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Monreal A, Eze AN, Kazaure HS. Presentation and management of medullary thyroid cancer by sex and race/ethnicity in the United States-A state of disunion. Am J Surg 2024; 234:17-18. [PMID: 38644135 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Monreal
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anthony N Eze
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hadiza S Kazaure
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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202
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Bapat N, Ferraro T, Esper L, Joshi AS, Haroun F, Baldwin CK. Treatment of Unresectable BRAF V600E, TERT-Mutated Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Cancer With Dabrafenib and Trametinib. JCEM CASE REPORTS 2024; 2:luae112. [PMID: 39081697 PMCID: PMC11288368 DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Complete surgical resection of differentiated papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is associated with an excellent prognosis. However, for locally invasive PTC, disease-specific morbidity and mortality increases when microscopic margin negative resection (R0) or complete macroscopic resection (R1) is not feasible. Neoadjuvant dabrafenib and trametinib (DT) used in BRAF V600E-positive, unresectable anaplastic thyroid cancer has allowed for R0 or R1 resection and improved survival rates. We demonstrate feasibility of using neoadjuvant DT in a patient with BRAF V600E and TERT-mutated PTC for whom R0/R1 resection was initially aborted due to predicted unacceptable morbidity. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant DT for 5 months, at which time disease was undetectable on imaging with near resolution on final pathology; however, subsequent rapid recurrence after discontinuation of neoadjuvant DT occurred. Neoadjuvant DT offers promise in future cohorts of patients with locally invasive BRAF V600E and TERT-mutated PTC for whom neoadjuvant therapy can reduce surgical morbidity while still allowing for R0/R1 resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bapat
- Department of Endocrinology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Tatiana Ferraro
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Layal Esper
- Department of Endocrinology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Arjun S Joshi
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Faysal Haroun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Chelsey K Baldwin
- Department of Endocrinology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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203
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Hamel C, Avard B, Campbell R, Kontolemos M, Murphy A. Canadian Association of Radiologists Head and Neck Imaging Referral Guideline. Can Assoc Radiol J 2024; 75:473-478. [PMID: 38189303 DOI: 10.1177/08465371231217212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) Head and Neck Expert Panel consists of radiologists, a laryngologist and laryngeal surgeon, a patient advisor, and an epidemiologist/guideline methodologist. After developing a list of 11 clinical/diagnostic scenarios, a systematic rapid scoping review was undertaken to identify systematically produced referral guidelines that provide recommendations for one or more of these clinical/diagnostic scenarios. Recommendations from 17 guidelines and contextualization criteria in the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) for guidelines framework were used to develop 26 recommendation statements across the 11 scenarios. This guideline presents the methods of development and the referral recommendations for sinus disease, tinnitus, thyroid and parathyroid disease, neck mass of unknown origin, acute sialadenitis, chronic salivary conditions, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candyce Hamel
- Canadian Association of Radiologists, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Barb Avard
- North York General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ross Campbell
- Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Amanda Murphy
- North York General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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204
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Rahmanipour E, Askari E, Ghorbani M, Mirzaei M, Rahimi B, Daskareh M, Mirshahvalad SA. Eye-Related Adverse Events After I-131 Radioiodine Therapy: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature. Endocr Pract 2024; 30:770-778. [PMID: 38697307 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although I-131 is relatively safe, there is limited focus on probable eye-related side effects after radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. Thus, we aimed to provide evidence for the adverse outcomes of I-131, exclusively in patients with thyroid cancer. METHODS A systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was designed to examine the ocular complications of RAI therapy. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched until October 2023 with specific thyroid neoplasms, ophthalmology and iodine terms. After thorough screening and review, relevant data were extracted. RESULTS The database search yielded 3434 articles, which resulted in the final 28 eligible studies. These studies investigated ophthalmic symptoms following RAI therapy, classifying them as obstructive diseases (for example, nasolacrimal duct obstruction; median incidence rate: 6.8%), inflammatory symptoms (median incidence rate: 13%), and cataracts (median incidence rate: 2.5 and 5%). The most common time interval between RAI therapy and the onset of symptoms was within the first 12 months and then declined in the preceding years. A strong positive correlation was observed between higher I-131 doses of more than 100 to 150 mCi (3.7-5.55 GBq) and the risk of symptom development. Ages older than 45 also showed a significant association with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. CONCLUSION The risk of ophthalmic complications is associated with various factors, including the administration of high I-131 doses, age of more than 45 years, and time to event within the first 12 months. Considering these conditions may help enhance patient care and prevent adverse outcomes that may limit patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Rahmanipour
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Emran Askari
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mirzaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behrooz Rahimi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mahyar Daskareh
- Department of Radiology, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mirshahvalad
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Mount Sinai Hospital & Women's College Hospital, University Medical Imaging Toronto (UMIT), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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205
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Revathy A, Sekhar SR, Gopalakrishnan Nair C, R Menon R, Jacob P, J.C. Babu M, Vasudevan Pillai A. Prophylactic Central Compartment Dissection on the Long-Term Outcome of Advanced (N0-T3/T4) Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:3256-3260. [PMID: 39130266 PMCID: PMC11306435 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-024-04660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To see whether prophylactic central compartment dissection is recommended for advanced papillary thyroid cancer or as part of selective neck node dissection. Central compartment dissection is a technically demanding surgical procedure and carries a higher incidence of complications. The present retrospective case-control study analysed the impact of prophylactic central compartment dissection on the long-term outcome of advanced (N0-T3/T4) papillary thyroid cancer. Materials and methods Case records of patients operated on for papillary thyroid cancer from 2005 to 2010 were reviewed and patients with Tumour stage 3-4 and N0 nodal status were included in the study. The institutional protocol was to perform total thyroidectomy with central compartment dissection during the early phase of the study period (2005 to 2008) but this strategy was shifted to total thyroidectomy alone during the latter phase. Fifty-five patients were included in the study and 29 of the cohort had total thyroidectomy with prophylactic central compartment dissection as the primary surgery and the remaining 26 had a total thyroidectomy as the primary surgical procedure. Result Patients were followed up for a median duration of 115 months and found to have no significant difference in the incidences of loco-regional recurrences between the groups. (n:4 (14%) Vs n: 3 (12%) p = .463). The disease-free survival and overall survival were not significantly different in the groups. There was a trend to an increase in the incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism in patients who had central compartment dissection. Conclusion Prophylactic central compartment dissection did not influence the 10-year outcome of advanced node-negative papillary thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.K. Revathy
- Dept. of General Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Flat No 15 C, Kent Palm Grove 2, Stadium Link Road, Opp. IMA House, Palarivattom P.O., Kochi, 682041 Kerala India
| | - Sidhu R Sekhar
- Dept. of General Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Flat No 15 C, Kent Palm Grove 2, Stadium Link Road, Opp. IMA House, Palarivattom P.O., Kochi, 682041 Kerala India
| | - C. Gopalakrishnan Nair
- Dept. of General Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Flat No 15 C, Kent Palm Grove 2, Stadium Link Road, Opp. IMA House, Palarivattom P.O., Kochi, 682041 Kerala India
| | - Riju R Menon
- Dept. of General Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Flat No 15 C, Kent Palm Grove 2, Stadium Link Road, Opp. IMA House, Palarivattom P.O., Kochi, 682041 Kerala India
| | - Pradeep Jacob
- Dept. of General Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Flat No 15 C, Kent Palm Grove 2, Stadium Link Road, Opp. IMA House, Palarivattom P.O., Kochi, 682041 Kerala India
| | - Misha J.C. Babu
- Dept. of General Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Flat No 15 C, Kent Palm Grove 2, Stadium Link Road, Opp. IMA House, Palarivattom P.O., Kochi, 682041 Kerala India
| | - Anoop Vasudevan Pillai
- Dept. of General Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Flat No 15 C, Kent Palm Grove 2, Stadium Link Road, Opp. IMA House, Palarivattom P.O., Kochi, 682041 Kerala India
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206
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Xu T, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Song F, Huang P. Ophiopogonin D' inhibited tumour growth and metastasis of anaplastic thyroid cancer by modulating JUN/RGS4 signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e70014. [PMID: 39153211 PMCID: PMC11330285 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.70014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), an aggressive malignancy with virtually 100% disease-specific mortality, has long posed a formidable challenge in oncology due to its resistance to conventional treatments and the severe side effects associated with current regimens such as doxorubicin chemotherapy. Consequently, there was urgent need to identify novel candidate compounds that could provide innovative therapeutic strategies for ATC. Ophiopogonin D' (OPD'), a triterpenoid saponin extracted, yet its roles in ATC has not been reported. Our data demonstrated that OPD' potently inhibited proliferation and metastasis of ATC cells, promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Remarkably, OPD' impeded growth and metastasis of ATC in vitro and in vivo, displaying an encouraging safety profile. Regulator of G-protein signalling 4 (RGS4) expression was significantly up-regulated in ATC compared to normal tissues, and this upregulation was suppressed by OPD' treatment. Mechanistically, we elucidated that the transcription factor JUN bound to the RGS4 promoter, driving its transactivation. However, OPD' interacted with JUN, attenuating its transcriptional activity and thereby disrupting RGS4 overexpression. In summary, our research revealed that OPD' bound with JUN, which in turn resulted in the suppression of transcriptional activation of RGS4, thereby eliciting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ATC cells. These findings could offer promise in the development of high-quality candidate compounds for treatment in ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Feifeng Song
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of PharmacyZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Clinical Research Center for Cancer of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiangChina
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207
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Yoshimoto K, Satoh S, Shindo H, Katsuyama K, Tatsushima D, Fukuda T, Tachibana S, Mori Y, Takahashi H, Nagayama Y, Yamashita H. Important Role of Ultrasonography Immediately After Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules to Detect Acute Transient Thyroid Swelling. Cureus 2024; 16:e67033. [PMID: 39280362 PMCID: PMC11402499 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether early detection of acute transient thyroid swelling (ATTS) is possible using ultrasonography (US) surveillance immediately after fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and discuss the usefulness of routine US after FNAB. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the incidence, clinical features, and US and computed tomography findings of ATTS in patients with thyroid nodules who underwent FNABs at our hospital. The study period was divided into two time periods: only symptomatic patients after FNAB were examined using US in the first period (period A: January 2016 to November 2020), whereas all patients were routinely examined using US shortly after FNAB in the second period (period B: December 2020 to December 2022). RESULTS We found that the frequency of ATTS increased from 0.18% (10/5,685) in period A to 1.58% (31/1,958) in period B because the majority of ATTS cases in period B were asymptomatic. Follow-up US performed 15 minutes to 3 hours later confirmed no exacerbation of thyroid swelling in patients diagnosed with ATTS during period B. Routine US examinations, shortly after FNAB, significantly reduced the number of return visits after discharge (from 5/10 to 2/31, p=0.006). Furthermore, the incidence of unilateral swelling was higher than previously reported. CONCLUSION Routine US examinations shortly after FNAB may be useful in identifying ATTS regardless of the presence of symptoms; moreover, they may reduce patients' return visits after leaving the hospital. It is also important to inform patients that delayed complications are possible and that severe cases, although rare, do exist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shinya Satoh
