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Regulation of NKT cell-mediated immune responses to tumours and liver inflammation by mitochondrial PGAM5-Drp1 signalling. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8371. [PMID: 26381214 PMCID: PMC4576739 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) plays crucial roles in programmed necrosis and innate inflammatory responses. However, a little is known about the involvement of RIPK3 in NKT cell-mediated immune responses. Here, we demonstrate that RIPK3 plays an essential role in NKT cell function via activation of the mitochondrial phosphatase phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5). RIPK3-mediated activation of PGAM5 promotes the expression of cytokines by facilitating nuclear translocation of NFAT and dephosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a GTPase is essential for mitochondrial homoeostasis. Ripk3(-/-) mice show reduced NKT cell responses to metastatic tumour cells, and both deletion of RIPK3 and pharmacological inhibition of Drp1 protects mice from NKT cell-mediated induction of acute liver damage. Collectively, the results identify a crucial role for RIPK3-PGAM5-Drp1/NFAT signalling in NKT cell activation, and further suggest that RIPK3-PGAM5 signalling may mediate crosstalk between mitochondrial function and immune signalling.
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202
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Circulating cell death biomarker: good candidates of prognostic indicator for patients with hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14240. [PMID: 26383863 PMCID: PMC4585557 DOI: 10.1038/srep14240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations on survival of patients with hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) are sparse and urgently needed. The current study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of circulating cell death biomarkers (M30-anigen, M65-antigen and HMGB1) for HBV ACLF. In this prospective study (2/2013–8/2014), 94 patients including 54 HBV-ACLF and 40 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were recruited. 40 healthy controls (HC) were also recruited. HBV-ACLF were followed up for 3 months for short-term mortality. All three biomarkers were significantly elevated in HBV-ACLF compared with CHB or HC. M30- and M65-antigens could significantly discriminate between non-survivors and survivors in HBV-ACLF. However, HMGB1 showed no prognostic value. By Cox regression analysis, M30- and M65-antigens and MELD were identified as independent predictors for short-term mortality. A novel prognostic model, MELD-CD (MELD-cell death) was established based on the multivariate results. The adjusted Harrell’s C-index of MELD-CD was 0.86 (P < 0.001) and was significantly higher (P < 0.001 for all) than the currently used models, MELD (C-index, 0.71, P < 0.001), MELD-NA (0.67, P < 0.001), CTPs (0.61, P < 0.05). Dynamic analyses further confirmed the prognostic utility of M30- and M65-antigen. Future studies are warranted to validate the results.
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203
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Wang K, Chen X, Ren J. Autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation in patients with liver failure: a meta-analytic review. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:147-59. [PMID: 25356526 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous bone marrow stem cell (ABMSC) transplantation has been utilized in clinical practice to treat patients with liver failure, but the therapeutic effect remains to be defined. A meta-analysis is essential to assess clinical advantages of ABMSC transplantation in patients with liver failure. A systematic search of published works [eg, PubMed, Medline, Embase, Chin J Clinicians (Electronic edition), and Science Citation Index] was conducted to compare clinical outcomes of ABMSC transplantation in patients with liver failure. Meta-analytic results were tested by fixed-effects model or random-effects model, dependent on the characteristics of variables. A total of 534 patients from seven studies were included in final meta-analysis. Subsequent to ABMSC transplantation, there was no significant improvement in general symptom and signs such as loss of appetite, fatigue, and ascites. Activities of serum ALT were not significantly decreased with weighted mean difference (WMD) of -19.36 and 95% confidence interval (CI) -57.53 to 18.80 (P=0.32). Postoperative level of albumin (ALB) was expectedly enhanced by stem cell transplantation (WMD 2.97, 95% CI 0.52 to 5.43, P<0.05, I(2)=84%). Coagulation function was improved as demonstrated by a short prothrombin time (PT) (WMD -1.18, 95% CI -2.32 to -0.03, P<0.05, I(2)=6%), but was not reflected by prothrombin activity (PTA) (P=0.39). Total bilirubin (TBIL) was drastically diminished after ABMSC therapy (WMD -14.85, 95% CI -20.39 to -9.32, P<0.01, I(2)=73%). Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores were dramatically reduced (WMD -2.27, 95% CI -3.53 to -1.02, P<0.01, I(2)=0%). The advantage of ABMSC transplantation could be maintained more than 24 weeks as displayed by time-courses of ALB, TBIL, and MELD score. ABMSC transplantation does provide beneficial effects for patients with liver failure. Therapeutic effects can last for 6 months. However, long-term effects need to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Wang
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine , Peoria, Illinois
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204
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Kumar R, Kumar Pate S, Rami Reddy B, Bhatt M, Karthik K, Gandham RK, Singh Mali Y, Dhama K. Apoptosis and Other Alternate Mechanisms of Cell Death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2015.646.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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205
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Choi HS, Kang JW, Lee SM. Melatonin attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis via inhibition of necroptosis. Transl Res 2015; 166:292-303. [PMID: 25936762 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the protective mechanisms of melatonin (MLT) associated with necroptosis signaling and damage-associated molecular patterns, which are mediated by the activation of pattern recognition receptors in liver fibrosis. Rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) dissolved in olive oil (1:3, vol/vol) twice a week (0.5 mL/kg) for 8 weeks. During this period, MLT was administered orally at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg once a day. Chronic CCl4 administration increased hepatic hydroxyproline content and hepatocellular damage. MLT attenuated these increases. The expression levels of transforming growth factor β1 and α-smooth muscle actin that were increased by chronic CCl4 exposure were attenuated by MLT. CCl4 significantly increased receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) expression, the formation of the RIP1 and RIP3 necrosome complex, and the level of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein in liver tissue, which were attenuated by MLT. MLT also attenuated CCl4-induced increases in serum high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interleukin 1α, as well as the interaction between HMGB1 receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The increases in toll-like receptor 4 expression, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases phosphorylation, and nuclear factor κB translocation were suppressed by MLT. MLT attenuated the overexpression of RAGE, increased level of early growth response protein 1, and increased messenger RNA level of macrophage inflammatory protein 2. Our findings suggest MLT may prevent liver fibrosis by inhibiting necroptosis-associated inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Sun Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sun-Mee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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206
