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Tejero R, Bierbaum S, Douglas T, Reinstorf A, Worch H, Scharnweber D. Glucuronic acid and phosphoserine act as mineralization mediators of collagen I based biomimetic substrates. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:407-418. [PMID: 19941043 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glucuronic acid (GlcA) and phosphoserine (pS) carrying acidic functional groups were used as model molecules for glycosaminoglycans and phosphoproteins, respectively to mimic effects of native biomolecules and influence the mineralization behaviour of collagen I. Collagen substrates modified with GlcA showed a stable interaction between GlcA and collagen fibrils. Substrates were mineralized using the electrochemically assisted deposition (ECAD) in a Ca(2+)/H( x )PO (4) ((3-x)) electrolyte at physiological pH and temperature. During mineralization of collagen-GlcA matrices, crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) formed earlier with increasing GlcA content of the collagen matrix, while the addition of pS to the electrolyte succeeded in inhibiting the transformation of preformed amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) to HA. The lower density of the resulting mineralization and the coalesced aggregates formed at a certain pS concentration suggest an interaction between calcium and the phosphate groups of pS involving the formation of complexes. Combining GlcA-modified collagen and pS-modified electrolyte showed dose-dependent cooperative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Tejero
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, Budapester Str. 27, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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202
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KAWAI T, ANADA T, HONDA Y, KAMAKURA S, MATSUI A, MATSUI K, ECHIGO S, SUZUKI O. Analysis of osteoblastic cell differentiation by synthetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP) as compared with commercially available β-TCP ceramic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5794/jjoms.56.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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203
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204
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Raman Spectroscopy of Bone and Cartilage. EMERGING RAMAN APPLICATIONS AND TECHNIQUES IN BIOMEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL FIELDS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02649-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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205
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Suzuki Y, Kamakura S, Honda Y, Anada T, Hatori K, Sasaki K, Suzuki O. Appositional Bone Formation by OCP-Collagen Composite. J Dent Res 2009; 88:1107-12. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034509351378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP) has been shown to enhance bone formation and to biodegrade if implanted into bone defects. Here, we hypothesized that an OCP-atelocollagen complex (OCP/Col) is biodegradable and can induce bone formation in a thickness-dependent manner when implanted into the calvaria. OCP/Col disks (diameter, 9 mm; thickness, 1 or 3 mm) were implanted into a subperiosteal pocket in the calvaria of 12-week-old Wistar rats for 4, 8, and 12 weeks and subsequent bone formation was monitored. X-ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that OCP in the OCP/Col implants was converted into a carbonate-rich apatite after 4 weeks. Although thinner disks tended to be replaced by new bone, thicker disks were progressively resorbed by osteoclast-like cells until 12 weeks, possibly via the increased mechanical load in the subperiosteal pocket. Therefore, OCP/Col can increase appositional intra-membranous bone formation if the appropriate size of the implant is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Suzuki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry and
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan; and
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan
| | - S. Kamakura
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry and
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan; and
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan
| | - Y. Honda
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry and
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan; and
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan
| | - T. Anada
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry and
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan; and
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan
| | - K. Hatori
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry and
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan; and
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan
| | - K. Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry and
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan; and
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan
| | - O. Suzuki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry and
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8575, Japan; and
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2–1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan
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206
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Fuji T, Anada T, Honda Y, Shiwaku Y, Koike H, Kamakura S, Sasaki K, Suzuki O. Octacalcium Phosphate–Precipitated Alginate Scaffold for Bone Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:3525-35. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fuji
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Honda
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukari Shiwaku
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroko Koike
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Division of Bone Regenerative Engineering, Department of Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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207
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Jiang W, Chu X, Wang B, Pan H, Xu X, Tang R. Biomimetically Triggered Inorganic Crystal Transformation by Biomolecules: A New Understanding of Biomineralization. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:10838-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904633f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Jiang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Xiaobin Chu
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Haihua Pan
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Xurong Xu
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
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208
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rey
- University of Toulouse, CIRIMAT, ENSIACET, 118 Route de Narbonne 31077, Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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209
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Intramembranous bone tissue response to biodegradable octacalcium phosphate implant. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:1756-66. [PMID: 19136321 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that synthetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP) enhances bone formation coupled with its own osteoclastic biodegradation more than non-biodegradable hydroxyapatite (HA), including sintered HA ceramic, when implanted in animal bone defects. The present study was designed to investigate whether synthetic OCP in granule form has biodegradable characteristics when implanted in the subperiosteal area of mouse calvaria in comparison with non-sintered stoichiometric HA, especially in relatively short periods after implantation. OCP crystals exhibited plate-like morphology, whereas HA crystals had a sphere-like structure. Both crystals had large pore volumes >75% in total, with micropores within the granules. Direct bonding of newly formed bone was discernible in HA until 35 days after implantation by element analysis for calcium and phosphorus. However, histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that bone formation was facilitated on OCP surfaces with greater alkaline phosphatase activity than on HA up to 21 days. The surfaces attacked by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive osteoclast-like cells were significantly greater than those of HA. OCP became encapsulated and replaced with new bone with prolonged implantation periods up to 180 days. The results suggest that the enhanced bone formation in mouse calvaria could be associated with the biodegradable nature of OCP, and that OCP could be used in augmenting intramembranous bone volume.
