201
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Rueping M, Koenigs RM, Poscharny K, Fabry DC, Leonori D, Vila C. Dual catalysis: combination of photocatalytic aerobic oxidation and metal catalyzed alkynylation reactions--C-C bond formation using visible light. Chemistry 2012; 18:5170-4. [PMID: 22431393 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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202
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Parrish JD, Ischay MA, Lu Z, Guo S, Peters NR, Yoon TP. Endoperoxide synthesis by photocatalytic aerobic [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions. Org Lett 2012; 14:1640-3. [PMID: 22372647 DOI: 10.1021/ol300428q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Structurally novel endoperoxides can be sythesized by the photocatalytic cyclotrimerization of bis(styrene) substrates with molecular oxygen. The optimal catalyst for this process is Ru(bpz)(3)(2+), which is a markedly more efficient catalyst for these photooxygention reactions than conventional organic photosensitizers. The 1,2-dioxolane products are amenable to synthetic manipulation and can be easily processed to 1,4-diols and γ-hydroxyketones. An initial screen of the biological activity of these compounds reveals promising inhibition of cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Parrish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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203
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Abstract
Trigonoliimine B, a hexacyclic alkaloid, is synthesized in seven steps from simple starting materials. The synthesis features the use of an α-isocyanoacetate as a glycine template for the preparation of an α,α-disubstituted α-amino ester that is appropriately functionalized for the construction of C, D, and E rings. Sulfolane was found to be the solvent of choice for the unprecedented Bischler-Napieralski reaction implemented for the construction of a seven-membered ring with concurrent formation of an exo-imine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Buyck
- Institut of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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204
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Miyake Y, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Visible-Light-Mediated Utilization of α-Aminoalkyl Radicals: Addition to Electron-Deficient Alkenes Using Photoredox Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:3338-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ja211770y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Miyake
- Institute
of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656,
Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Institute
of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656,
Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Institute
of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656,
Japan
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205
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Tucker JW, Stephenson CRJ. Shining Light on Photoredox Catalysis: Theory and Synthetic Applications. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1617-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202538x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 873] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston,
Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston,
Massachusetts 02215, United States
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206
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Zhao G, Yang C, Guo L, Sun H, Chen C, Xia W. Visible light-induced oxidative coupling reaction: easy access to Mannich-type products. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2337-9. [PMID: 22252544 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An efficient methodology for the functionalization of sp(3) C-H bond adjacent to nitrogen has been developed utilizing visible light-induced photoredox catalysis. Through optimization of solvent and light source, the reaction can be rapidly achieved to provide the desired product under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolei Zhao
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, The Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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207
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Maity S, Zhu M, Shinabery RS, Zheng N. Intermolecular [3+2] cycloaddition of cyclopropylamines with olefins by visible-light photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:222-6. [PMID: 22109785 PMCID: PMC3330129 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Maity
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 (USA)
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 (USA)
| | - Ryan Spencer Shinabery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 (USA)
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 (USA)
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208
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Bou-Hamdan FR, Seeberger PH. Visible-light-mediated photochemistry: accelerating Ru(bpy)32+-catalyzed reactions in continuous flow. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc01016j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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209
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of (+)-gliocladin B is described. Our concise and enantioselective synthesis takes advantage of a new regioselective Friedel-Crafts-based strategy to provide an efficient multigram-scale access to the C3-(3'-indolyl)hexahydropyrroloindole substructure, a molecular foundation present in a significant subset of epipolythiodiketopiperazine natural alkaloids. Our first-generation solution to (+)-gliocladin B involved the stereoselective formation of (+)-12-deoxybionectin A, a plausible biosynthetic precursor. Our synthesis clarified the C15 stereochemistry of (+)-gliocladin B and allowed its full structure confirmation. Further studies of a versatile dihydroxylated diketopiperazine provided a concise and efficient synthesis of (+)-gliocladin B as well as access to (+)-gliocladin C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 18-292, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
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210
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Wang Y, Kong C, Du Y, Song H, Zhang D, Qin Y. Silver-promoted Friedel–Crafts reaction: concise total synthesis of (−)-ardeemin, (−)-acetylardeemin and (−)-formylardeemin. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2793-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob00014h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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211
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Xuan J, Feng ZJ, Duan SW, Xiao WJ. Room temperature synthesis of isoquino[2,1-a][3,1]oxazine and isoquino[2,1-a]pyrimidine derivatives via visible light photoredox catalysis. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20403g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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212
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Trost BM, Xie J, Sieber JD. The palladium catalyzed asymmetric addition of oxindoles and allenes: an atom-economical versatile method for the construction of chiral indole alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:20611-22. [PMID: 22070545 PMCID: PMC3241881 DOI: 10.1021/ja209244m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) is one of the most useful and versatile methods for asymmetric synthesis known in organometallic chemistry. Development of this reaction over the past 30 years has typically relied on the use of an allylic electrophile bearing an appropriate leaving group to access the reactive Pd(π-allyl) intermediate that goes on to the desired coupling product after attack by the nucleophile present in the reaction. Our group has been interested in developing alternative approaches to access the reactive Pd(π-allyl) intermediate that does not require the use of an activated electrophile, which ultimately generates a stoichiometric byproduct in the reaction that is derived from the leftover leaving group. Along these lines, we have demonstrated that allenes can be used to generate the reactive Pd(π-allyl) intermediate in the presence of an acid cocatalyst, and this system is compatible with nucleophiles to allow for formation of formal AAA products by Pd-catalyzed additions to allenes. This article describes our work regarding the use of oxindoles as carbon-based nucleophiles in a Pd-catalyzed asymmetric addition of oxindoles to allenes (Pd-catalyzed hydrocarbonation of allenes). By using the chiral standard Trost ligand (L1) and 3-aryloxindoles as nucleophiles, this hydrocarbonation reaction provides products with two vicinal stereocenters, with one being quaternary, in excellent chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities in high chemical yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA.
