22551
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Urol 2012. [PMID: 23202289 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0b013e32835bb149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22552
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Yang N, Tang Y, Wang F, Zhang H, Xu D, Shen Y, Sun S, Yang G. Blockade of store-operated Ca(2+) entry inhibits hepatocarcinoma cell migration and invasion by regulating focal adhesion turnover. Cancer Lett 2012; 330:163-9. [PMID: 23211538 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is a main Ca(2+) influx pathway controlling the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in normal hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Ca(2+) influx has been demonstrated to be involved in liver oncogenesis. Stromal interacting molecule (STIM) 1 acts as a sensor for the level of Ca(2+) stored in the endoplasmic reticulum, and Orai1 protein constitutes the pore-forming subunit of the store-operated channels. Recently, STIM1 and Orai1 were found critical for breast tumor cell migration and metastasis. However, the effects of Ca(2+) influx pathway on migration and metastasis have not been studied in hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we found that STIM1 had a higher expression in hepatoma tissues than in precancerous tissues of the same patients. In general, STIM expression is elevated in HCC cell lines compared to a normal hepatocyte cell line. HCC-LM3 cell, which has a higher migration ability, expresses five times higher level of STIM than other HCC cell lines. STIM1 could then be explored as a prognostic marker to screen liver cancer patients with high metastatic potential. Inhibition of SOCE and STIM1 enhance focal adhesions and decrease the focal adhesion turnover, suggesting the therapeutic potential of SOCE and STIM1 as new molecular targets for metastatic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Hepatic Surgery Department V, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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22553
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2012; 24:770-9. [PMID: 23146873 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e32835af8de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22554
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Liao CH, Liu YY, Chen CC, Wang SY, Ooyang CH, Kuo IM, Yeh TS. Single-Incision Laparoscopic-Assisted Surgery for Small Bowel Obstruction. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2012; 22:957-61. [DOI: 10.1089/lap.2012.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Liao
- Department of Traumatology and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- Department of Traumatology and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Ooyang
- Department of Traumatology and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Kuo
- Department of Traumatology and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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22555
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Berard A, Kroeker AL, Coombs KM. Transcriptomics and quantitative proteomics in virology. Future Virol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22556
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Prevalence of HBV infection in suspected population of conflict-affected area of war against terrorism in North Waziristan FATA Pakistan. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:1865-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22557
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Tobinick E, Kim NM, Reyzin G, Rodriguez-Romanacce H, DePuy V. Selective TNF inhibition for chronic stroke and traumatic brain injury: an observational study involving 629 consecutive patients treated with perispinal etanercept. CNS Drugs 2012; 26:1051-70. [PMID: 23100196 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-012-0013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain injury from stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) may result in a persistent neuroinflammatory response in the injury penumbra. This response may include microglial activation and excess levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Previous experimental data suggest that etanercept, a selective TNF inhibitor, has the ability to ameliorate microglial activation and modulate the adverse synaptic effects of excess TNF. Perispinal administration may enhance etanercept delivery across the blood-CSF barrier. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to systematically examine the clinical response following perispinal administration of etanercept in a cohort of patients with chronic neurological dysfunction after stroke and TBI. METHODS After approval by an independent external institutional review board (IRB), a chart review of all patients with chronic neurological dysfunction following stroke or TBI who were treated open-label with perispinal etanercept (PSE) from November 1, 2010 to July 14, 2012 at a group medical practice was performed. RESULTS The treated cohort included 629 consecutive patients. Charts of 617 patients following stroke and 12 patients following TBI were reviewed. The mean age of the stroke patients was 65.8 years ± 13.15 (range 13-97). The mean interval between treatment with PSE and stroke was 42.0 ± 57.84 months (range 0.5-419); for TBI the mean interval was 115.2 ± 160.22 months (range 4-537). Statistically significant improvements in motor impairment, spasticity, sensory impairment, cognition, psychological/behavioural function, aphasia and pain were noted in the stroke group, with a wide variety of additional clinical improvements noted in individuals, such as reductions in pseudobulbar affect and urinary incontinence. Improvements in multiple domains were typical. Significant improvement was noted irrespective of the length of time before treatment was initiated; there was evidence of a strong treatment effect even in the subgroup of patients treated more than 10 years after stroke and TBI. In the TBI cohort, motor impairment and spasticity were statistically significantly reduced. DISCUSSION Irrespective of the methodological limitations, the present results provide clinical evidence that stroke and TBI may lead to a persistent and ongoing neuroinflammatory response in the brain that is amenable to therapeutic intervention by selective inhibition of TNF, even years after the acute injury. CONCLUSION Excess TNF contributes to chronic neurological, neuropsychiatric and clinical impairment after stroke and TBI. Perispinal administration of etanercept produces clinical improvement in patients with chronic neurological dysfunction following stroke and TBI. The therapeutic window extends beyond a decade after stroke and TBI. Randomized clinical trials will be necessary to further quantify and characterize the clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Tobinick
- Institute of Neurological Recovery, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suites 205-210, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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22558
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Diagnostic accuracy of global myocardial deformation indexes in coronary artery disease: a velocity vector imaging study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 28:1931-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-012-0025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22559
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Bodle JD, Feldmann E, Swartz RH, Rumboldt Z, Brown T, Turan TN. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging: an emerging tool for evaluating intracranial arterial disease. Stroke 2012. [PMID: 23204050 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.112.664680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Bodle
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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22560
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Topalis D, Andrei G, Snoeck R. The large tumor antigen: a "Swiss Army knife" protein possessing the functions required for the polyomavirus life cycle. Antiviral Res 2012. [PMID: 23201316 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The SV40 large tumor antigen (L-Tag) is involved in the replication and cell transformation processes that take place during the polyomavirus life cycle. The ability of the L-Tag to interact with and to inactivate the tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRb, makes this polyfunctional protein an interesting target in the search for compounds with antiviral and/or antiproliferative activities designed for the management of polyomavirus-associated diseases. The severe diseases caused by polyomaviruses, mainly in immunocompromised hosts, and the absence of licensed treatments, make the discovery of new antipolyomavirus drugs urgent. Parallels can be made between the SV40 L-Tag and the human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins (E6 and E7) as they are also able to deregulate the cell cycle in order to promote cell transformation and its maintenance. In this review, a presentation of the SV40 L-Tag characteristics, regarding viral replication and cellular transformation, will show how similar these two processes are between the polyoma- and papillomavirus families. Insights at the molecular level will highlight similarities in the binding of polyoma- and papillomavirus replicative helicases to the viral DNA and in their disruptions of the p53 and pRb tumor suppressor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Topalis
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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22561
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Han HZ, Liang Y, Shi CZ, Yang J. Influence of treatment with Bifidobacteria bifidum on gut barrier function in IL-10 knockout mice. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:3203-3210. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i33.3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the protective effect of different cycles of intervention with Bifidobacterium bifidum (B. bifidum) on colonic epithelial mucosal barrier in IL-10 knockout mice.