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210
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Kwak SY, Wiedemann-Bidlack FB, Beniash E, Yamakoshi Y, Simmer JP, Litman A, Margolis HC. Role of 20-kDa amelogenin (P148) phosphorylation in calcium phosphate formation in vitro. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:18972-9. [PMID: 19443653 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential role of amelogenin phosphorylation in enamel formation is elucidated through in vitro mineralization studies. Studies focused on the native 20-kDa porcine amelogenin proteolytic cleavage product P148 that is prominent in developing enamel. Experimental conditions supported spontaneous calcium phosphate precipitation with the initial formation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). In the absence of protein, ACP was found to undergo relatively rapid transformation to randomly oriented plate-like apatitic crystals. In the presence of non-phosphorylated recombinant full-length amelogenin, rP172, a longer induction period was observed during which relatively small ACP nanoparticles were transiently stabilized. In the presence of rP172, these nanoparticles were found to align to form linear needle-like particles that subsequently transformed and organized into parallel arrays of apatitic needle-like crystals. In sharp contrast to these findings, P148, with a single phosphate group on serine 16, was found to inhibit calcium phosphate precipitation and stabilize ACP formation for more than 1 day. Additional studies using non-phosphorylated recombinant (rP147) and partially dephosphorylated forms of P148 (dephoso-P148) showed that the single phosphate group in P148 was responsible for the profound effect on mineral formation in vitro. The present study has provided, for the first time, evidence suggesting that the native proteolytic cleavage product P148 may have an important functional role in regulating mineralization during enamel formation by preventing unwanted mineral formation within the enamel matrix during the secretory stage of amelogenesis. Results obtained have also provided new insights into the functional role of the highly conserved hydrophilic C terminus found in full-length amelogenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Kwak
- Department of Biomineralization, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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211
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Goodyear SR, Gibson IR, Skakle JMS, Wells RPK, Aspden RM. A comparison of cortical and trabecular bone from C57 Black 6 mice using Raman spectroscopy. Bone 2009; 44:899-907. [PMID: 19284975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cortical and trabecular bone are both produced and maintained by the same cell types. At the microscopic scale they have a similar lamellar structure but at a macroscopic scale they are very different. Raman microscopy has been used to investigate compositional differences in the two bone types using bone from standard laboratory mice in physiological conditions. Clear differences were observed when complete spectra were compared by principal component analysis (PCA). Analysis of individual bands showed cortical bone to have compositional characteristics of older bone when compared with trabecular material, possibly due to the higher bone turnover traditionally reported in the trabecular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Goodyear
- Bone and Musculoskeletal Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK.
