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Harbord M, Eliakim R, Bettenworth D, Karmiris K, Katsanos K, Kopylov U, Kucharzik T, Molnár T, Raine T, Sebastian S, de Sousa HT, Dignass A, Carbonnel F. Third European Evidence-based Consensus on Diagnosis and Management of Ulcerative Colitis. Part 2: Current Management. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:769-784. [PMID: 28513805 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 780] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Harbord
- Imperial College London, and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rami Eliakim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Konstantinos Karmiris
- Department of Gastroenterology, Venizeleio General Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Katsanos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University and Medical School of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Uri Kopylov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Hashomer Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Torsten Kucharzik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Hospital Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Tamás Molnár
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tim Raine
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Helena Tavares de Sousa
- Gastroenterology Department, Algarve Hospital Center; Biomedical Sciences & Medicine Department, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Axel Dignass
- Department of Medicine I, Agaplesion Markus Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Franck Carbonnel
- Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Paris, France
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202
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Small-bowel mucosal healing assessment by capsule endoscopy as a predictor of long-term clinical remission in patients with Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29:844-848. [PMID: 28410352 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Capsule endoscopy (CE) may be used for the evaluation and follow-up of patients with Crohn's disease. CE scores correspond to the degree of mucosal inflammation, a major therapeutic target. The aim of this meta-analysis and systematic review was to determine whether mucosal healing assessment by CE may serve as a predictor of clinical remission in patients with Crohn's disease. To identify observational or controlled English-language full-text studies assessing mucosal healing by CE in patients with Crohn's disease up to 30 September 2016, we searched PubMed, Embase, Central, Medline, and Scopus using the key words 'mucosal healing' and 'capsule endoscopy'. A meta-analysis was carried out using 'Comprehensive meta-analysis' software. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Five observational studies including 142 patients from five countries fulfilled the inclusion criteria. No publication bias was found by funnel plot. The mucosal healing CE score was found to be significantly associated with improved outcome after a follow-up of 12 weeks to 24 months, with an odds ratio of 11.06 (95% confidence interval: 3.74-32.73, P<0.001). The degree of heterogeneity among the studies was small (Q=2.014, d.f.[Q]=3, P=0.569 and I=0). Endoscopy scores may play a role in the long-term prognostic evaluation of patients with Crohn's disease. Our results may be accepted as proof of concept, but larger studies are needed to corroborate these findings.
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203
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prevalence and incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in North America is among the highest in the world and imparts substantial direct and indirect medical costs. The Choosing Wisely Campaign was launched in wide variety of medical specialties and disciplines to reduce unnecessary or harmful tests or treatment interventions. METHODS The Choosing Wisely list for IBD was developed by the Canadian IBD Network for Research and Growth in Quality Improvement (CINERGI) in collaboration with Crohn's and Colitis Canada (CCC) and the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology (CAG). Using a modified Delphi process, 5 recommendations were selected from an initial list of 30 statements at a face-to-face consensus meeting. RESULTS The 5 things physicians and patients should question: (1) Don't use steroids (e.g., prednisone) for maintenance therapy in IBD; (2) Don't use opioids long-term to manage abdominal pain in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); (3) Don't unnecessarily prolong the course of intravenous corticosteroids in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (UC) in the absence of clinical response; (4) Don't initiate or escalate long-term medical therapies for the treatment of IBD based only on symptoms; and (5) Don't use abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan to assess IBD in the acute setting unless there is suspicion of a complication (obstruction, perforation, abscess) or a non-IBD etiology for abdominal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The Choosing Wisely recommendations will foster patient-physician discussions to optimize IBD therapy, reduce adverse effects from testing and treatment, and reduce medical expenditure.
