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Influence of variable domain glycosylation on anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies and anti-glomerular basement membrane autoantibodies. BMC Immunol 2012; 13:10. [PMID: 22404873 PMCID: PMC3324382 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiological significance of variable region glycosylation of autoantibodies is still unclear. In the current study, the influence of the variable region N-linked oligosaccharides on the reactivity of three autoantibody specificities was investigated with Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), which mainly binds to oligosaccharides with terminal α2, 6-linked sialic acid on the variable region of IgG. Methods Twenty-seven patients with serum positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) against myeploperoxidase (MPO) or proteinase 3 (PR3), or autoantibodies against glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were included. Total IgG was isolated and separated into non-SNA-binding and SNA-binding fractions with SNA affinity chromatography. Antigen-specific IgG was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. Results At the same concentration of IgG, the antigen binding level of non-SNA-binding IgG was significantly lower than that of SNA-binding IgG for MPO-ANCA (absorbance value at 405 nm, 0.572 ± 0.590 vs. 0.962 ± 0.670, P < 0.001) and for PR3-ANCA (0.362 ± 0.530 vs. 0.560 ± 0.531, P = 0.003). The antigen binding level of non-SNA-binding IgG was significantly higher than that of SNA-binding IgG for anti-GBM antibodies (1.301 ± 0.594 vs. 1.172 ± 0.583, P = 0.044). The level of variable region glycosylation of total IgG was significantly lower than that of affinity-purified MPO-ANCA (1.021 ± 0.201 vs. 1.434 ± 0.134, P = 0.004). The level of variable region glycosylation of total IgG was significantly higher than that of affinity-purified anti-GBM antibodies (1.034 ± 0.340 vs. 0.734 ± 0.333, P = 0.007). The SNA-binding fraction of MPO-ANCA-containing IgG and PR3-ANCA-containing IgG induced higher levels of neutrophil oxygen radical production than the corresponding non-SNA-binding fractions (P < 0.001 and P = 0.043, respectively). The level of variable region glycosylation of affinity-purified MPO-ANCA was higher in active AAV than the same patients in remission (P = 0.001). Conclusion Characteristics of variable region glycosylation of ANCA and anti-GBM antibodies were different from that of total IgG, which might influence the antigen-binding ability of these antibodies. Variable region glycosylation of ANCA might influence the effect of ANCA-induced neutrophils respiratory burst.
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202
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Jiang XG, Apostol I, Luo Q, Lewis J, Keener R, Luo S, Jerums M, Zhang X, Wypych J, Huang G. Quantification of protein posttranslational modifications using stable isotope and mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2012; 421:506-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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203
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Quantification of protein posttranslational modifications using stable isotope and mass spectrometry. II. Performance. Anal Biochem 2012; 421:517-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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204
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Kaltashov IA, Bobst CE, Abzalimov RR, Wang G, Baykal B, Wang S. Advances and challenges in analytical characterization of biotechnology products: mass spectrometry-based approaches to study properties and behavior of protein therapeutics. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:210-22. [PMID: 21619926 PMCID: PMC3176981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals are a unique class of medicines due to their extreme structural complexity. The structure of these therapeutic proteins is critically important for their efficacy and safety, and the ability to characterize it at various levels (from sequence to conformation) is critical not only at the quality control stage, but also throughout the discovery and design stages. Biological mass spectrometry (MS) offers a variety of approaches to study structure and behavior of complex protein drugs and has already become a default tool for characterizing the covalent structure of protein therapeutics, including sequence and post-translational modifications. Recently, MS-based methods have also begun enjoying a dramatic growth in popularity as a means to provide information on higher order structure and dynamics of biotechnology products. In particular, hydrogen/deuterium exchange MS and charge state distribution analysis of protein ions in electrospray ionization (ESI) MS offer a convenient way to assess the integrity of protein conformation. Native ESI MS also allows the interactions of protein drugs with their therapeutic targets and other physiological partners to be monitored using simple model systems. MS-based methods are also applied to study pharmacokinetics of biopharmaceutical products, where they begin to rival traditional immunoassays. MS already provides valuable support to all stages of development of biopharmaceuticals, from discovery to post-approval monitoring, and its impact on the field of biopharmaceutical analysis will undoubtedly continue to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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205
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Cooper BT, Sanzgiri RD, Maxey SB. Probing the conformational behavior of a monoclonal antibody with surfactant affinity capillary electrophoresis (SurfACE). Analyst 2012; 137:5777-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an36060h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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206
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Alvarez M, Tremintin G, Wang J, Eng M, Kao YH, Jeong J, Ling VT, Borisov OV. On-line characterization of monoclonal antibody variants by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry operating in a two-dimensional format. Anal Biochem 2011; 419:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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207
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Archer-Hartmann SA, Crihfield CL, Holland LA. Online enzymatic sequencing of glycans from Trastuzumab by phospholipid-assisted capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:3491-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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208