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212
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Kawai T, Anada T, Honda Y, Kamakura S, Matsui K, Matsui A, Sasaki K, Morimoto S, Echigo S, Suzuki O. Synthetic octacalcium phosphate augments bone regeneration correlated with its content in collagen scaffold. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:23-32. [PMID: 18637727 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that synthetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP) facilitates in vitro osteoblastic cell differentiation in an OCP dose-dependent manner and that a complex of OCP and collagen (OCP/collagen) enhances critical-sized rat calvaria defects more than OCP alone. The present study was designed to investigate whether the bone regenerative properties of OCP/collagen are augmented in an OCP dose-dependent manner, thereby establishing a suitable composition of this composite as a bone substitute material. OCP/collagens with a wide range of mixing ratios from 23:77 to 83:17, including the previously examined composition (77:23), were prepared by blending granules of OCP with atelocollagen and molded into a disk as an implant. A critical-sized defect was made in rat calvaria, and each disk was implanted into the defect for 4 or 12 weeks and then examined radiographically, histologically, and histomorphometrically. Mouse bone marrow-derived stromal ST-2 cells were cultured in dishes pre-coated with OCP/collagen or OCP alone with different OCP contents to determine the capacity of cell attachment and proliferation up to 14 days. Histological and radiographic examinations showed that newly formed bone was observed in relation to OCP granules within the collagen matrix. Histomorphometric analysis confirmed that increasing the amount of OCP in collagen matrices resulted in progressive enhancement of bone regeneration and that the ratio 83:17 generated the maximum repair level of approximately 64% of the defect at 12 weeks. OCP/collagen promoted the proliferation and attachment of ST-2 cells more than OCP alone regardless of OCP content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the coatings after the incubation indicated that OCP tended to convert to apatite regardless of the presence of collagen. The present study demonstrated that the osteoconductive characteristics of OCP/collagen can be displayed in an OCP dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that collagen promotes the proliferation and attachment of host osteoblastic cells on OCP/collagen composite implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Oral Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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213
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Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers’ attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. These materials are of the special significance because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and dear antlers) and pathological (i.e. those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. Due to a great chemical similarity with the biological calcified tissues, many calcium orthophosphates possess remarkable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Materials scientists use this property extensively to construct artificial bone grafts that are either entirely made of or only surface-coated with the biologically relevant calcium ortho-phosphates. For example, self-setting hydraulic cements made of calcium orthophosphates are helpful in bone repair, while titanium substitutes covered by a surface layer of calcium orthophosphates are used for hip joint endoprostheses and as tooth substitutes. Porous scaffolds made of calcium orthophosphates are very promising tools for tissue engineering applications. In addition, technical grade calcium orthophosphates are very popular mineral fertilizers. Thus ere calcium orthophosphates are of great significance for humankind and, in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
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214
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Anada T, Kumagai T, Honda Y, Masuda T, Kamijo R, Kamakura S, Yoshihara N, Kuriyagawa T, Shimauchi H, Suzuki O. Dose-dependent osteogenic effect of octacalcium phosphate on mouse bone marrow stromal cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2009. [PMID: 19230123 DOI: 10.1089/tea.2007.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) has been advocated to be a precursor of biological apatite crystals in bones and teeth. Our previous studies showed that synthetic OCP stimulates bone regeneration, followed by the progressive conversion of OCP into hydroxyapatite (HA), when implanted in bone defects. However, the precise mechanism to induce the osteogenic phenotype in osteoblasts by OCP has not been identified. The present study was designed to investigate whether the physicochemical aspect, specific to and derived from the structural properties of OCP, influences the function of an osteoblastic cell line, mouse bone marrow stromal ST-2 cells. Different amounts of synthetic OCP and synthetic sintered ceramic HA were coated onto 48-well tissue culture plates. The amounts of OCP and HA were controlled to strengthen their intrinsic physicochemical properties, in which the milieu around the crystals will be modified during the culture. The roughness of the OCP coatings was independent of the amount of coating. Chemical analyses of the supernatants of the OCP coatings revealed that the concentration of Ca2+ decreased with increasing amounts of OCP, while the concentration of inorganic phosphate increased markedly, most probably through OCP--apatite conversion. ST-2 cells were cultured on the OCP or HA coatings up to day 21. The OCP coating caused a significant decrease in cell attachment and in the initial stage of proliferation, dependent upon the amount of coating. On the other hand, OCP enhanced the expression of osteogenic markers, including type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and osterix. However, HA did not alter the expression of these markers in ST-2 cells cultured on different amounts of HA coating. These results demonstrated that OCP is capable of inducing the differentiation of stromal cells into osteoblastic cells, especially differentiation into early stage osteoblastic cells, prior to reaching the stage of mature osteoblastic cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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215
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Weiner S, Mahamid J, Politi Y, Ma Y, Addadi L. Overview of the amorphous precursor phase strategy in biomineralization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11706-009-0036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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216