- Department of Surgery, Yamashita Thyroid Hospital, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Hisakazu Shindo
- Department of Surgery, Yamashita Thyroid Hospital, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Kento Katsuyama
- Department of Surgery, Yamashita Thyroid Hospital, Fukuoka, JPN
| | | | - Takashi Fukuda
- Department of Endocrinology, Yamashita Thyroid Hospital, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Seigo Tachibana
- Department of Endocrinology, Yamashita Thyroid Hospital, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Yusuke Mori
- Department of Surgery, Yamashita Thyroid Hospital, Fukuoka, JPN
| | | | - Yuji Nagayama
- Department of Endocrinology, Yamashita Thyroid Hospital, Fukuoka, JPN
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208
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Lee IA, Kim M, Kim JK, Lee CR, Kang SW, Jeong JJ, Nam KH, Chung WY. Minimally Invasive Open Bilateral Total Thyroidectomy Using Unilateral Neck Incision in Thyroid Cancer: Preliminary Surgical and Quality of Life Outcomes. Yonsei Med J 2024; 65:448-455. [PMID: 39048320 PMCID: PMC11284307 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid cancer incidence has increased in recent decades, and thyroid surgery is continuously evolving in response to demands for postoperative comfort and cosmesis. This study aimed to introduce a new surgical method for minimally invasive open bilateral total thyroidectomy (MI-BTT) using a unilateral 2.5-3.0 cm neck incision. Furthermore, we reported the surgical outcomes and postoperative quality of life (QoL) using a validated Korean translated Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 41 Asian patients who underwent MI-BTT for low-risk papillary thyroid cancer by a single surgeon from March 2019 to December 2021. RESULTS A total of 4 male and 37 female patients were included. The mean age and body mass index were 46.2±10.1 years and 23.3±3.3 kg/m², respectively. The average tumor size was 1.1±0.6 cm, and 36 patients (87.8%) had bilateral cancer. Twenty-three (56.1%) patients had occult central lymph node (CLN) metastasis in the final pathologic report, with the mean number of dissected CLNs being 7.2±6.5. Gross capsular extension was found in 6 patients (14.6%). Moreover, 28 patients (68.3%) received additional treatment after surgery with low or high doses of radioactive iodine. The average serum-stimulated thyroglobulin value identified during treatment was 1.57±2.30 ng/mL. The mean operation time was 78.0±13.9 minutes, and postoperative complications included transient hypocalcemia (36.6%), transient hoarseness (24.4%), and seroma (2.4%). The mean total DLQI score was 2.73±0.78, indicating a small effect on QoL. CONCLUSION MI-BTT is a novel, safe, and feasible technique to improve patient satisfaction for surgical scars and QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- In A Lee
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Gimpo Woori Hospital, Gimpo, Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kyong Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cho Rok Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Kang
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ju Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Hyun Nam
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Woong Youn Chung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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209
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Guzzetti L, Inversini D, Bacuzzi A. Anaesthesia for thyroid and parathyroid surgery. BJA Educ 2024; 24:270-276. [PMID: 39099753 PMCID: PMC11293567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Guzzetti
- University Hospital Varese ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - D. Inversini
- University Hospital Varese ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - A. Bacuzzi
- University Hospital Varese ASST Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
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210
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Buchanan AH, Lennon AM, Choudhry OA, Elias PZ, Rego SP, Sadler JR, Roberta J, Zhang Y, Flake DD, Salvati ZM, Wagner ES, Fishman EK, Papadopoulos N, Beer TM. Multiyear Clinical Outcomes of Cancers Diagnosed Following Detection by a Blood-Based Multicancer Early Detection Test. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2024; 17:349-353. [PMID: 38819783 PMCID: PMC11292316 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-24-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In the US, <20% of cancers are diagnosed by standard-of-care (SoC) screening. Multicancer early detection (MCED) tests offer the opportunity to expand cancer screening. Understanding the characteristics and clinical outcomes of MCED-detected cancers is critical to clarifying MCED tests' potential impact. DETECT-A is the first prospective interventional trial of an MCED blood test (CancerSEEK). CancerSEEK, coupled with diagnostic PET-CT, identified cancers including those not detected by SoC screening, the majority of which were localized or regional. We report multiyear outcomes in patients with cancers diagnosed following a positive CancerSEEK test. Nine cancer types were diagnosed in 26 participants whose cancers were first detected by CancerSEEK. Information on cancer diagnoses, treatments, and clinical outcomes was extracted from medical records through November 2022. Data collection occurred at a median of 4.4 years (IQR: 4.1-4.6) following study enrollment. Thirteen of 26 (50%) participants were alive and cancer-free [ovarian (4), thyroid (1), uterine (2), breast (1), colorectal (2), and lung (3)]; 7/13 (54%) had cancers without recommended SoC screening modalities. All eight treated stage I or II participants (8/8, 100%) and 12/14 (86%) surgically treated participants were alive and cancer-free. Eligibility for surgical treatment was associated with favorable multiyear outcomes (P = 0.0002). Half of participants with MCED-detected cancers were alive and cancer-free after 4.4 years median follow-up. Most were diagnosed with early-stage cancers and were treated surgically. These results suggest that early cancer detection by CancerSEEK may have facilitated curative-intent treatments and associated positive clinical outcomes in some DETECT-A participants. Prevention Relevance: This study provides preliminary evidence of the potential of multicancer early detection testing as an effective screening tool for detecting cancers without standard-of-care (SoC) screening modalities and complementing SoC cancer screening.
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211
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Romero-Velez G, Sehnem L, Noureldine SI, Plitt G, Panagiotis B, Shin J, Siperstein A. Progression of Nodular Thyroid Disease in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Syndrome: Refined Surveillance Recommendations. Endocr Pract 2024; 30:726-730. [PMID: 38782203 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) have an increased risk of thyroid nodular disease. Previous studies demonstrated that screening thyroid ultrasound (US) will allow detection of nodules in 38% and thyroid cancer in 2.6% of patients. The aim of this study is to define the value of serial US evaluation at identifying disease progression in patients with FAP. METHODS Retrospective review from 2008 to 2023 at a single referral center. All patients with FAP and screening thyroid US were included. Patient demographics, initial US characteristics, follow-up regarding the development of new nodules and cancer were assessed using a Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS A total of 556 patients underwent screening. Fifty percent were male. Median age at first screening was 38 year old. Eighty percent underwent longitudinal follow-up for a median length of 7 years. At initial screening, 169 patients (30%) had nodules. For patients with normal baseline US, 14% developed a nodule overtime. A total of 20 patients (3.6%) were diagnosed with thyroid cancer. The cumulative incidence of initial and subsequent cancer was 4% by 5 years and 6% by 10 years, while the cumulative incidence of thyroid nodules was 40% and 48%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Based on the Kaplan-Meier analysis, ongoing longitudinal screening is warranted for patients with FAP as they are prone to thyroid cancer and nodule development overtime even when presenting with a baseline normal US. Additionally, these data demonstrate a slow development of thyroid cancer from a normal US, thus it is reasonable to consider selectively extending the screening interval for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludovico Sehnem
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Salem I Noureldine
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gilman Plitt
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Joyce Shin
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Allan Siperstein
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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212
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Zhang S, Liu R, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Wang Y, Wang S, Ma N, Ren J. Ultrasound-Base Radiomics for Discerning Lymph Node Metastasis in Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:3118-3130. [PMID: 38555183 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice for preoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in thyroid cancer (TC), yet its efficacy remains suboptimal. As radiomics gains traction in tumor diagnosis, its integration with ultrasound for LNM differentiation in TC has emerged, but its diagnostic merit is debated. This study assesses the accuracy of ultrasound-integrated radiomics in preoperatively diagnosing LNM in TC. METHODS Literatures were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science until July 11, 2023. Quality of the studies was assessed by the radiomics quality score (RQS). A meta-analysis was executed using a bivariate mixed effects model, with a subgroup analysis based on modeling variables (clinical features, radiomics features, or their combination). RESULTS Among 27 articles (16,410 TC patients, 6356 with LNM), the average RQS was 16.5 (SD:5.47). Sensitivity of the models based on clinical features, radiomics features, and radiomics features plus clinical features were 0.64, 0.76 and 0.69. Specificities were 0.77, 0.78 and 0.82. SROC values were 0.76, 0.84 and 0.81. CONCLUSION Ultrasound-based radiomics effectively evaluates LNM in TC preoperatively. Adding clinical features does not notably enhance the model's performance. Some radiomics studies showed high bias, possibly due to the absence of standard application guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Zhang
- Department of Sonography, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Sonography, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of Sonography, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Department of Sonography, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mengpu Li
- Department of Sonography, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Sonography, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Sonography, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Na Ma
- Department of Sonography, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junhong Ren
- Department of Sonography, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China; Department of Sonography, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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213
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Shang Z, Fang C, Luo G, Lang X, Zhang X. Gender difference in the relationship between clinical symptoms, thyroid hormones, and metabolic parameters in young, first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients with suicide attempts: A network analysis perspective. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 176:411-421. [PMID: 38959824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide attempts are one of the most serious comorbidities in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and the prevalence of suicide attempts is higher in younger people compared to older people, with significant gender differences. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between suicide attempts, clinical symptoms, thyroid hormones, and metabolic parameters in young first-episode and drug-naïve (FEND) MDD patients of different genders. METHODS A total of 1289 FEND MDD patients were recruited. Depression, anxiety, and psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale, respectively. Thyroid hormones and glucolipid metabolism indicators were also tested. Network analysis was employed to delineate the interplay between thyroid dysfunction, clinical symptoms, and metabolic disorders. RESULTS Among young FEND MDD patients, the rate of suicide attempts was 17.4% in males and 19.8% in females, showing no significant gender difference in the incidence of suicide attempts (χ2 = 1.06, p = 0.303). In the network model, PANSS positive subscale (Expected Influence = 0.578) and HAMD scores (Expected Influence = 0.576) were identified as the individual symptoms that most affected male patients, whereas TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) (Expected Influence = 0.972) and PANSS positive subscale (Expected Influence = 0.937) were identified as the individual symptoms that most affected female patients. In addition, we found that TSH (Expected Influence = 0.438) was a pivotal node connecting metabolic disturbances and clinical symptoms. CONCLUSION Our findings emphasize the important role of psychotic symptoms in young MDD patients with suicide attempts. Moreover, our results highlight the pivotal role of serum TSH levels in the pathophysiology of young female MDD patients with suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhaoXuan Shang