METHODS: Female IL-10 knockout (IL-10-/-) mice and wild type (WT) mice were divided into four groups: WT group, WT + B. bifidum (BBf) group, IL-10-/- group, and IL-10-/- + B. bifidum group. The WT + B. bifidum and IL-10-/- + B. bifidum groups were administered with B. bifidum by gavage at a dose of 109 cells/d per mice for 2 wk, 4 wk, and 6 wk. The other groups were given phosphate buffered saline solution. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and interferon (INF)-γ in the colon was measured at the end of the experiment. Colonic tissues were collected for measurement of colonic epithelial permeability, transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), and expression of tight junction protein.
RESULTS: The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and INF-γ, and tight junction protein, colonic epithelial permeability, and TER in mice treated with B. bifidum for 4 wk were significantly different from those in control mice and mice treated with B. bifidum for 2 wk (all P < 0.01), but showed no significant differences with those in mice treated with B. bifidum for 6 wk.
CONCLUSION: B. bifidum intervention for 4 wk had a significant protective effect on colonic epithelial mucosal barrier in IL-10 knockout mice, and prolonged intervention did not significantly improve the protective effect of B. bifidum.
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22562
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Assessing interactions between the associations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 common genetic variants and hormone receptor status with breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012. [PMID: 23184080 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a member of a receptor tyrosine kinase gene superfamily, involved in cell growth, invasiveness, motility, and angiogenesis, which has attracted considerable attention as a candidate gene for breast cancer (BC) since it was first identified through genome-wide association approach. In the past few years, the relationship between FGFR2 and BC has been reported in various ethnic groups; however, these studies have yielded contradictory results. To investigate this inconsistency, we performed a meta-analysis of 37 studies involving a total of 288,142 subjects for rs2981582, rs1219648, and rs2420946 polymorphism of the FGFR2 gene to evaluate the effect of FGFR2 on genetic susceptibility for BC. Overall, significantly increased BC risk was associated with these polymorphisms when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. In addition, our data indicate that FGFR2 is involved in BC susceptibility and confer its effect primarily in estrogen receptor-positive and progesterone receptor-positive tumors. When stratified by ethnicity, significantly increased risks were found in Caucasian and East Asian populations. However, no significant associations were detected among African descent populations. There was strong evidence of heterogeneity (P < 0.05), which largely disappeared after stratification by ethnicity. This meta-analysis demonstrated that FGFR2 polymorphism is a risk factor associated with increased BC susceptibility, but these associations vary in different ethnic populations.
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22563
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Zhu Y, Li Y, Wei J, Liu X. The role of Sox genes in lung morphogenesis and cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:15767-83. [PMID: 23443092 PMCID: PMC3546660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131215767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human lung consists of multiple cell types derived from early embryonic compartments. The morphogenesis of the lung, as well as the injury repair of the adult lung, is tightly controlled by a network of signaling pathways with key transcriptional factors. Lung cancer is the third most cancer-related death in the world, which may be developed due to the failure of regulating the signaling pathways. Sox (sex-determining region Y (Sry) box-containing) family transcriptional factors have emerged as potent modulators in embryonic development, stem cells maintenance, tissue homeostasis, and cancerogenesis in multiple processes. Recent studies demonstrated that the members of the Sox gene family played important roles in the development and maintenance of lung and development of lung cancer. In this context, we summarize our current understanding of the role of Sox family transcriptional factors in the morphogenesis of lung, their oncogenic potential in lung cancer, and their potential impact in the diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, College of Life science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, College of Life science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jun Wei
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.W.); or (X.L.); Tel.: +86-951-674-3751 (J.W.); +86-951-206-2037 (X.L); Fax: +86-951-206-2699 (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, College of Life science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; E-Mails: (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.W.); or (X.L.); Tel.: +86-951-674-3751 (J.W.); +86-951-206-2037 (X.L); Fax: +86-951-206-2699 (X.L.)
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22564
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Jiang X, Huang JF, Huo Z, Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Wu X, Li Y, Jiang G, Zeng L, Yan XX, Yu P, Cao R. Elevation of soluble major histocompatibility complex class I related chain A protein in malignant and infectious diseases in Chinese patients. BMC Immunol 2012. [PMID: 23181907 PMCID: PMC3552998 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevation of soluble major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A (sMICA) products in serum has been linked to tissue/organ transplantation, autoimmune diseases and some malignant disorders. Cells infected by microbiological pathogens may release sMICA, whereas less is known whether and to what extent serum sMICA levels may change in infectious diseases. Methods The present study determined serum sMICA levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a southern China population, including patients (n = 1041) suffering from several types of malignant and infectious diseases and healthy controls (n = 141). Results Relative to controls, serum sMICA elevation was significant in patients of hepatic cancer, and was approaching statistical significance in patients with lung, gastric and nasopharyngeal cancers. sMICA elevation was also associated with some bacterial (Enterobacteriaceae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive cocci), viral (hepatitis B and C) and the Microspironema pallidum infections. Conclusion Serum sMICA levels may be informative for the diagnosis of some malignant and infectious diseases. The results also indicate that microbiological infections should be considered as a potential confounding clinical condition causing serum sMICA elevation while using this test to evaluate the status of other disorders, such as cancers, host-graft response and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanhua University, Hengyang, China.