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Cholapranee A, Hazlewood GS, Kaplan GG, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Ananthakrishnan AN. Systematic review with meta-analysis: comparative efficacy of biologics for induction and maintenance of mucosal healing in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis controlled trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:1291-1302. [PMID: 28326566 PMCID: PMC5395316 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal healing is an important therapeutic endpoint in the management of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Limited data exist regarding the comparative efficacy of various therapies in achieving this outcome. AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of biologics for induction and maintenance of mucosal healing in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) examining mucosal healing as an endpoint of immunosuppressives, anti-tumour necrosis factor α (anti-TNF) or anti-integrin monoclonal antibody therapy for moderate-to-severe CD or UC. Pooled effect sizes for induction and maintenance of mucosal healing were calculated and pairwise treatment comparisons evaluated using a Bayesian network meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 12 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis (CD - 2 induction, 4 maintenance; UC - 8 induction, 5 maintenance). Duration of follow-up was 6-12 weeks for induction and 32-54 weeks for maintenance trials. In CD, anti-TNFs were more effective than placebo for maintaining mucosal healing [28% vs. 1%, Odds ratio (OR) 19.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.51-110.84]. In UC, anti-TNFs and anti-integrins were more effective than placebo for inducing (45% vs. 30%) and maintaining mucosal healing (33% vs. 18%). In network analysis, adalimumab therapy was inferior to infliximab [OR 0.45, 95% credible interval (CrI) 0.25-0.82] and combination infliximab-azathioprine (OR 0.32, 95% CrI 0.12-0.84) for inducing mucosal healing in UC. There was no statistically significant pairwise difference between vedolizumab and anti-TNF agents in UC. CONCLUSIONS Anti-TNF and anti-integrin biological agents are effective in inducing mucosal healing in UC, with adalimumab being inferior to infliximab or combination therapy. Infliximab and adalimumab were similar in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurada Cholapranee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Glen S Hazlewood
- Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gilaad G. Kaplan
- Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Inserm U954 and Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, and Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre, France
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Gastroenterology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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205
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Ungaro R, Mehandru S, Allen PB, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Colombel JF. Ulcerative colitis. Lancet 2017; 389:1756-1770. [PMID: 27914657 PMCID: PMC6487890 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1997] [Impact Index Per Article: 285.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the colon, and its incidence is rising worldwide. The pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, epithelial barrier defects, dysregulated immune responses, and environmental factors. Patients with ulcerative colitis have mucosal inflammation starting in the rectum that can extend continuously to proximal segments of the colon. Ulcerative colitis usually presents with bloody diarrhoea and is diagnosed by colonoscopy and histological findings. The aim of management is to induce and then maintain remission, defined as resolution of symptoms and endoscopic healing. Treatments for ulcerative colitis include 5-aminosalicylic acid drugs, steroids, and immunosuppressants. Some patients can require colectomy for medically refractory disease or to treat colonic neoplasia. The therapeutic armamentarium for ulcerative colitis is expanding, and the number of drugs with new targets will rapidly increase in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Ungaro
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick B Allen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ulster Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Nancy-Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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206
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Intravenous mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: Lessons from the acute graft versus host disease experience. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:655-667. [PMID: 28433516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) are primitive, supportive cells of the bone marrow with tri-lineage potential to differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat and muscle. These cells possess both in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory and wound-healing properties. Several studies have demonstrated efficacy of intravenously administered BMSCs in treating acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Use of intravenous (IV) BMSCs in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in humans has been limited to small studies in adults, but results have been promising. There remain many unanswered questions regarding safety, tolerability, effectiveness and optimal use of BMSCs to treat IBD, particularly in immunocompromised patients. This article reviews the evidence for using BMSCs to treat acute GvHD and how this experience may inform the potential use of BMSCs as a treatment for IBD.