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - ChunQing Fang
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - GuoShuai Luo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - XiaoE Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - XiangYang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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214
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Ferrari SM, Patrizio A, Stoppini G, Elia G, Ragusa F, Balestri E, Botrini C, Rugani L, Barozzi E, Mazzi V, La Motta C, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Recent advances in the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors against thyroid cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:1667-1676. [PMID: 39161995 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2393281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oncogenic tyrosine kinases (TK) are enzymes that play a key role in cell growth and proliferation and their mutations can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and development of aggressive cancer. This knowledge has led to the development of new classes of drugs, Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). They target oncogenic kinases who are associated with advanced radioactive iodine (RAI) refractory TC, which is not able to uptake RAI anymore and/or still grows between consecutive treatments with Iodine 131 (I131). AREAS COVERED Since Lenvatinib and Sorafenib approval, several other molecular inhibitors have been studied and then introduced for the treatment of aggressive and refractory thyroid cancer (TC), and, although the development of adverse effects or tumor resistance mechanisms, more and more compounds are still under investigation. The literature search was executed in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify relevant articles and clinical trials published until December 2023. EXPERT OPINION In the context of clinical trials, driven by the presence of specific molecular mutations or even in the absence of both conditions, systemic therapy TKIs are valuable weapons to be used in patients affected by aggressive forms of TC, waiting for further expansion of the treatment landscape with more efficacious and safer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Stoppini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenia Balestri
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Botrini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Licia Rugani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilio Barozzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Mazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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215
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Frye CC, Brown TC, Olson JA. Evaluation and Surgical Management of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias. Surg Clin North Am 2024; 104:909-928. [PMID: 38944508 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are rare autosomal dominant diseases that are associated with a mixture of both endocrine and non-endocrine tumors. Traditionally, there are 2 types of MEN that have unique clinical associations: MEN 1 (parathyroid hyperplasia, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and pituitary tumors) and MEN 2 (medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma), which is further classified into MEN 2A (adds parathyroid adenomas) and 2B (adds ganglioneuromas and marfanoid habitus). Many of the endocrine tumors are resected surgically, and the pre, intra, and postoperative management strategies used must take into account the high recurrence rates asscioated with MEN tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Corbin Frye
- Department of Surgery, General Surgery Resident, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Taylor C Brown
- Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Assistant Professor, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John A Olson
- Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Chair and Professor, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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216
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Abraham PJ, Lindeman BM. Management of Incidental Thyroid Nodules. Surg Clin North Am 2024; 104:711-723. [PMID: 38944493 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid nodules are widely prevalent, and often discovered incidentally. Malignancy rates are low for incidental thyroid nodules, and overall outcomes are favorable regardless of diagnosis. Patients with thyroid nodules should be evaluated with TSH levels followed by ultrasound of the thyroid and cervical lymph nodes. It is important to recognize sonographic features suspicious for thyroid malignancy and obtain biopsies when indicated according to major society guidelines. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology along with molecular testing can help guide management decisions regarding thyroid nodules. Surgical resection and other emerging technologies are safe and effective for the treatment of thyroid nodules needing intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Abraham
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1808 7th Avenue S, Boshell Diabetes Building, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Brenessa M Lindeman
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1808 7th Avenue S, Boshell Diabetes Building, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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217
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Kalva S, Ginzberg SP, Passman JE, Soegaard Ballester JM, Finn CB, Fraker DL, Kelz RR, Wachtel H. Sex differences and racial/ethnic disparities in the presentation and treatment of medullary thyroid cancer. Am J Surg 2024; 234:19-25. [PMID: 38365554 PMCID: PMC11223966 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed for disparities in the presentation and management of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). METHODS Patients with MTC (2010-2020) were identified from the National Cancer Database. Differences in disease presentation and likelihood of guideline-concordant surgical management (total thyroidectomy and resection of ≥1 lymph node) were assessed by sex and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Of 6154 patients, 68.2% underwent guideline-concordant surgery. Tumors >4 cm were more likely in men (vs. women: OR 2.47, p < 0.001) and Hispanic patients (vs. White patients: OR 1.52, p = 0.001). Non-White patients were more likely to have distant metastases (Black: OR 1.63, p = 0.002; Hispanic: OR 1.44, p = 0.038) and experienced longer time to surgery (Black: HR 0.66, p < 0.001; Hispanic: HR 0.71, p < 0.001). Black patients were less likely to undergo guideline-concordant surgery (OR 0.70, p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Male and non-White patients with MTC more frequently present with advanced disease, and Black patients are less likely to undergo guideline-concordant surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiesh Kalva
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sara P Ginzberg
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 4 Silverstein Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Penn Center for Cancer Care Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, 3641 Locust Walk #210, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Jesse E Passman
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 4 Silverstein Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, 3641 Locust Walk #210, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Soegaard Ballester
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 4 Silverstein Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Caitlin B Finn
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 E. 68th Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Douglas L Fraker
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 4 Silverstein Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rachel R Kelz
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 4 Silverstein Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, 3641 Locust Walk #210, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Heather Wachtel
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 4 Silverstein Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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218
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Fei YL, Wei Y, Zhao ZL, Peng LL, Li Y, Cao SL, Wu J, Zhou HD, Yu MA. Efficacy and Safety of Thermal Ablation for Solitary Low-Risk T2N0M0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Korean J Radiol 2024; 25:756-766. [PMID: 39109502 PMCID: PMC11306000 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2023.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of thermal ablation in treating solitary low-risk T2N0M0 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and compare the outcomes of microwave ablation (MWA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective, single center study involved 34 patients (age: 40.0 ± 13.9 years; 28 female) who had low-risk T2N0M0 PTC with a maximum diameter >2 cm and ≤4 cm and underwent MWA (n = 15) or RFA (n = 19) from November 2016 to April 2023. The primary outcomes were the cumulative rate of disease progression and delayed surgery rates. In contrast, the secondary outcomes included changes in tumor size, cumulative rate of complete tumor disappearance, and complication rates. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 18.0 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 9.0-40.0 months). At 12 months, the median volume reduction rate of the ablation zone was 74.2% (IQR: 53.7%-86.0%). Disease progression was noted in two patients within 1 year, including one patient with local tumor progression post-RFA and one with a new tumor post-MWA, resulting in a constant cumulative disease progression rate of 8.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0%-19.8%) throughout the remaining follow-up period. Both patients were subsequently treated with additional ablation and did not require surgery. The cumulative rates of complete tumor disappearance at 1, 3, and 5 years were 4.0% (95% CI: 0%-11.4%), 26.8% (95% CI: 2.7%-44.9%), and 51.2% (95% CI: 0%-79.1%), respectively. No significant differences were observed in the disease progression (P = 0.829) or complete tumor disappearance (P = 0.633) rates between the MWA and RFA groups. Complications occurred in 14.7% (5/34) of patients presenting with transient hoarseness. RFA had a higher but not statistically significant complication rate than MWA did (21.1% [4/19] vs. 6.7% [1/15]; P = 0.355). CONCLUSION Both MWA and RFA demonstrated promising short-term outcomes in terms of efficacy and safety in treating solitary low-risk T2N0M0 PTC, with no significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Fei
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Long Zhao
- Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Peng
- Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Liang Cao
- Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Di Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-An Yu
- Department of Interventional Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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219
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Ma L. Characteristics and risk factors of cervical lymph node metastasis in cN0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma of the isthmus. Updates Surg 2024; 76:1413-1423. [PMID: 38530608 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-024-01760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The surgical resection range of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma of the isthmus (PTMCI) is controversial, and the guidelines do not fully guide the central lymph node dissection (CLND).We retrospectively studied the comparison of PTMCI (Group A, n = 65 cases) and non-PTMCI (Group B, n = 80 cases). Based on whether central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) was further detected, they were further divided into the PTMCI with CLNM (group C, n = 42 cases), the PTMCI without CLNM (group D, n = 23 cases), the non-PTMCI with CLNM (group E, n = 45 cases), the non-PTMCI without CLNM (group F, n = 35 cases). All patients underwent total thyroidectomy and CLND. The CLNM pathological examination was divided into right recurrent laryngeal nerve superficial lymph nodes (Right VI a), right recurrent laryngeal nerve deep lymph nodes (Right VI b), left VI area lymph nodes (Left VI), prelaryngeal lymph node, and pretracheal lymph node. The extent of lymph node metastasis and risk factors of PTMCI were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. The ROC curve was used to calculate the maximum diameter of the tumor and the Youden index was calculated to analyze the impact of diameter on the risk factors for CLNM in PTMCI. To construct a prediction model of transfer risk of high risk factors by Nomogram, there were significant differences in prelaryngeal lymph nodes (p = 0.034) and pretracheal lymph nodes ( n = 0.035) between group A and group B, and the risk factors of lymph node metastasis were tumor invasion (p = 0.003), multifocality (p = 0.001), and the maximum tumor diameter≧6.5 mm. PTMCI is more prone to metastasis of pretracheal lymph nodes and prelaryngeal lymph nodes, and the presence of tumor invasion, multifocality, and tumor diameter≧6.5 mm are high risk factors for metastasis in PTMCI. According to the prediction model, with all risk factors the risk of cervical lymph node metastasis is up to 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Ma
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Cancer Institute, Sichuan Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology School of Medicine, No. 55 Section4, Renming South Road, Chengdu, China.
