic media (i.e., the neointima formation) in the freeze injury zone was observed in all the rabbits. Regular garlic preparation therapy prevented the neointima formation and the accumulation of free and esterified cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and collagen in the neointima, the effects being statistically significant. Garlic preparation also decreased serum lipid content by 1.5-fold and lowered atherogenic activity of blood serum (ability to induce lipid accumulation in cultured cells) induced by cholesterol-rich diet. CONCLUSION The results obtained indicate that garlic preparation prevents the development of cholesterol-induced experimental atherosclerosis and possesses the direct anti-atherogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Sobenin
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, 121552 Moscow, Russia; Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Andrianova
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Y Lakunin
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Vasilii P Karagodin
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow Region, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow Region, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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21362
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Sagnelli C, Merli M, Uberti-Foppa C, Hasson H, Grandone A, Cirillo G, Salpietro S, Minichini C, Starace M, Messina E, Morelli P, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Lazzarin A, Coppola N, Sagnelli E. TM6SF2 E167K variant predicts severe liver fibrosis for human immunodeficiency/hepatitis C virus co-infected patients, and severe steatosis only for a non-3 hepatitis C virus genotype. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8509-8518. [PMID: 27784963 PMCID: PMC5064032 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i38.8509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the impact of the Glu167Lys (E167K) transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) variant on the biochemical and morphologic expression of liver lesions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected patients.
METHODS The study comprised 167 consecutive patients with HIV/HCV coinfection and biopsy-proven chronic hepatitis. A pathologist graded liver fibrosis and necroinflammation using the Ishak scoring system, and steatosis using Kleiner’s scoring system. Patients were genotyped for TM6SF2 E167K (rs58542926) by real-time Polymerase chain reaction. The 167 patients, 35 therapy-naive and 132 receiving ART, were prevalently males (73.6%), the median age was 40.7 years and the immunological condition good (median CD4+ cells/mm3 = 505.5).
RESULTS The 17 patients with the TM6SF2 E167K variant, compared with the 150 with TM6SF2-E/E, showed higher AST (P = 0.02) and alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.02) and higher fibrosis score (3.1 ± 2.0 vs 2.3 ± 1.5, P = 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, TM6SF2 E167K was independently associated with severe fibrosis. The same analysis showed that HCV-genotype 3, present in 42.2% of patients was an independent predictor of severe steatosis. The association of TM6SF2 E167K with severe steatosis, absent for the whole group of 167 patients, was re-evaluated separately for HCV-genotype 3 and non-3 patients: No factor was independently associated with severe steatosis in the HCV-genotype-3 subgroup, whereas an independent association was observed between severe steatosis and TM6SF2 E167K in non-3 HCV genotypes. No association between the TM6SF2 E167K variant and severe liver necroinflammation was observed.
CONCLUSION In HIV/HCV coinfection the TM6SF2 E167K variant is an independent predictor of severe fibrosis, but appears to be independently associated with severe steatosis only for patients with a non-3 HCV genotype.
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21363
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Monitoring of West Nile virus, Usutu virus and Meaban virus in waterfowl used as decoys and wild raptors in southern Spain. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 49:58-64. [PMID: 27865265 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the number of emerging flaviviruses described worldwide has increased considerably, with wild birds acting as the main reservoir hosts of these viruses. We carried out an epidemiological survey to determine the seroprevalence of antigenically related flaviviruses, particularly West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV) and Meaban virus (MBV), in waterfowl used as decoys and wild raptors in Andalusia (southern Spain), the region considered to have the highest risk of flaviviruses circulation in Spain. The overall flaviviruses seroprevalence according to bELISA was 13.0% in both in decoys (n=1052) and wild raptors (n=123). Specific antibodies against WNV, USUV and MBV were confirmed by micro virus neutralization tests in 12, 38 and 4 of the seropositive decoys, respectively. This is the first study on WNV and USUV infections in decoys and the first report of MBV infections in waterfowl and raptors. Moreover we report the first description of WNV infections in short-toed snake eagle (Circaetus gallicus) and Montagu's harrier (Circus pygargus). The seropositivity obtained indicates widespread but not homogeneous distribution of WNV and USUV in Andalusia. The results also confirm endemic circulation of WNV, USUV and MBV in both decoys and wild raptors in southern Spain. Our results highlight the need to implement surveillance and control programs not only for WNV but also for other related flaviviruses. Further research is needed to determine the eco-epidemiological role that waterfowl and wild raptors play in the transmission of emerging flaviviruses, especially in decoys, given their close interactions with humans.
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21364
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Fulminant Hepatic Failure in a Patient with Crohn's Disease on Infliximab Possibly Related to Reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Infection. Case Reports Hepatol 2016; 2016:2132056. [PMID: 27818806 PMCID: PMC5080523 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2132056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HSV hepatitis is a rare but often fatal cause of liver failure which tends to affect immunocompromised individuals. Early treatment with Acyclovir has been shown to reduce mortality in HSV hepatitis making recognition of the condition critically important. Here, we present a case of HSV hepatitis in a young woman with Crohn's disease on Prednisone, Azathioprine, and Infliximab. We discuss the clinical presentation of HSV hepatitis as well as the possible causes of hepatitis in a patient on these medications. This case helps demonstrate the importance of early clinical suspicion for HSV in undifferentiated fulminate liver failure. It is also the first reported case of HSV hepatitis in a patient on Infliximab, raising the possibility of HSV reactivation in patients on Infliximab.
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21365
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Coffey JC, O'Leary DP. The mesentery: structure, function, and role in disease. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 1:238-247. [PMID: 28404096 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(16)30026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Systematic study of the mesentery is now possible because of clarification of its structure. Although this area of science is in an early phase, important advances have already been made and opportunities uncovered. For example, distinctive anatomical and functional features have been revealed that justify designation of the mesentery as an organ. Accordingly, the mesentery should be subjected to the same investigatory focus that is applied to other organs and systems. In this Review, we summarise the findings of scientific investigations of the mesentery so far and explore its role in human disease. We aim to provide a platform from which to direct future scientific investigation of the human mesentery in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Calvin Coffey
- Graduate Entry Medical School, 4i Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University Hospital Limerick, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - D Peter O'Leary
- Graduate Entry Medical School, 4i Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University Hospital Limerick, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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21366
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Ethnic and sex-specific cut-off values for adult obesity in the Suriname Health Study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 12:336-345. [PMID: 27720693 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex-specific body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) cut-off values have been validated for a limited number of ethnic groups. We aimed to derive these cut-off values for Amerindians, Creoles, Hindustani, Javanese, Maroons and Mixed living in Suriname. METHODS Data from individuals aged 20-65, in the Suriname Health Study was used to derive optimal cut-off values for BMI and WC for the prediction of hypertension (n=4910) and cardio-metabolic risk (n=2924). Results from the analysis with Receiver Operating Curves were calculated and compared these with recommended values. RESULTS The area under the ROC curve was consistently higher for WC compared to BMI among Creoles, Hindustani, Maroons and Mixed. The BMI cut-off values ranged from 24.8kg/m2 for Creole men and 26.9kg/m2 for Maroon women to 28.4kg/m2 and 30.2kg/m2 for Amerindian men and women, respectively. The WC cut-off values ranged from 80.7cm for Maroon men, 86.7cm for Javanese women to 90.8cm for Hindustani men and 95.7cm for Amerindian women. Optimal BMI cut-off values approximated Asian cut-off values from the World Health Organization whilst those of WC for men approximated and for women exceeded cut-off values from the International Diabetes Federation. CONCLUSION In most ethnic groups, we found better discriminatory power for WC compared to BMI in the relation with cardiovascular risk factors. The estimated BMI and WC cut-off values differed between ethnic groups. Further studies are needed to identify cut-off values related to the future risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality.