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207
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Okamoto R, Watanabe M. Functional relevance of intestinal epithelial cells in inflammatory bowel disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 39:522-527. [PMID: 28049961 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.39.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium constitutes a physical barrier between inner and outer side of our body. It also functions as a "hub" which connects factors that determine the development of inflammatory bowel disease, such as microbiota, susceptibility genes, and host immune response. Accordingly, recent studies have implicated and further featured the role of intestinal epithelial cell dysfunction in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. For example, mucin producing goblet cells are usually "depleted" in ulcerative colitis patients. Studies have shown that those goblet cells exhibit various immune-regulatory functions in addition to mucin production, such as antigen presentation or cytokine production. Paneth cells are another key cell lineage that has been deeply implicated in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease. Several susceptibility genes for Crohn's disease may lead to impairment of anti-bacterial peptide production and secretion by Paneth cells. Also, other susceptibility genes may determine the survival of Paneth cells, which leads to reduced Paneth cell function in the patient small intestinal mucosa. Further studies may reveal other unexpected roles of the intestinal epithelium in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease, and may help to develop alternative therapies targeted to intestinal epithelial cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Okamoto
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Center for stem cells and regenerative medicine
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208
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Evidence of Bidirectional Associations Between Perceived Stress and Symptom Activity: A Prospective Longitudinal Investigation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:473-483. [PMID: 28221251 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to explore the relationships among perceived stress, intestinal inflammation, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms over time. METHODS Participants were recruited from a population-based registry of persons with IBD and assessed at months 0, 3, and 6. Key dependent measures were the Manitoba IBD Index (symptom activity), Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, and fecal calprotectin in stool (intestinal inflammation). RESULTS Complete data were available for 417 participants at months 0; 369 provided follow-up data. Active symptoms were reported by 54% of those with Crohn's disease (CD) and 40% of those with ulcerative colitis (UC) and approximately one-third consistently had fecal calprotectin measures ≥250 μg/g, suggestive of active inflammation. A significant proportion of participants had indications of inflammation but no active symptoms over the 6 months. Correlations of month 0 perceived stress and disease activity measures with values at months 3 and 6 for both CD and UC indicated strong temporal stability. In hierarchical multiple regression analyses, month 0 symptom activity was thus a strong predictor of later symptom activity for CD and UC. Perceived stress predicted change in symptom activity from 0 to 3 months for CD, as did use of prednisone for UC. Comparably, month 0 perceived stress was a strong predictor of later perceived stress for CD and UC, while month 0 symptom activity predicted change in perceived stress from 0 to 3 months for both CD and UC. CONCLUSIONS The analysis revealed prospective bidirectional relationships between perceived stress and IBD symptoms but no relationship between perceived stress and change in intestinal inflammation as assessed by fecal calprotectin.
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209
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Abraham BP, Ahmed T, Ali T. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathophysiology and Current Therapeutic Approaches. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 239:115-146. [PMID: 28233184 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, most commonly categorized as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are immune mediated chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiopathogenesis is multifactorial with different environmental, genetic, immune mediated, and gut microbial factors playing important role. The current goals of therapy are to improve clinical symptoms, control inflammation, prevent complications, and improve quality of life. Different therapeutic agents, with their indications, mechanisms of action, and side effects are discussed in this chapter. Anti-integrin therapy, a newer therapeutic class, with its potential beneficial role in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is also mentioned. In the end, therapeutic algorithms for both diseases are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bincy P Abraham
- Houston Methodist Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Tauseef Ali
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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210
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Papamichael K, Baert F, Tops S, Assche GV, Rutgeerts P, Vermeire S, Gils A, Ferrante M. Post-Induction Adalimumab Concentration is Associated with Short-Term Mucosal Healing in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:53-59. [PMID: 27402915 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mucosal healing is associated with favourable therapeutic outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis [UC]. We investigated whether adalimumab concentrations during induction therapy are associated with short-term mucosal healing [STMH] in UC patients. METHODS This was a retrospective, single-centre study including consecutive UC patients treated with adalimumab from June 2005 to May 2014, who underwent an endoscopy both at baseline and after induction therapy [weeks 8-14] and at least one serum sample available at week 2 and/or week 4. STMH was defined as Mayo endoscopic sub-score of ≤1 with a baseline sub-score of ≥2. Adalimumab concentrations were evaluated using an in-house developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The study population consisted of 43 patients, the majority of whom [n = 38] were prior infliximab failures; the rest showed primary non-response [PNR, n = 5]. Twelve patients [27.9%] achieved STMH. Patients with STMH had higher adalimumab concentrations at week 4 compared to those without [10.6 vs 7.4 μg/ml, p = 0.014]. A receiver operating characteristic [ROC] analysis identified an adalimumab concentration threshold at week 4 of 9.4 μg/ml (area under the ROC curve [AUROC]: 0.778) and 7.5 μg/ml [AUROC: 0.798], after excluding patients with PNR to infliximab, to be associated with STMH. Multiple logistic regression analysis, after excluding patients with PNR to infliximab, identified adalimumab concentration ≥7.5 μg/ml at week 4 (odds ratio [OR]: 15.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-185; p = 0.029) and baseline endoscopic Mayo score 3 [OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.02-0.98; p = 0.047] as factors independently associated with STMH. CONCLUSIONS This study, reflecting real-life clinical practice, demonstrated that post-induction adalimumab concentrations are associated with STMH, while higher baseline mucosal inflammation is related to lack of STMH in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papamichael
- KU Leuven, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Baert
- Department of Gastroenterology, AZ Delta, Roeselare, Belgium
| | - Sophie Tops
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Assche
- KU Leuven, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Rutgeerts
- KU Leuven, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Severine Vermeire
- KU Leuven, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Gils
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Antibodies, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Ferrante
- KU Leuven, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders [TARGID], and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
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211
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Moran CP, Neary B, Doherty GA. Endoscopic evaluation in diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 8:723-732. [PMID: 28042386 PMCID: PMC5159670 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v8.i20.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopy is a keystone in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is the fundamental diagnostic tool for IBD, and can help discern between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Endoscopic assessment provides an objective end point in clinical trials, and identifies patients in clinical practice who may benefit from treatment escalation and may assist risk stratification in patients seeking to discontinue therapy. Recent advances in endoscopic assessment of patients with IBD include video capsule endoscopy, and chromoendoscopy. Technological advances enable improved visualization and focused biopsy sampling. Endoscopic resection and close surveillance of dysplastic lesions where feasible is recommended instead of prophylactic colectomy.
