201
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Yanto Y, Yu HH, Hall M, Bommarius AS. Characterization of xenobiotic reductase A (XenA): study of active site residues, substrate spectrum and stability. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8809-11. [PMID: 20959917 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02354j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotic reductase A (XenA) has broad catalytic activity and reduces various α,β-unsaturated and nitro compounds with moderate to excellent stereoselectivity. Single mutants C25G and C25V are able to reduce nitrobenzene, a non-active substrate for the wild type, to produce aniline. Total turnover is dominated by chemical rather than thermal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanto Yanto
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, USA
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202
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Stueckler C, Winkler CK, Bonnekessel M, Faber K. Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)-3-Hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate (‘Roche Ester’) and Derivatives via Biocatalytic CC-Bond Reduction. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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203
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Fuganti C, Sacchetti A. Biocatalytic enantioselective approach to 3-aryl-2-nitropropanols: Synthesis of enantioenriched (R)-5-methoxy-3-aminochroman, a key precursor to the antidepressant drug Robalzotan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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204
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Winkler CK, Stueckler C, Mueller NJ, Pressnitz D, Faber K. Asymmetric Synthesis of O-Protected Acyloins Using Enoate Reductases: Stereochemical Control through Protecting Group Modification. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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205
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Richter N, Gröger H, Hummel W. Asymmetric reduction of activated alkenes using an enoate reductase from Gluconobacter oxydans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:79-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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206
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Reetz MT. Gerichtete Evolution stereoselektiver Enzyme: Eine ergiebige Katalysator‐Quelle für asymmetrische Reaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T. Reetz
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Deutschland), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2985 http://www.mpi‐muelheim.mpg.de/mpikofo_home.html
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207
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Reetz MT. Laboratory Evolution of Stereoselective Enzymes: A Prolific Source of Catalysts for Asymmetric Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:138-74. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred T. Reetz
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr (Germany), Fax: (+49) 208‐306‐2985 http://www.mpi‐muelheim.mpg.de/mpikofo_home.html
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208
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Tian F, Yao D, Liu Y, Xie F, Zhang W. Iridium‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Exocyclic α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengtao Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China, Fax: (+86)‐21‐5474‐3265
| | - Dongmei Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China, Fax: (+86)‐21‐5474‐3265
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China, Fax: (+86)‐21‐5474‐3265
| | - Fang Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China, Fax: (+86)‐21‐5474‐3265
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China, Fax: (+86)‐21‐5474‐3265
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209
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Brenna E, Fronza G, Fuganti C, Gatti FG. Stereochemical Analysis of the Enzymic Reduction of the Double Bond of α- and β-Substituted Nitrostyrenes and α-Ethoxycinnamaldehyde through Deuterium Labelling Experiments. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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210
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Toogood H, Gardiner J, Scrutton N. Biocatalytic Reductions and Chemical Versatility of the Old Yellow Enzyme Family of Flavoprotein Oxidoreductases. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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211
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Hollmann F, Arends I, Buehler K. Biocatalytic Redox Reactions for Organic Synthesis: Nonconventional Regeneration Methods. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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212
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Stueckler C, Mueller NJ, Winkler CK, Glueck SM, Gruber K, Steinkellner G, Faber K. Bioreduction of alpha-methylcinnamaldehyde derivatives: chemo-enzymatic asymmetric synthesis of Lilial and Helional. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:8472-6. [PMID: 20461254 DOI: 10.1039/c002971h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonracemic aryl-substituted alpha-methyldihydrocinnamaldehyde derivatives employed as olfactory principles in perfumes (Lilial, Helional) were obtained via enzymatic reduction of the corresponding cinnamaldehyde precursors using cloned and overexpressed ene-reductases. (R)-Enantiomers were obtained using the old-yellow-enzyme (OYE) homolog YqjM from Bacillus subtilis and 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductase isoenzyme OPR1 from tomato (e.e.(max) 53%), and (S)-aldehydes were furnished in up to 97% e.e. using isoenzyme OPR3, nicotinamide 2-cyclohexene-1-one reductase NCR from Zymomonas mobilis and yeast OYE isoenzymes 1-3 under optimised reaction conditions in the presence of t-butyl methyl ether as the co-solvent. The stereochemical outcome of the reduction of alpha-methylcinnamaldehyde using NCR and OYEs 1-3 [previously reported to be (R)] was unambiguously corrected to be (S).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Stueckler
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010, Graz, Austria