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Wang C, Wang Y, Huffman NT, Cui C, Yao X, Midura S, Midura RJ, Gorski JP. Confocal laser Raman microspectroscopy of biomineralization foci in UMR 106 osteoblastic cultures reveals temporally synchronized protein changes preceding and accompanying mineral crystal deposition. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:7100-13. [PMID: 19116206 PMCID: PMC2652278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805898200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralization in UMR 106-01 osteoblastic cultures occurs within extracellular biomineralization foci (BMF) within 12 h after addition of beta-glycerol phosphate to cells at 64 h after plating. BMF are identified by their enrichment with an 85-kDa glycoprotein reactive with Maackia amurensis lectin. Laser Raman microspectroscopic scans were made on individual BMF at times preceding (64-76 h) and following the appearance of mineral crystals (76-88 h). The range of variation between spectra for different BMF in the same culture was rather small. In contrast, significant differences were observed for spectral bands at 957-960, 1004, and 1660 cm(-1) when normalized BMF spectra at different times were compared. Protein-dependent spectral bands at 1004 and 1660 cm(-1) increased and then decreased preceding the detection of hydroxyapatite crystals via the phosphate stretching peak at 959-960 cm(-1). When sodium phosphate was substituted for beta-glycerol phosphate, mineralization occurred 3-6 h earlier. Irrespective of phosphate source, the Raman full peak width at half-maximum ratio for 88 h cultures was similar to that for 10-day-old marrow ablation primary bone. However, if mineralization was blocked with serine protease inhibitor 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride, 64-88-h BMF spectra remained largely invariant. In summary, Raman spectral data demonstrate for the first time that formation of hydroxyapatite crystals within individual BMF is a multistep process. Second, changes in protein-derived signals at 1004 and 1660 cm(-1) reflect events within BMFs that precede or accompany mineral crystal production because they are blocked by mineralization inhibitor 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride. Finally, the low extent of spectral variability detected among different BMF at the same time point indicates that mineralization of individual BMF within a culture is synchronized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyi Wang
- Biomaterials Section, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
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217
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Schulmerich MV, Cole JH, Kreider JM, Esmonde-White F, Dooley KA, Goldstein SA, Morris MD. Transcutaneous Raman spectroscopy of murine bone in vivo. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 63:286-95. [PMID: 19281644 PMCID: PMC2659467 DOI: 10.1366/000370209787599013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy can provide valuable information about bone tissue composition in studies of bone development, biomechanics, and health. In order to study the Raman spectra of bone in vivo, instrumentation that enhances the recovery of subsurface spectra must be developed and validated. Five fiber-optic probe configurations were considered for transcutaneous bone Raman spectroscopy of small animals. Measurements were obtained from the tibia of sacrificed mice, and the bone Raman signal was recovered for each probe configuration. The configuration with the optimal combination of bone signal intensity, signal variance, and power distribution was then evaluated under in vivo conditions. Multiple in vivo transcutaneous measurements were obtained from the left tibia of 32 anesthetized mice. After collecting the transcutaneous Raman signal, exposed bone measurements were collected and used as a validation reference. Multivariate analysis was used to recover bone spectra from transcutaneous measurements. To assess the validity of the transcutaneous bone measurements cross-correlations were calculated between standardized spectra from the recovered bone signal and the exposed bone measurements. Additionally, the carbonate-to-phosphate height ratios of the recovered bone signals were compared to the reference exposed bone measurements. The mean cross-correlation coefficient between the recovered and exposed measurements was 0.96, and the carbonate-to-phosphate ratios did not differ significantly between the two sets of spectra (p > 0.05). During these first systematic in vivo Raman measurements, we discovered that probe alignment and animal coat color influenced the results and thus should be considered in future probe and study designs. Nevertheless, our noninvasive Raman spectroscopic probe accurately assessed bone tissue composition through the skin in live mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V Schulmerich
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
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218
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Esmonde-White FWL, Schulmerich MV, Esmonde-White KA, Morris MD. Automated Raman Spectral Preprocessing of Bone and Other Musculoskeletal Tissues. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2009; 7166. [PMID: 32943808 DOI: 10.1117/12.809436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy of bone is complicated by fluorescence background and spectral contributions from other tissues. Full utilization of Raman spectroscopy in bone studies requires rapid and accurate calibration and preprocessing methods. We have taken a step-wise approach to optimize and automate calibrations, preprocessing and background correction. Improvements to manual spike removal, white light correction, software image rotation and slit image curvature correction are described. Our approach is concisely described with a minimum of mathematical detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew V Schulmerich
- Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Michigan, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109-1055
| | - Karen A Esmonde-White
- Dept. of Biomed. Eng., Univ. of Michigan, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109-1055
| | - Michael D Morris
- Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Michigan, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109-1055
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219