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Lu C, Zhang F, Xu W, Wu X, Lian N, Jin H, Chen Q, Chen L, Shao J, Wu L, Lu Y, Zheng S. Curcumin attenuates ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis through modulating Nrf2/FXR signaling in hepatocytes. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:645-58. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Wenxuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xiafei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Naqi Lian
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Huanhuan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Lianyun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yin Lu
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
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207
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Ding W, Shang L, Huang JF, Li N, Chen D, Xue LX, Xiong K. Receptor interacting protein 3-induced RGC-5 cell necroptosis following oxygen glucose deprivation. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:49. [PMID: 26238997 PMCID: PMC4524047 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necroptosis is a type of regulated form of cell death that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3), a member of the RIP family of proteins, has been reported as an important necroptotic pathway mediator in regulating a variety of human diseases, such as myocardial ischemia, inflammatory bowel disease, and ischemic brain injury. Our previous study showed that RIP3 was expressed in rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), where it was significantly upregulated during the early stage of acute high intraocular pressure. Furthermore, RIP3 expression was co-localized with propidium iodide (PI)-positive staining (necrotic cells). These results suggested that RIP3 up-regulation might be involved in the necrosis of injured RGCs. In this study, we aimed to reveal the possible involvement of RIP3 in oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced retinal ganglion cell-5 (RGC-5) necroptosis. Methods RGC-5 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s-modified essential medium and necroptosis was induced by 8 h OGD. PI staining and flow cytometry were performed to detect RGC-5 necrosis. RIP3 expression was detected by western blot and flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of RIP3 on RGC-5 necroptosis following OGD in rip3 knockdown cells. Malondialdehyde (MDA) lipid peroxidation assay was performed to determine the degree of oxidative stress. Results PI staining showed that necrosis was present in the early stage of OGD-induced RGC-5 cell death. The presence of RGC-5 necroptosis after OGD was detected by flow cytometry using necrostatin-1, a necroptosis inhibitor. Western blot demonstrated that RIP3 up-regulation may be involved in RGC-5 necroptosis. Flow cytometry revealed that the number of OGD-induced necrotic RGC-5 cells was reduced after rip3 knockdown. Furthermore, MDA levels in the normal RGC-5 cells were much higher than in the rip3-knockdown cells after OGD. Conclusions Our findings suggest that RGC-5 cell necroptosis following OGD is mediated by a RIP3-induced increase in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morphological Sciences Building, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Lei Shang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morphological Sciences Building, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Ju-Fang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morphological Sciences Building, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Na Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morphological Sciences Building, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morphological Sciences Building, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Li-Xiang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morphological Sciences Building, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzi Po Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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208
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Aki T, Funakoshi T, Uemura K. Regulated necrosis and its implications in toxicology. Toxicology 2015; 333:118-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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209
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RIP1-Dependent Programmed Necrosis is Negatively Regulated by Caspases During Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion. Shock 2015; 44:72-6. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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210
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Protective Effects of Korean Red Ginseng against Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver in Rats. Molecules 2015; 20:11604-16. [PMID: 26111184 PMCID: PMC6272318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200611604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study tested the hypothesis that Korean red ginseng (KRG) provides a protective effect against alcoholic fatty liver. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 5% (w/v) alcohol or an isocaloric amount of dextrin-maltose for the controls for 6 weeks: normal control (CON), alcohol control (ET), and ET treated with 125 or 250 mg/kg body weight/day of KRG (RGL or RGH, respectively). Compared with the CON group, the ET group exhibited a significant increase in triglycerides, total cholesterol and the presence of lipid droplets in the liver, and a decrease in fat mass, which were all attenuated by KRG supplementation in adose-dependent manner. The mitigation was accompanied by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways in the liver and adipose tissue. In addition, suppression in the alcohol-induced changes of adipose adipokine mRNA expression was also observed in KRG supplementation group. These findings suggest that KRG may have the potential to ameliorate alcoholic fatty liver by suppressing inappropriate lysis of adipose tissue and preventing unnecessary de novo lipogenesis in the liver, which are mediated by AMPK signaling pathways. A mechanism for an interplay between the two organs is still needed to be examined with further assays.