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Gregersen R, Mortensen LQ, Burcharth J, Pommergaard HC, Rosenberg J. Treatment of patients with acute colonic diverticulitis complicated by abscess formation: A systematic review. Int J Surg 2016; 35:201-208. [PMID: 27741423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to systematically review the literature and present the evidence on outcomes after treatment for acute diverticulitis with abscess formation. Secondly, the paper aimed to compare different treatment options. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched. Two authors screened the records independently, initially on title and abstract and subsequently on full-text basis. Articles describing patients treated acutely for Hinchey Ib and II were included. Results were presented by treatment, classified as non-operative (percutaneous abscess drainage (PAD), antibiotics, or unspecified non-operative strategy), PAD, antibiotics, or acute surgery. The outcomes of interest were treatment failure, short-term mortality, and recurrence. RESULTS Of 1723 articles, 42 studies were included, describing 8766 patients with Hinchey Ib-II diverticulitis. Observational studies were the only available evidence. Treatment generally failed for 20% of patients, regardless of non-operative treatment choice. Abscesses with diameters less than 3 cm were sufficiently treated with antibiotics alone, possibly as outpatient treatment. Of patients treated non-operatively, 25% experienced a recurrent episode during long-term follow-up. When comparing PAD to antibiotic treatment, it appeared that PAD lead to recurrence less often (15.9% vs. 22.2%). Patients undergoing acute surgery had increased risk of death (12.1% vs. 1.1%) compared to patients treated non-operatively. Of patients undergoing PAD, 2.5% experienced procedure-related complications and 15.5% needed adjustment or replacement of the drain. CONCLUSIONS Observational studies with unmatched patients were the best available evidence which limited comparability and resulted in risk of selection bias and confounding by indication. Diverticular abscesses with diameters less than 3 cm might be sufficiently treated with antibiotics, while the best treatment for larger abscesses remains uncertain. Acute surgery should be reserved for critically ill patients failing non-operative treatment. Further research is needed to determine the best treatment for different sizes and types of diverticular abscesses, preferably randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Gregersen
- Center for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Laura Quitzau Mortensen
- Center for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Burcharth
- Center for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob Rosenberg
- Center for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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21368
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Rahyussalim AJ, Saleh I, Armin MF, Kurniawati T, Safri AY. Pedicle screw position changing policy for nerve injury problems during screw insertion on thoracolumbar compression fractures. Int J Surg Case Rep 2016; 28:155-160. [PMID: 27716571 PMCID: PMC5054264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) had important role related to the complications in spinal surgery. Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SSEP), Transcranial electric Muscle Evoked Potentials (tceMEPs), and free run EMG are parameters used to asses functional integrity of the nervous system during surgical procedures. Once warning signal was recognized, surgeon have to make a precise decision to overcome that problem. Presentation of case We present a 47-year old male with back pain due to compression fracture of thoracic vertebra T12 and lumbar vertebrae L1. While stabilizing through the posterior approach on the T11 and 12 as well as L2 and L3, the SSEP monitor showed 50% reduction in the waveform as the pedicle screw was inserted at the left side of T12. The instrumentation was changed into vertebra thoracal T10, T11, and vertebrae lumbar L2, L3. The SSEP normalized and post operatively pain decreased. After surgery there was no neurological deficit. Discussion Acute trauma as a result of spine instrumentation may provoke significant edema, with mass effect causing neurophysiological dysfunction. Administration of intravenous steroid would do at this stage, followed by constant infusion for following 24–48 h, may help ameliorating the mass effect and improving the neurologic outcome. Alternatively, immediate pedicle screw changing policy showed absolute recovery of nerve injury. Conclusion Insertion of pedicle screw in spinal surgery has a risk of complication that could be treated by pedicle screw changing policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jabir Rahyussalim
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, 10320, Indonesia.