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Beniash E, Metzler RA, Lam RSK, Gilbert PUPA. Transient amorphous calcium phosphate in forming enamel. J Struct Biol 2009; 166:133-43. [PMID: 19217943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enamel, the hardest tissue in the body, begins as a three-dimensional network of nanometer size mineral particles, suspended in a protein gel. This mineral network serves as a template for mature enamel formation. To further understand the mechanisms of enamel formation we characterized the forming enamel mineral at an early secretory stage using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectromicroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FTIR microspectroscopy and polarized light microscopy. We show that the newly formed enamel mineral is amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), which eventually transforms into apatitic crystals. Interestingly, the size, shape and spatial organization of these amorphous mineral particles and older crystals are essentially the same, indicating that the mineral morphology and organization in enamel is determined prior to its crystallization. Mineralization via transient amorphous phases has been previously reported in chiton teeth, mollusk shells, echinoderm spicules and spines, and recent reports strongly suggest the presence of transient amorphous mineral in forming vertebrate bones. The present finding of transient ACP in murine tooth enamel suggests that this strategy might be universal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Beniash
- University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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220
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Seah RKH, Garland M, Loo JSC, Widjaja E. Use of Raman Microscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis to Observe the Biomimetic Growth of Carbonated Hydroxyapatite on Bioactive Glass. Anal Chem 2009; 81:1442-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802234t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina K. H. Seah
- School of Materials Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, and Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 1 Pesek Rd, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833
| | - Marc Garland
- School of Materials Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, and Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 1 Pesek Rd, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833
| | - Joachim S. C. Loo
- School of Materials Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, and Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 1 Pesek Rd, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833
| | - Effendi Widjaja
- School of Materials Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, and Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 1 Pesek Rd, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833
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221
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Gou Z, Yang X, Gao X, Zhang X, Ting K, Wu BM, Gao C. Octacalcium phosphate microscopic superstructure self-assembly and evolution by dual-mediating combination. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b823210p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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222
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Mechanism of formation of concentrically laminated spherules: implication to Randall's plaque and stone formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 37:11-7. [PMID: 19066874 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-008-0169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the formation of calcium phosphate multi-laminated spherules via a polymer-induced liquid-like precursor (PILP) process. In this non-classical crystallization route, the precipitation of liquid-like amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) particles is promoted using anionic polypeptide additives, and these droplets coalesce to form globules that later crystallize into spherulites. During crystallization of the amorphous globules, the polymer additive, as well as the waters of hydration, is excluded ahead of the crystallization front, but some polymer becomes entrapped within diffusion-limited zones. This results in the formation of concentric laminations with layers of variable density from organic-rich inclusions. The striking resemblance of these spherules with the crystals of the Randall's plaque and other laminated stones suggests that such biological structures may form via an amorphous precursor process as well. Given the organic-rich environment present in the urinary tract, one might expect a large amount of organic materials to become entrapped within the stratified zones of a forming stone during this type of solidification and transformation process.
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223
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224
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Controlled synthesis of plate-shaped hydroxyapatite and implications for the morphology of the apatite phase in bone. Biomaterials 2008; 29:4855-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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225
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George A, Veis A. Phosphorylated proteins and control over apatite nucleation, crystal growth, and inhibition. Chem Rev 2008; 108:4670-93. [PMID: 18831570 PMCID: PMC2748976 DOI: 10.1021/cr0782729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne George
- Department of Oral Biology, Brodie Tooth Development Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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226
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Gower LB. Biomimetic model systems for investigating the amorphous precursor pathway and its role in biomineralization. Chem Rev 2008; 108:4551-627. [PMID: 19006398 PMCID: PMC3652400 DOI: 10.1021/cr800443h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie B Gower
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, 210A Rhines Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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227
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Weiner S. Biomineralization: A structural perspective. J Struct Biol 2008; 163:229-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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228
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Amorphous calcium phosphate is a major component of the forming fin bones of zebrafish: Indications for an amorphous precursor phase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:12748-53. [PMID: 18753619 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803354105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in biomineralization is the nature of the first-formed mineral phase. In vertebrate bone formation, this issue has been the subject of a long-standing controversy. We address this key issue using the continuously growing fin bony rays of the Tuebingen long-fin zebrafish as a model for bone mineralization. Employing high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy imaging, electron diffraction, and elemental analysis, we demonstrate the presence of an abundant amorphous calcium phosphate phase in the newly formed fin bones. The extracted amorphous mineral particles crystallize with time, and mineral crystallinity increases during bone maturation. Based on these findings, we propose that this amorphous calcium phosphate phase may be a precursor phase that later transforms into the mature crystalline mineral.