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211
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Silke J, Rickard JA, Gerlic M. The diverse role of RIP kinases in necroptosis and inflammation. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:689-97. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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212
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Necroptosis is a key pathogenic event in human and experimental murine models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015. [PMID: 26201023 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte cell death, inflammation and oxidative stress constitute key pathogenic mechanisms underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the role of necroptosis in human and experimental NAFLD and its association with tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and oxidative stress. Serum markers of necrosis, liver receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) and phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) were evaluated in control individuals and patients with NAFLD. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) or RIP3-deficient (RIP3(-/-)) mice were fed a high-fat choline-deficient (HFCD) or methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, with subsequent histological and biochemical analysis of hepatic damage. In primary murine hepatocytes, necroptosis and oxidative stress were also assessed after necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) treatment or RIP3 silencing. We show that circulating markers of necrosis and TNF-α, as well as liver RIP3 and MLKL phosphorylation were increased in NAFLD. Likewise, RIP3 and MLKL protein levels and TNF-α expression were increased in the liver of HFCD and MCD diet-fed mice. Moreover, RIP3 and MLKL sequestration in the insoluble protein fraction of NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) mice liver lysates represented an early event during stetatohepatitis progression. Functional studies in primary murine hepatocytes established the association between TNF-α-induced RIP3 expression, activation of necroptosis and oxidative stress. Strikingly, RIP3 deficiency attenuated MCD diet-induced liver injury, steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress. In conclusion, necroptosis is increased in the liver of NAFLD patients and in experimental models of NASH. Further, TNF-α triggers RIP3-dependent oxidative stress during hepatocyte necroptosis. As such, targeting necroptosis appears to arrest or at least impair NAFLD progression.
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213
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Rodriguez DA, Weinlich R, Brown S, Guy C, Fitzgerald P, Dillon CP, Oberst A, Quarato G, Low J, Cripps JG, Chen T, Green DR. Characterization of RIPK3-mediated phosphorylation of the activation loop of MLKL during necroptosis. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:76-88. [PMID: 26024392 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) mediates necroptosis by translocating to the plasma membrane and inducing its rupture. The activation of MLKL occurs in a multimolecular complex (the 'necrosome'), which is comprised of MLKL, receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase (RIPK)-3 (RIPK3) and, in some cases, RIPK1. Within this complex, RIPK3 phosphorylates the activation loop of MLKL, promoting conformational changes and allowing the formation of MLKL oligomers, which migrate to the plasma membrane. Previous studies suggested that RIPK3 could phosphorylate the murine MLKL activation loop at Ser345, Ser347 and Thr349. Moreover, substitution of the Ser345 for an aspartic acid creates a constitutively active MLKL, independent of RIPK3 function. Here we examine the role of each of these residues and found that the phosphorylation of Ser345 is critical for RIPK3-mediated necroptosis, Ser347 has a minor accessory role and Thr349 seems to be irrelevant. We generated a specific monoclonal antibody to detect phospho-Ser345 in murine cells. Using this antibody, a series of MLKL mutants and a novel RIPK3 inhibitor, we demonstrate that the phosphorylation of Ser345 is not required for the interaction between RIPK3 and MLKL in the necrosome, but is essential for MLKL translocation, accumulation in the plasma membrane, and consequent necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - R Weinlich
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - S Brown
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - C Guy
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - P Fitzgerald
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - C P Dillon
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - A Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - G Quarato
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - J Low
- Department Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - J G Cripps
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - T Chen
- Department Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - D R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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214
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Gautheron
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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215