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22565
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Yang Z, Yuan XG, Chen J, Lu NH. Is NEDD4-1 a negative regulator of phosphatase and tensin homolog in gastric carcinogenesis? World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:6345-6348. [PMID: 23180960 PMCID: PMC3501788 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i43.6345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a tumor suppressor gene, is frequently down-regulated in gastric carcinomas due to mutation, loss of heterozygosity, and promoter hypermethylation. However, it is unknown if additional mechanisms may account for the down-regulation of PTEN expression. While neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 4-1 (NEDD4-1) is believed to be a potential dual regulator of PTEN, there are conflicting reports regarding their interaction. To gain further insight into the role of NEDD4-1 and its association with PTEN in gastric carcinoma development, we measured the protein expression of NEDD4-1 and PTEN in gastric mucosae with various pathological lesions and found that NEDD4-1 increased from normal gastric mucosa to intestinal metaplasia and decreased from dysplasia to gastric carcinoma. These changes did not correlate with PTEN expression changes during gastric carcinogenesis. Moreover, we found similar results in protein levels in the primary tumors and adjacent non-tumorous tissues. These results differ from a previous report showing that expression of NEDD4-1 is up-regulated in gastric carcinomas, and show a more complex pattern of NEDD4-1 gene expression during gastric carcinogenesis.
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22566
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Pan C, Gu Y, Zhang W, Zheng Y, Peng L, Deng H, Chen Y, Chen L, Chen S, Zhang M, Gao Z. Dynamic changes of lipopolysaccharide levels in different phases of acute on chronic hepatitis B liver failure. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185336 PMCID: PMC3501519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with LPS-MD-2/TLR4 complex activated NF-kb and cytokine cause hepatic necrosis in animal models. We investigated the dynamic changes of LPS levels in patients with acute on chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF). Methods We enrolled ACHBLF patients for a 12-week study. Patients’ LPS levels were measured along with 10 healthy controls. Patients on supportive care and recovered without intervention(s) were analyzed. Patients’ LPS levels during the disease progression phase, peak phase, and remission phase were compared with healthy controls. Results Among 30 patients enrolled, 25 who received interventions or expired during the study period were excluded from the analysis, five patients on supportive care who completed the study were analyzed. Significant abnormal distributions of LPS levels were observed in patients in different phases (0.0168±0.0101 in progression phase; 0.0960±0.0680 in peak phase; 0.0249±0.0365 in remission phase; and 0.0201±0.0146 in controls; respectively, p<0.05). The highest level of LPS was in the peak phase and significantly elevated when compared to controls (0.0201±0.0146 vs. 0.0960±0.0680, p = 0.007). There were no statistically significant differences in LPS levels between healthy controls and subjects in the progression phase or remission phase. Dynamic changes of LPS were correlated with MELD-Na in the progression phase (p = 0.01, R = 0.876) and in the peak phase (p = 0.000, R = −1.00). Conclusions Significant abnormal distributions of LPS levels were observed in ACHBLF with the highest level in the peak phase. The dynamic changes of LPS were correlated with disease severity and suggested LPS causing secondary hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Pan
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yurong Gu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated, Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubao Zheng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated, Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated, Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated, Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youming Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated, Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lubiao Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated, Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sui Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated, Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated, Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated, Hospital of Sun-Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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22567
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Cheng J, Yang Y, Fang J, Xiao J, Zhu T, Chen F, Wang P, Li Z, Yang H, Xu Y. Structural insight into coordinated recognition of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) by the plant homeodomain (PHD) and tandem tudor domain (TTD) of UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains, 1) protein. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:1329-39. [PMID: 23161542 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.415398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
UHRF1 is an important epigenetic regulator connecting DNA methylation and histone methylations. UHRF1 is required for maintenance of DNA methylation through recruiting DNMT1 to DNA replication forks. Recent studies have shown that the plant homeodomain (PHD) of UHRF1 recognizes the N terminus of unmodified histone H3, and the interaction is inhibited by methylation of H3R2, whereas the tandem tudor domain (TTD) of UHRF1 recognizes trimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3). However, how the two domains of UHRF1 coordinately recognize histone methylations remains elusive. In this report, we identified that PHD largely enhances the interaction between TTD and H3K9me3. We present the crystal structure of UHRF1 containing both TTD and PHD (TTD-PHD) in complex with H3K9m3 peptide at 3.0 Å resolution. The structure shows that TTD-PHD binds to the H3K9me3 peptide with 1:1 stoichiometry with the two domains connected by the H3K9me3 peptide and a linker region. The TTD interacts with residues Arg-8 and trimethylated Lys-9, and the PHD interacts with residues Ala-1, Arg-2, and Lys-4 of the H3K9me3 peptide. The biochemical experiments indicate that PHD-mediated recognition of unmodified H3 is independent of the TTD, whereas TTD-mediated recognition of H3K9me3 PHD. Thus, both TTD and PHD are essential for specific recognition of H3K9me3 by UHRF1. Interestingly, the H3K9me3 peptide induces conformational changes of TTD-PHD, which do not affect the autoubiquitination activity or hemimethylated DNA binding affinity of UHRF1 in vitro. Taken together, our studies provide structural insight into the coordinated recognition of H3K9me3 by the TTD and PHD of UHRF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Cheng
- Cancer Institute, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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22568
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Centelles JJ. General aspects of colorectal cancer. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:139268. [PMID: 23209942 PMCID: PMC3504424 DOI: 10.5402/2012/139268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of death. Cancer is initiated by several DNA damages, affecting proto-oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes, and DNA repairing genes. The molecular origins of CRC are chromosome instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI), and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). A brief description of types of CRC cancer is presented, including sporadic CRC, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) or Lynch syndromes, familiar adenomatous polyposis (FAP), MYH-associated polyposis (MAP), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), and juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS). Some signalling systems for CRC are also described, including Wnt-β-catenin pathway, tyrosine kinase receptors pathway, TGF-β pathway, and Hedgehog pathway. Finally, this paper describes also some CRC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep J. Centelles
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avenida Diagonal 643, Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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22569