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213
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Milagre CDF, Milagre HMS, Moran PJS, Rodrigues JAR. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of alpha-hydroxy-beta-methyl-gamma-hydroxy esters: role of the keto-enol equilibrium to control the stereoselective hydrogenation in a key step. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1410-8. [PMID: 20143825 DOI: 10.1021/jo902227f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-hydroxy-beta-methyl-gamma-hydroxy esters not only are found in many natural products and potent drugs but also are useful intermediates in organic synthesis due to their highly functionalized skeleton that can be further manipulated and applied in the synthesis of many compounds with remarkable biological activities. This work was based on a chemoenzymatic approach to obtain these molecules with three contiguous stereogenic centers in a highly enantio- and diastereoselective way. Two distinct linear routes were proposed in which the key steps in both routes consisted of initial stereocontrolled ketoester bioreduction followed by unsaturated carbonyl bioreduction or reduction with Pd-C. Other key reactions in the synthesis include a Wasserman protocol for chain homologation and a Mannich-type olefination with maintenance of enantiomeric excess for all intermediates during the sequence. Whereas route A gave exclusively the skeleton with 3R,4R,5S configuration (99% ee and 11.5% global yield after 7 steps), route B gave the skeleton with 3R,4R,5S and 3R,4S,5R configurations (dr 1:12, 98% ee and 20% global yield after 5 steps).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia D F Milagre
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, 13084-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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214
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215
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Crystal structure of a thermostable Old Yellow Enzyme from Thermus scotoductus SA-01. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 393:426-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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216
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Mueller N, Stueckler C, Hauer B, Baudendistel N, Housden H, Bruce N, Faber K. The Substrate Spectra of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Reductase, Morphinone Reductase,N-Ethylmaleimide Reductase and Estrogen-Binding Protein in the Asymmetric Bioreduction of Activated Alkenes. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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217
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Yanto Y, Hall M, Bommarius AS. Nitroreductase from Salmonella typhimurium: characterization and catalytic activity. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1826-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b926274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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218
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Bougioukou DJ, Walton AZ, Stewart JD. Towards preparative-scale, biocatalytic alkene reductions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:8558-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03119d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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219
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Stueckler C, Reiter TC, Baudendistel N, Faber K. Nicotinamide-independent asymmetric bioreduction of CC-bonds via disproportionation of enones catalyzed by enoate reductases. Tetrahedron 2010; 66:663-667. [PMID: 21270958 PMCID: PMC3007678 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric bioreduction of activated CC-bonds catalyzed by a single flavoprotein was achieved via direct hydrogen transfer from a sacrificial 2-enone or 1,4-dione as hydrogen donor without requirement of a nicotinamide cofactor. Due to its simplicity, this system has clear advantages over conventional FAD-recycling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Stueckler
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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220
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Fronza G, Fuganti C, Serra S. Stereochemical Course of Baker's Yeast Mediated Reduction of the Tri- and Tetrasubstituted Double Bonds of Substituted Cinnamaldehydes. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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221
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Bougioukou D, Kille S, Taglieber A, Reetz M. Directed Evolution of an Enantioselective Enoate-Reductase: Testing the Utility of Iterative Saturation Mutagenesis. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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222
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Grau MM, van der Toorn J, Otten L, Macheroux P, Taglieber A, Zilly F, Arends IW, Hollmann F. Photoenzymatic Reduction of CC Double Bonds. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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223
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Adalbjörnsson BV, Toogood HS, Fryszkowska A, Pudney CR, Jowitt TA, Leys D, Scrutton NS. Biocatalysis with Thermostable Enzymes: Structure and Properties of a Thermophilic ‘ene’-Reductase related to Old Yellow Enzyme. Chembiochem 2009; 11:197-207. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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224
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Fryszkowska A, Fisher K, Gardiner JM, Stephens GM. A short, chemoenzymatic route to chiral beta-aryl-gamma-amino acids using reductases from anaerobic bacteria. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 8:533-5. [PMID: 20090967 DOI: 10.1039/b919526b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A short chemoenzymatic synthesis of beta-aryl-gamma-aminobutyric acids has been developed, based on a highly enantioselective biocatalytic reduction of beta-aryl-beta-cyano-alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fryszkowska
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
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225