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Tsybin YO, Fornelli L, Stoermer C, Luebeck M, Parra J, Nallet S, Wurm FM, Hartmer R. Structural Analysis of Intact Monoclonal Antibodies by Electron Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8919-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201293m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yury O. Tsybin
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luca Fornelli
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Julien Parra
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Nallet
- Cellular Biotechnology Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian M. Wurm
- Cellular Biotechnology Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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209
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Bongers J, Devincentis J, Fu J, Huang P, Kirkley DH, Leister K, Liu P, Ludwig R, Rumney K, Tao L, Wu W, Russell RJ. Characterization of glycosylation sites for a recombinant IgG1 monoclonal antibody and a CTLA4-Ig fusion protein by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry peptide mapping. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8140-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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210
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Zhang Z. Prediction of Collision-Induced-Dissociation Spectra of Peptides with Post-translational or Process-Induced Modifications. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8642-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2020917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Zhang
- Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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211
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Bobst CE, Kaltashov IA. Advanced mass spectrometry-based methods for the analysis of conformational integrity of biopharmaceutical products. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2011; 12:1517-29. [PMID: 21542797 PMCID: PMC3375681 DOI: 10.2174/138920111798357311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry has already become an indispensable tool in the analytical armamentarium of the biopharmaceutical industry, although its current uses are limited to characterization of covalent structure of recombinant protein drugs. However, the scope of applications of mass spectrometry-based methods is beginning to expand to include characterization of the higher order structure and dynamics of biopharmaceutical products, a development which is catalyzed by the recent progress in mass spectrometry-based methods to study higher order protein structure. The two particularly promising methods that are likely to have the most significant and lasting impact in many areas of biopharmaceutical analysis, direct ESI MS and hydrogen/deuterium exchange, are focus of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric E. Bobst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst
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212
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Miller AK, Hambly DM, Kerwin BA, Treuheit MJ, Gadgil HS. Characterization of Site-Specific Glycation During Process Development of a Human Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:2543-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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213
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Tipton JD, Tran JC, Catherman AD, Ahlf DR, Durbin KR, Kelleher NL. Analysis of intact protein isoforms by mass spectrometry. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:25451-8. [PMID: 21632550 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r111.239442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse proteome of an organism arises from such events as single nucleotide substitutions at the DNA level, different RNA processing, and dynamic enzymatic post-translational modifications. This minireview focuses on the measurement of intact proteins to describe the diversity found in proteomes. The field of biological mass spectrometry has steadily advanced, enabling improvements in the characterization of single proteins to proteins derived from cells or tissues. In this minireview, we discuss the basic technology for "top-down" intact protein analysis. Furthermore, examples of studies involved with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of full-length polypeptides are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah D Tipton
- Departmen of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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214
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Luo Q, Joubert MK, Stevenson R, Ketchem RR, Narhi LO, Wypych J. Chemical modifications in therapeutic protein aggregates generated under different stress conditions. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:25134-44. [PMID: 21518762 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.160440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the chemical modifications in the monoclonal antibody (IgG(2)) aggregates generated under various conditions, including mechanical, chemical, and thermal stress treatment, to provide insight into the mechanism of protein aggregation and the types of aggregate produced by the different stresses. In a separate study, additional biophysical characterization was performed to arrange these aggregates into a classification system (Joubert, M. K., Luo, Q., Nashed-Samuel, Y., Wypych, J., and Narhi, L. O. (2011) J. Biol. Chem. 286, 25118-25133). Here, we report that different aggregates possessed different types and levels of chemical modification. For chemically treated samples, metal-catalyzed oxidation using copper showed site-specific oxidation of Met(246), His(304), and His(427) in the Fc portion of the antibody, which might be attributed to a putative copper-binding site. For the hydrogen peroxide-treated sample, in contrast, four solvent-exposed Met residues in the Fc portion were completely oxidized. Met and/or Trp oxidation was observed in the mechanically stressed samples, which is in agreement with the proposed model of protein interaction at the air-liquid interface. Heat treatment resulted in significant deamidation but almost no oxidation, which is consistent with thermally induced aggregates being generated by a different pathway, primarily by perturbing conformational stability. These results demonstrate that chemical modifications are present in protein aggregates; furthermore, the type, locations, and severity of the modifications depend on the specific conditions that generated the aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhou Luo
- Department of Analytical and Formulation Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.