| | - Ifran Saleh
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, 10320, Indonesia
| | - M Fajrin Armin
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, 10320, Indonesia
| | - Tri Kurniawati
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Cluster, MERC Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, 10320, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Yanuar Safri
- Neurophysiology Division of Neurology Departement, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, 10320, Indonesia
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Yin HP, Wang YP, Qiu ZY, Du ZC, Wu YM, Li SW. Comparison of safety and efficiency of microendoscopic discectomy with automatic nerve retractor and with nerve hook. Regen Biomater 2016; 3:319-322. [PMID: 27699062 PMCID: PMC5043153 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compares the safety and efficiency of two techniques in microendoscopic discectomy (MED) for lumbar disc herniation. The two techniques are MED with automatic nerve retractor and MED with nerve hook which had been widely used for many years. The former involves a newly developed MED device which contains three parts to protect nerve roots during operation. Four hundred and twenty-eight patients underwent MED treatments between October 2010 and September 2015 were recruited and randomized to either intraoperative utilization of automatic nerve retractor (n = 315, group A) or application of nerve hook during surgery (n = 113, group B). Operation time and intraoperative bleeding volume were evaluated. Simultaneously, Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) and muscle strength grading were performed preoperatively, and 1, 2, 3 days, 1, 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. No dramatic difference of pain intensity was observed between the two groups before surgery and 6 months after surgery (P > 0.05). The operation time was shorter in group A (30.30 ± 1.89 min) than that in group B (59.41 ± 3.25 min). Group A (67.83 ± 13.14 ml) experienced a significant decrease in the amount of blood loss volume when compared with group B (100.04 ± 15.10 ml). There were remarkable differences of VAS score and muscle strength grading after postoperative 1, 2, 3 days, 1, 2 weeks and 3 months between both groups (P ≤ 0.05). MED with automatic nerve retractor effectively shortened operation time, decreased the amount of bleeding, down-regulated the incidence of nerve traction injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Ping Yin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, China
| | - Yu-Peng Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, China
| | - Zhi-Ye Qiu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, China
| | - Zhi-Cai Du
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, China
| | - Yi-Min Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, China
| | - Shu-Wen Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, China
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Ranjan P, Natarajan V, Bajpai M, Gupta E. High Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus Infection in Blood Donors From Delhi: A Single Centre Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:DC08-DC10. [PMID: 27891337 PMCID: PMC5121675 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/21262.8711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The risk of transfusion transmitted dengue has been increasingly recognized. Blood donors in an endemic area like Delhi may serve as a potential vehicle for transmission of the infection. Moreover, prevalence of infection in them would be representative of the true picture of dengue in a population. AIM To determine the prevalence of dengue virus infection in blood donors in a tertiary care centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 200 blood donors were recruited in the study after obtaining informed consent in the Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi in July and August 2012. Data regarding clinical and demographic characteristics was collected using a preformed questionnaire. Blood samples obtained were subjected to anti-dengue IgM and IgG ELISA as well as semi-nested Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) for dengue RNA. RESULTS Of the study subjects, most were men (97%) with a median age of 28 years (range 19-51 years). Anti-dengue IgG was positive in 116 cases (58%) while IgM was seen in 27cases (13.5%). Of them, in 25 (12.5%) cases both IgG and IgM were positive, while only two (1%) cases tested positive for IgM alone. None of the blood donors were found to be viremic on screening using Nested RT-PCR. A clear increase of IgG seroprevalence with age was evident. No difference in the seroprevalence rates in urban vs. rural areas was seen. CONCLUSION High seroprevalence of dengue infection was seen in healthy asymptomatic blood donors. Though evidence of acute infection was found in some, none were found to be viremic. Larger studies are required to quantify the risk and provide strong evidence for policies to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Ranjan
- Senior Resident, Department of Clinical Virology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vidhya Natarajan
- Research Student, Department of Clinical Virology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenu Bajpai
- Additional Professor, Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Additional Professor, Department of Clinical Virology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
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21371
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Bupathi M, Wu C. Biomarkers for immune therapy in colorectal cancer: mismatch-repair deficiency and others. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7:713-720. [PMID: 27747085 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2016.07.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease for which the treatment backbone has primarily been cytotoxic chemotherapy. With better understanding of the involved molecular mechanisms, it is now known that there are a number of epigenetic and genetic events, which are involved in CRC pathogenesis. Specific biomarkers have been identified which can be used to determine the clinical outcome of patients beyond tumor staging and predict for treatment efficacy. Molecular testing is now routinely performed to select for patients that will benefit the most from targeted agents and immunotherapy. In addition to KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutation (MT), analysis of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and checkpoint protein expression may be helpful to determine whether patients are eligible for certain therapies. The focus of this article is to discuss present and upcoming biomarkers for immunotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojkumar Bupathi
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Richard Solove Research Institute and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina Wu