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Zhang X, Li J, Liu A, Zou J, Zhou X, Xiang J, Rerksiri W, Peng Y, Xiong X, Chen X. Expression profile in rice panicle: insights into heat response mechanism at reproductive stage. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49652. [PMID: 23155476 PMCID: PMC3498232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice at reproductive stage is more sensitive to environmental changes, and little is known about the mechanism of heat response in rice panicle. Here, using rice microarray, we provided a time course gene expression profile of rice panicle at anther developmental stage 8 after 40°C treatment for 0 min, 20 min, 60 min, 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h. The identified differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in transcriptional regulation, transport, cellular homeostasis, and stress response. The predominant transcription factor gene families responsive to heat stress were Hsf, NAC, AP2/ERF, WRKY, MYB, and C2H2. KMC analysis discovered the time-dependent gene expression pattern under heat stress. The motif co-occurrence analysis on the promoters of genes from an early up-regulated cluster showed the important roles of GCC box, HSE, ABRE, and CE3 in response to heat stress. The regulation model central to ROS combined with transcriptome and ROS quantification data in rice panicle indicated the great importance to maintain ROS balance and the existence of wide cross-talk in heat response. The present study increased our understanding of the heat response in rice panicle and provided good candidate genes for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaping Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ailing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Zou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Xiang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wirat Rerksiri
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingyao Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail: (XX); (XC)
| | - Xinbo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail: (XX); (XC)
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22570
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Hummel T, Henkel S, Negoias S, Galván JRB, Bogdanov V, Hopp P, Hallmeyer-Elgner S, Gerber J, Reuner U, Haehner A. Olfactory bulb volume in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurol 2012; 260:1004-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22571
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O'Malley D, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Interleukin-6 modulates colonic transepithelial ion transport in the stress-sensitive wistar kyoto rat. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:190. [PMID: 23162465 PMCID: PMC3491317 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological challenge stimulates secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6, resulting in variety of biological responses. In the gastrointestinal tract, IL-6 modulates the excitability of submucosal neurons and stimulates secretion into the colonic lumen. When considered in the context of the functional bowel disorder, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), where plasma levels of IL-6 are elevated, this may reflect an important molecular mechanism contributing to symptom flares, particularly in the diarrhea-predominant phenotype. In these studies, colonic ion transport, an indicator of absorption and secretion, was assessed in the stress-sensitive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat model of IBS. Mucosa-submucosal colonic preparations from WKY and control Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were mounted in Ussing chambers and the basal short circuit current (ISC) was electrophysiologically recorded and compared between the strains. Exposure to IL-6 (1 nM) stimulated a secretory current of greater amplitude in WKY as compared to SD samples. Furthermore, the observed IL-6-mediated potentiation of secretory currents evoked by veratridine and capsaicin in SD rats was blunted in WKY rats. Exposure to IL-6 also stimulated an increase in transepithelial resistance in both SD and WKY colonic tissue. These studies demonstrate that the neuroexcitatory effects of IL-6 on submucosal plexi have functional consequences with alterations in both colonic secretory activity and permeability. The IL-6-induced increase in colonic secretory activity appears to neurally mediated. Thus, local increases in IL-6 levels and subsequent activation of enteric neurons may underlie alterations in absorpto-secretory function in the WKY model of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dervla O'Malley
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork Cork, Ireland ; Department of Physiology, University College Cork Cork, Ireland
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22572
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Farías C, Fernández JI, Ovalle C, Cabrera C, de la Maza J, Kosiel K, Molina AM. Transumbilical Sleeve Gastrectomy with an Accessory Lateral Port: Surgical Results in 237 Patients and 1-Year Follow-up. Obes Surg 2012; 23:325-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-012-0812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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22573
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Three novel functional polymorphisms in the promoter of FGFR2 gene and breast cancer risk: a HuGE review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:885-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2300-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22574
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Zhang ZL, Zhou ML, Tang Y, Li FL, Tang YX, Shao JR, Xue WT, Wu YM. Bioactive compounds in functional buckwheat food. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22575
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22576
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Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S, Maiese K. A Critical Kinase Cascade in Neurological Disorders: PI 3-K, Akt, and mTOR. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2012; 7:733-748. [PMID: 23144589 DOI: 10.2217/fnl.12.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders lead to disability and death in a significant proportion of the world's population. However, many disorders of the nervous system remain with limited effective treatments. Kinase pathways in the nervous system that involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K), protein kinase B (Akt), and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) offer exciting prospects for the understanding of neurodegenerative pathways and the development of new avenues of treatment. PI 3-K, Akt, and mTOR pathways are vital cellular components that determine cell fate during acute and chronic disorders, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, stroke, and trauma. Yet, the elaborate relationship among these kinases and the variable control of apoptosis and autophagy can lead to unanticipated biological and clinical outcomes. Crucial for the successful translation of PI 3-K, Akt, and mTOR into robust and safe clinical strategies will be the further elucidation of the complex roles that these kinase pathways hold in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhong Chong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101 ; New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey 07101
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22577
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A cystic haemorrhagic lesion located in the cerebellopontine angle cistern. J Clin Neurosci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22578
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A new mouse model for the study of human breast cancer metastasis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47995. [PMID: 23118918 PMCID: PMC3485320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and this prevalence has a major impact on health worldwide. Localized breast cancer has an excellent prognosis, with a 5-year relative survival rate of 85%. However, the survival rate drops to only 23% for women with distant metastases. To date, the study of breast cancer metastasis has been hampered by a lack of reliable metastatic models. Here we describe a novel in vivo model using human breast cancer xenografts in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice; in this model human breast cancer cells reliably metastasize to distant organs from primary tumors grown within the mammary fat pad. This model enables the study of the entire metastatic process from the proper anatomical site, providing an important new approach to examine the mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis. We used this model to identify gene expression changes that occur at metastatic sites relative to the primary mammary fat pad tumor. By comparing multiple metastatic sites and independent cell lines, we have identified several gene expression changes that may be important for tumor growth at distant sites.