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220
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Horváth L, Mráz M, Jude EB, Haluzík M. Pharmacotherapy as an Augmentation to Bariatric Surgery for Obesity. Drugs 2024; 84:933-952. [PMID: 38970626 PMCID: PMC11343883 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-024-02029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
A global obesity pandemic is one of the most significant health threats worldwide owing to its close association with numerous comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart failure, cancer and many others. Obesity and its comorbidities lead to a higher rate of cardiovascular complications, heart failure and increased cardiovascular and overall mortality. Bariatric surgery is at present the most potent therapy for obesity, inducing a significant weight loss in the majority of patients. In the long-term, a substantial proportion of patients after bariatric surgery experience a gradual weight regain that may, in some, reach up to a presurgical body weight. As a result, anti-obesity pharmacotherapy may be needed in some patients after bariatric surgery to prevent the weight regain or to further potentiate weight loss. This article provides an overview of the use of anti-obesity medications as an augmentation to bariatric surgery for obesity. Despite relatively limited published data, it can be concluded that anti-obesity medication can serve as an effective adjunct therapy to bariatric surgery to help boost post-bariatric weight loss or prevent weight regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luděk Horváth
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Mráz
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Edward B Jude
- Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton-under-Lyne and University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Martin Haluzík
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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221
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Sakai Y, Nakayama Y, Kurasawa S, Sado T, Kato S, Hidaka N, Takamizawa S, Yoshizawa K, Yoshimaru K, Taguchi T. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B diagnosed after small intestinal volvulus with progressive megacolon in an adolescent. Clin J Gastroenterol 2024; 17:640-646. [PMID: 38753051 PMCID: PMC11284186 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-024-01979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/29/2024]
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by the presence of medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, Marfan-like fatigue, a peculiar face with thickening of the lips, mucosal neuromas on the lips and tongue, and gastrointestinal phenomena. Most patients harbor pathological variants of the RET gene. Herein, we present the first case of a 14 year-old boy who experienced small intestinal volvulus along with a megacolon, and he was diagnosed with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B. The patient complained of constipation since he was 2 years old and slowly progressive abdominal distension at school age. At 14 years of age, he presented with remarkable megacolon mimicking Hirschsprung's disease and complicated with small intestinal volvulus. The volvulus was successfully repaired, and the particularly dilated transverse colon was resected following a rectal biopsy. Histopathological evaluation of the resected transverse colon revealed to be compatible with ganglioneuromatosis. After emergency surgery, the patient was diagnosed with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B with medullary thyroid carcinoma, and a de novo variant of RET was confirmed. Gastroenterologists should consider it when treating patients with constipation, especially those with megacolon. Therefore, timely diagnosis may lead to appropriate treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma and improve mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nakayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Shingo Kurasawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Sado
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Sawako Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Nao Hidaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shigeru Takamizawa
- Department of Surgery, Nagano Children's Hospital, 3100 Toyoshina, Azumino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Katsumi Yoshizawa
- Department of Surgery, Nagano Children's Hospital, 3100 Toyoshina, Azumino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Koichiro Yoshimaru
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Taguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Fukuoka College of Health Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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222
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Pusztaszeri MP, Saieg M, Baloch ZW. Risks of malignancy in the major nongynecologic cytopathology reporting systems: Critiques and discussions. Cancer Cytopathol 2024; 132:467-480. [PMID: 38552002 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The ever-increasing popularity of standardized systems for reporting cytopathology has led in part to much attention to and importance of the risk stratification schemes, especially the risks of malignancy (ROMs), which are associated with the different diagnostic categories and upon which recommendations for clinical management are based. However, it is well known that the ROM calculations are based on retrospective reviews of the existing literature, representing a heterogeneous patient population, and are plagued by significant biases and variations. Statistically, the ROM represents the post-test probability of malignancy, which changes with the test result and with the prevalence of malignancy (or pretest probability) in an individual practice setting and individual patient presentation. Therefore, the clinical utility of the ROM is questioned and likely needs a second look in the nongynecologic cytopathology reporting systems. In this communication, the authors discuss the status of the ROM estimates according to the most commonly used nongynecologic reporting systems, including for thyroid, salivary glands, and others, highlighting similarities and differences with a focus on the limitations of ROM estimates and their application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Saieg
- Santa Casa Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zubair W Baloch
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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223
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Minaldi E, Cappagli V, Lorusso L, Valerio L, Giani C, Viglione M, Agate L, Molinaro E, Matrone A, Elisei R. Hand-foot syndrome in sorafenib and lenvatinib treatment for advanced thyroid cancer. Eur Thyroid J 2024; 13:e240009. [PMID: 38954633 PMCID: PMC11301531 DOI: 10.1530/etj-24-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the clinical impact of hand-foot syndrome (HFS) during treatment with two multikinase inhibitors, sorafenib and lenvatinib, in a large group of patients with advanced thyroid cancer. Moreover, we looked for possible associations between HFS occurrence and clinical and pathological features. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 239 patients with advanced thyroid cancer: 165 treated with lenvatinib and 74 with sorafenib. Statistical analyses were performed to verify which features could be correlated with HFS development. Results HFS was observed in 35/74 (47.4%) and in 43/165 (26.7%) patients treated with sorafenib or lenvatinib, respectively. The median latency from the drug beginning and HFS appearance was 27 days for sorafenib and 2.9 months for lenvatinib. G3/G4 toxicity was observed in 16/35 (45.7%) patients treated with sorafenib and only in 3/43 (7%) treated with lenvatinib. Drug dose reduction due to HFS was required in 19/74 (25.7%) and 3/165 (1.8%) patients treated with sorafenib and lenvatinib, respectively. HFS occurrence was significantly associated with a longer duration of therapy in both groups. Conclusion HFS was a frequent adverse event during both lenvatinib and sorafenib therapy, with a higher frequency and toxicity grade during sorafenib treatment. HFS was the most frequent reason for drug reduction or discontinuation in patient treated with sorafenib. Early diagnosis of HFS is important to allow early intervention, possibly in a multidisciplinary setting, and to avoid treatment discontinuation, which is highly relevant to obtain the maximum effectiveness of systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Minaldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Virginia Cappagli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Loredana Lorusso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Valerio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matilde Viglione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Agate
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Molinaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Matrone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Elisei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa, Pisa, Italy
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Yokota T, Hamauchi S, Kawakami T, Fushiki K. Lenvatinib rechallenge after failure of lenvatinib and sorafenib in metastatic thyroid cancer. Invest New Drugs 2024; 42:361-368. [PMID: 38809355 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-024-01449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The oral multikinase inhibitors sorafenib and lenvatinib are currently available as first-line treatment for patients with unresectable or metastatic thyroid cancer. However, treatment options for patients who are refractory to these multikinase inhibitors are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rechallenged lenvatinib after failure of both lenvatinib and sorafenib in patients with metastatic thyroid cancer in the real-world clinical practice. We retrospectively reviewed the data of consecutive 16 patients with metastatic thyroid cancer who received lenvatinib as a rechallenge after failure of initial lenvatinib and sorafenib treatment at Shizuoka Cancer Center between 2016 and 2023. Of these, the initial lenvatinib was discontinued in 12 patients owing to progressive disease, in 3 patients owing to adverse events, and in 1 patient owing to both. The overall response rate was 6.7%, and disease control was achieved by rechallenge with lenvatinib in all patients with the target lesions. The median progression free survival after rechallenging with lenvatinib was 15.0 months. No new signs of toxicity were observed after rechallenging with lenvatinib. Our findings suggest that rechallenge with lenvatinib after failure of both lenvatinib and sorafenib showed manageable safety and modest efficacy in patients with metastatic thyroid cancer in clinical practice. The strategy of lenvatinib rechallenge may provide an alternative option for patients with no targetable driver genes or when selective kinase inhibitors are not indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Yokota
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Hamauchi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawakami
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Fushiki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan
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225
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Marzukie MS, Shapira-Zaltsberg G, Martinez-Rios C. Assessment of the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS™) with modification of the management recommendations for pediatric thyroid nodules. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:1476-1485. [PMID: 38981907 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-024-05982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid nodules are unusual in children, but when present, they carry a higher risk for malignancy, as compared to adults. Several guidelines have been created to address the risk stratification for malignancy of thyroid nodules in adults, but none has been completely validated in children. A few authors have proposed lowering the size threshold to the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS™) management guidelines to decrease missed carcinomas at presentation in children; however, little information is known regarding their accuracy. OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of proposed modifications of the ACR TI-RADS™ size criteria to guide management decisions in pediatric thyroid nodules and to assess the associated increase in number of fine needle aspiration (FNA) and follow-up exams. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study of children under 18 years old who underwent ultrasound assessment of a thyroid nodule at a tertiary care pediatric institution between January 2006 and August 2021. The largest dimension, maximum ACR TI-RADS™ score, and final thyroid nodules' diagnoses were documented. The course of action based on the adult ACR TI-RADS™ and after modifying the size threshold for management recommendations was documented and compared. Statistics included descriptive analysis, weighted Kappa statistics, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive/negative predictive values of the ACR TI-RADS™ presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using either Clopper-Pearson or standard logit methods. RESULTS Of 116 nodules, 18 (15.5%) were malignant. Most malignant nodules (94.4%, n = 17) were ACR TI-RADS™ 4 and ACR TI-RADS™ 5 categories. Based on the adult ACR TI-RADS™ criteria, 24 (24.5%) benign and 15 (83.3%) malignant nodules would have undergone FNA; 14 (14.3%) benign and 3 (16.7%) malignant nodules would have been followed up; and 60 (61.2%) benign and none of malignant nodules would have been dismissed. Three (16.7%) malignant nodules would not have been recommended FNA at presentation, delaying their diagnoses. By lowering the size-threshold criteria of the ACR TI-RADS™ guidelines, no malignancy would have been missed at presentation, but this also resulted in a higher number of FNA from 24 (24.5%) to 36 (36.7%) and follow-up ultrasound exams from 14 (14.3%) to 62 (63.3%). CONCLUSION Applying potential modifications to the ACR TI-RADS™ guideline lowering the size threshold criteria of the thyroid nodule to guide management decisions for pediatric thyroid nodules can lead to early detection of malignant nodules in children, but at the cost of a significantly increased number of biopsies or ultrasound exams. Further tailoring of the guideline with larger multicentric studies is needed, before warranting its acceptance and general use in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S Marzukie
- Department of Medical Imaging at Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gali Shapira-Zaltsberg
- Department of Medical Imaging at Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Claudia Martinez-Rios
- Department of Medical Imaging at Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G1X8, Canada.