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Richard Solove Research Institute and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Kaviani M, Azarpira N. Insight into microenvironment remodeling in pancreatic endocrine tissue engineering: Biological and biomaterial approaches. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:475-484. [PMID: 30603429 PMCID: PMC6170842 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-0014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of diabetes mellitus, as a chronic and complicated disease, is a valuable purpose. Islet transplantation can provide metabolic stability and insulin independence in type 1 diabetes patients. Diet and insulin therapy are only diabetes controllers and cannot remove all of the diabetes complications. Moreover, islet transplantation is more promising treatment than whole pancreas transplantation because of lesser invasive surgical procedure and morbidity and mortality. According to the importance of extracellular matrix for islet viability and function, microenvironment remodeling of pancreatic endocrine tissue can lead to more success in diabetes treatment by pancreatic islets. Production of bioengineered pancreas and remodeling of pancreas extracellular matrix provide essential microenvironment for re-vascularization, re-innervation and signaling cascades triggering. Therefore, islets show better viability and function in these conditions. Researchers conduct various scaffolds with different biomaterials for the improvement of islet viability, function and transplantation outcome. The attention to normal pancreas anatomy, embryology and histology is critical to understand the pancreatic Langerhans islets niche and finally to achieve efficient engineered structure. Therefore, in the present study, the status and components of the islets niche is mentioned and fundamental issues related to the tissue engineering of this structure is considered. The purpose of this review article is summarization of recent progress in the endocrine pancreas tissue engineering and biomaterials and biological aspects of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kaviani
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Mohamad Rasulallah Research Tower, Khalili street, Shiraz, 7193635899 Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Mohamad Rasulallah Research Tower, Khalili street, Shiraz, 7193635899 Iran
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21373
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Singh P, Dass JFP. A multifaceted computational report on the variants effect on KIR2DL3 and IFNL3 candidate gene in HCV clearance. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:1101-17. [PMID: 27461217 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
HCV infection causes acute and chronic liver diseases including, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Following HCV infection, spontaneous clearance occurs in approximately 20 % of the population dependant upon HCV genotype. In this study, functional and non-functional variant analysis was executed for the classical and the latest HCV clearance candidate genes namely, KIR2DL3 and IFNL3. Initially, the functional effects of non-synonymous SNPs were assigned on exposing to homology based tools, SIFT, PolyPhen-2 and PROVEAN. Further, UTR and splice sites variants were scanned for the gene expression and regulation changes. Subsequently, the haplotype and CNV were also identified. The mutation H77Y of KIR2DL3 and R157Q, H156Y, S63L, R157W, F179V, H128R, T101M, R180C, and F176I of IFNL3 results in conservation, RMSD, total energy, stability, and secondary structures revealed a negative impact on the structural fitness. UTRscan and the splice site result indicate functional change, which may affect gene regulation and expression. The graphical display of selected population shows alleles like rs270779, rs2296370, rs10423751, rs12982559, rs9797797, and rs35987710 of KIR2DL3 and rs12972991, rs12980275, rs4803217, rs8109886, and rs8099917 of IFNL3 are in high LD with a measure of [Formula: see text] broadcasting its protective effect in HCV clearance. Similarly, CNV report suggests major DNA fragment loss that could have a profound impact on the gene expression affecting the overall phenotype. This roundup report specifies the effect of NK cell receptor, KIR2DL3 and IFNL3 variants that can have a better prospect in GWAS and immunogenetic studies leading to better understanding of HCV clearance and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratichi Singh
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - J Febin Prabhu Dass
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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21374
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Levy M, Abi-Warde MT, Rameau AC, Fafi-Kremer S, Hansmann Y, Fischbach M, Higel L. Méningo-encéphalite à tiques chez l’enfant en France : à propos d’un cas. Arch Pediatr 2016; 23:1055-1058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Kelly CM, Janjigian YY. The genomics and therapeutics of HER2-positive gastric cancer-from trastuzumab and beyond. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7:750-762. [PMID: 27747089 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2016.06.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a biologically heterogeneous tumor. The identification of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) biomarker overexpression in gastric cancer represented a significant step towards unraveling the molecular complexity of this disease. Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy, in the first-line setting of patients with metastatic, HER2-positive gastric and gastroesophageal, represents the first targeted therapeutic to demonstrate improvement in response rate and survival in gastric cancer. However, not all patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer respond to trastuzumab and the majority of patients who do initially benefit from trastuzumab develop resistance to it. Advances in molecular oncology and cancer genomics have helped to classify gastric cancer into molecularly distinct subtypes. This information informs research efforts investigating the etiology of mechanisms of resistance to HER2-directed therapy and guides clinical investigation in methods to overcome this resistance. This article reviews anti-HER2-therapies that are currently used as standard of care in advanced, HER2-positive, breast cancer and are now under investigation as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy and/or a second HER2-directed agent in advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer. The future directions of clinical investigation in HER2-positive gastric cancer are also discussed including: novel HER2-directed therapies, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-HER2-therapies, the role of functional imaging, the potential of patient derived xenograft preclinical models and the importance of tumor genomic sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara M Kelly
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yelena Y Janjigian
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;; Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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21377
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Yang XF, Liu JL. Anatomy essentials for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:372. [PMID: 27826575 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.09.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is performed more and more nowadays. The anatomy of these procedures is totally different from traditional open procedures because they are performed from different direction and in different space. The important anatomy essentials for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair will be discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fei Yang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Jia-Lin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital & Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
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21378
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Abstract
Central neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are one of the biggest health problems worldwide. Currently, there is no cure for these diseases. The Gardenia jasminoides fruit is a common herbal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and a variety of preparations are used as treatments for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Pharmacokinetic studies suggest genipin is one of the main effective ingredients of G. jasminoides fruit extract (GFE). Accumulated research data show that genipin possesses a range of key pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, neurogenic, antidiabetic, and antidepressant effects. Thus, genipin shows therapeutic potential for central neurodegenerative diseases. We review the pharmacological actions of genipin for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS. We also describe the potential mechanisms underlying these effects.