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229
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Deshpande AS, Beniash E. Bio-inspired Synthesis of Mineralized Collagen Fibrils. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2008; 8:3084-3090. [PMID: 19662103 PMCID: PMC2721229 DOI: 10.1021/cg800252f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mineralized collagen fibrils constitute a basic structural unit of collagenous mineralized tissues such as dentin and bone. Understanding of the mechanisms of collagen mineralization is vital for development of new materials for the hard tissue repair. We carried out bio-inspired mineralization of reconstituted collagen fibrils using poly-l-aspartic acid, as an analog of non-collagenous acidic proteins. Transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction studies of the reaction products revealed stacks of ribbon-shaped apatitic crystals, deposited within the fibrils with their c-axes co-aligned with the fibril axes. Such structural organization closely resembles mineralized collagen of bone and dentin. Initial mineral deposits formed in the fibrils lacked a long range crystallographic order and transformed into crystals with time. Interestingly, the shape and organization of these amorphous deposits was similar to the crystals found in the mature mineralized fibrils. We demonstrate that the interactions between collagen and poly-l-aspartic acid are essential for the mineralized collagen fibrils formation, while collagen alone does not affect mineral formation and poly-l-aspartic acid inhibits mineralization in a concentration dependant manner. These results provide new insights into basic mechanisms of collagen mineralization and can lead to the development of novel bio-inspired nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul S. Deshpande
- Dept Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Dept of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Engineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elia Beniash
- Dept Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Dept of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Engineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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230
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Microporous nanofibrous fibrin-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2008; 29:4091-9. [PMID: 18640716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The fibrotic response of the body to synthetic polymers limits their success in tissue engineering and other applications. Though porous polymers have demonstrated improved healing, difficulty in controlling their pore sizes and pore interconnections has clouded the understanding of this phenomenon. In this study, a novel method to fabricate natural polymer/calcium phosphate composite scaffolds with tightly controllable pore size, pore interconnection, and calcium phosphate deposition was developed. Microporous, nanofibrous fibrin scaffolds were fabricated using sphere-templating methods. Composite scaffolds were created by solution deposition of calcium phosphate on fibrin surfaces or by direct incorporation of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nHA). The SEM results showed that fibrin scaffolds exhibited a highly porous and interconnected structure. Osteoblast-like cells, obtained from murine calvaria, attached, spread and showed a polygonal morphology on the surface of the biomaterial. Multiple cell layers and fibrillar matrix deposition were observed. Moreover, cells seeded on mineralized fibrin scaffolds exhibited significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity as well as osteoblast marker gene expression compared to fibrin scaffolds and nHA incorporated fibrin scaffolds (0.25 and 0.5g). All types of scaffolds were degraded both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, these scaffolds promoted bone formation in a mouse calvarial defect model and the bone formation was enhanced by addition of rhBMP-2.
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231
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Ehrlich H, Koutsoukos PG, Demadis KD, Pokrovsky OS. Principles of demineralization: modern strategies for the isolation of organic frameworks. Part II. Decalcification. Micron 2008; 40:169-93. [PMID: 18804381 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This is the second paper on principles of demineralization. The initial paper is dedicated to the common definitions and the history of demineralization. In present work we review the principles and mechanisms of decalcification, i.e., removing the mineral Ca-containing compounds (phosphates and carbonates) from the organic matrix in its two main aspects: natural and artificial. Natural chemical erosion of biominerals (cavitation of biogenic calcareous substrata by bacteria, fungi, algae, foraminifera, sponges, polychaetes, and mollusks) is driven by production of mineral and organic acids, acidic polysaccharides, and enzymes (cabonic anhydrase, alkaline and phosphoprotein phosphataes, and H(+)-ATPase). Examples of artifical decalcification includes demineralization of bone, dentin and enamel, and skeletal formations of corals and crustacean. The mechanism and kinetics of Ca-containing biomineral dissolution is analyzed within the framework of (i) diffusion-reaction theory; (ii) surface-reaction controlled, morphology-based theories, and (iii) phenomenological surface coordination models. The application of surface complexation model for describing and predicting the effect of organic ligands on calcium and magnesium dissolution kinetics is also described. Use of the electron microscopy-based methods for observation and visualization of the decalcification phenomenon is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Ehrlich
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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232
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Anada T, Kumagai T, Honda Y, Masuda T, Kamijo R, Kamakura S, Yoshihara N, Kuriyagawa T, Shimauchi H, Suzuki O. Dose-Dependent Osteogenic Effect of Octacalcium Phosphate on Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2008; 14:965-78. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumagai
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Honda
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taisuke Masuda
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Division of Clinical Cell Therapy, Department of Translational Research, Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Yoshihara