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212
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Aden K, Breuer A, Rehman A, Geese H, Tran F, Sommer J, Waetzig GH, Reinheimer TM, Schreiber S, Rose-John S, Scheller J, Rosenstiel P. Classic IL-6R signalling is dispensable for intestinal epithelial proliferation and repair. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e270. [PMID: 27869785 PMCID: PMC5141292 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by disturbed cytokine signalling in the mucosa. Inhibition of the proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-6 pathway is a promising new therapeutic strategy, but safety concerns arise as IL-6 signalling also contributes to epithelial repair of the intestinal mucosa. To which extent IL-6 classic or trans-signalling contributes to intestinal repair remains elusive. We tested the influence of IL-6 classic signalling on intestinal repair and proliferation. Whereas IL-6 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in the colonic cancer cell lines, primary non-malignant intestinal organoids did not respond to IL-6 classic signalling. Mice deficient in intestinal IL-6R (IL-6RΔIEC mice) did not display increased susceptibility to acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In the azoxymethane DSS model IL-6RΔIEC mice were not protected from inflammation-induced carcinogenesis but showed comparable tumor load to wild-type mice. These data indicate that classic signalling is not the major pathway to transduce IL-6 stimuli into the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,First Medical Department, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - A Breuer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - A Rehman
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - H Geese
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - F Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - J Sommer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - G H Waetzig
- CONARIS Research Institute AG, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - S Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,First Medical Department, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - S Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - J Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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213
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Mohammed N, Subramanian V. Clinical relevance of endoscopic assessment of inflammation in ulcerative colitis: Can endoscopic evaluation predict outcomes? World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9324-9332. [PMID: 27895420 PMCID: PMC5107696 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i42.9324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel condition characterised by a relapsing and remitting course. Symptom control has been the traditional mainstay of medical treatment. It is well known that histological inflammatory activity persists despite adequate symptom control and absence of endoscopic inflammation. Current evidence suggests that presence of histological inflammation poses a greater risk of disease relapse and subsequent colorectal cancer risk. New endoscopic technologies hold promise for developing endoscopic markers of mucosal inflammation. Achieving endoscopic and histological remission appears be the future aim of medical treatments for UC. This review article aims to evaluate the use of endoscopy as a tool in assessment of mucosal inflammation UC and its correlation with disease outcomes.