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21379
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Choi HR, Elattar O, Dills VD, Busconi B. Return to Play After Sports Hernia Surgery. Clin Sports Med 2016; 35:621-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21380
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Talukdar R. Complications of ERCP. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 30:793-805. [PMID: 27931637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Even though considered safe, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is among the endoscopic procedures associated with the highest rate of complications. Post ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common complication of ERCP. Several independent risk factors have been associated with PEP. Prophylactic PD stenting has been shown to be highly effective in preventing PEP. More recent studies have suggested that NSAIDs, especially rectal indomethacin, could by itself be effective in preventing PEP. However, head to head RCTs comparing PD stents with NSAIDs would be required to confirm this. Other complications include ERCP induced bleeding, perforation, and cholangitis. Bleeding is related to morphological, procedural, and patient related factors. Early identification and correction of the risk factors are of paramount importance in preventing bleeding. Risk of infection is particularly high during ERCP. It is important to ensure complete drainage of obstructed biliary system in order to reduce the risk of post-ERCP cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupjyoti Talukdar
- Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, 6-3-661 Somajiguda, Hyderabad, 500082, Telangana, India; Asian Healthcare Foundation, 6-3-661 Somajiguda, Hyderabad, 500082, Telangana, India.
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21381
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Selvaraj UM, Poinsatte K, Torres V, Ortega SB, Stowe AM. Heterogeneity of B Cell Functions in Stroke-Related Risk, Prevention, Injury, and Repair. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:729-747. [PMID: 27492770 PMCID: PMC5081124 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that post-stroke inflammation contributes to neurovascular injury, blood-brain barrier disruption, and poor functional recovery in both animal and clinical studies. However, recent studies also suggest that several leukocyte subsets, activated during the post-stroke immune response, can exhibit both pro-injury and pro-recovery phenotypes. In accordance with these findings, B lymphocytes, or B cells, play a heterogeneous role in the adaptive immune response to stroke. This review highlights what is currently understood about the various roles of B cells, with an emphasis on stroke risk factors, as well as post-stroke injury and repair. This includes an overview of B cell functions, such as antibody production, cytokine secretion, and contribution to the immune response as antigen presenting cells. Next, evidence for B cell-mediated mechanisms in stroke-related risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, is outlined, followed by studies that focus on B cells during endogenous protection from stroke. Subsequently, animal studies that investigate the role of B cells in post-stroke injury and repair are summarized, and the final section describes current B cell-related clinical trials for stroke, as well as other central nervous system diseases. This review reveals the complex role of B cells in stroke, with a focus on areas for potential clinical intervention for a disease that affects millions of people globally each year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Maheswari Selvaraj
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, MC8813, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Katherine Poinsatte
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, MC8813, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Vanessa Torres
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, MC8813, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Sterling B Ortega
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, MC8813, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, MC8813, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Jahfari S, Hofhuis A, Fonville M, van der Giessen J, van Pelt W, Sprong H. Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Humans with Tick Bites and Erythema Migrans, in the Netherlands. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005042. [PMID: 27706159 PMCID: PMC5051699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick-borne diseases are the most prevalent vector-borne diseases in Europe. Knowledge on the incidence and clinical presentation of other tick-borne diseases than Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis is minimal, despite the high human exposure to these pathogens through tick bites. Using molecular detection techniques, the frequency of tick-borne infections after exposure through tick bites was estimated. METHODS Ticks, blood samples and questionnaires on health status were collected from patients that visited their general practitioner with a tick bite or erythema migrans in 2007 and 2008. The presence of several tick-borne pathogens in 314 ticks and 626 blood samples of this cohort were analyzed using PCR-based methods. Using multivariate logistic regression, associations were explored between pathogens detected in blood and self-reported symptoms at enrolment and during a three-month follow-up period. RESULTS Half of the ticks removed from humans tested positive for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Rickettsia helvetica, Rickettsia monacensis, Borrelia miyamotoi and several Babesia species. Among 92 Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. positive ticks, 33% carried another pathogen from a different genus. In blood of sixteen out of 626 persons with tick bites or erythema migrans, DNA was detected from Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis (n = 7), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (n = 5), Babesia divergens (n = 3), Borrelia miyamotoi (n = 1) and Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. (n = 1). None of these sixteen individuals reported any overt symptoms that would indicate a corresponding illness during the three-month follow-up period. No associations were found between the presence of pathogen DNA in blood and; self-reported symptoms, with pathogen DNA in the corresponding ticks (n = 8), reported tick attachment duration, tick engorgement, or antibiotic treatment at enrolment. CONCLUSIONS Based on molecular detection techniques, the probability of infection with a tick-borne pathogen other than Lyme spirochetes after a tick bite is roughly 2.4%, in the Netherlands. Similarly, among patients with erythema migrans, the probability of a co-infection with another tick-borne pathogen is approximately 2.7%. How often these infections cause disease symptoms or to what extend co-infections affect the course of Lyme borreliosis needs further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Jahfari
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Agnetha Hofhuis
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Manoj Fonville
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joke van der Giessen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfrid van Pelt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hein Sprong
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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21383
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21384
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Jin H, Lv X, Li Y. Transarterial Onyx embolization of jugular foramen dural arteriovenous fistula with spinal venous drainage manifesting as myelopathy-a case report and review of the literature. Interv Neuroradiol 2016; 22:579-83. [PMID: 27402798 PMCID: PMC5072219 DOI: 10.1177/1591019916654431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of jugular foramen dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) with spinal venous drainage. A 48-year-old woman suffered from progressive weakness of lower extremities and incontinence of urine and feces for 14 days. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a tortuous posterior medullary vein at C2-T2 and ischemic signal at C2-C4 of the spinal cord. Brain MRI revealed an abnormal high signal near the left jugular foramen. Digital subtraction angiography of the spinal vascular was negative, while brain angiography showed a left jugular foramen DAVF with spinal perimedullary venous drainage. The patient recovered completely soon after endovascular embolization with Onyx-18. Diagnosis of a DAVF presenting with myelopathy is challenging. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Jin
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianli Lv
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Youxiang Li
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21385
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Yang XF, Liu JL. Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia in adults. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:402. [PMID: 27867954 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.10.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia is mini-invasive and has confirmed effects. The procedures include intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) repair, transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair and total extraperitoneal (TEP) repair. These procedures have totally different anatomic point of view, process and technical key points from open operations. The technical details of these operations are discussed in this article, also the strategies of treatment for some special conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fei Yang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Jia-Lin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital & Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
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21386
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Cappelletti S, Ciallella C, Aromatario M, Ashrafian H, Harding S, Athanasiou T. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Sepsis. Angiology 2016; 68:288-303. [PMID: 27303068 DOI: 10.1177/0003319716653886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is characterized by a systolic dysfunction localized in the apical and medial aspect of the left ventricle. It is usually related to physical or emotional stress. Recent evidence highlighting the role of infection led us to analyze the links between TTC and sepsis. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to assess any trends in clinical findings, diagnosis, and outcomes in such patients. We identified 23 selected papers reporting a total of 26 patients, having sepsis, in whom TTC occurred. For each case, we collected data identifying population characteristics, source of sepsis, clinical disease description, and the results of cardiovascular investigations. The majority of patients were females (n = 16), mean age was 62.8 (14.0 standard deviation) years, and clinical outcome was favorable in 92.3% of the cases once the management of sepsis was initiated. A better understanding of the mechanisms of sepsis-associated TTC may generate novel strategies to treat the complications of this cardiomyopathy and may even help predict and prevent its occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cappelletti
- 1 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,2 Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Costantino Ciallella
- 1 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Aromatario