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Gautheron J, Vucur M, Reisinger F, Cardenas DV, Roderburg C, Koppe C, Kreggenwinkel K, Schneider AT, Bartneck M, Neumann UP, Canbay A, Reeves HL, Luedde M, Tacke F, Trautwein C, Heikenwalder M, Luedde T. A positive feedback loop between RIP3 and JNK controls non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:1062-74. [PMID: 24963148 PMCID: PMC4154133 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201403856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common liver disease in Western countries and often progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) leading ultimately to liver fibrosis and liver cancer. The occurrence of hepatocyte cell death—so far characterized as hepatocyte apoptosis—represents a fundamental step from benign steatosis toward progressive steatohepatitis. In contrast, the function of RIP3-dependent “necroptosis” in NASH and NASH-induced fibrosis is currently unknown. We show that RIP3 is upregulated in human NASH and in a dietary mouse model of steatohepatitis. RIP3 mediates liver injury, inflammation, induction of hepatic progenitor cells/activated cholangiocytes, and liver fibrosis through a pathway suppressed by Caspase-8. This function of RIP3 is mediated by a positive feedback loop involving activation of Jun-(N)-terminal Kinase (JNK). Furthermore, RIP3-dependent JNK activation promotes the release of pro-inflammatory mediators like MCP-1, thereby attracting macrophages to the injured liver and further augmenting RIP3-dependent signaling, cell death, and liver fibrosis. Thus, RIP3-dependent necroptosis controls NASH-induced liver fibrosis. This pathway might represent a novel and specific target for pharmacological strategies in patients with NASH. Subject Categories Digestive System; Metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Gautheron
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research Aachen, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Reisinger
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München für Gesundheit und Umwelt (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | - David Vargas Cardenas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christiane Koppe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karina Kreggenwinkel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Theres Schneider
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf Peter Neumann
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Helen Louise Reeves
- The Liver Group, Department of Medicine, Freeman Hospital Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Luedde
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München für Gesundheit und Umwelt (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine (Department of Medicine III), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Newton K. RIPK1 and RIPK3: critical regulators of inflammation and cell death. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:347-53. [PMID: 25662614 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RIPK1 and RIPK3 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinases 1/3) interact by virtue of their RIP homotypic interaction motifs to mediate a form of cell death called necroptosis, although mice lacking these kinases have very different phenotypes. RIPK1-deficient mice die soon after birth, whereas RIPK3-deficient mice are healthy. Necroptosis involves cell rupture and is triggered by tumor necrosis factor (TNF), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), or the T cell receptor (TCR) when pro-apoptotic caspase-8 is inhibited. Various mouse models of disease are ameliorated by RIPK3 deficiency, suggesting that necroptosis contributes to pathology. Genetic rescue experiments now reveal why RIPK3-deficient are viable but RIPK1-deficient mice are not. These and other experiments indicate unexpected complexity in the regulation of both apoptosis and necroptosis by RIPK1 and RIPK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Newton
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Pasparakis M, Vandenabeele P. Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015; 517:311-20. [PMID: 25592536 DOI: 10.1038/nature14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1442] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death has essential functions in development and in adult tissue homeostasis. Necroptosis is a newly discovered pathway of regulated necrosis that requires the proteins RIPK3 and MLKL and is induced by death receptors, interferons, toll-like receptors, intracellular RNA and DNA sensors, and probably other mediators. RIPK1 has important kinase-dependent and scaffolding functions that inhibit or trigger necroptosis and apoptosis. Mouse-model studies have revealed important functions for necroptosis in inflammation and suggested that it could be implicated in the pathogenesis of many human inflammatory diseases. We discuss the mechanisms regulating necroptosis and its potential role in inflammation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- 1] VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, UGhent-VIB Research Building FSVM, 9052 Ghent, Belgium [2] Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. [3] Methusalem program, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Pasparakis M, Vandenabeele P. Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14191 having 1479=1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pasparakis M, Vandenabeele P. Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14191 order by 1-- ocnp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14191 and 2810=2810-- wbae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14191 and make_set(6705=6705,9963)-- tutl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pasparakis M, Vandenabeele P. Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14191 having 6610=1325-- ftul] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pasparakis M, Vandenabeele P. Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14191 order by 1-- qnpz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14191 and 9718=9916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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