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Fryszkowska A, Toogood H, Sakuma M, Gardiner J, Stephens G, Scrutton N. Asymmetric Reduction of Activated Alkenes by Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Reductase: Specificity and Control of Stereochemical Outcome by Reaction Optimisation. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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226
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Burda E, KrauÃer M, Fischer G, Hummel W, Müller-Uri F, Kreis W, Gröger H. Recombinant Î4,5-Steroid 5âβ-Reductases as Biocatalysts for the Reduction of Activated CC-Double Bonds in Monocyclic and Acyclic Molecules. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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227
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Fryszkowska A, Toogood H, Sakuma M, Gardiner JM, Stephens GM, Scrutton NS. Asymmetric Reduction of Activated Alkenes by Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Reductase: Specificity and Control of Stereochemical Outcome by Reaction Optimisation. Adv Synth Catal 2009; 351:2976-2990. [PMID: 20396613 PMCID: PMC2854813 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We show that pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase (PETNR), a member of the 'ene' reductase old yellow enzyme family, catalyses the asymmetric reduction of a variety of industrially relevant activated alpha,beta-unsaturated alkenes including enones, enals, maleimides and nitroalkenes. We have rationalised the broad substrate specificity and stereochemical outcome of these reductions by reference to molecular models of enzyme-substrate complexes based on the crystal complex of the PETNR with 2-cyclohexenone 4a. The optical purity of products is variable (49-99% ee), depending on the substrate type and nature of substituents. Generally, high enantioselectivity was observed for reaction products with stereogenic centres at Cbeta (>99% ee). However, for the substrates existing in two isomeric forms (e.g., citral 11a or nitroalkenes 18-19a), an enantiodivergent course of the reduction of E/Z-forms may lead to lower enantiopurities of the products. We also demonstrate that the poor optical purity obtained for products with stereogenic centres at Calpha is due to non-enzymatic racemisation. In reactions with ketoisophorone 3a we show that product racemisation is prevented through reaction optimisation, specifically by shortening reaction time and through control of solution pH. We suggest this as a general strategy for improved recovery of optically pure products with other biocatalytic conversions where there is potential for product racemisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fryszkowska
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Helen Toogood
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Michiyo Sakuma
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - John M. Gardiner
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Gill M. Stephens
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
| | - Nigel S. Scrutton
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
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228
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Abstract
Dwindling petroleum feedstocks and increased CO(2)-concentrations in the atmosphere currently open the concept of using CO(2) as raw material for the synthesis of well-defined organic compounds. In parallel to recent advances in the chemical CO(2)-fixation, enzymatic (biocatalytic) carboxylation is currently being investigated at an increased pace. On the one hand, this critical review provides a concise overview on highly specific biosynthetic pathways for CO(2)-fixation and, on the other hand, a summary of biodegradation (detoxification) processes involving enzymes which possess relaxed substrate specificities, which allow their application for the regioselective carboxylation of organic substrates to furnish the corresponding carboxylic acids (145 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M Glueck
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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229
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Rocha-Martin J, Vega DE, Cabrera Z, Bolivar JM, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Berenguer J, Guisan JM. Purification, immobilization and stabilization of a highly enantioselective alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 cloned in E. coli. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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230
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Structural basis of substrate specificity of plant 12-oxophytodienoate reductases. J Mol Biol 2009; 392:1266-77. [PMID: 19660473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
12-Oxophytodienoate reductase 3 (OPR3) is a FMN-dependent oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of the cyclopentenone (9S,13S)-12-oxophytodienoate [(9S,13S)-OPDA] to the corresponding cyclopentanone in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone jasmonic acid. In vitro, however, OPR3 reduces the jasmonic acid precursor (9S,13S)-OPDA as well as the enantiomeric (9R,13R)-OPDA, while its isozyme OPR1 is highly selective, accepting only (9R,13R)-OPDA as a substrate. To uncover the molecular determinants of this remarkable enantioselectivity, we determined the crystal structures of OPR1 and OPR3 in complex with the ligand p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Structural comparison with the OPR1:(9R,13R)-OPDA complex and further biochemical and mutational analyses revealed that two active-site residues, Tyr78 and Tyr246 in OPR1 and Phe74 and His244 in OPR3, are critical for substrate filtering. The relatively smaller OPR3 residues allow formation of a wider substrate binding pocket that is less enantio-restrictive. Substitution of Phe74 and His244 by the corresponding OPR1 tyrosines resulted in an OPR3 mutant showing enhanced, OPR1-like substrate selectivity. Moreover, sequence analysis of the OPR family supports the filtering function of Tyr78 and Tyr246 and allows predictions with respect to substrate specificity and biological function of thus far uncharacterized OPR isozymes. The discovered structural features may also be relevant for other stereoselective proteins and guide the rational design of stereospecific enzymes for biotechnological applications.