- 1 Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Hutan Ashrafian
- 2 Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,3 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Harding
- 4 Myocardial Function Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thanos Athanasiou
- 2 Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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21387
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Evaluation of Resistance-Associated Substitutions in NS5A Using Direct Sequence and Cycleave Method and Treatment Outcome with Daclatasvir and Asunaprevir for Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 1. PLoS One 2016. [PMID: 27684567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163884pone-d-16-27137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of daclatasvir plus asunaprevir therapy in patients infected with hepatitis C virus and determine its relevance to resistant variants. METHODS A total of 629 consecutive patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 were assessed. Daclatasvir (60 mg/day) plus asunaprevir (200 mg/day) was given for 24 weeks. The virological responses and resistance-associated substitutions of hepatitis C virus mutants were examined by the direct sequence and cycleave methods were evaluated. RESULTS Overall, 89.4% (555/621) of patients exhibited a sustained virological response (SVR). The SVR rates in the patients with wild type, mixed, and mutant type Y93 by direct sequencing were 92.5% (520/562), 70.3% (26/37), and 42.9% (9/21), respectively. The SVR rates in the patients with 100%, 90%, 80%-30%, and 20%-0% Y93 wild by the cycleave method were 93.4% (456/488), 88.2%(30/34), 56.0%(14/25), and 36.8%(7/19), respectively. In contrast, the SVR rates for the wild type and mixed/mutant type L31 by direct sequencing were 90.2% (534/592) and 72.4% (21/29), respectively. In the multivariate analyses, the wild type Y93, no history of simeprevir therapy, the wild type L31, and low HCV RNA level were independent factors of SVR. CONCLUSION NS5A resistance-associated substitutions, especially Y93H, were major factors predicting the SVR. Although direct sequencing can predict the SVR rate, the cycleave method is considered to be more useful for predicting the SVR when used in combination.
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21388
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Ide T, Eguchi Y, Harada M, Ishii K, Morita M, Morita Y, Sugiyama G, Fukushima H, Yano Y, Noguchi K, Nakamura H, Hisatomi J, Kumemura H, Shirachi M, Iwane S, Okada M, Honma Y, Arinaga-Hino T, Miyajima I, Ogata K, Kuwahara R, Amano K, Kawaguchi T, Kuromatsu R, Torimura T. Evaluation of Resistance-Associated Substitutions in NS5A Using Direct Sequence and Cycleave Method and Treatment Outcome with Daclatasvir and Asunaprevir for Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163884. [PMID: 27684567 PMCID: PMC5042440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of daclatasvir plus asunaprevir therapy in patients infected with hepatitis C virus and determine its relevance to resistant variants. METHODS A total of 629 consecutive patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 were assessed. Daclatasvir (60 mg/day) plus asunaprevir (200 mg/day) was given for 24 weeks. The virological responses and resistance-associated substitutions of hepatitis C virus mutants were examined by the direct sequence and cycleave methods were evaluated. RESULTS Overall, 89.4% (555/621) of patients exhibited a sustained virological response (SVR). The SVR rates in the patients with wild type, mixed, and mutant type Y93 by direct sequencing were 92.5% (520/562), 70.3% (26/37), and 42.9% (9/21), respectively. The SVR rates in the patients with 100%, 90%, 80%-30%, and 20%-0% Y93 wild by the cycleave method were 93.4% (456/488), 88.2%(30/34), 56.0%(14/25), and 36.8%(7/19), respectively. In contrast, the SVR rates for the wild type and mixed/mutant type L31 by direct sequencing were 90.2% (534/592) and 72.4% (21/29), respectively. In the multivariate analyses, the wild type Y93, no history of simeprevir therapy, the wild type L31, and low HCV RNA level were independent factors of SVR. CONCLUSION NS5A resistance-associated substitutions, especially Y93H, were major factors predicting the SVR. Although direct sequencing can predict the SVR rate, the cycleave method is considered to be more useful for predicting the SVR when used in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ide
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuichiro Eguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Masaru Harada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Gen Sugiyama
- Kurume University Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shinji Iwane
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Michiaki Okada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuichi Honma
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Teruko Arinaga-Hino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Miyajima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Ogata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Reiichiro Kuwahara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Amano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kuromatsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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21389
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Buonerba C, Di Lorenzo G, Sonpavde G. Contemporary molecular tests for prognosis and treatment guidance for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:1113-1120. [PMID: 27665838 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1240031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, clinical factors related to the malignancy and patient-related factors such as performance status and comorbidities are employed to select agents to treat metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Areas covered: This paper covers emerging molecular panels that may be used in the clinic as prognostic or predictive biomarkers to treat mCRPC. Expert commentary: The expression of androgen receptor variant (AR-V)-7 in circulating tumor cells appears especially promising to select patients for taxane chemotherapy versus androgen inhibitors, abiraterone and enzalutamide. Additionally, the presence of DNA repair alterations such as BRCA alterations are rapidly emerging as a predictive biomarker to develop precision medicine using PARP inhibitors for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Buonerba
- a University Federico II , Department of Medical Oncology , Naples , Italy.,b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , Department of Medical Oncology , Portici , Italy
| | | | - Guru Sonpavde
- c Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) , Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology , Birmingham , AL , USA
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21390
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Li PH, Cheng VCC, Yip T, Yap DYH, Lui SL, Lo WK. Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Acinetobacter Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis in Hong Kong-With a Perspective on Multi-Drug and Carbapenem Resistance. Perit Dial Int 2016; 37:177-182. [PMID: 27680764 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2016.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
♦ BACKGROUND: Acinetobacter spp. is an important cause of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis, but studies on Acinetobacter peritonitis have been scarce. In view of the rising concern of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter (CRA) and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter (MDRA) infections, we conducted this study on the incidence of Acinetobacter peritonitis and the impact of CRA and MDRA on its outcome. ♦ METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical characteristics, prevalence, antibiotic sensitivity patterns, outcomes, and factors associated with treatment failure over the past 16 years in our patients with Acinetobacter PD-related peritonitis. ♦ RESULTS: Out of 2,389 episodes of peritonitis, there were 66 episodes (3%) of Acinetobacter peritonitis occurring in 59 patients. Twelve episodes were caused by MDRA (18%), of which 5 were CRA (8%). There was a progressive increase in the incidence of MDRA and CRA infections over the study period. Most isolates were sensitive to sulbactam combinations (ampicillin-sulbactam [95.4%] and cefoperazone-sulbactam [93.9%]), aminoglycosides (amikacin [92.4%], tobramycin [90.9%], and gentamicin [89.4%]), and carbapenems (imipenem [92.2%]). There was 1 case of relapse. Fifteen episodes resulted in catheter removal (23%), and 7 patients died (11%). Hypoalbuminemia (odds ratio [OR] = 0.85, p = 0.006) and carbapenem resistance (OR = 18.2, p = 0.049) were significantly associated with higher rates of treatment failure. ♦ CONCLUSION: Both carbapenem resistance and hypoalbuminemia were significantly associated with treatment failure. Up to 80% of peritonitis episodes by CRA resulted in catheter loss or mortality. Sulbactam combinations and/or aminoglycosides remained effective for the majority of Acinetobacter isolates. There seemed to be an increasing relative incidence of MDRA and CRA infections over the past 16 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hei Li
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent C C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Terence Yip
- Department of Medicine, Tung Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Desmond Y H Yap
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Wai-Kei Lo
- Department of Medicine, Tung Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
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21391
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Albuquerque A. Rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids: A guide for complications. World J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 8:614-620. [PMID: 27721924 PMCID: PMC5037334 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v8.i9.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rubber band ligation is one of the most important, cost-effective and commonly used treatments for internal hemorrhoids. Different technical approaches were developed mainly to improve efficacy and safety. The technique can be employed using an endoscope with forward-view or retroflexion or without an endoscope, using a suction elastic band ligator or a forceps ligator. Single or multiple ligations can be performed in a single session. Local anaesthetic after ligation can also be used to reduce the post-procedure pain. Mild bleeding, pain, vaso-vagal symptoms, slippage of bands, priapism, difficulty in urination, anal fissure, and chronic longitudinal ulcers are normally considered minor complications, more frequently encountered. Massive bleeding, thrombosed hemorrhoids, severe pain, urinary retention needing catheterization, pelvic sepsis and death are uncommon major complications. Mild pain after rubber band ligation is the most common complication with a high frequency in some studies. Secondary bleeding normally occurs 10 to 14 d after banding and patients taking anti-platelet and/or anti-coagulant medication have a higher risk, with some reports of massive life-threatening haemorrhage. Several infectious complications have also been reported including pelvic sepsis, Fournier’s gangrene, liver abscesses, tetanus and bacterial endocarditis. To date, seven deaths due to these infectious complications were described. Early recognition and immediate treatment of complications are fundamental for a favourable prognosis.