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215
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Tomita S, Shiraki K. Why do solution additives suppress the heat-induced inactivation of proteins? Inhibition of chemical modifications. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:855-62. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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216
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Richardson J, Shah B, Xiao G, Bondarenko PV, Zhang Z. Automated in-solution protein digestion using a commonly available high-performance liquid chromatography autosampler. Anal Biochem 2011; 411:284-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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217
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Wang Y, Lu Q, Wu SL, Karger BL, Hancock WS. Characterization and comparison of disulfide linkages and scrambling patterns in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: using LC-MS with electron transfer dissociation. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3133-40. [PMID: 21428412 DOI: 10.1021/ac200128d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The disulfides in three monoclonal antibodies (mAb), the anti-HER2, anti-CD11a, and GLP-1 with IgG4-Fc fusion protein, were completely mapped by LC-MS with the combination of electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) and collision induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation. In addition to mapping the 4 inter- and 12 intrachain disulfides (total 16), the identification of scrambled disulfides in degraded samples (heat-stress) was achieved. The scrambling was likely attributed to an initial breakage between the light (Cys 214) and heavy (Cys 223) chains in anti-HER2, with the same observation found in a similar therapeutic mAb, anti-CD11a. On the other hand, the fusion antibody, with no light chain but containing only two heavy chains, generated much less scrambling under the same heat-stressed conditions. The preferred sites of scrambling were identified, such as the intrachain disulfide for CxxC in the heavy chain, and the C194 of the heavy chain pairing with the terminal Cys residue (C214) in the light chain. The interchain disulfides between the light and heavy chains were weaker than the interchain disulfides between the two heavy chains. The relative high abundance ions observed in ETD provided strong evidence for the linked peptide information, which was particularly useful for the identification of the scrambled disulfides. The use of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) helped the separation of these misfolded proteins for the determination of scrambled disulfide linkages. This methodology is useful for comparison of disulfide stability generated from different structural designs and providing a new way to determine the scrambling patterns, which could be applied for those seeking to determine unknown disulfide linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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218
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Abstract
Antibody-based separation methods, such as immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), are powerful purification and isolation techniques. Antibodies isolated using these techniques have proven highly efficient in applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. IAC is an efficient antibody separation method which exploits the binding efficiency of a ligand to an antibody. Essential to the successful design of any IAC platform is the optimisation of critical experimental parameters such as: (a) the biological affinity pair, (b) the matrix support, (c) the immobilisation coupling chemistry, and (d) the effective elution conditions. These elements and the practicalities of their use are discussed in detail in this review. At the core of all IAC platforms is the high-affinity interactions between antibodies and their related ligands; hence, this review entails a brief introduction to the generation of antibodies for use in IAC and also provides specific examples of their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fitzgerald
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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219
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Haselberg R, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for the analysis of intact proteins 2007-2010. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:66-82. [PMID: 21171114 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CE coupled to MS has proven to be a powerful analytical tool for the characterization of intact proteins, as it combines the high separation efficiency of CE with the selectivity of MS. This review provides an overview of the development and application of CE-MS methods within the field of intact protein analysis as published between January 2007 and June 2010. Ongoing technological developments with respect to CE-MS interfacing, capillary coatings for CE-MS, coupling of CIEF with MS and chip-based CE-MS are treated. Furthermore, CE-MS of intact proteins involving ESI, MALDI and ICP ionization is outlined and overviews of the use of the various CE-MS methods are provided by tables. Representative examples illustrate the applicability of CE-MS for the characterization of proteins, including glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, protein-ligand complexes, biomarkers and dietary proteins. It is concluded that CE-MS is a valuable technique with high potential for intact protein analysis, providing useful information on protein identity and purity, including modifications and degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Haselberg
- Department of Biomedical Analysis, Utrecht University, TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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220