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22579
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Debiaggi M, Canducci F, Ceresola ER, Clementi M. The role of infections and coinfections with newly identified and emerging respiratory viruses in children. Virol J 2012; 9:247. [PMID: 23102237 PMCID: PMC3573994 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections are a major cause of morbidity in children both in developed and developing countries. A wide range of respiratory viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza viruses (PIVs), adenovirus, rhinovirus (HRV), have repeatedly been detected in acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children in the past decades. However, in the last ten years thanks to progress in molecular technologies, newly discovered viruses have been identified including human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), coronaviruses NL63 (HcoV-NL63) and HKU1 (HcoV-HKU1), human Bocavirus (HBoV), new enterovirus (HEV), parechovirus (HpeV) and rhinovirus (HRV) strains, polyomaviruses WU (WUPyV) and KI (KIPyV) and the pandemic H1N1v influenza A virus. These discoveries have heavily modified previous knowledge on respiratory infections mainly highlighting that pediatric population is exposed to a variety of viruses with similar seasonal patterns. In this context establishing a causal link between a newly identified virus and the disease as well as an association between mixed infections and an increase in disease severity can be challenging. This review will present an overview of newly recognized as well as the main emerging respiratory viruses and seek to focus on the their contribution to infection and co-infection in LRTIs in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizia Debiaggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche, Sezione di Microbiologia, 20132 Milan, Italy
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22580
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Efficient detection of Mediterranean β-thalassemia mutations by multiplex single-nucleotide primer extension. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48167. [PMID: 23110203 PMCID: PMC3482202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Thalassemias and abnormal hemoglobin variants are among the most common hereditary abnormalities in humans. Molecular characterization of the causative genetic variants is an essential part of the diagnostic process. In geographic areas with high hemoglobinopathy prevalence, such as the Mediterranean region, a limited number of genetic variants are responsible for the majority of hemoglobinopathy cases. Developing reliable, rapid and cost-effective mutation-specific molecular diagnostic assays targeting particular populations greatly facilitates routine hemoglobinopathy investigations. We developed a one-tube single-nucleotide primer extension assay for the detection of eight common Mediterranean β-thalassemia mutations: Codon 5 (-CT); CCT(Pro)->C–, Codon 6 (-A); GAG(Glu)->G-G, Codon 8 (-AA); AAG(Lys)->–G, IVS-I-1 (G->A), IVS-I-6 (T->C), IVS-I-110 (G->A), Codon 39 (C->T), and IVS-II-745 (C->G), as well as the hemoglobin S variant beta 6(A3) Glu>Val. We validated the new assay using previously genotyped samples obtaining 100% agreement between independent genotyping methods. Our approach, applicable in a range of Mediterranean countries, offers a combination of high accuracy and rapidity exploiting standard techniques and widely available equipment. It can be further adapted to particular populations by including/excluding assayed mutations. We facilitate future modifications by providing detailed information on assay design.
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22581
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Huang XZ, Wang ZY, Dai XH, Yun-Zhang, Zhang M. Velocity vector imaging of longitudinal mechanical properties of upstream and downstream shoulders and fibrous cap tops of human carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Echocardiography 2012; 30:211-8. [PMID: 23095047 DOI: 10.1111/echo.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is closely related to high regional mechanical stress in the plaque itself. We aimed to explore the longitudinal mechanical properties of upstream and downstream shoulders and fibrous cap tops of human atherosclerotic plaques in vivo by velocity vector imaging (VVI) combined with acoustic densitometry (AD) imaging. METHODS AND RESULTS We included 135 patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque. VVI and AD were used to examine 3 regions of carotid plaque along the longitudinal-axis view. A total of 405 regions were classified with low or high AD values by corrected averages image intensity (AIIc%) < or ≥50, respectively. Peak systolic strain, strain rate (SR), and velocity were significantly greater for upstream than downstream shoulders and fibrous cap tops of carotid plaque (P < 0.05 for both). AIIc% was significantly lower for upstream than downstream plaque shoulders (P < 0.05). Peak systolic SR of the plaque regions was negatively correlated with corresponding AIIc% (R(2) = 0.499, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The longitudinal strain of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques as derived by VVI is associated with its corresponding AD but also in part with the internal position of the strain, with values greater for upstream than downstream shoulders and fibrous cap tops.
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22582
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Natividad JMM, Verdu EF. Modulation of intestinal barrier by intestinal microbiota: pathological and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Res 2012; 69:42-51. [PMID: 23089410 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammals and their intestinal microbiota peacefully coexist in a mutualistic relationship. Commensal bacteria play an active role in shaping and modulating physiological processes in the host, which include, but are not restricted to, the immune system and the intestinal barrier. Both play a crucial role in containing intestinal bacteria and other potentially noxious luminal antigens within the lumen and mucosal compartment. Although mutualism defines the relationship between the host and the intestinal microbiota, disruptions in this equilibrium may promote disease. Thus, alterations in gut microbiota (dysbiosis) have been linked to the recent increased expression of obesity, allergy, autoimmunity, functional and inflammatory disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this article, we review the evidence supporting a role of gut microbiota in regulating intestinal barrier function. We discuss the hypothesis that microbial factors can modulate the barrier in ways that can prevent or promote gastrointestinal disease. A better understanding of the role of the intestinal microbiota in maintaining a functional intestinal barrier may help develop targeted strategies to prevent and treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M M Natividad
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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22583
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High expression of miR-21 and miR-155 predicts recurrence and unfavourable survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 2012; 49:604-15. [PMID: 23099007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We synthesised the evidence of microRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in lung cancer. Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase and Web of Science until March 2012. Descriptive characteristics for studies were described and an additional meta-analysis for two specific microRNAs (miR-21 and miR-155) which were studied extensively was performed. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The median study size was 88 patients (interquartile range [IQR]=53-193) and the median HR in the studies that reported statistically significant results was 2.855 (IQR=2.01-5.035). For the studies evaluating miR-21's association with clinical outcomes, the pooled HR suggested that high expression of miR-21 has a negative impact on overall survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (HR=2.32[1.17-4.62], P<0.05) and recurrence-free survival (RFS)/cancer-specific survival (CSS) in lung adenocarcinoma (HR=2.43[1.67-3.54], P<0.001). As for miR-155, the pooled HR for OS was 2.09 (95%CI: 0.68-6.41, P>0.05) which was not statistically significant, but for RFS/CSS was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.10-1.83, P=0.007). These results indicate that microRNAs show promising associations with prognosis in lung cancer; moreover, specific microRNAs such as miR-21 and miR-155 can predict recurrence and poor survival in NSCLC.