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21392
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Garcia-Dominguez JM, Muñoz D, Comellas M, Gonzalbo I, Lizán L, Polanco Sánchez C. Patient preferences for treatment of multiple sclerosis with disease-modifying therapies: a discrete choice experiment. Patient Prefer Adherence 2016; 10:1945-1956. [PMID: 27713622 PMCID: PMC5045232 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s114619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess disease-modifying therapy (DMT) preferences in a population of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to estimate the association between sociodemographic and clinical factors and these preferences. METHODS Preferences for DMTs attributes were measured using a discrete choice experiment. Analysis of preferences was assessed using mixed-logit hierarchical Bayes regression. A multilinear regression was used to evaluate the association between the preferences for each attribute and patients' demographic and clinical characteristics. A Student's t-test or Welch's t-test was used for subgroup comparisons. RESULTS A total of 125 patients were included in the final analysis (62.9% female, mean age 44.5 years, 71.5% with relapsing-remitting MS diagnosis). The most important factor for patients was the possibility of suffering from the side effects of the treatment (relative importance [RI] =50%), followed by a delay in disease progression (RI =19.4%), and route and frequency of administration (RI =14.3%). According to maximum acceptable risk, patients were willing to accept an increase of 3.8% in severity of side effects, for a delay of 1 year in disease progression. Treatment duration was the most prevalent factor affecting preferences, followed by the age of patients, type of MS, level of education, and the type of current treatment. Patients treated orally were significantly more concerned about the route and frequency of administration (P=0.026) than patients on injectable therapy. Naïve patients stated significantly less importance to prevention of relapses (P=0.021) and deterioration of the capacity for performing usual daily life activities (P=0.015). Finally, patients with >5 years since diagnosis were significantly less concerned about preventing disease progression (P=0.021), and more concerned about treatment side effects (P=0.052) than compared with patients with <5 years of MS history. CONCLUSION The most important attribute for MS patients was side effects of DMTs, followed by delay in disability progression. Experience with DMTs and time since MS diagnosis changed patients' preferences. These results give information to adjust new DMT treatment in order to satisfy patients' preferences and therefore, improve adherence to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delicias Muñoz
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo
| | | | | | - Luis Lizán
- Outcomes’10, Jaime I University, Castellón
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21393
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Kaplan JR, Lee Z, Eun DD, Reese AC. Complications of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Their Management. Curr Urol Rep 2016; 17:47. [PMID: 27075019 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-016-0602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive surgery, including both traditional laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic approaches, has increasingly become the standard of care for urologic abdominal and pelvic surgery. This is a comprehensive review of the contemporary literature regarding complications of laparoscopic and robotic urologic surgery. The review highlights pertinent studies with the goal of providing the minimally invasive urologic surgeon with an up-to-date overview of general and procedure-specific complications and their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Kaplan
- Temple University School of Medicine, 3509 North Broad Street, 6th Floor, Boyer Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ziho Lee
- Temple University School of Medicine, 3509 North Broad Street, 6th Floor, Boyer Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Daniel D Eun
- Temple University School of Medicine, 3509 North Broad Street, 6th Floor, Boyer Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Adam C Reese
- Temple University School of Medicine, 3509 North Broad Street, 6th Floor, Boyer Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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21394
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Pérez L, Muñoz-Durango N, Riedel CA, Echeverría C, Kalergis AM, Cabello-Verrugio C, Simon F. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition: Cytokine-mediated pathways that determine endothelial fibrosis under inflammatory conditions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 33:41-54. [PMID: 27692608 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) process has attracted considerable attention due to associations with the onset of certain diseases, such as organ fibrosis and cancer. Several studies have assessed the mechanisms and signaling pathways that regulate endothelial fibrosis in the context of human pathologies. A number of inflammatory mediators, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, oxidative stress, and toxins, induce the conversion of endothelial cells into mesenchymal fibroblast-like cells that promote disease progression. This review is separated into five chapters that critically present current knowledge on EndMT in the context of pathology. First, the main characteristics of EndMT are summarized, with a focus on the endothelial protein pattern changes that modulate the expressions of endothelial/fibrotic markers and extracellular matrix proteins. These expressions could serve as mechanisms for explaining potential EndMT contributions to human pathologies in adults. Second, the main findings supporting a connection between EndMT-mediated endothelial fibrosis and inflammatory conditions are presented. These connections could be linked to the onset and progression of pathological conditions. Third, EndMT inducers are described in detail. This includes considerations on the actions of the first and most well-known EndMT inducer, TGF-β; of the most prominent pro-inflammatory cytokines released during inflammation, such as IL 1-β and TNF-α; and of the NF-κB transcription factor, a common player during inflammation-induced EndMT. Furthermore, thorough attention is given to EndMT induction by endotoxins in the context of bacterial infectious diseases. Additionally, the participation of the inflammatory oxidative stress environment in the EndMT induction was also reviewed. Fourth, the pathophysiological findings of inflammation-induced EndMT are presented, and, fifth, special focus is placed on associations with cancer onset and development. Altogether, this review highlights the important role of EndMT-mediated endothelial fibrosis during inflammation in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Ave. Republica 239, 8370134, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Ave. Alameda 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Muñoz-Durango
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Ave. Alameda 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Ave. Republica 239, 8370134, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Ave. Alameda 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Echeverría
- Laboratorio de Bionanotecnologia, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, General Gana 1780, 8370854, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Ave. Alameda 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Ave. Alameda 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Ave. Alameda 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Ave. Republica 239, 8370134, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Ave. Alameda 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Ave. Republica 239, 8370134, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Ave. Alameda 340, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
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21395
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Fernández A, Politei J. Cardiac Manifestation of Fabry Disease. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409816661352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Fernández
- Favaloro Foundation University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Politei
- Division of Neurometabolism, Department of Neurology, Foundation for Study of Neurometabolic Diseases (FESEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21396
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Ekhtiari S, Haldane CE, de Sa D, Simunovic N, Musahl V, Ayeni OR. Return to Work and Sport Following High Tibial Osteotomy: A Systematic Review. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2016; 98:1568-77. [PMID: 27655985 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.16.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine (1) timelines for return to sport and work following high tibial osteotomy (HTO), and (2) whether patients return to sport and work at levels similar to preoperative levels. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across 3 databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed). Two reviewers independently screened the results for relevant articles. Data regarding patient demographics, indications, surgical technique, return to work and sport, and complication and failure rates were abstracted from eligible studies. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included, involving 1,189 patients (64% male, 21% female, 15% unspecified) and 1,224 knees. Mean age was 46.2 years (range, 16 to 80 years). Opening-wedge HTO was most commonly used, followed by closing-wedge HTO and hemicallotasis. Mean follow-up was 65.4 months (range, 8 to 253 months). Overall, 87.2% of patients returned to sport postoperatively, and 78.6% returned at an equal or greater level. Among competitive athletes, 54% returned to competition. Overall, 84.5% of patients returned to work postoperatively, and 65.5% returned at an equal or greater level. Approximately 90% of patients who returned to work or sport did so within 1 year. The complication rate was 5.8%, with infection being the most common complication; 7.0% of patients progressed to a total knee arthroplasty at a mean of 6.7 years (range, 0.8 to 15 years) following HTO. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients undergoing HTO return to sport and work, and most return within 1 year of the operation. Most patients return to sport at a level equal to or greater than the preoperative level. Approximately two-thirds of patients return to an equal or greater level of physical work. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seper Ekhtiari
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (D.d.S. and O.R.A.), and Centre for Evidence Based Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (N.S.), Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine (S.E. and C.E.H.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chloe E Haldane
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (D.d.S. and O.R.A.), and Centre for Evidence Based Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (N.S.), Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine (S.E. and C.E.H.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren de Sa