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Gruszczynski NR, Hasan SS, Brennan AG, De La Chapa J, Reddy AS, Martin DN, Batchala PP, Stelow EB, Dowling EM, Fedder KL, Garneau JC, Shonka DC. Oncocytic carcinoma of the thyroid: Conclusions from a 20-year patient cohort. Head Neck 2024; 46:2042-2047. [PMID: 38390640 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncocytic carcinoma (OCA) was recently reclassified as a distinct differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Given its rarity, OCA studies are limited. This study describes the characteristics of OCA in a 20-year cohort. METHODS Retrospective analysis of patients with OCA at a single tertiary care hospital from 2000 to 2021. RESULTS Fifty-one OCA patients (22M:29F) were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 60.3 years; 90% presented as palpable mass; 24% had a family history of thyroid cancer. None had vocal fold paresis. On ultrasound, most tumors were solid and hypoechoic. FNA (n = 14) showed Bethesda-4 lesions in 93%. All were treated surgically. Histologically, 63% demonstrated angioinvasion, 35% had lymphovascular invasion, and 15% had extrathyroidal extension. Radioactive iodine was used as adjunct therapy in 77%. CONCLUSION OCA has distinct features that distinguish it from other DTCs, and additional focused studies will help clarify the aggressive nature, treatment options, and prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson R Gruszczynski
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Shahzeb S Hasan
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ana G Brennan
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Julian De La Chapa
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Adithya S Reddy
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - David N Martin
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Prem P Batchala
- Department of Radiology and Medicine Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Edward B Stelow
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Eric M Dowling
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Katherine L Fedder
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan C Garneau
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - David C Shonka
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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227
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Wang JR, Zafereo ME, Cabanillas ME, Wu CC, Xu L, Dai Y, Wang W, Lai SY, Henderson Y, Erasmus L, Williams MD, Joshu C, Ray D. The association between thyroid differentiation score and survival outcomes in papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae532. [PMID: 39087944 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid differentiation score (TDS), calculated based on mRNA expression levels of 16 genes controlling thyroid metabolism and function, has been proposed as a measure to quantify differentiation in PTC. The objective of this study is to determine whether TDS is associated with survival outcomes across patient cohorts. METHODS Two independent cohorts of PTC patients were used: 1) the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) thyroid cancer study (N=372), 2) MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) cohort (N=111). The primary survival outcome of interest was progression-free interval (PFI). Association with overall survival (OS) was also explored. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were used for survival analyses. RESULTS In both cohorts, TDS was associated with tumor and nodal stage at diagnosis as well as tumor driver mutation status. High TDS was associated with longer PFI on univariable analyses across cohorts. After adjusting for overall stage, TDS remained significantly associated with PFI in the MDACC cohort only (aHR 0.67, 95%CI 0.52-0.85). In subgroup analyses stratified by tumor driver mutation status, higher TDS was most consistently associated with longer PFI in BRAFV600E-mutated tumors across cohorts after adjusting for overall stage (TCGA: aHR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.33-1.07; MDACC: aHR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.82). For OS, increasing TDS was associated with longer OS in the overall MDACC cohort (aHR=0.78, 95% CI:0.63-0.96), where the median duration of follow-up was 12.9 years. CONCLUSION TDS quantifies the spectrum of differentiation status in PTC and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in PTC, mostly promisingly in BRAFV600E-mutated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mark E Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Maria E Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia & Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chia Chin Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yaoyi Dai
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Stephen Y Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ying Henderson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lauren Erasmus
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michelle D Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Corinne Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Debashree Ray
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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228
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Mehanna H, Deeks JJ, Boelaert K, Madani G, Sidhu P, Nankivell P, Sharma N, Woolley R, Taylor J, Fulton-Lieuw T, Palmer A. Real-time ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis of newly identified thyroid nodules in adults: the ElaTION RCT. Health Technol Assess 2024; 28:1-51. [PMID: 39252469 PMCID: PMC11403383 DOI: 10.3310/pleq4874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Strain and shear wave elastography which is commonly used with concurrent real-time imaging known as real-time ultrasound shear/strain wave elastography is a new diagnostic technique that has been reported to be useful in the diagnosis of nodules in several organs. There is conflicting evidence regarding its benefit over ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology alone in thyroid nodules. Objectives To determine if ultrasound strain and shear wave elastography in conjunction with fine-needle aspiration cytology will reduce the number of patients who have a non-diagnostic first fine-needle aspiration cytology results as compared to conventional ultrasound-only guided fine-needle aspiration cytology. Design A pragmatic, unblinded, multicentre randomised controlled trial. Setting Eighteen centres with a radiology department across England. Participants Adults who had not undergone previous fine-needle aspiration cytology with single or multiple nodules undergoing investigation. Interventions Ultrasound shear/strain wave elastography-ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (intervention arm) - strain or shear wave elastography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology. Ultrasound-only guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (control arm) - routine ultrasound-only guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (the current standard recommended by the British Thyroid Association guidelines). Main outcome measure The proportion of patients who have a non-diagnostic cytology (Thy 1) result following the first fine-needle aspiration cytology. Randomisation Patients were randomised at a 1 : 1 ratio to the interventional or control arms. Results A total of 982 participants (80% female) were randomised: 493 were randomised to ultrasound shear/strain wave elastography-ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration cytology and 489 were randomised to ultrasound-only guided fine-needle aspiration cytology. There was no evidence of a difference between ultrasound shear/strain wave elastography and ultrasound in non-diagnostic cytology (Thy 1) rate following the first fine-needle aspiration cytology (19% vs. 16% respectively; risk difference: 0.030; 95% confidence interval -0.007 to 0.066; p = 0.11), the number of fine-needle aspiration cytologies needed (odds ratio: 1.10; 95% confidence interval 0.82 to 1.49; p = 0.53) or in the time to reach a definitive diagnosis (hazard ratio: 0.94; 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 1.10; p = 0.45). There was a small, non-significant reduction in the number of thyroid operations undertaken when ultrasound shear/strain wave elastography was used (37% vs. 40% respectively; risk difference: -0.02; 95% confidence interval -0.06 to 0.009; p = 0.15), but no difference in the number of operations yielding benign histology - 23% versus 24% respectively, p = 0.70 (i.e. no increase in identification of malignant cases) - or in the number of serious adverse events (2% vs. 1%). There was no difference in anxiety and depression, pain or quality of life between the two arms. Limitations The study was not powered to detect differences in malignancy. Conclusions Ultrasound shear/strain wave elastography does not appear to have additional benefit over ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Future work The findings of the ElaTION trial suggest that further research into the use of shear wave elastography in the diagnostic setting of thyroid nodules is unlikely to be warranted unless there are improvements in the technology. The diagnostic difficulty in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions still persists. Future studies might examine the role of genomic testing on fine-needle aspiration samples. There is growing use of targeted panels of molecular markers, particularly aimed at improving the diagnostic accuracy of indeterminate (i.e. Thy3) cytology results. The application of these tests is not uniform, and their cost effectiveness has not been assessed in large-scale trials. Study registration This study is registered as ISRCTN (ISRCTN18261857). Funding This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme (NIHR award ref: 12/19/04) and is published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 28, No. 46. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Mehanna
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan J Deeks
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kristien Boelaert
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gitta Madani
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Paul Sidhu
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paul Nankivell
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Neil Sharma
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rebecca Woolley
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Tessa Fulton-Lieuw
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Palmer
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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229
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Zhang F, Mei F, Chen W, Zhang Y. Role of Ultrasound and Ultrasound-Based Prediction Model in Differentiating Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma From Follicular Thyroid Adenoma. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2024; 43:1389-1399. [PMID: 38577871 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to identify distinct ultrasound (US) characteristics for distinguishing follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) from follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA), and construct a user-friendly preoperative risk stratification model for thyroid follicular neoplasms. METHODS In this retrospective study, patients diagnosed with pathologically confirmed FTA or FTC and undergoing US examinations between July 2017 and June 2021 were designated as the training cohort, and those from July 2021 to June 2023 were enrolled as the external validation set. We systematically assessed and compared the sonographic and clinical characteristics of FTC and FTA. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of US features with FTC in the training set. A prediction nomogram model, incorporating US features independently associated with FTC, was developed and validated externally to assess its performance. RESULTS A total of 645 patients (FTA/FTC = 530/115) were included in the training set, while 197 patients (FTA/FTC = 165/32) constituted the validation set. In the training set, solid composition, hypo-echogenicity, irregular margin, calcification, protrusion sign, trabecular formation, absent or thick halo, and mainly central hypervascularity were identified as independent factors associated with FTC. The prediction nomogram model constructed using these variables showed good performance in differentiating FTC from FTA with an area under the curve of 0.948 in the training set and 0.915 in the validation set. CONCLUSIONS The preoperative nomogram model constructed based on US features serves as an effective tool for the risk stratification of thyroid follicular neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Mei
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyue Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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230
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Bernardo P, Messias H, Nogueira R, Lopes B, Gomes P. Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like element (SETTLE)-Report of a rare thyroid carcinoma. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e9300. [PMID: 39130807 PMCID: PMC11316011 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.9300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like element should be included in the differential diagnosis of thyroid gland cancers, particularly in medullary carcinoma, younger patients and indolent clinical presentation, because it may influence treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrique Messias
- Head and Neck Surgery DepartmentInstituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco GentilLisbonPortugal
- Division of Clinical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Ricardo Nogueira
- Head and Neck Surgery DepartmentInstituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco GentilLisbonPortugal
| | - Brazão Lopes
- Pathological Anatomy DepartmentInstituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco GentilLisbonPortugal
| | - Pedro Gomes
- Head and Neck Surgery DepartmentInstituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco GentilLisbonPortugal
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231
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Sada A, Yip L. The Role of Molecular Markers in Thyroid Cancer Diagnostics and Treatment. Surg Clin North Am 2024; 104:741-749. [PMID: 38944495 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Molecular testing for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules has demonstrated benefit by reducing the need for diagnostic thyroidectomies and reducing costs. Its use is currently recommended in practice guidelines from the American Thyroid Association and the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons when clinically appropriate. Moreover, there is growing evidence that molecular testing may provide prognostic information and can detect targetable genetic alterations which may expand treatment options for refractory advanced thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Sada