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An antibody-based biomarker discovery method by mass spectrometry sequencing of complementarity determining regions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1081-91. [PMID: 21107826 PMCID: PMC3018266 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies are increasingly used as biomarkers in the detection of autoimmune disorders and cancer. Disease specific antibodies are generally detected by their binding to specific antigens. As an alternative approach, we propose to identify specific complementarity determining regions (CDR) of IgG that relate to an autoimmune disorder or cancer instead of the specific antigen(s). In this manuscript, we tested the technical feasibility to detect and identify CDRs of specific antibodies by mass spectrometry. We used a commercial pooled IgG preparation as well as purified serum IgG fractions that were spiked with different amounts of a fully human monoclonal antibody (adalimumab). These samples were enzymatically digested and analyzed by nanoLC Orbitrap mass spectrometry. In these samples, we were able to identify peptides derived from the CDRs of adalimumab. These peptides could be detected at an amount of 110 attomole, 5 orders of magnitude lower than the total IgG concentration in these samples. Using higher energy collision induced dissociation (HCD) fragmentation and subsequent de novo sequencing, we could successfully identify 50% of the detectable CDR peptides of adalimumab. In addition, we demonstrated that an affinity purification with anti-dinitrophenol (DNP) monoclonal antibody enhanced anti-DNP derived CDR detection in a serum IgG background. In conclusion, specific CDR peptides could be detected and sequenced at relatively low levels (attomole-femtomole range) which should allow the detection of clinically relevant CDR peptides in patient samples.
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221
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Zhang Z, Shah B. Prediction of Collision-Induced Dissociation Spectra of Common N-Glycopeptides for Glycoform Identification. Anal Chem 2010; 82:10194-202. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102359u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Zhang
- Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Bhavana Shah
- Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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222
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Chen G, Warrack BM, Goodenough AK, Wei H, Wang-Iverson DB, Tymiak AA. Characterization of protein therapeutics by mass spectrometry: recent developments and future directions. Drug Discov Today 2010; 16:58-64. [PMID: 21093608 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a powerful technology in the discovery and development of protein therapeutics in the biopharmaceutical industry. This review article describes recent developments and future trends in the characterization of protein therapeutics using MS. We discuss top-down MS for the characterization of protein modifications, hydrogen/deuterium exchange MS and ion mobility MS methods for higher order protein structure studies. Quantitative analysis of protein therapeutics (in vivo) by MS as an orthogonal approach to immunoassay for pharmacokinetics studies will also be illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Chen
- Bioanalytical and Discovery Analytical Sciences, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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223
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Nwosu CC, Strum JS, An HJ, Lebrilla CB. Enhanced detection and identification of glycopeptides in negative ion mode mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9654-62. [PMID: 21049935 DOI: 10.1021/ac101856r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A combined mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) approach implemented with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI FTICR MS) in the negative ion mode is described for enhanced glycopeptide detection and MS/MS analysis. Positive ion mode MS analysis is widely used for glycopeptide characterization, but the analyses are hampered by potential charge-induced fragmentation of the glycopeptides and poor detection of the glycopeptides harboring sialic acids. Furthermore, tandem MS analysis (MS/MS) via collision-induced dissociation (CID) of glycopeptides in the positive ion mode predominantly yields glycan fragmentation with minimal information to verify the connecting peptide moiety. In this study, glycoproteins such as, bovine lactoferrin (b-LF) for N-glycosylation and kappa casein (k-CN) for O-glycosylation were analyzed in both the positive- and negative ion modes after digestion with bead-immobilized Pronase. For the b-LF analysis, 44 potential N-linked glycopeptides were detected in the positive ion mode while 61 potential N-linked glycopeptides were detected in the negative ion mode. By the same token, more O-linked glycopeptides mainly harboring sialic acids from k-CN were detected in the negative ion mode. The enhanced glycopeptide detection allowed improved site-specific analysis of protein glycosylation and superior to positive ion mode detection. Overall, the negative ion mode approach is aimed toward enhanced N- and O-linked glycopeptide detection and to serve as a complementary tool to positive ion mode MS/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Nwosu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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224
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Persson P, Engström A, Rasmussen LK, Holmberg E, Frandsen TP. Development of Mass Spectrometry Based Techniques for the Identification and Determination of Compositional Variability in Recombinant Polyclonal Antibody Products. Anal Chem 2010; 82:7274-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101175w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Persson
- Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB, Tomtebodavägen 23 A, SE-112 76 Stockholm, Sweden, and Symphogen A/S, Elektrovej building 375, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Engström
- Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB, Tomtebodavägen 23 A, SE-112 76 Stockholm, Sweden, and Symphogen A/S, Elektrovej building 375, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lone K. Rasmussen
- Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB, Tomtebodavägen 23 A, SE-112 76 Stockholm, Sweden, and Symphogen A/S, Elektrovej building 375, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Erland Holmberg
- Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB, Tomtebodavägen 23 A, SE-112 76 Stockholm, Sweden, and Symphogen A/S, Elektrovej building 375, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Torben P. Frandsen
- Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB, Tomtebodavägen 23 A, SE-112 76 Stockholm, Sweden, and Symphogen A/S, Elektrovej building 375, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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225
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Kükrer B, Filipe V, van Duijn E, Kasper PT, Vreeken RJ, Heck AJR, Jiskoot W. Mass spectrometric analysis of intact human monoclonal antibody aggregates fractionated by size-exclusion chromatography. Pharm Res 2010; 27:2197-204. [PMID: 20680668 PMCID: PMC2939344 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a method to characterize intact soluble monoclonal IgG1 antibody (IgG) oligomers by mass spectrometry. Methods IgG aggregates (dimers, trimers, tetramers and high-molecular-weight oligomers) were created by subjecting an IgG formulation to several pH jumps. Protein oligomer fractions were isolated by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC), dialyzed against ammonium acetate pH 6.0 (a mass spectrometry-compatible volatile buffer), and analyzed by native electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF MS). Results Monomeric and aggregated IgG fractions in the stressed IgG formulation were successfully isolated by HP-SEC. ESI-TOF MS analysis enabled us to determine the molecular weight of the monomeric IgG as well as the aggregates, including dimers, trimers and tetramers. HP-SEC separation and sample preparation proved to be necessary for good quality signal in ESI-TOF MS. Both the HP-SEC protocol and the ESI-TOF mass spectrometric technique were shown to leave the IgG oligomers largely intact. Conclusions ESI-TOF MS is a useful tool complementary to HP-SEC to identify and characterize small oligomeric protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Kükrer
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vasco Filipe
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther van Duijn
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group and Netherlands Proteomics Center, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Piotr T. Kasper
- Netherlands Metabolomics Center, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Analytical Biosciences Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J. Vreeken
- Netherlands Metabolomics Center, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Analytical Biosciences Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group and Netherlands Proteomics Center, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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226
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Pristatsky P, Cohen SL, Krantz D, Acevedo J, Ionescu R, Vlasak J. Evidence for trisulfide bonds in a recombinant variant of a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody. Anal Chem 2010; 81:6148-55. [PMID: 19591437 DOI: 10.1021/ac9006254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hinge region of human IgG2 contains four cysteine residues involved in disulfide linkages between the heavy chains, as well as the heavy and light chains. These linkages provide the fundamental framework of three distinct IgG2 disulfide isoforms recently described. Here, we detail another, disulfide-related post-translational modification in a recombinant variant of human IgG2. Heterogeneity associated with this antibody was separated into several fractions by anion-exchange chromatography (AEX), which is an important initial step that highlights the resolving power of surface charge-based HPLC techniques. Mass spectrometry of the intact antibody revealed weakly resolved discrete covalent additions of 25-35 Da in one of the two main AEX fractions. Digestion by endoproteinase Lys-C performed under nonreducing conditions, as well as tandem MS experiments, narrowed the modification to the peptide-containing disulfide-bridged hinge structure. High mass resolution and accuracy measurements of the peptide strongly suggested an addition of one or two S atoms. The modification could be eliminated by a mild reducing treatment of the intact antibody. Overall, these findings are consistent with the replacement of up to two disulfide bridges (S-S) with a like number of trisulfides (S-S-S) in the antibody hinge. The trisulfide modification is rather uncommon for proteins and its possible origins in the IgG2 variant are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Pristatsky
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
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227