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213
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Ruff BM, Zhong S, Nieger M, Bräse S. Thiolation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical diketopiperazines. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 10:935-40. [PMID: 22183416 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06663g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of sulfur units into a variety of symmetrical and unsymmetrical diketopiperazines (DKPs) is described. We investigated different thiolation methods utilizing several bases and electrophilic sulfur reagents, leading to monomethylthio-, bis(methylthio)-, and epithio-DKPs. Their formation proceeded diastereoselectively, facilitating the application in total syntheses of many thiodiketopiperazine (TDKP) natural products. Furthermore, possible side reactions as well as mechanistic studies and stereochemical structural assignments of the obtained products are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Ruff
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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214
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Courant T, Masson G. Photoredox-initiated α-alkylation of imines through a three-component radical/cationic reaction. Chemistry 2011; 18:423-7. [PMID: 22161892 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Courant
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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215
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Freeman DB, Furst L, Condie AG, Stephenson CRJ. Functionally diverse nucleophilic trapping of iminium intermediates generated utilizing visible light. Org Lett 2011; 14:94-7. [PMID: 22148974 DOI: 10.1021/ol202883v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies into visible-light-mediated aza-Henry reactions demonstrated that molecular oxygen played a vital role in catalyst turnover as well as the production of base to facilitate the nucleophilic addition of nitroalkanes. Herein, improved conditions for the generation of iminium ions from tetrahydroisoquinolines that allow for versatile nucleophilic trapping are reported. The new conditions provide access to a diverse range of functionality under mild, anaerobic reaction conditions as well as mechanistic insights into the photoredox cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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216
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Zou YQ, Chen JR, Liu XP, Lu LQ, Davis RL, Jørgensen KA, Xiao WJ. Highly efficient aerobic oxidative hydroxylation of arylboronic acids: photoredox catalysis using visible light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:784-8. [PMID: 22161996 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You-Quan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
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217
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Zou YQ, Chen JR, Liu XP, Lu LQ, Davis RL, Jørgensen KA, Xiao WJ. Highly Efficient Aerobic Oxidative Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids: Photoredox Catalysis Using Visible Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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218
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Cheng Y, Yang J, Qu Y, Li P. Aerobic Visible-Light Photoredox Radical C–H Functionalization: Catalytic Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzothiazoles. Org Lett 2011; 14:98-101. [DOI: 10.1021/ol2028866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 RenAi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 RenAi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yue Qu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 RenAi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Pixu Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 RenAi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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219
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Maity S, Zhu M, Shinabery RS, Zheng N. Intermolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition of Cyclopropylamines with Olefins by Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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220
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Lin S, Ischay MA, Fry CG, Yoon TP. Radical cation Diels-Alder cycloadditions by visible light photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:19350-3. [PMID: 22032252 DOI: 10.1021/ja2093579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes promote the efficient radical cation Diels-Alder cycloaddition of electron-rich dienophiles upon irradiation with visible light. These reactions enable facile [4 + 2] cycloadditions that would be electronically mismatched under thermal conditions. Key to the success of this methodology is the availability of ligand-modified ruthenium complexes that enable rational tuning of the electrochemical properties of the catalyst without significantly perturbing the overall photophysical properties of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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221
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Tucker JW, Stephenson CRJ. Tandem Visible Light-Mediated Radical Cyclization–Divinylcyclopropane Rearrangement to Tricyclic Pyrrolidinones. Org Lett 2011; 13:5468-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202178t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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