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Kaufmann Building, Suite 101, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Linwah Yip
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Kaufmann Building, Suite 101, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. https://twitter.com/l_yip123
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232
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Kheng M, Manzella A, Chao JC, Laird AM, Beninato T. Reoperation Rates After Initial Thyroid Lobectomy for Patients with Thyroid Cancer: A National Cohort Study. Thyroid 2024; 34:1007-1016. [PMID: 39049736 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2024.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines recommended thyroid lobectomy (TL) as an alternative to total thyroidectomy (TT) for the surgical treatment of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Increasing use of TL has since been reported despite concerns for an increased risk of disease recurrence and need for reoperation. This study sought to compare reoperation rates among patients who underwent initial TL or TT for malignancy, characterize trends at centers based on operative volume, and examine factors associated with reoperation. Methods: We queried the Vizient Clinical Data Base for TL and TT performed preguideline change (pre-GC = 2013-2015) and postguideline change (post-GC = 2016-2021). Reoperations included reoperative thyroid surgery (RTS) and neck dissection (ND); timing was defined as early (≤180 days), thought to indicate inadequacy of initial operative choice, or late (>180 days), suggesting potential disease recurrence. Results: Of 65,627 patients, 31.8% underwent initial TL and 68.2% underwent initial TT; TL increased from 21.4% of total cases pre-GC to 37.0% post-GC (p < 0.001). Among TL patients, early RTS declined from 33.9% to 14.2% and ND declined from 0.8% to 0.4% (p < 0.001). Among TT patients, early RTS remained 0.2%, while ND increased from 0.4% to 0.7% (p < 0.001). TL-associated late RTS declined from 2.0% to 1.7%, while ND increased from 0.6% to 0.8% (p = 0.17). In TT patients, both late RTS and ND increased, from 0.2% to 0.3% (p = 0.04) and 1.7% to 2.1% (p < 0.01), respectively. There was no difference in the late reoperation rate for TL compared with TT post-GC (+0.2%, p = 0.18). TL volume grew annually by 12.5% [8.9-16.2%] at high-volume centers (HVCs) and 8.3% [5.6-11.1%] at low-volume centers (LVCs). TL-associated reoperations at HVCs declined annually by 12.6% [5.6-19.0%] and 10.8% [2.7-18.1%] at LVCs. Uninsured status and more recent initial operation were associated with an increased risk of late reoperation (HR = 1.84 [1.06-3.20] and HR = 1.30 [1.24-1.36], respectively). The type of index operation performed, however, was not predictive of late reoperation. Conclusions: The rate of early reoperations declined for TL after the 2015 ATA guideline release, but late reoperations remained unchanged despite a significant shift in practice patterns towards initial lobectomy. Patients appear to be receiving less aggressive, guideline-concordant care without a significant increase in the late reoperation rate for TL compared with TT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kheng
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander Manzella
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua C Chao
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Amanda M Laird
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Toni Beninato
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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233
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Rhim JH, Lee JY, Park SW, Lee Y, Jung SL, Yun TJ, Ha EJ, Baek JH, Kim J, Na DG, Kim JH. Malignancy risk of indeterminate lymph node at the central compartment in patients with thyroid cancer and concomitant sonographic thyroiditis. Head Neck 2024; 46:1922-1931. [PMID: 38305145 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the malignancy risk of sonographic (US) indeterminate lymph node (LN)s at the central compartment in thyroid cancer patients with US-thyroiditis (ST). METHODS Among the central compartments of suspicious, indeterminate, and probably benign LN US categories, the malignancy rates were compared between ST and non-US-thyroiditis (non-ST) groups. Those of indeterminate category were compared with suspicious and probably benign categories. RESULTS At 531 central compartments from 349 patients, the malignancy rate was lower in ST group (34.4% [44/128]) than non-ST group (43.4% [175/403]), although statistically not significant (p = 0.08). The malignancy rate of indeterminate category in ST group (35.7% [5/14]) was lower than non-ST group (71.9% [23/32]) (p = 0.047). Within ST group, the malignancy rate of indeterminate category (35.7% [5/14]) did not differ from probably benign category (29.1% [30/103]) (p = 0.756), but was lower than suspicious category (81.8% [9/11]) (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS The malignancy risk of US indeterminate LNs at the central compartment in thyroid cancer patients with US thyroiditis was lower than that in patients without US thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyo Rhim
- Department of Radiology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Ye Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Won Park
- Department of Radiology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Younghen Lee
- Department of Radiology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - So Lyung Jung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Jin Yun
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Ha
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Baek
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinna Kim
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Na
- Department of Radiology, Gang Neung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Human Medical Imaging and Intervention Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital and College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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234
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Xie Y, Xiao J, Ying Y, Liu J, Zhang L, Zeng X. Bioinformatic identification reveals a m6A-binding protein, IGF2BP2, as a novel tumor-promoting gene signature in thyroid carcinoma. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5663-5676. [PMID: 38289368 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays a crucial role in thyroid carcinoma (THCA). Insulin-like growth factor 2 binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) is a m6A-binding protein. We aimed to explore the effect of IGF2BP2 on the development of THCA. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from GSE50901 and GSE60542 datasets. LinkedOmics, Genebank, and Sequence-based RNA Adenosine Methylation Site Predictor databases were employed to find potential m6A modification sites. Protein-protein interaction network and receiver-operating characteristic curves were applied to determine hub genes of THCA. ESTIMATE revealed the effect of IGF2BP2 on tumor immunity. The mRNA expression of IGF2BP2 was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The viability, migration, and invasion were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8, wound healing, and transwell assays. A total of 166 common DEGs were identified from GSE50901 and GSE60542 datasets. One m6A-related gene, IGF2BP2, was differentially expressed in THCA and selected as the research target. The hub genes (CD44, DCN, CXCL12, ICAM1, SDC4, KIT, CTGF, and FMOD) were identified with high prediction values for THCA. Subsequently, the target genes of IGF2BP2, SDC4, and ICAM1, which had potential m6A modification sites, were screened out based on the hub genes. IGF2BP2 was upregulated in THCA and IGF2BP2 expression was positively correlated with immune infiltration in THCA. Additionally, knockdown of IGF2BP2 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of THCA cells. IGF2BP2 has a contributory effect on the progression of THCA, which is a novel biomarker and a therapeutic target for THCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
- Institute of Thyroid Diseases, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Thyroid Tumor, Ganzhou, China
| | - Junqi Xiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yong Ying
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Leiying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiangtai Zeng
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Department of Thyroid and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qingnian Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China.
- Institute of Thyroid Diseases, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Thyroid Tumor, Ganzhou, China.
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235
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Iscan Y, Sengun B, Karatas I, Atalay HB, Sormaz IC, Onder S, Yegen G, Hacisahinogullari H, Tunca F, Giles Senyurek Y. The impact of intraoperative neural monitoring during papillary thyroid cancer surgery on completeness of thyroidectomy and thyroglobulin response: a propensity-score matched study. Acta Chir Belg 2024; 124:298-306. [PMID: 38206297 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2024.2305501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) has been utilized for a variety of thyroid pathologies, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Remnant thyroid tissue following total thyroidectomy (TT) in patients with PTC is associated with increased recurrence. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the use of IONM in PTC surgery has an impact on the completeness of thyroidectomy. METHODS Retrospectively, patients with preoperative diagnosis of PTC, who underwent TT in a tertiary center were reviewed. They were grouped based on the IONM usage, and 1:1 propensity-score match was performed. Primary outcome was the completeness of thyroidectomy, determined by measuring postoperative stimulated thyroglobulin levels (sTg). RESULTS Among 274 clinically node-negative PTC patients who underwent TT and ipsilateral prophylactic central lymph-node dissection, a total of 170 patients (85:85) were matched. Postoperative sTg levels were significantly lower in the IONM group (1 ng/dL vs. 0.4 ng/dL; p < 0.01) with higher percentage of the patients with sTg levels <1 ng/ml (50.6% vs. 69.4%; p = 0.01). More patients in the no-IONM group received RAI ablation with significantly higher doses (mean mci: 120 vs. 102; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION The use of IONM during thyroidectomy provides improvement in the completeness of thyroidectomy and reduction in postoperative sTg levels which can be used as a guide by clinicians to avoid RAI ablation in selected PTC patients and to adjust low ablative doses in patients who are scheduled for remnant ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Iscan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berke Sengun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Karatas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Berke Atalay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Cem Sormaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semen Onder
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Yegen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Hacisahinogullari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Tunca
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Giles Senyurek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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236
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Xiao X, Zhu Y, Li L, Liao Y, Li N. The effectiveness and safety of thermal ablation for thyroid carcinoma lymph node metastasis are affected by the diameter of metastatic lymph nodes: A meta-analysis. Surgery 2024; 176:396-405. [PMID: 38777658 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the diameter of lymph nodes with metastatic thyroid carcinoma and the effectiveness and safety of thermal ablation. METHODS Several databases were searched for literature on the treatment of thyroid carcinoma metastatic lymph nodes by thermal ablation. A subgroup analysis was performed according to the diameter of the metastatic lymph nodes. The measures included pooled estimates of mean volume reduction, pooled proportions of total disappearance and recurrence, and the pooled proportions of overall complications. RESULTS There were 20 studies with 372 patients and 620 metastatic lymph nodes included. Based on the average maximum diameter of the metastatic lymph nodes, they were divided into three groups: A (≤ 10 mm), B (10 < diameter ≤ 20 mm), and C (> 20 mm). The study results indicated a significant decrease in the average volume only in groups A and B. The ratio of tumor disappearance showed that group A had the highest percentage, followed by group B and then group C. The recurrence rates were comparable between groups A and B, but slightly lower than in group C. Moreover, the overall complication rates for the three groups were ranked as follows: group A > group C > group B. CONCLUSION Overall, thermal ablation is an effective and safe treatment for thyroid cancer metastatic lymph nodes with diameters of 10-20mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linzhe Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yacong Liao
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Ultrasound Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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237
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Kumar A, Dhar A, Srivastava A, Kumar R. A Prospective Comparative Analysis to Study the Impact on Voice Changes Following Endoscopic Thyroidectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2024; 34:407-412. [PMID: 38949300 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000001297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic approach has come up as a safe and feasible procedure for thyroidectomy with better cosmetic outcomes. However, concerns over its safety in terms of nerve injury and postoperative voice changes remain. This prospective study evaluated the role of vocal cord function assessment using laryngeal examination and voice analysis in patients who underwent endoscopic hemithyroidectomy either by the trans-oral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) or the bilateral axillobreast approach (BABA). METHODS Thirty-nine consecutive patients were randomly allocated to either of the 2 groups of endoscopic hemithyroidectomy; 19 in TOETVA and 20 in the BABA groups. Vocal cord function was assessed subjectively using the GRBAS scale and objectively by acoustic analysis of parameters such as jitter, shimmer, mean frequency (F 0 ), noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR), and maximum phonatory time (MPT) at baseline, postoperative day 10, and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS There were no significant differences in mean GRBAS scores and values of mean frequency, jitter and shimmer between the 2 groups and on postoperative day 10 and at 3 months compared with baseline. The mean NHR and MPT showed no differences between the 2 procedures. However, there was a significant decrease in their values on day 10 postsurgery, compared with baseline. These values returned to their baseline at 3 months. The other operative parameters were comparable between the 2 groups, except for the shorter mean operative time in the TOETVA group. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative quantitative voice parameters were comparable with no statistically significant difference between the 2 techniques of endoscopic thyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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238