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22584
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Chaib E, Coimbra BGMM, Galvão FHF, Tatebe ER, Shinzato MS, D'Albuquerque LAC, Massad E. Does anti-hepatitis B virus vaccine make any difference in long-term number of liver transplantation? Clin Transplant 2012; 26:E590-5. [PMID: 23083337 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chronic hepatitis B infection is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Our aim is to analyze, through a mathematical model, the potential impact of anti-HBV vaccine in the long-term (that is, decades after vaccination) number of LT. METHODS The model simulated that the prevalence of HBV infection was 0.5% and that approximately 20% of all the liver transplantation carried out in the state of São Paulo are due to HBV infection. RESULTS The theoretical model suggests that a vaccination program that would cover 80% of the target population would reach a maximum of about 14% reduction in the LT program. CONCLUSION Increasing the vaccination coverage against HBV in the state of São Paulo would have a relatively low impact on the number of liver transplantation. In addition, this impact would take several decades to materialize due to the long incubation period of liver failure due to HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chaib
- Liver Transplantation Surgery Unit, LIM 37, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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22585
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Guo Y, Kang W, Lei X, Li Y, Xiang A, Liu Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Yan Z. Hepatitis B viral core protein disrupts human host gene expression by binding to promoter regions. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:563. [PMID: 23088787 PMCID: PMC3484065 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The core protein (HBc) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been implicated in the malignant transformation of chronically-infected hepatocytes and displays pleiotropic functions, including RNA- and DNA-binding activities. However, the mechanism by which HBc interacts with the human genome to exert effects on hepatocyte function remains unknown. This study investigated the distribution of HBc binding to promoters in the human genome and evaluated its effects on the related genes' expression. RESULTS Whole-genome chromatin immunoprecipitation microarray (ChIP-on-chip) analysis was used to identify HBc-bound human gene promoters. Gene Ontology and pathway analyses were performed on related genes. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was used to verify ChIP-on-chip results. Five novel genes were selected for luciferase reporter assay evaluation to assess the influence of HBc promoter binding. The HBc antibody immunoprecipitated approximately 3100 human gene promoters. Among these, 1993 are associated with known biological processes, and 2208 regulate genes with defined molecular functions. In total, 1286 of the related genes mediate primary metabolic processes, and 1398 encode proteins with binding activity. Sixty-four of the promoters regulate genes related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and 41 regulate Wnt/beta-catenin pathway genes. The reporter gene assay indicated that HBc binding up-regulates proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (SRC), type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R), and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 2 (NTRK2), and down-regulates v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene (HRAS). CONCLUSION HBc has the ability to bind a large number of human gene promoters, and can disrupt normal host gene expression. Manipulation of the transcriptional profile in HBV-infected hepatocytes may represent a key pathogenic mechanism of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, 710077, China
| | - Xiaoying Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Yongnian Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, 323 Hospital, Xi’an, 710000, China
| | - An Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Yonglan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Jinrong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032, China
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22586
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Levina AS, Repkova MN, Ismagilov ZR, Shikina NV, Malygin EG, Mazurkova NA, Zinov'ev VV, Evdokimov AA, Baiborodin SI, Zarytova VF. High-performance method for specific effect on nucleic acids in cells using TiO2~DNA nanocomposites. Sci Rep 2012; 2:756. [PMID: 23091696 PMCID: PMC3477653 DOI: 10.1038/srep00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are used to solve the current drug delivery problem. We present a high-performance method for efficient and selective action on nucleic acid target in cells using unique TiO2·PL-DNA nanocomposites (polylysine-containing DNA fragments noncovalently immobilized onto TiO2 nanoparticles capable of transferring DNA). These nanocomposites were used for inhibition of human influenza A (H3N2) virus replication in infected MDCK cells. They showed a low toxicity (TC50 ≈ 1800 μg/ml) and a high antiviral activity (>99.9% inhibition of the virus replication). The specificity factor (antisense effect) appeared to depend on the delivery system of DNA fragments. This factor for nanocomposites is ten-times higher than for DNA in the presence of lipofectamine. IC50 for nanocomposites was estimated to be 1.5 μg/ml (30 nM for DNA), so its selectivity index was calculated as ~1200. Thus, the proposed nanocomposites are prospective for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya S Levina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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22587
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Tocotrienols reverse cardiovascular, metabolic and liver changes in high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. Nutrients 2012. [PMID: 23201770 PMCID: PMC3497010 DOI: 10.3390/nu4101527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienols have been reported to improve lipid profiles, reduce atherosclerotic lesions, decrease blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin concentrations, normalise blood pressure in vivo and inhibit adipogenesis in vitro, yet their role in the metabolic syndrome has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the effects of palm tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic, cardiovascular and liver dysfunction in rats. Rats fed a high carbohydrate, high fat diet for 16 weeks developed abdominal obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance with increased ventricular stiffness, lower systolic function and reduced liver function. TRF treatment improved ventricular function, attenuated cardiac stiffness and hypertension, and improved glucose and insulin tolerance, with reduced left ventricular collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration. TRF improved liver structure and function with reduced plasma liver enzymes, inflammatory cell infiltration, fat vacuoles and balloon hepatocytes. TRF reduced plasma free fatty acid and triglyceride concentrations but only omental fat deposition was decreased in the abdomen. These results suggest that tocotrienols protect the heart and liver, and improve plasma glucose and lipid profiles with minimal changes in abdominal obesity in this model of human metabolic syndrome.