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214
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Pugliese D, Felice C, Papa A, Gasbarrini A, Rapaccini GL, Guidi L, Armuzzi A. Anti TNF-α therapy for ulcerative colitis: current status and prospects for the future. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 13:223-233. [PMID: 27687496 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1243468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti TNF-α agents have become a significant advance in the management of ulcerative colitis, proving to induce, with rapid onset, clinical and endoscopic remission. However, there is still a considerable unmet medical need in ulcerative colitis. Areas covered: The aim of this review was to summarize the patterns of use and the effectiveness of anti TNF-α in ulcerative colitis, highlighting their current position in treatment algorithms. Moreover, we set out a five-year view hypothesizing different treatment strategies. Expert commentary: The rapid onset of action and the effectiveness in inducing mucosal healing are the most important pros of anti TNF-α, supporting present and future use. Conversely, the relevant risk of loss of response and the safety profile have raised several concerns. In the future, the advent of different molecular targeting therapies can improve the management of UC patients, evolving to individually tailored strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pugliese
- a IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus , Gemelli Hospital Catholic University Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Carla Felice
- a IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus , Gemelli Hospital Catholic University Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Alfredo Papa
- a IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus , Gemelli Hospital Catholic University Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- a IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus , Gemelli Hospital Catholic University Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Gian Lodovico Rapaccini
- a IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus , Gemelli Hospital Catholic University Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Luisa Guidi
- a IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus , Gemelli Hospital Catholic University Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- a IBD Unit, Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Complesso Integrato Columbus , Gemelli Hospital Catholic University Foundation , Rome , Italy
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Heier CR, Fiorillo AA, Chaisson E, Gordish-Dressman H, Hathout Y, Damsker JM, Hoffman EP, Conklin LS. Identification of Pathway-Specific Serum Biomarkers of Response to Glucocorticoid and Infliximab Treatment in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2016; 7:e192. [PMID: 27628422 PMCID: PMC5288595 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum biomarkers may serve to predict early response to therapy, identify relapse, and facilitate drug development in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Biomarkers are particularly important in children, in whom achieving early remission and minimizing procedures are especially beneficial. METHODS We profiled protein and micro RNA (miRNA) in serum from patients pre- and post-therapy, to identify molecular markers of pharmacodynamic effect. Serum was obtained from children with IBD before and after treatment with either corticosteroids (prednisone; n=12) or anti-tumor necrosis factor-α biologic (infliximab; n=7). Over 1,100 serum proteins were assayed using aptamer-based SOMAscan proteomics, and 22 miRNAs analyzed by quantitative real time PCR. Concordance of longitudinal changes between the groups was used to identify markers responsive to treatment. Bioinformatic analysis was used to build insight into mechanisms of changes in response to treatment. RESULTS We identified 18 proteins and three miRNAs responsive to both prednisone and infliximab. Eight markers that decreased are associated with inflammation and have gene promoters regulated by nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Several that increased are associated with resolving inflammation and tissue damage. We also identified six markers that appear to be steroid-specific, three of which have glucocorticoid receptor binding elements in their promoter region. CONCLUSIONS Serum markers regulated by the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB are potential candidates for pharmacodynamic biomarkers that, if correlated with later outcomes like endoscopic or histologic healing, could be used to monitor treatment, optimize dosing, and enhance drug development. The pharmacodynamic biomarkers identified here hold potential to improve both clinical care and drug development. Further studies are warranted to investigate these markers as early predictors of response, or possibly surrogate outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Heier
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Alyson A Fiorillo
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ellen Chaisson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yetrib Hathout
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jesse M Damsker
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,ReveraGen BioPharma, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,ReveraGen BioPharma, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Laurie S Conklin
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
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216
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Ananthakrishnan AN. Infliximab or ciclosporin for acute severe ulcerative colitis? Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 1:2-3. [PMID: 28404107 PMCID: PMC5651678 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(16)30016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge Street, 9th floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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217
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Dolan KT, Chang EB. Diet, gut microbes, and the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27346644 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The rising incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases in recent decades has notably paralleled changing lifestyle habits in Western nations, which are now making their way into more traditional societies. Diet plays a key role in IBD pathogenesis, and there is a growing appreciation that the interaction between diet and microbes in a susceptible person contributes significantly to the onset of disease. In this review, we examine what is known about dietary and microbial factors that promote IBD. We summarize recent findings regarding the effects of diet in IBD epidemiology from prospective population cohort studies, as well as new insights into IBD-associated dysbiosis. Microbial metabolism of dietary components can influence the epithelial barrier and the mucosal immune system, and understanding how these interactions generate or suppress inflammation will be a significant focus of IBD research. Our knowledge of dietary and microbial risk factors for IBD provides important considerations for developing therapeutic approaches through dietary modification or re-shaping the microbiota. We conclude by calling for increased sophistication in designing studies on the role of diet and microbes in IBD pathogenesis and disease resolution in order to accelerate progress in response to the growing challenge posed by these complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Dolan
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago
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218
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Simian D, Fluxá D, Flores L, Lubascher J, Ibáñez P, Figueroa C, Kronberg U, Acuña R, Moreno M, Quera R. Inflammatory bowel disease: A descriptive study of 716 local Chilean patients. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5267-5275. [PMID: 27298570 PMCID: PMC4893474 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i22.5267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To demographically and clinically characterize inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from the local registry and update data previously published by our group.