- Department of Nanomechanics, Center for Micro/Nano Design and Processing Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsunemoto Kuriyagawa
- Department of Nanomechanics, Center for Micro/Nano Design and Processing Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Shimauchi
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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233
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Widjaja E, Seah RKH. Application of Raman microscopy and band-target entropy minimization to identify minor components in model pharmaceutical tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46:274-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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234
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Kamakura S, Sasaki K, Honda Y, Anada T, Matsui K, Echigo S, Suzuki O. Dehydrothermal treatment of collagen influences on bone regeneration by octacalcium phosphate (OCP) collagen composites. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2008; 1:450-6. [DOI: 10.1002/term.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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235
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Kamakura S, Sasaki K, Homma T, Honda Y, Anada T, Echigo S, Suzuki O. The primacy of octacalcium phosphate collagen composites in bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 83:725-33. [PMID: 17559110 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We have engineered a scaffold constructed of synthetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and porcine collagen sponge (OCP/Col), and reported that OCP/Col drastically enhanced bone regeneration. In this study, we investigated whether OCP/Col would enhance bone regeneration more than beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) collagen composite (beta-TCP/Col) or hydroxyapatite (HA) collagen composite (HA/Col). Discs of OCP/Col, beta-TCP/Col, or HA/Col were implanted into critical-sized defects in rat crania and fixed at 4 or 12 weeks after implantation. The newly formed bone and the remaining granules of implants in the defect were determined by histomorphometrical analysis, and radiographic and histological examinations were performed. Statistical analysis showed that the newly formed bone by the implantation of OCP/Col was significantly more than that of beta-TCP/Col or HA/Col. In contrast, the remaining granules in OCP/Col were significantly lower than those in beta-TCP/Col or HA/Col. Bone regeneration by OCP/Col was based on secured calcified collagen and bone nucleation by OCP, whereas bone regeneration by beta-TCP/Col or HA/Col was initiated by poorly calcified collagen and osteoconductivity by beta-TCP or HA. This study showed that the implantation of OCP/Col in a rat cranial defect enhanced more bone regeneration than beta-TCP/Col and HA/Col.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kamakura
- Division of Clinical Cell Therapy, Department of Translational Research, Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
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236
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Parathyroids, bone and mineral metabolism. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2007; 14:494-501. [PMID: 17982358 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282f315ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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237
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Hatakeyama J, Hatakeyama Y, Takahashi I, Suzuki O, Sasano Y. Proliferation and adhesion of periodontal ligament cells on synthetic biominerals. Oral Dis 2007; 13:500-6. [PMID: 17714354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hydroxiapatite (HA) has been suggested as a useful biomaterial to support the regeneration of tissues. In this study, we investigated the adhesion of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells on octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and its hydrolyzed apatitic product (HL), which are known precursors of HA. METHODS Rat PDL cells were cultured on OCP or HL-coated dishes. Cell proliferation and adhesion and mRNA expression of collagen I, fibronectin integrin subunits were examined. Cell adhesion inhibition assays were carried out by GRGDSPK (Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Lys). RESULTS In early culture period, the cell number of PDL cells was lower on OCP and HL than that on control without any coating. However, the cell number on OCP or HL caught up with control later period. mRNA expression level of collagen I and fibronectin on OCP and HL were similar among OCP HL and control, although they differed early in the culture period. Integrin subunits were expressed on both OCP and HL as well as on control. Cell adhesion was inhibited by RGD inhibitor peptide. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that rat PDL cells produce collagen I and fibronectin on OCP and HL, and then show increased cell numbers depending on adhesion to the matrices through integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hatakeyama
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
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238
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Fourier transform infrared and Raman microspectroscopy and microscopic imaging of bone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0b013e3282b97133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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239
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Grynpas MD, Omelon S. Transient precursor strategy or very small biological apatite crystals? Bone 2007; 41:162-4. [PMID: 17537689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.04.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of skeletal mineralization have been studied and debated for decades. Recent Raman spectroscopic identification of octacalcium phosphate-like phosphate ions and possibly amorphous calcium phosphate ions in nascent bone mineral were claimed to support a transient precursor strategy for bone apatite formation. However, this data does not refute the theory that the newest, detectable bone mineral is very small, poorly crystalline biological apatite, because non-apatitic phosphate species have previously been identified in biological apatite and detected on the surfaces of nano-sized hydroxyapatite crystals.