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22588
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Teh MT. FOXM1 coming of age: time for translation into clinical benefits? Front Oncol 2012; 2:146. [PMID: 23087907 PMCID: PMC3471356 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A decade since the first evidence implicating the cell cycle transcription factor Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) in human tumorigenesis, a slew of subsequent studies revealed an oncogenic role of FOXM1 in the majority of human cancers including oral, nasopharynx, oropharynx, esophagus, breast, ovary, prostate, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, colon, brain, cervix, thyroid, bladder, uterus, testis, stomach, skin, and blood. Its aberrant upregulation in almost all different cancer types suggests a fundamental role for FOXM1 in tumorigenesis. Its dose-dependent expression pattern correlated well with tumor progression starting from cancer predisposition and initiation, early premalignancy and progression, to metastatic invasion. In addition, emerging studies have demonstrated a causal link between FOXM1 and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Despite the well-established multifaceted roles for FOXM1 in all stages of oncogenesis, its translation into clinical benefit is yet to materialize. In this contribution, I reviewed and discussed how our current knowledge on the oncogenic mechanisms of FOXM1 could be exploited for clinical use as biomarker for risk prediction, early cancer screening, molecular diagnostics/prognostics, and/or companion diagnostics for personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muy-Teck Teh
- Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London London, UK
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22589
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Li FF, Chen FL, Wang H, Yu SB, Cui JH, Ding Y, Feng X. Proteomics based detection of differentially expressed proteins in human osteoblasts subjected to mechanical stress. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 91:109-15. [PMID: 23527640 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2012-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress is essential for bone development. Mechanical stimuli are transduced to biochemical signals that regulate proliferation, differentiation, and cytoskeletal reorganization in osteoblasts. In this study, we used proteomics to evaluate differences in the protein expression profiles of untreated Saos-2 osteoblast cells and Saos-2 cells subjected to mechanical stress loading. Using 2-D electrophoresis, MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy, and bioinformatics, we identified a total of 26 proteins differentially expressed in stress loaded cells compared with control cells. Stress loaded Saos-2 cells exhibited significant upregulation of 17 proteins and significant downregulation of 9 proteins compared with control cells. Proteins that were most significantly upregulated in mechanically loaded cells included those regulating osteogenesis, energy metabolism, and the stress response, such as eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (12-fold), mitochondrial ATP synthase (8-fold), and peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A)-like 3 (6.5-fold). Among the proteins that were significantly downregulated were those involved in specific signaling pathways and cell proliferation, such as protein phosphatase regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 12B (13.8-fold), l-lactate dehydrogenase B (9.4-fold), Chain B proteasome activator Reg (Alpha) PA28 (7.7-fold), and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (6.9-fold). Our results provide a platform to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032 Shannxi Province, China
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22590
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Abstract
Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has been recognized as the direct cause of cervical carcinoma. Therefore, detection and genotyping of HPV are important to cervical-cancer screening. In this study, we have evaluated the efficacy of flow-through hybridization and gene chip (HybriMax) on HPV genotyping through comparison of the results with Hybrid Capture II (HC-II) and in situ hybridization (ISH). 591 women were classified into 6 groups according to their histological diagnoses. The overall accordance rate on 13 types of HPV genotypes between HybriMax and HC-II were 92.5% and 100% in the cancer group. The overall accordance was excellent with the Kappa index (KI) of 0.814. The value of KI in each group was 0.750 (normal cytological diagnosis), 0.781 (chronic cervicitis), 0.80 (condyloma acuminatum), 0.755 (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I), 0.723 (CIN II), and 0.547 (CIN III) (0.75 > KI > 0.4, good; KI ≥ 0.75, excellent). The 10 most common HPV subtype detected by HybriMax were 16, 52/58, 18, 33, 31, 81, 53, 68, and 66 in patients, and 16, 68, 18, 52, 58, 11, 53, 31/39, and 33 in normal controls. In conclusion, HybriMax is an efficient method for HPV genotyping and more suitable for clinical use.
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22591
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Schäfer C, Rymarczyk G, Ding L, Kirber MT, Bolotina VM. Role of molecular determinants of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (Orai1, phospholipase A2 group 6, and STIM1) in focal adhesion formation and cell migration. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:40745-57. [PMID: 23043102 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.407155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Store-operated Ca(2+) entry is important for cell migration. RESULTS This study presents characterization of localization and roles of Orai1, STIM1, and PLA2g6 in adhesion dynamics during cell migration. CONCLUSION Orai1 and PLA2g6 are involved in adhesion formation at the front, whereas STIM1 participates in both adhesion formation and disassembly. SIGNIFICANCE Results uncovered new parameters of Orai1, STIM1, and PLA2g6 involvement in cell migration. Store-operated Ca(2+) entry and its major determinants are known to be important for cell migration, but the mechanism of their involvement in this complex process is unknown. This study presents a detailed characterization of distinct roles of Orai1, STIM1, and PLA2g6 in focal adhesion (FA) formation and migration. Using HEK293 cells, we discovered that although molecular knockdown of Orai1, STIM1, or PLA2g6 resulted in a similar reduction in migration velocity, there were profound differences in their effects on number, localization, and lifetime of FAs. Knockdown of STIM1 caused an increase in lifetime and number of FAs, their redistribution toward lamellae region, and an increase in cell tail length. In contrast, the number of FAs in Orai1- or PLA2g6-deficient cells was significantly reduced, and FAs accumulated closer to the leading edge. Assembly rate and Vinculin phosphorylation of FAs was similarly reduced in Orai1, PLA2g6, or STIM1-deficient cells. Although Orai1 and PLA2g6 accumulated and co-localized at the leading edge, STIM1 distribution was more complex. We found STIM1 protrusions in lamellipodia, which co-localized with FAs, whereas major accumulation could be seen in central and retracting parts of the cell. Interestingly, knockdown of Orai1 and PLA2g6 produced similar and non-additive effect on migration, whereas knockdown of STIM1 simultaneously with either Orai1 or PLA2g6 produced additional inhibition. Together these data suggest that although Orai1, PLA2g6, and STIM1 play major roles in formation of new FAs at the leading edge, STIM1 may also be involved in Orai1- and PLA2g6-independent disassembly of FAs in the back of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schäfer
- Ion Channel and Calcium Signaling Unit, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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22592
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Liu Y, Templeton DM. Involvement of CaMK-IIδ and gelsolin in Cd2+-dependent cytoskeletal effects in mesangial cells. J Cell Physiol 2012; 228:78-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22593
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Qu L, Li Y. Calcification of vestibular schwannoma: a case report and literature review. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:207. [PMID: 23031739 PMCID: PMC3499265 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcification rarely occurs in vestibular schwannoma (VS), and only seven cases of calcified VS have been reported in the literature. Here, we report a 48-year-old man with VS, who had a history of progressive left-sided hearing loss for 3 years. Neurological examination revealed that he had left-sided hearing loss and left cerebellar ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography angiography showed a mass with calcification in the left cerebellopontine angle (CPA). The tumor was successfully removed via suboccipital craniotomy, and postoperative histopathology showed that the tumor was a schwannoma. We reviewed seven cases of calcified VS that were previously reported in the literature, and we analyzed and summarized the characteristics of these tumors, including the calcification, texture, and blood supply. We conclude that calcification in VS is associated with its texture and blood supply, and these characteristics affect the surgical removal of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jinlu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Limei Qu
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yunqian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, 130021, China
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22594