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Yi Y, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Hu F. Investigation on low-iodine diet implementation by medical staff before radioactive iodine treatment for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Ann Nucl Med 2024; 38:639-646. [PMID: 38874877 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-024-01952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the implementation of low-iodine diets by medical staff caring for patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma prior to 131I therapy across 58 hospitals, and offer valuable insights for the development of guidelines on low-iodine diets. METHODS Convenience sampling was utilized to conduct a survey among 163 medical staff members working in nuclear medicine departments across 58 tertiary hospitals using a self-designed questionnaire. RESULTS Concerning the duration of the low-iodine diet prior to treatment, the medical staff's recommendations were as follows: 58.28% suggested 2-4 weeks, 31.29% recommended more than 4 weeks, 9.2% opted for 7-13 days, and 1.23% favored less than 1 week. Regarding the timing of resuming a normal diet, the respondents' recommendations ranged from immediately after treatment (1.84%) to 3 months post-treatment (8.58%), with intermediate recommendations of 2 h (8.58%), 24-48 h (14.11%), post-discharge (12.26%), and 1 month (42.94%). Furthermore, the surveyed medical staff unanimously recommended abstaining from seafood, with 90.8% also advising against the consumption of iodized salt, 91.41% recommending avoidance of iodine-containing medications, and 71.17% advising caution with moderately high-iodine foods. Notably, 75.46% of the medical staff evaluated patient compliance with the low-iodine diet. When patients failed to adhere to the diet preparation, 33.74% of healthcare workers chose to proceed with treatment. In terms of guidance sources, 96.93% of respondents relied on relevant guidelines, 66.26% referred to the literature, and 49.69% drew upon their clinical experience. During hospitalization, 58.28% of the medical staff continued to guide patients on the low-iodine diet, while only 8.59% provided such guidance after discharge. Notably, only 20.25% of the staff considered consulting the nutrition department. CONCLUSION This study underscored substantial variations in the duration and selection criteria for low-iodine diets, which were linked to a scarcity of standardized evaluations. Consequently, there is an urgent need for further research to establish detailed, practical, accessible, comprehensive, and dependable implementation programs for low-iodine diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupin Yi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1st Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuquan Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1st Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Youfeng Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1st Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Fengqiong Hu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1st Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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239
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Saito Y, Kage H, Kobayashi K, Kamogashira T, Fukuoka O, Yamamura K, Yamashita S, Tanabe M, Oda K, Kondo K. Comprehensive genomic profiling from C-CAT database unveiled over 80% presence of oncogenic drivers in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma including BRAF, RAS family, NF1, and FGFR1. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 101:170-179. [PMID: 38853441 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is considered a very aggressive carcinoma and has been difficult to treat with therapeutic strategies. This study examines the landscape of genomic alteration in ATC, including the BRAF V600E mutation, and its clinical implications. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MESUREMENT A retrospective observational study was conducted using collected at the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT) in Japan, utilizing comprehensive genomic profiling data from 102 ATC cases. Additionally, AACR-GENIE data from 267 cases were analysed for validation. Statistical methods, including the conditional Kendall tau statistic and χ2 tests, were employed for survival analysis and gene mutation comparisons. RESULTS Among 102 ATCs, BRAF, RAS, and other driver mutations were found in 83 cases (81.2%). The prevalence of BRAF V600E mutations was as high as 60%. Co-mutation analysis identified different genomic profiles in the BRAF, RAS, and wild-type groups. Despite the diverse molecular backgrounds, no significant differences in clinical variables and overall survival were observed. The analysis considering left-side amputation suggested that RAS mutations had a poorer prognosis. In the BRAF/RAS wild-type group, FGFR1 and NF1 were identified as driver mutations, with an accumulation of copy number variations and less TERT promoter mutations. This molecular subgrouping was also supported by the AACR-GENIE data. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive genomic analysis of ATC in Japan revealed distinct molecular subgroups, highlighting the importance of BRAF V600E mutations, particularly V600E, as potential therapeutic targets and suggest the relevance of tailor-made therapeutic strategies based on genomic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Saito
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kage
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Kobayashi
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teru Kamogashira
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Fukuoka
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamura
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tanabe
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Division of Integrative Genomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Departments of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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240
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Flux G, Gleisner KS, Bardies M. Physics for molecular radiotherapy - The battle between science and simplicity. Phys Med 2024; 124:103413. [PMID: 38880679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2024.103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Flux
- Joint Dept of Physics, Royal Marsden Hospital & Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK.
| | | | - Manuel Bardies
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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241
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Brankiewicz-Kopcinska W, Kallingal A, Krzemieniecki R, Baginski M. Targeting shelterin proteins for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104056. [PMID: 38844065 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
As a global health challenge, cancer prompts continuous exploration for innovative therapies that are also based on new targets. One promising avenue is targeting the shelterin protein complex, a safeguard for telomeres crucial in preventing DNA damage. The role of shelterin in modulating ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinases, key players in the DNA damage response (DDR), establishes its significance in cancer cells. Disrupting these defence mechanisms of shelterins, especially in cancer cells, renders telomeres vulnerable, potentially leading to genomic instability and hindering cancer cell survival. In this review, we outline recent approaches exploring shelterins as potential anticancer targets, highlighting the prospect of developing selective molecules to exploit telomere vulnerabilities toward new innovative cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Brankiewicz-Kopcinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anoop Kallingal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Krzemieniecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Baginski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
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242
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Alam IS, Patel KN. Management of Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Differentiated High-Grade Thyroid Carcinoma. Surg Clin North Am 2024; 104:751-765. [PMID: 38944496 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma of follicular cell origin exists on a histopathologic and clinical spectrum. The authors focus on the category of tumors that fall between the very favorable well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas and the very unfavorable anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. These intermediately aggressive tumors include poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and the newly defined differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma. Both diagnoses require certain histopathologic requirements be met in order to accurately identify these tumors post-operatively. Management remains primarily surgical though adjunctive treatments such as molecular targeted therapies (eg, tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and differentiation therapy (to restore tumor response to radioactive iodine) are also becoming available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram S Alam
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, 530 First Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Kepal N Patel
- Faculty Development, Division of Endocrine Surgery, NYU Langone Health, 530 First Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Anand N, Srivastava P, Husain N, Agarwal D, Gupta A, Pradhan R. Evaluation of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 Expression in Thyroid Carcinoma and Its Prognostic Significance. Cureus 2024; 16:e67004. [PMID: 39286684 PMCID: PMC11403645 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have revolutionised treatment and improved outcomes in various malignancies. We aimed to evaluate CTLA-4 and PD-L1 immunoexpression in thyroid tumours and correlated them with clinicopathological parameters. Methods The study included 90 cases of thyroid malignancies comprising papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (n = 64, 54.2%), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) (n = 19, 16.1%), anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) (n = 3, 2.5%), and poorly differentiated carcinoma (n = 4, 3.4%), two cases (1.69%) of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) along with 26 cases (22%) of benign thyroid lesions. CTLA-4 (UMAB249) and PD-L1 (SP263) expression were assessed in all the cases of thyroid tumours. Results were compared with clinicopathologic parameters and overall survival. Results PD-L1 was positive in all three cases of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), 33% (n = 21) cases of PTC, and 16% (n = 3) cases of FTC. PD-L1 positivity was significantly associated at tumour proportion score (TPS) ≥1% with lymphovascular invasion and age ≤40 years and at TPS ≥50% with tumour necrosis and N-stage. Immune proportion score (IPS) did not correlate with any clinicopathological parameters except for the N-stage. CTLA-4 was positive in six cases of PTC (1-5%); five showed lymph node involvement (p = 0.032). IPS was positive in 14 cases, and a significant association was seen with lymph node metastasis, lymphocytic infiltration, and lymphovascular invasion. Three cases of PTC showed co-expression for PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in tumour cells. No significant association was seen between PD-L1 expression and survival. Conclusion The current data suggest that PD-L1 is expressed in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, mainly PTC and ATC, indicating higher responsiveness to immunotherapy. A subset of PTC showed co-expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4. These findings suggest the need for further investigation to utilise combinational immunotherapy, including anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Anand
- Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| | - Pallavi Srivastava
- Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| | - Nuzhat Husain
- Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| | - Deeksha Agarwal
- Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| | - Anurag Gupta
- Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| | - Roma Pradhan
- Endocrine Surgery, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
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244
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Chiba K, Murase T, Yokota K, Tatematsu T, Oda R, Nakamura R, Yobita S, Takano T, Okuda K. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in thymic epithelial tumors. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:383. [PMID: 38939624 PMCID: PMC11209869 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare and the major symptoms are not obvious until the tumor progresses to a relatively large size and compresses the surrounding organs. As its growth is aggressive and it metastasizes to distant organs, it is important to find novel effective therapies. Lenvatinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor, is approved as a drug therapy for thymic carcinoma (TC); however, although it is a molecular targeted therapy, there are no obvious predictors of therapeutic efficacy. The present study aimed to assess the association between clinicopathological factors and the protein expression of VEGFR, which is associated with tumor aggressiveness and the efficacy of VEGFR inhibitors. The VEGFR-2 protein expression was evaluated in 144 patients with TETs who underwent surgical resection. The present study assessed whether the expression of VEGFR-2 protein was associated with TET classification and pathological stage, progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). A total of 94 cases (65.2%) were positive for VEGFR-2 protein. The expression of VEGFR-2 was higher in the more aggressive type B3 thymoma and TC (88.5%) than in types A, AB, B1 and B2 thymoma (60.2%). The 5-year OS rate for the overall population was 53.1%. The 5-year OS rates of patients with negative VEGFR-2 staining score values (66.5%) were significantly longer than in patients with positive VEGFR-2 staining score values (42.5%; P=0.000078). Furthermore, the pathological stage was the only factor significantly associated with OS in multivariate analysis. The results of the present study suggest the possibility that the indications for VEGF inhibitor therapy could be extended to type B3 thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Chiba