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (D.d.S. and O.R.A.), and Centre for Evidence Based Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (N.S.), Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine (S.E. and C.E.H.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Simunovic
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (D.d.S. and O.R.A.), and Centre for Evidence Based Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (N.S.), Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine (S.E. and C.E.H.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Volker Musahl
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Olufemi R Ayeni
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery (D.d.S. and O.R.A.), and Centre for Evidence Based Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (N.S.), Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine (S.E. and C.E.H.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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21397
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Lian SX, Shao YB, Liu HB, He JY, Lu WQ, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Zhu J. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 promotes tumorigenesis and predicts prognosis in gallbladder cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33065-76. [PMID: 26460616 PMCID: PMC4741749 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder Cancer (GBC), characterized by invasive growth and infiltrative dissemination, is difficult to diagnose and has poor prognosis. Emerging evidence demonstrates that Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) has important roles in carcinogenesis, proliferation and metastasis. We studied the roles and molecular mechanisms of LSD1 in GBC. We examined LSD1 expression in 109 paired samples of GBC and normal gallbladder tissues. We found GBC tissues had upregulated LSD1 compared with normal gallbladder tissues (P = 0.003), and its high expression was associated with tumor-node-metastasis stage (P < 0.0001), Nevin's stage (P = 0.0093) and distant metastases (P = 0.0070). We found positive correlations between LSD1 expression and other proteins: epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, C-myc and cyclin-related proteins. Inhibiting LSD1 expression in vitro impaired the proliferation and invasiveness of GBC cells and also downregulated c-myc expression and consequently inhibited GBC cell proliferation. LSD1 overexpression promotes GBC development and may be a predictor for a worsened prognosis. LSD1 may be a novel therapeutic target and prognostic tool for gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xian Lian
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye Bo Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hou Bao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Yi He
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Qi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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21398
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Chahla J, Piuzzi NS, Mitchell JJ, Dean CS, Pascual-Garrido C, LaPrade RF, Muschler GF. Intra-Articular Cellular Therapy for Osteoarthritis and Focal Cartilage Defects of the Knee: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Study Quality Analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2016; 98:1511-21. [PMID: 27655978 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.15.01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-articular cellular therapy injections constitute an appealing strategy that may modify the intra-articular milieu or regenerate cartilage in the settings of osteoarthritis and focal cartilage defects. However, little consensus exists regarding the indications for cellular therapies, optimal cell sources, methods of preparation and delivery, or means by which outcomes should be reported. METHODS We present a systematic review of the current literature regarding the safety and efficacy of cellular therapy delivered by intra-articular injection in the knee that provided a Level of Evidence of III or higher. A total of 420 papers were screened. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified Coleman methodology score. RESULTS Only 6 studies (4 Level II and 2 Level III) met the criteria to be included in this review; 3 studies were on treatment of osteoarthritis and 3 were on treatment of focal cartilage defects. These included 4 randomized controlled studies without blinding, 1 prospective cohort study, and 1 retrospective therapeutic case-control study. The studies varied widely with respect to cell sources, cell characterization, adjuvant therapies, and assessment of outcomes. Outcome was reported in a total of 300 knees (124 in the osteoarthritis studies and 176 in the cartilage defect studies). Mean follow-up was 21.0 months (range, 12 to 36 months). All studies reported improved outcomes with intra-articular cellular therapy and no major adverse events. The mean modified Coleman methodology score was 59.1 ± 16 (range, 32 to 82). CONCLUSIONS The studies of intra-articular cellular therapy injections for osteoarthritis and focal cartilage defects in the human knee suggested positive results with respect to clinical improvement and safety. However, the improvement was modest and a placebo effect cannot be disregarded. The overall quality of the literature was poor, and the methodological quality was fair, even among Level-II and III studies. Effective clinical assessment and optimization of injection therapies will demand greater attention to study methodology, including blinding; standardized quantitative methods for cell harvesting, processing, characterization, and delivery; and standardized reporting of clinical and structural outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Chahla
- Steadman Philippon Research lnstitute, Vail, Colorado
| | - Nicolas S Piuzzi
- Institute of Orthopedics, "Carlos E. Ottolenghi" Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Chase S Dean
- Steadman Philippon Research lnstitute, Vail, Colorado
| | | | - Robert F LaPrade
- Steadman Philippon Research lnstitute, Vail, Colorado The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado
| | - George F Muschler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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21399
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Gupta G, Hemal A, Saha A, Kapoor K, Goyal P, Upadhyay AD. Proteinuria in HIV-infected Indian children. Trop Doct 2016; 47:230-233. [PMID: 27655943 DOI: 10.1177/0049475516668963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with HIV infection. Screening for proteinuria in HIV-infected children will help in early detection and treatment, and thus prevention and progression to CKD to end-stage kidney disease (ESRD). We screened 139 HIV-infected children aged 18 months to 18 years for proteinuria by urinary dipstick and confirmed by spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio. If proteinuria was absent by the above methods, patients were screened for microalbuminuria by urinary albumin to creatinine ratio. We found proteinuria in 11.5% and microalbuminuria in 10.6% of our study population. The prevalence of proteinuria was higher in the advanced stages; 8.05% in stage 1, 12.12% in stage 2 and 26.32% in stages 3 + 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopila Gupta
- 1 Postgraduate Student, Department of Paediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Hemal
- 2 Professor of Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhijeet Saha
- 2 Professor of Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanika Kapoor
- 3 Senior Resident, Department of Paediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Goyal
- 4 Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Datt Upadhyay
- 5 Statistican, Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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21400
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Zelaya MV, Pérez-Valderrama E, de Morentin XM, Tuñon T, Ferrer I, Luquin MR, Fernandez-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E. Olfactory bulb proteome dynamics during the progression of sporadic Alzheimer's disease: identification of common and distinct olfactory targets across Alzheimer-related co-pathologies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39437-56. [PMID: 26517091 PMCID: PMC4741837 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is present in up to 90% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Although deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau and β-amyloid substrates are present in olfactory areas, the molecular mechanisms associated with decreased smell function are not completely understood. We have applied mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics to probe additional molecular disturbances in postmortem olfactory bulbs (OB) dissected from AD cases respect to neurologically intact controls (n=20, mean age 82.1 years). Relative proteome abundance measurements have revealed protein interaction networks progressively disturbed across AD stages suggesting an early imbalance in splicing factors, subsequent interrupted cycling of neurotransmitters, alteration in toxic and protective mechanisms of β-amyloid, and finally, a mitochondrial dysfunction together with disturbance in neuron-neuron adhesion. We also present novel molecular findings in the OB in an autopsy cohort composed by Lewy body disease (LBD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), mixed dementia, and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) cases (n = 41, mean age 79.7 years). Olfactory mediators deregulated during the progression of AD such as Visinin-like protein 1, RUFY3 protein, and Copine 6 were also differentially modulated in the OB in LBD, FTLD, and mixed dementia. Only Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 showed a specific down-regulation in AD. However, no differences were observed in the olfactory expression of this protein panel in PSP subjects. This study demonstrates an olfactory progressive proteome modulation in AD, unveiling cross-disease similarities and differences especially for specific proteins involved in dendritic and axonic distributions that occur in the OB during the neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Zelaya
- Proteomics Unit, Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Proteored-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estela Pérez-Valderrama
- Proteomics Unit, Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Proteored-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Martínez de Morentin
- Proteomics Unit, Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Proteored-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Tuñon
- Pathological Anatomy Department, Navarra Hospital Complex, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Institut de Neuropatologia, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rosario Luquin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Therapy, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Division, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernandez-Irigoyen
- Proteomics Unit, Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Proteored-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteomics Unit, Clinical Neuroproteomics Group, Navarrabiomed, Fundación Miguel Servet, Proteored-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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