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Castilho MDC, Oliveira CMCD, Gimaque JBDL, Leão JDT, Braga WSM. Epidemiology and molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus infection in isolated villages in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 87:768-74. [PMID: 22908032 PMCID: PMC3516333 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals from three isolated, rural communities in the western Brazilian Amazon were evaluated for serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, HBV genotype, and the presence of risk factors for infection and transmission. Of the 225 individuals studied, 79.1% had serological evidence of HBV infection; 10.2% individuals were chronic carriers for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg-positive). Analysis of risk factors indicates that HBV is transmitted mainly horizontally within the family from a chronic "active" carrier for hepatitis B "e" antigen (HBeAg-positive), though a strong possibility of vertical transmission remains. The predominance of HBV genotype F, with a higher genomic similarity between the isolates, indicated a relatively recent introduction of HBV, from a common source, to the area. This study sheds light on the HBV epidemiology in the Brazilian Amazon region and highlights the need for greater emphasis on HBV control and immunization programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia da Costa Castilho
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Gerência de Virologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Tropicais e Infecciosas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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22595
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McLeod DSA, Cooper DS. The incidence and prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity. Endocrine 2012; 42:252-65. [PMID: 22644837 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid gland is the most common organ affected by autoimmune disease. Other autoimmune diseases, most notably type 1 diabetes mellitus, are increasing in incidence. It is unknown whether autoimmune thyroid diseases are following the same pattern. This review summarizes studies of autoimmune thyroid disease incidence and prevalence since 1950, not only for these measures of occurrences, but also for commenting on identified risk factors for thyroid autoimmunity. We find that incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease is currently higher than in historic series although the studies are so variable in design, patient population, disease definition, and laboratory methods that it is impossible to tell whether this difference is real. Further research is required to assess the possibility of changing disease patterns of autoimmune thyroid disease as opposed to simple changes in diagnostic thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald S A McLeod
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Suite 333, 1830 E. Monument St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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22596
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Wang H, Liu Q, Wan D, Xiang J, Du L, Wang Y, Cao J, Fu Y, Fan F, Hecker M. BioDoser: improved dose-estimation software for biological radiation dosimetry. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 108:402-406. [PMID: 22503129 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces a software program that was developed with the aims to improve the efficiency and veracity of calibration curve fitting and data processing in radiation biological dosimetry and other biological experiments, and which is termed BioDoser. BioDoser uses least squares and loop testing of monotonicity method and algorithm of non-uniformed confidence interval. In addition, this program enables integration of multiple different biomarkers typically used in biological dosimetry. These include partial body exposure, minimum number of cells to be analyzed, G function correction modules that are helpful in dose estimation when using chromosome aberration frequencies, micronucleus rate, comet assay and other biological methods. The software is freely available at http://bit.ly/kKBSNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Radiation Hazard Evaluation, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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22597
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Wilhelm AJ, Major AS. Accelerated atherosclerosis in SLE: mechanisms and prevention approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 7:527-539. [PMID: 24672580 DOI: 10.2217/ijr.12.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-organ autoimmune disease characterized by increased serum autoantibody levels and tissue damage. With improved diagnosis and more effective treatment of the resultant kidney disease, accelerated atherosclerosis has become a major cause of morbidity in patients suffering from SLE. Although the exact mechanisms for SLE-accelerated atherosclerosis are unknown, multiple factors have been established as potential players in this process. Among these potential players are dysregulation of T and B cell populations and increased circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, SLE patients exhibit a proatherogenic lipid profile characterized by low HDL and high LDL and triglycerides. Recent therapeutic approaches have focused on targeting B cells, the producers of autoantibodies, but most studies do not consider the effects of these treatments on atherosclerosis. Evidence suggests that T cells play a major role in SLE-accelerated atherosclerosis. Therefore, therapies targeted at T cells may also prove invaluable in treating SLE and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Wilhelm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy S Major
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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22598
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Sensitization to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants in 2 patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy and alcoholic cardiomyopathy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 130:1001-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22599
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Smith GA, Isacson O, Dunnett SB. The search for genetic mouse models of prodromal Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2012; 237:267-73. [PMID: 22819262 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized and diagnosed by bradykinetic motor symptoms caused by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. The pathological and non-motor behavioral changes that occur prior to degeneration are less well characterized, although changes in gait, olfaction and cognition have been recognized in familial Parkinson's disease subjects. Gene mutations associated familial Parkinson's disease give rise to mitochondrial changes, altered energy homeostasis and intracellular trafficking deficits, and these can be modeled in transgenic mice. Here we discuss the recent finding of prodromal behavioral disturbances in a PINK1 deficient mouse that manifest prior to dopaminergic cell death and correlate to 5-HT fiber losses and mitochondrial morphological changes. We discuss the representation of the PINK1 deficient mouse and other genetic models to accurately recapitulate early Parkinson's disease. Prodromal symptoms and underlying pathology modeled in mice and cell lines from human subjects may have wide implications for earlier diagnosis. Current and emerging therapies need to be tailored to target both early cognitive and late stage motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaynor A Smith
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, MA 02478, USA.
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22600
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Xu XQ, Wang ZH, Liao JX, Chen XY, Liu WZ, Xiao SD, Lu H. Predictive value of neutrophil infiltration as a marker of Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5101-5. [PMID: 23049221 PMCID: PMC3460339 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i36.5101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the predictive value of neutrophil infiltration as a marker of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection.
METHODS: A total of 315 patients with dyspepsia symptoms who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled in this study. Biopsies were evaluated using the updated Sydney system. The medication history of all patients in the preceding 4 wk was recorded. The diagnosis of H. pylori infection was based on 13C-urea breath test at least 4 wk after withdrawal of antisecretory drugs, antibiotics and related drugs. For the patients with subtotal gastrectomy, the diagnosis of H. pylori infection was based on anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. Serum anti-H. pylori IgG antibody was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (Biohit, Finland).
RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of neutrophil infiltration in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection were 92.3%, 83.5%, 77.4% and 94.7%, respectively. Neutrophil infiltration of gastric mucosa in the histological analysis was strongly associated with H. pylori infection (77.4% vs 5.3% in the neutrophil infiltration negative group, P = 0.000). Moderate neutrophil infiltration was more frequent in H. pylori infection when compared to mild infiltration (81.8% and 75%, respectively), but did not reach statistical significance. For those patients with negative rapid urease test, H. pylori was detected in 73.2% of patients with positive neutrophil infiltration on histology. In patients with subtotal gastrectomy, the diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil infiltration in H. pylori infection was 50%.
CONCLUSION: Neutrophil infiltration is closely associated with H. pylori and may be recognized as a sign of this infection.
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