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murase
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yokota
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tatematsu
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Risa Oda
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ryuji Nakamura
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shogo Yobita
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Takano
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Okuda
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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Fields TD, Underwood HJ, Pitt SC. Management of Small Papillary Thyroid Cancers. Surg Clin North Am 2024; 104:725-740. [PMID: 38944494 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. With increasing imaging utilization, there has been an increase in the recognition of small, indolent cancers that would otherwise go undiagnosed. Historically, the surgical recommendation for all patients with thyroid cancer was a total thyroidectomy. However, over the last 20 years, there have been numerous studies evaluating the de-escalation of interventions for low-risk thyroid cancers, transitioning from total thyroidectomy to thyroid lobectomy or active surveillance when indicated. Here, we review the current literature and recommendations with each of these treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Fields
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 2101 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Hunter J Underwood
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 2101 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. https://twitter.com/HJUnderwoodMD
| | - Susan C Pitt
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 2101 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. https://twitter.com/susieQP8
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Chen XY, Tan Y, Wang D, Wei ZX. Radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer coexisting with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Radiol 2024; 97:1423-1430. [PMID: 38870537 PMCID: PMC11256929 DOI: 10.1093/bjr/tqae118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical character of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) coexisting with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and provide state-of-art evidence for personalized radioactive iodine-131 therapy (RAIT) for patients coexisting with HT. METHODS From January 2000 to January 2023, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant original articles that published in English on the RAIT efficacy for DTC with HT. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 17.0 were used for data analysis. RESULTS Eleven studies involving 16 605 DTC patients (3321 with HT) were included. HT was more frequent in female (OR: 2.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.77-4.76, P < .00001). The size of tumour (MD: -0.20, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.11), extrathyroidal extension rate (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.90), and metastasis rate (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.08-0.41) were less in HT, but tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) stage had no significant difference among HT and non-HT group. Disease-free survival (DFS) rate (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.57-2.44, P < .00001), 5-year DFS (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.04-2.89, P = .04), and 10-year DFS (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.17-2.09, P = .003) were higher in HT group. The recurrent (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.45-0.83, P = .002), RAIT dosage (MD = -38.71, 95% CI: -60.86 to -16.56, P = .0006), and treatment (MD: -0.13, 95% CI: -0.22 to -0.03, P = .008) were less in HT group. CONCLUSIONS DTC coexisting with HT was associated with less invasion. DFS of HT group was higher than non-HT group after RAIT. Low-dose treatment did not impair the efficacy of RAIT in DTC with HT. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a risk for DTC, but it minimalizes the progression of cancer and enhance the efficacy of RAIT, which should be considered in personalizing RAIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yi Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhi-Xiao Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Salmon MK, Fritz CG, Barrette LX, Romeo D, Suresh NV, Ng JJ, Balar E, Prasad A, Moreira A, Rajasekaran K. Quality appraisal of clinical practice guidelines for the evaluation and management of primary hyperparathyroidism. Endocrine 2024; 85:864-872. [PMID: 38551756 PMCID: PMC11291579 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple groups have created clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the management of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). This report provides a rigorous quality assessment using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation Instrument (AGREE II) to identify high-performing guidelines and areas for improvement. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to isolate CPGs addressing the management of PHPT. Guideline data was extracted and quality ratings were assigned by four independent reviewers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to ensure interrater reliability. RESULTS Twelve guidelines were assessed. The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons (AAES) guideline had the highest mean scaled score across all domains (73.6 ± 31.4%). No other published guideline achieved a "high" quality designation. The highest scoring domain was "clarity of presentation" (mean 60.5 ± 26.5%). The lowest scoring domain was "applicability" (mean 19.8 ± 18.2%). Scoring reliability was excellent, with ICC ≥ 0.89 for all AGREE II 6 domains. CONCLUSION Although several working groups have developed guidelines to address PHPT management, only those published by the AAES meet all methodologic quality criteria necessary to ensure incorporation of recommendations into clinical practice. Future guidelines would benefit from the development of tools, resources, monitoring criteria that enhance applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy K Salmon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christian G Fritz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louis-Xavier Barrette
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dominic Romeo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neeraj V Suresh
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jinggang J Ng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eesha Balar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aman Prasad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alvaro Moreira
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Karthik Rajasekaran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Brose MS, Capdevila J, Elisei R, Bastholt L, Führer-Sakel D, Leboulleux S, Sugitani I, Taylor MH, Wang Z, Wirth LJ, Worden FP, Bernard J, Caferra P, Colzani RM, Liu S, Schlumberger M. Vandetanib in locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer refractory to radioiodine therapy. Endocr Relat Cancer 2024; 31:e230354. [PMID: 38828895 PMCID: PMC11301419 DOI: 10.1530/erc-23-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The VERIFY study aimed to determine the efficacy of vandetanib in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) that is either locally advanced or metastatic and refractory to radioiodine (RAI) therapy. Specifically, VERIFY is a randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase III trial aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of vandetanib in tyrosine kinase inhibitor-naive patients with locally advanced or metastatic RAI-refractory DTC with documented progression (NCT01876784). Patients were randomized 1:1 to vandetanib or placebo. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included best objective response rate, overall survival (OS), safety, and tolerability. Patients continued to receive randomized treatment until disease progression or for as long as they were receiving clinical benefit unless criteria for treatment discontinuation were met. Following randomization, 117 patients received vandetanib, and 118 patients received a placebo. Median PFS was 10.0 months in the vandetanib group and 5.7 months in the placebo group (hazard ratio: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.55-1.03; P = 0.080). OS was not significantly different between treatment arms. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) of grade ≥3 were reported in 55.6% of patients in the vandetanib arm and 25.4% in the placebo arm. Thirty-three deaths (28.2%; one related to study treatment) occurred in the vandetanib arm compared with 16 deaths (13.6%; two related to treatment) in the placebo arm. No statistically significant improvement was observed in PFS in treatment versus placebo in patients with locally advanced or metastatic, RAI-refractory DTC. Moreover, active treatment was associated with more adverse events and more deaths than placebo, though the difference in OS was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia S Brose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaume Capdevila
- Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Tumor Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rossella Elisei
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lars Bastholt
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dagmar Führer-Sakel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sophie Leboulleux
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Gustave Roussy and Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Iwao Sugitani
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthew H Taylor
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Department of Head Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Head Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lori J Wirth
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francis P Worden
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Paolo Caferra
- Sanofi, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Martin Schlumberger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Gustave Roussy and Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Moma CA, Barreto IS, Assumpção LVM, Zantut-Wittmann DE. Predominance of CD4+ T cells in metastatic cervical lymph nodes in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e240135. [PMID: 38913547 PMCID: PMC11301539 DOI: 10.1530/ec-24-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma has become increasingly prevalent over the years. Avoiding unnecessary treatments and the risk of complications is essential, as well as understanding the mechanisms of tumor progression and the conditions that indicate a worse prognosis. Assessment of the tumor microenvironment can allow us understand how the immune system organizes itself to contain neoplastic progression. Methods We compared characteristics related to the lymphocytic subpopulations in the thyroid tumor microenvironment and lymph nodes in two groups, with and without lymph node metastatic involvement. Results Of the 400 cases followed up at a thyroid cancer reference service, 32 were selected, of which, 13 cases did not present lymph node metastasis (N0 group) and 19 had lymph node involvement (N1 group). Clinical data were collected, and immunohistochemical reactions were performed for markers CD4, CD8, FoxP3, CD25, and CD20 in lymph nodes and peritumoral infiltrate. We found that the N1 group had larger tumor sizes, higher risk staging, higher frequency of extrathyroidal extension, shorter disease-free times, and higher expression of CD4+ T lymphocytes in lymph nodes; however, there was no difference in the expression of other markers or in the pattern of lymphocyte distribution in the lymph node. Conclusion In cervical lymph nodes, the higher frequency of CD4+ T lymphocytes is related to the presence of metastasis. However, there were no differences in lymphocytic subpopulations in the thyroid tumor microenvironment. The absence of changes in unaffected lymph nodes could not predict any tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Aparecida Moma
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Icléia Siqueira Barreto
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ligia Vera Montali Assumpção
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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250
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Hu J, Xing J, Shao P, Ma X, Li P, Liu P, Zhang R, Chen W, Lei W, Xu RX. Raman spectroscopy with an improved support vector machine for discrimination of thyroid and parathyroid tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202400084. [PMID: 38890800 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to discriminate thyroid and parathyroid tissues using Raman spectroscopy combined with an improved support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. In thyroid surgery, there is a risk of inadvertently removing the parathyroid glands. At present, there is a lack of research on using Raman spectroscopy to discriminate parathyroid and thyroid tissues. In this article, samples were obtained from 43 individuals with thyroid and parathyroid tissues for Raman spectroscopy analysis. This study employed partial least squares (PLS) to reduce dimensions of data, and three optimization algorithms are used to improve the classification accuracy of SVM algorithm model in spectral analysis. The results show that PLS-GA-SVM algorithm has higher diagnostic accuracy and better reliability. The sensitivity of this algorithm is 94.67% and the accuracy is 94.44%. It can be concluded that Raman spectroscopy combined with the PLS-GA-SVM diagnostic algorithm has significant potential for discriminating thyroid and parathyroid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jinyu Xing
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pengfei Shao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peikun Li
- General Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wang Lei
- General Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ronald X Xu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
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