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231
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Strohmeier GA, Sović T, Steinkellner G, Hartner FS, Andryushkova A, Purkarthofer T, Glieder A, Gruber K, Griengl H. Investigation of lipase-catalyzed Michael-type carbon–carbon bond formations. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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232
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A general method for the rapid reduction of alkenes and alkynes using sodium borohydride, acetic acid, and palladium. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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233
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Padhi SK, Bougioukou DJ, Stewart JD. Site-Saturation Mutagenesis of Tryptophan 116 of Saccharomyces pastorianus Old Yellow Enzyme Uncovers Stereocomplementary Variants. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:3271-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8081389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Padhi
- Department of Chemistry, 127 Chemistry Research Building, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Despina J. Bougioukou
- Department of Chemistry, 127 Chemistry Research Building, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Jon D. Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, 127 Chemistry Research Building, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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234
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Mueller NJ, Stueckler C, Hall M, Macheroux P, Faber K. Epoxidation of conjugated CC-bonds and sulfur-oxidation of thioethers mediated by NADH:FMN-dependent oxidoreductases. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:1115-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b819057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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235
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Wei L, Makowski T, Martinez C, Ghosh A. Efficient synthesis of (R)-3-amino-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-ol via a Dakin–West reaction followed by enantioselective reduction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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236
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Toogood HS, Fryszkowska A, Hare V, Fisher K, Roujeinikova A, Leys D, Gardiner JM, Stephens GM, Scrutton NS. Structure-Based Insight into the Asymmetric Bioreduction of the C=C Double Bond of alpha,beta-Unsaturated Nitroalkenes by Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Reductase. Adv Synth Catal 2008; 350:2789-2803. [PMID: 20396603 PMCID: PMC2854801 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalytic reduction of alpha- or beta-alkyl-beta-arylnitroalkenes provides a convenient and efficient method to prepare chiral substituted nitroalkanes. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase (PETN reductase) from Enterobacter cloacae st. PB2 catalyses the reduction of nitroolefins such as 1-nitrocyclohexene (1) with steady state and rapid reaction kinetics comparable to other old yellow enzyme homologues. Furthermore, it reduces 2-aryl-1-nitropropenes (4a-d) to their equivalent (S)-nitropropanes 9a-d. The enzyme shows a preference for the (Z)-isomer of substrates 4a-d, providing almost pure enantiomeric products 9a-d (ees up to > 99%) in quantitative yield, whereas the respective (E)-isomers are reduced with lower enantioselectivity (63-89% ee) and lower product yields. 1-Aryl-2-nitropropenes (5a, b) are also reduced efficiently, but the products (R)-10 have lower optical purities. The structure of the enzyme complex with 1-nitrocyclohexene (1) was determined by X-ray crystallography, revealing two substrate-binding modes, with only one compatible with hydride transfer. Models of nitropropenes 4 and 5 in the active site of PETN reductase predicted that the enantioselectivity of the reaction was dependent on the orientation of binding of the (E)- and (Z)-substrates. This work provides a structural basis for understanding the mechanism of asymmetric bioreduction of nitroalkenes by PETN reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen S Toogood
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K
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237
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Pscheidt B, Glieder A. Yeast cell factories for fine chemical and API production. Microb Cell Fact 2008; 7:25. [PMID: 18684335 PMCID: PMC2628649 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-7-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review gives an overview of different yeast strains and enzyme classes involved in yeast whole-cell biotransformations. A focus was put on the synthesis of compounds for fine chemical and API (= active pharmaceutical ingredient) production employing single or only few-step enzymatic reactions. Accounting for recent success stories in metabolic engineering, the construction and use of synthetic pathways was also highlighted. Examples from academia and industry and advances in the field of designed yeast strain construction demonstrate the broad significance of yeast whole-cell applications. In addition to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, alternative yeast whole-cell biocatalysts are discussed such as Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., Geotrichum sp., Issatchenkia sp., Kloeckera sp., Kluyveromyces sp., Pichia sp. (including Hansenula polymorpha = P. angusta), Rhodotorula sp., Rhodosporidium sp., alternative Saccharomyces sp., Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Torulopsis sp., Trichosporon sp., Trigonopsis variabilis, Yarrowia lipolytica and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Pscheidt
- Research Centre Applied Biocatalysis GmbH, Petersgasse 14/3, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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238