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Aono H, Wen D, Zang L, Houde D, Pepinsky RB, Evans DRH. Efficient on-column conversion of IgG1 trisulfide linkages to native disulfides in tandem with Protein A affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5225-32. [PMID: 20598700 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein trisulfide linkages are generated by the post-translational insertion of a sulfur atom into a disulfide bond. Molecular heterogeneity was detected in a recombinant IgG(1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) and attributed to the presence of a protein trisulfide moiety. The predominant site of trisulfide modification was the bond between the heavy and light chains. The trisulfide was eliminated during purification of the IgG(1) mAb via a cysteine wash step incorporated into Protein A affinity column chromatography. Analysis of the cysteine-treated mAb by electrophoresis and peptide mapping indicated that the trisulfide linkages were efficiently converted to intact disulfide bonds (13% trisulfide decreased consistently to 1% or less) without disulfide scrambling or an increase in free sulfhydryls. The on-column trisulfide conversion caused no change in protein folding detectable by hydrogen/deuterium exchange or differential scanning calorimetry. Consistent with this, binding of the mAb to its antigen in vitro was insensitive to the presence of the trisulfide modification and to its removal by the on-column cysteine treatment. Similar, high efficiency trisulfide conversion was achieved for a second IgG(1) mAb using the column wash strategy (at least 7% trisulfide decreased to 1% or less). Therefore, trisulfide/disulfide heterogeneity can be eliminated from IgG(1) molecules via a convenient and inexpensive procedure compatible with routine Protein A affinity capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Aono
- Biogen Idec Inc., Department of Bioprocess Development, 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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228
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Zhang Z. Prediction of electron-transfer/capture dissociation spectra of peptides. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1990-2005. [PMID: 20148580 DOI: 10.1021/ac902733z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An empirical model, based on classic kinetics, was developed for quantitative prediction of electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) and electron-capture dissociation (ECD) spectra of peptides. The model includes most fragmentation pathways described in the literature plus some additional pathways based on the author's assumptions and observations. The ETD model was trained with more than 7000 ETD spectra, with and without supplemental activation. The ECD model was trained with more than 6000 ECD spectra. The trained ETD and ECD models are able to predict ETD and ECD spectra with reasonable accuracy in ion intensities for peptide precursors up to 4000 u in mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Zhang
- Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.
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229
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Kellie JF, Tran JC, Lee JE, Ahlf DR, Thomas HM, Ntai I, Catherman AD, Durbin KR, Zamdborg L, Vellaichamy A, Thomas PM, Kelleher NL. The emerging process of Top Down mass spectrometry for protein analysis: biomarkers, protein-therapeutics, and achieving high throughput. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:1532-9. [PMID: 20711533 DOI: 10.1039/c000896f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Top Down mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as an alternative to common Bottom Up strategies for protein analysis. In the Top Down approach, intact proteins are fragmented directly in the mass spectrometer to achieve both protein identification and characterization, even capturing information on combinatorial post-translational modifications. Just in the past two years, Top Down MS has seen incremental advances in instrumentation and dedicated software, and has also experienced a major boost from refined separations of whole proteins in complex mixtures that have both high recovery and reproducibility. Combined with steadily advancing commercial MS instrumentation and data processing, a high-throughput workflow covering intact proteins and polypeptides up to 70 kDa is directly visible in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Kellie
- Technology Development Team, Center for Top Down Proteomics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
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230
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Resemann A, Wunderlich D, Rothbauer U, Warscheid B, Leonhardt H, Fuchser J, Kuhlmann K, Suckau D. Top-Down de Novo Protein Sequencing of a 13.6 kDa Camelid Single Heavy Chain Antibody by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:3283-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Resemann
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany, Department of Biology and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany, and Clinical & Cellular Proteomics, Medical Faculty and Center for Medical Biotechnology, Duisburg-Essen University, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Wunderlich
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany, Department of Biology and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany, and Clinical & Cellular Proteomics, Medical Faculty and Center for Medical Biotechnology, Duisburg-Essen University, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany, Department of Biology and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany, and Clinical & Cellular Proteomics, Medical Faculty and Center for Medical Biotechnology, Duisburg-Essen University, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany, Department of Biology and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany, and Clinical & Cellular Proteomics, Medical Faculty and Center for Medical Biotechnology, Duisburg-Essen University, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany, Department of Biology and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany, and Clinical & Cellular Proteomics, Medical Faculty and Center for Medical Biotechnology, Duisburg-Essen University, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Fuchser