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240
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Verdelis K, Lukashova L, Wright JT, Mendelsohn R, Peterson MGE, Doty S, Boskey AL. Maturational changes in dentin mineral properties. Bone 2007; 40:1399-407. [PMID: 17289453 PMCID: PMC1913214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study the changes in properties of the maturing mantle and circumpulpal dentin were quantitatively analyzed. Sections from six fetal bovine undecalcified incisors were used. Regions of mantle and circumpulpal dentin of sequential maturation stages were identified on spectroscopic images acquired by Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging. Spectroscopic parameters corresponding to mineral properties at these stages were analyzed and reported as a function of distance from the cervix of the incisor, the latter representing tissue age. Mineral parameters were correlated with distance from the cervix. Values of these parameters in mantle and circumpulpal dentin were compared. A multi-phasic pattern of changes was found for all the parameters examined, with most of the alterations occurring in the initial maturation period. The patterns of temporal variation in mantle and circumpulpal dentin mineral properties show distinct developmental stages and were not identical for the two dentin compartments. The study showed that mineral maturation in dentin is not a linear process and that mantle dentin is developmentally distinct from circumpulpal dentin, presenting at certain stages different physicochemical events during the maturation of the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Verdelis
- Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th St., New York, NY 10021, USA
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241
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Numata Y, Sakae T, Nakada H, Suwa T, Kobayashi K, Sato I. Comparative Evaluation of Calcium Phosphates, Hydroxyapatite and Bone using Raman Spectroscopy. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2007. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.16.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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242
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Kazanci M, Fratzl P, Klaushofer K, Paschalis EP. Complementary information on in vitro conversion of amorphous (precursor) calcium phosphate to hydroxyapatite from Raman microspectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Calcif Tissue Int 2006; 79:354-9. [PMID: 17120187 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-006-0011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In addition to mechanical functions, bones have an essential role in metabolic activity as mineral reservoirs that are able to absorb and release ions. Bioapatite, considered the major component in the mineralized part of mammalian bones, is a calcium phosphate mineral with a structure that closely resembles hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10[PO4]6[OH]2) with variable chemical substitutions. It is important to note that it continues to be chemically active long after it has been initially deposited. Detailed understanding of changes in the mineral phase as HA matures is essential for understanding how normal bone achieves its remarkable mechanical performance, how it is altered in disease, as well as the effects of therapeutic interventions. A model system for investigation of the in vivo maturation of HA is available, namely, the in vitro conversion of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) to HA in a supersaturated solution of calcium and phosphate ions. In the present study, this system was employed to correlate with the changes in chemistry and poorly crystalline HAP crystal size, shape, and habit. The results of the X-ray diffraction as well as Raman analyses showed that as the crystallites mature in the 002 and 310 directions both the full width at half-height and wavelength at maximum of the Raman peaks change as a function of reaction extent and crystallite maturation, size, and shape. Moreover, such analyses can be performed in intact bone specimens through Raman microspectroscopic and imaging analyses with a spatial resolution of 0.6-1 mu, by far superior to the one offered by other microspectroscopic techniques, thus potentially yielding important new information on the organization and mineral quality of normal and fragile bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kazanci
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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243
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Weiner S. Transient precursor strategy in mineral formation of bone. Bone 2006; 39:431-3. [PMID: 16581322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 02/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The strategy in biomineralization of initially depositing a less ordered mineral and then transforming it into a more crystalline mature phase is probably widespread among invertebrates. The report in this issue by N.J. Crane, V. Popescu, M.D. Morris, P. Steenhuis, M.A. Ignelzi, Raman spectroscopic evidence for octacalcium phosphate and other mineral species deposited during intramembraneous mineralization. Bone (In press), using micro-Raman spectroscopy to study early mineral deposits in mice calvaria, provides strong evidence that the transient precursor strategy also occurs in vertebrates.
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244
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Honda Y, Anada T, Kamakura S, Nakamura M, Sugawara S, Suzuki O. Elevated extracellular calcium stimulates secretion of bone morphogenetic protein 2 by a macrophage cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:1155-60. [PMID: 16716259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that macrophages and multinucleated giant cells are responsible for phagocytosis of resorbable calcium phosphate (CaP) compounds implanted in bone defects. However, function of macrophages around the CaP, if continuously exposed to various concentration of extracellular calcium ions ([Ca(2+)](o)), is still unknown. The present study showed that when resorbable octacalcium phosphate was implanted in mouse calvaria, macrophage-like cells were observed around the implant during bone formation. Then, experiments were designed to investigate whether secretion of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is enhanced by [Ca(2+)](o) in a macrophage cell line (J774A.1) in vitro. The mRNA expression and the secretion of BMP-2 in J774A.1 cells were significantly increased when incubated in the medium with [Ca(2+)](o) up to 14mM. The promotion of mRNA expression was maintained even when incubated with a small amount of minute CaP crystals. The present results suggest that [Ca(2+)](o) above physiological concentration may stimulate macrophages to induce osteogenic cytokine, such as BMP-2, for bone formation by osteoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Honda
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering (CFE), Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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