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Kurata A, Fujita M, Mowafy AM, Kamachi H, Kurihara T, Esaki N. Production of (S)-2-chloropropionate by asymmetric reduction of 2-chloroacrylate with 2-haloacrylate reductase coupled with glucose dehydrogenase. J Biosci Bioeng 2008; 105:429-31. [PMID: 18499064 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.105.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(S)-2-Chloropropionate is a synthetic intermediate for phenoxypropionic acid herbicides. We constructed a system for asymmetric reduction of 2-chloroacrylate to produce (S)-2-chloropropionate with recombinant Escherichia coli cells producing 2-haloacrylate reductase from Burkholderia sp. WS and an NADPH regeneration system. The system provided 37.4 g/l (S)-2-chloropropionate in more than 99.9%e.e.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kurata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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239
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Kosjek B, Fleitz FJ, Dormer PG, Kuethe JT, Devine PN. Asymmetric bioreduction of α,β-unsaturated nitriles and ketones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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240
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Fryszkowska A, Fisher K, Gardiner JM, Stephens GM. Highly Enantioselective Reduction of β,β-Disubstituted Aromatic Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by Clostridium sporogenes. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4295-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800124v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fryszkowska
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Fisher
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Gardiner
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Gill M. Stephens
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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241
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Taglieber A, Schulz F, Hollmann F, Rusek M, Reetz MT. Light-driven biocatalytic oxidation and reduction reactions: scope and limitations. Chembiochem 2008; 9:565-72. [PMID: 18288667 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The quest for practical regeneration concepts for nicotinamide-dependent oxidoreductases continues. Recently we proposed the use of visible light to promote the direct reductive regeneration of a flavin-dependent monooxygenase. With this enzyme (PAMO-P3) light-driven enantioselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidations were performed. In spite of the significant reduction in the complexity achieved, catalytic performance of the novel approach did not meet the requirements for an efficient biocatalytic oxygenation system. Driven by this ultimate goal, we further investigated the limiting factors of our particular system. We discovered that oxidative uncoupling of the flavin-regeneration reaction from enzymatic O2-activation accounts for the futile consumption of approximately 95% of the reducing equivalents provided by the sacrificial electron donor, EDTA. Furthermore, it was found that the apparent turnover frequency (TOF) for PAMO-P3 in the present setup is approximately two orders of magnitude lower than in conventional setups that use NADPH as reductant. This finding was traced to sluggish electron transfer kinetics that arose from an impeded interaction between PAMO-P3-bound FAD and the reducing catalyst. The limiting factors and potential approaches for their circumvention are discussed. Furthermore, we broadened the light-driven regeneration approach to the class of flavin-dependent reductases. By using the Old Yellow Enzyme homologue YqjM as a model system, a significantly higher catalytic turnover for the enzyme catalyst was achieved, which we assign to a higher accessibility of the prosthetic group as well as to the absence of oxidative uncoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Taglieber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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242
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Hall M, Stueckler C, Hauer B, Stuermer R, Friedrich T, Breuer M, Kroutil W, Faber K. Asymmetric Bioreduction of Activated C=C Bonds UsingZymomonas mobilis NCR Enoate Reductase and Old Yellow Enzymes OYE 1–3 from Yeasts. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200701208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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243
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Korbekandi H, Mather P, Gardiner J, Stephens G. Reduction of aliphatic nitro groups using an obligately anaerobic whole cell biocatalyst. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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244
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Hall M, Stueckler C, Ehammer H, Pointner E, Oberdorfer G, Gruber K, Hauer B, Stuermer R, Kroutil W, Macheroux P, Faber K. Asymmetric Bioreduction of CC Bonds using Enoate Reductases OPR1, OPR3 and YqjM: Enzyme-Based Stereocontrol. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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245
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Stueckler C, Hall M, Ehammer H, Pointner E, Kroutil W, Macheroux P, Faber K. Stereocomplementary bioreduction of alpha,beta-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and dimethyl esters using enoate reductases: enzyme- and substrate-based stereocontrol. Org Lett 2007; 9:5409-11. [PMID: 18031047 DOI: 10.1021/ol7019185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric bioreduction of alpha,beta-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, such as 2-methylmaleic/fumaric and 2-methylenesuccinic acid, as well as the corresponding dimethyl esters, using three cloned enoate reductases furnished 2-methylsuccinic acid or dimethyl 2-methylsuccinate, respectively. Opposite stereoisomeric products were obtained in up to >99% ee either by choice of the enzyme or by using E/Z-configurated substrates. Cofactor-recycling systems (NADH/FDH/formate, NADH/GDH/glucose or NADPH/G6PDH/glucose-6-phosphate) only worked in presence of a divalent metal ion, such as Ca2+, Mg2+, or Zn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Stueckler
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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