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany, Department of Biology and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany, and Clinical & Cellular Proteomics, Medical Faculty and Center for Medical Biotechnology, Duisburg-Essen University, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Katja Kuhlmann
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany, Department of Biology and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany, and Clinical & Cellular Proteomics, Medical Faculty and Center for Medical Biotechnology, Duisburg-Essen University, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Detlev Suckau
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany, Department of Biology and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Grosshaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany, and Clinical & Cellular Proteomics, Medical Faculty and Center for Medical Biotechnology, Duisburg-Essen University, 45117 Essen, Germany
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231
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Kaltashov IA, Bobst CE, Abzalimov RR, Berkowitz SA, Houde D. Conformation and dynamics of biopharmaceuticals: transition of mass spectrometry-based tools from academe to industry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:323-37. [PMID: 19963397 PMCID: PMC2827695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry plays a very visible role in biopharmaceutical industry, although its use in development, characterization, and quality control of protein drugs is mostly limited to the analysis of covalent structure (amino acid sequence and post-translational modifications). Despite the centrality of protein conformation to biological activity, stability, and safety of biopharmaceutical products, the expanding arsenal of mass spectrometry-based methods that are currently available to probe higher order structure and conformational dynamics of biopolymers did not, until recently, enjoy much attention in the industry. This is beginning to change as a result of recent work demonstrating the utility of these experimental tools for various aspects of biopharmaceutical product development and manufacturing. In this work, we use a paradigmatic protein drug interferon beta-1a as an example to illustrate the utility of mass spectrometry as a powerful tool not only to assess the integrity of higher order structure of a protein drug, but also to predict consequences of its degradation at a variety of levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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232
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Gu S, Wen D, Weinreb PH, Sun Y, Zhang L, Foley SF, Kshirsagar R, Evans D, Mi S, Meier W, Pepinsky RB. Characterization of trisulfide modification in antibodies. Anal Biochem 2010; 400:89-98. [PMID: 20085742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trisulfides are a posttranslational modification formed by the insertion of a sulfur atom into a disulfide bond. Although reports for trisulfides in proteins are limited, we find that they are a common modification in natural and recombinant antibodies of all immunoglobulin G (IgG) subtypes. Trisulfides were detected only in interchain linkages and were predominantly in the light-heavy linkages. Factors that lead to trisulfide formation and elimination and their impact on activity and stability were investigated. The peptide mapping methods developed for characterization and quantification of trisulfides should be applicable to any antibody and can be easily adapted for other types of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gu
- Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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233
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Zhang J, Liu H, Katta V. Structural characterization of intact antibodies by high-resolution LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2010; 45:112-120. [PMID: 19943324 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) can be heterogeneous due to modifications that can occur during expression, purification or during storage. These large multichain proteins (approximately 150 kDa) are structurally challenging for detailed characterization to identify the sites of modifications. We report the use of LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometry to accurately measure the average masses of individual glycoforms by direct infusion of an intact antibody. To identify the site-specific modification of methionines in the antibody caused by forced oxidation, we used a 'middle-down' approach. The antibody was subjected to limited digestion using the endoproteinase Lys-C and reduced to generate Fab heavy chain, single chain Fc and light chain fragments (approximately 25 kDa each). These species were subjected to on-line liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis using an LTQ Orbitrap, where these large precursors were dissociated by higher-energy collisions in the C-trap. High resolution and accuracy achieved for resulting fragments allowed us to show in a site-specific manner that only the methionines in the Fc heavy chain were oxidized under the studied conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zhang
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., MS62, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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234
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Zhang Z. Large-Scale Identification and Quantification of Covalent Modifications in Therapeutic Proteins. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8354-64. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901193n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Zhang
- Process and Product Development, Amgen, M/S 30E-1-B, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
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235