METHODS: A descriptive study of a cohort based on a registry of patients aged 15 years or older who were diagnosed with IBD and attended the IBD program at Clínica Las Condes in Santiago, Chile. The registry was created in April 2012 and includes patients registered up to October 2015. The information was anonymously downloaded in a monthly report, and the information on patients with more than one visit was updated. The registry includes demographic, clinical and disease characteristics, including the Montreal Classification, medical treatment, surgeries and hospitalizations for crisis. Data regarding infection with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) were incorporated in the registry in 2014. Data for patients who received consultations as second opinions and continued treatment at this institution were also analyzed.
RESULTS: The study included 716 patients with IBD: 508 patients (71%) were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC), 196 patients (27%) were diagnosed with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 12 patients (2%) were diagnosed with unclassifiable IBD. The UC/CD ratio was 2.6/1. The median age was 36 years (range 16-88), and 58% of the patients were female, with a median age at diagnosis of 29 years (range 5-76). In the past 15 years, a sustained increase in the number of patients diagnosed with IBD was observed, where 87% of the patients were diagnosed between the years 2001 and 2015. In the cohort examined in the present study, extensive colitis (50%) and colonic involvement (44%) predominated in the patients with UC and CD, respectively. In CD patients, non-stricturing/non-penetrating behavior was more frequent (80%), and perianal disease was observed in 28% of the patients. There were significant differences in treatment between UC and CD, with a higher use of corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive and biological therapies was observed in the patients with CD (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Significant surgical differences were also observed: 5% of the UC patients underwent surgery, whereas 38% of the CD patients required at least one surgery (P < 0.01). The patients with CD were hospitalized more often during their disease course than the patients with UC (55% and 35% of the patients, respectively; P < 0.01). C. difficile infection was acquired by 5% of the patients in each group at some point during the disease course. Nearly half of the patients consulted at the institution for a second opinion, and 32% of these individuals continued treatment at the institution.
CONCLUSION: IBD has continued to increase in the study cohort, slowly approaching the level reported in developed countries.
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219
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Shah SC, Colombel JF, Sands BE, Narula N. Letter: mucosal healing is associated with improved long-term outcomes in Crohn's disease - authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 43:1347-8. [PMID: 27166988 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S C Shah
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - J-F Colombel
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - B E Sands
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Narula
- McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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220
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Relationship of clinical symptoms with biomarkers of inflammation in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:1335-42. [PMID: 27573259 PMCID: PMC5031739 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In adult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, there is a strong discrepancy between symptoms and biomarkers of inflammation. Data on pediatric IBD patients are conflicting. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical symptoms and biomarkers of inflammation in pediatric IBD. Patients aged <18 years with previously diagnosed Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were included. Clinical disease activity was determined using the abbreviated Pediatric CD Activity Index (aPCDAI) or Pediatric UC Activity Index (PUCAI). Biochemical disease activity was assessed using fecal calprotectin (FC) and C-reactive protein (CRP). In total, 127 patients (62 male; median age 14.9 years) were included (82 CD, 45 UC). FC correlated weakly with total aPCDAI score (r s = 0.32; 95 % CI 0.12-0.51; p = 0.003) and total PUCAI score (r s = 0.36; 95 % CI 0.07-0.62; p = 0.015). Only aPCDAI components abdominal examination and perirectal disease and PUCAI component activity level had a significant correlation with levels of FC. CRP correlated weakly with total aPCDAI score (r s = 0.28; 95 % CI 0.05-0.46; p = 0.012) and aPCDAI components abdominal examination and activity level. No significant correlation was observed between CRP and total PUCAI score (r s = 0.01; 95 % CI -0.34-0.29; p = 0.961) or individual PUCAI components. CONCLUSION There is a strong discrepancy between clinical symptoms and biomarkers of inflammation in children with IBD. WHAT IS KNOWN • A substantial proportion of asymptomatic pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have elevated biomarkers of inflammation. • There is a strong discrepancy between symptoms and biomarkers of inflammation in adults with IBD. What is New: • Clinical symptoms are only weakly associated with levels of fecal calprotectin and serum C-reactive protein in children and adolescents with previously diagnosed IBD. • Similarly to adult IBD patients, there is a strong discrepancy between clinical symptoms and biomarkers of inflammation in children with IBD.
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