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Bondarenko PV, Second TP, Zabrouskov V, Makarov AA, Zhang Z. Mass measurement and top-down HPLC/MS analysis of intact monoclonal antibodies on a hybrid linear quadrupole ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:1415-1424. [PMID: 19409810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mass and top-down analyses of 150-kDa monoclonal immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) antibodies were performed on an Orbitrap analyzer. Three different sample delivery methods were tested including (1) infusion of an off-line desalted IgG sample using nano-electrospray; (2) on-line desalting followed by a step elution with a high percentage of organic solvent; and (3) reversed-phase HPLC separation and on-line mass and top-down analyses of disulfide isoforms of an IgG2 antibody. The accuracy of mass measurements of intact antibody was within +/-2 Da (15 ppm). The glycoforms of intact IgG antibodies separated by 162 Da were baseline resolved. In-source fragmentation of the intact antibodies produced mainly 115 residue fragments including N-terminal variable domains of heavy and light chains. The sequence coverage (the number of cleavages) was greatly increased after reduction of disulfide bonds and HPLC/MS/MS analysis of light and heavy chains using collision-induced dissociation in the ion trap of the LTQ-Orbitrap. This is an attractive alternative to peptide mapping for characterization and monitoring of post-translational modifications attributed to minimal sample preparation, high speed of the mass/top-down analysis, and relatively minor method-induced sample modifications.
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236
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Atmanene C, Wagner-Rousset E, Malissard M, Chol B, Robert A, Corvaïa N, Dorsselaer AV, Beck A, Sanglier-Cianférani S. Extending Mass Spectrometry Contribution to Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Lead Optimization: Characterization of Immune Complexes Using Noncovalent ESI-MS. Anal Chem 2009; 81:6364-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9007557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Atmanene
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Elsa Wagner-Rousset
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Martine Malissard
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Bertrand Chol
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Alain Robert
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Nathalie Corvaïa
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Alain Beck
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
| | - Sarah- Sanglier-Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique
(LSMBO), IPHC-DSA, University of Strasbourg UDS,CNRS, UMR7178; 25
rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Centre d’Immunologie
Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164 Saint-Julien-En-Genevois,
France
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237
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Duncan MW, Yergey AL, Patterson SD. Quantifying proteins by mass spectrometry: the selectivity of SRM is only part of the problem. Proteomics 2009; 9:1124-7. [PMID: 19253279 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Precise and accurate protein quantification is critical to many areas of proteomics. Antibody-based approaches are costly and time-consuming to develop, consequently, there is considerable interest in alternative quantitative methods that are versatile and can be implemented without the considerable delays associated with antibody development and characterization. Approaches based on MS have therefore attracted considerable attention and are now frequently touted as the most practical and powerful of all options. Nevertheless, there are serious limitations associated with quantifying a protein based on tandem mass analysis of one or two peptides generated by either chemical or enzymatic cleavage. In an accompanying Viewpoint article, Molloy and coworkers point out that selectivity is not necessarily guaranteed despite the power of SRM. Here we address an additional concern that can also compromise specificity. In complex mammalian systems, multiple proteins can serve as precursors of a single peptide and consequently, depending on the peptide(s) selected, protein levels may be significantly under- or overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Duncan
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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238
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Reichert JM, Jacob N, Amanullah A. Second International Conference on Accelerating Biopharmaceutical Development: March 9-12, 2009, Coronado, CA USA. MAbs 2009; 1:190-209. [PMID: 20065637 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.1.3.8491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Second International Conference on Accelerating Biopharmaceutical Development was held in Coronado, California. The meeting was organized by the Society for Biological Engineering (SBE) and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE); SBE is a technological community of the AIChE. Bob Adamson (Wyeth) and Chuck Goochee (Centocor) were co-chairs of the event, which had the theme "Delivering cost-effective, robust processes and methods quickly and efficiently." The first day focused on emerging disruptive technologies and cutting-edge analytical techniques. Day two featured presentations on accelerated cell culture process development, critical quality attributes, specifications and comparability, and high throughput protein formulation development. The final day was dedicated to discussion of technology options and new analysis methods provided by emerging disruptive technologies; functional interaction, integration and synergy in platform development; and rapid and economic purification process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Reichert
- Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development; Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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