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Boot A, Liu M, Stantial N, Shah V, Yu W, Nitiss KC, Nitiss JL, Jinks-Robertson S, Rozen SG. Recurrent mutations in topoisomerase IIα cause a previously undescribed mutator phenotype in human cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2114024119. [PMID: 35058360 PMCID: PMC8795545 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114024119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerases nick and reseal DNA to relieve torsional stress associated with transcription and replication and to resolve structures such as knots and catenanes. Stabilization of the yeast Top2 cleavage intermediates is mutagenic in yeast, but whether this extends to higher eukaryotes is less clear. Chemotherapeutic topoisomerase poisons also elevate cleavage, resulting in mutagenesis. Here, we describe p.K743N mutations in human topoisomerase hTOP2α and link them to a previously undescribed mutator phenotype in cancer. Overexpression of the orthologous mutant protein in yeast generated a characteristic pattern of 2- to 4-base pair (bp) duplications resembling those in tumors with p.K743N. Using mutant strains and biochemical analysis, we determined the genetic requirements of this mutagenic process and showed that it results from trapping of the mutant yeast yTop2 cleavage complex. In addition to 2- to 4-bp duplications, hTOP2α p.K743N is also associated with deletions that are absent in yeast. We call the combined pattern of duplications and deletions ID_TOP2α. All seven tumors carrying the hTOP2α p.K743N mutation showed ID_TOP2α, while it was absent from all other tumors examined (n = 12,269). Each tumor with the ID_TOP2α signature had indels in several known cancer genes, which included frameshift mutations in tumor suppressors PTEN and TP53 and an activating insertion in BRAF. Sequence motifs found at ID_TOP2α mutations were present at 80% of indels in cancer-driver genes, suggesting that ID_TOP2α mutagenesis may contribute to tumorigenesis. The results reported here shed further light on the role of topoisomerase II in genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoud Boot
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke University-National University of Singapore Medical School (Duke-NUS Medical School), 169857 Singapore;
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Mo Liu
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke University-National University of Singapore Medical School (Duke-NUS Medical School), 169857 Singapore
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Nicole Stantial
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Viraj Shah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Rockford, IL 61107
| | - Willie Yu
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke University-National University of Singapore Medical School (Duke-NUS Medical School), 169857 Singapore
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Karin C Nitiss
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Rockford, IL 61107
| | - John L Nitiss
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Rockford, IL 61107
| | - Sue Jinks-Robertson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710;
| | - Steven G Rozen
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke University-National University of Singapore Medical School (Duke-NUS Medical School), 169857 Singapore;
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
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202
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Singh M, Nicol AT, DelPozzo J, Wei J, Singh M, Nguyen T, Kobayashi S, Liang Q. Demystifying the Relationship Between Metformin, AMPK, and Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:839644. [PMID: 35141304 PMCID: PMC8818847 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.839644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an extremely effective and wide-spectrum anticancer drug, but its long-term use can lead to heart failure, which presents a serious problem to millions of cancer survivors who have been treated with DOX. Thus, identifying agents that can reduce DOX cardiotoxicity and concurrently enhance its antitumor efficacy would be of great clinical value. In this respect, the classical antidiabetic drug metformin (MET) has stood out, appearing to have both antitumor and cardioprotective properties. MET is proposed to achieve these beneficial effects through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an essential regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism. AMPK itself has been shown to protect the heart and modulate tumor growth under certain conditions. However, the role and mechanism of the hypothesized MET-AMPK axis in DOX cardiotoxicity and antitumor efficacy remain to be firmly established by in vivo studies using tumor-bearing animal models and large-scale prospective clinical trials. This review summarizes currently available literature for or against a role of AMPK in MET-mediated protection against DOX cardiotoxicity. It also highlights the emerging evidence suggesting distinct roles of the AMPK subunit isoforms in mediating the functions of unique AMPK holoenzymes composed of different combinations of isoforms. Moreover, the review provides a perspective regarding future studies that may help fully elucidate the relationship between MET, AMPK and DOX cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manrose Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Akito T. Nicol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Jaclyn DelPozzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Tony Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Qiangrong Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Qiangrong Liang
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203
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Bhattacharjee A, Sarma S, Sen T, Singh AK. Alterations in molecular response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against anti-tuberculosis drugs. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3987-4002. [PMID: 35066765 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has plagued humans since the early middle-ages. More than one million deaths are recorded annually due to TB, even in present times. These deaths are primarily attributed to the constant appearance of resistant TB strains. Even with the advent of new therapeutics and diagnostics techniques, tuberculosis remains challenging to control due to resistant M. tuberculosis strains. Aided by various molecular changes, these strains adapt to stress created by anti-tuberculosis drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The review thus is an overview of ongoing research in the genome and transcriptome of antibiotic-resistant TB. It explores omics-based research to identify mutation and utilization of differential gene expression. CONCLUSIONS This study shows several mutations distinctive in the first- and second-line drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains. It also explores the expressional differences of genes involved in the fundamental process of the cells and how they help in drug resistance. With the development of transcriptomics-based studies, a new insight has developed to inquire about gene expression changes in drug resistance. This information on expressional pattern changes can be utilized to design the basic platform of anti-TB treatments and therapeutic approaches. These novel insights can be instrumental in disease diagnosis and global containment of resistant TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Bhattacharjee
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sangita Sarma
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Tejosmita Sen
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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204
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Stalling of Eukaryotic Translesion DNA Polymerases at DNA-Protein Cross-Links. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020166. [PMID: 35205211 PMCID: PMC8872012 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) are extremely bulky adducts that interfere with replication. In human cells, they are processed by SPRTN, a protease activated by DNA polymerases stuck at DPCs. We have recently proposed the mechanism of the interaction of DNA polymerases with DPCs, involving a clash of protein surfaces followed by the distortion of the cross-linked protein. Here, we used a model DPC, located in the single-stranded template, the template strand of double-stranded DNA, or the displaced strand, to study the eukaryotic translesion DNA polymerases ζ (POLζ), ι (POLι) and η (POLη). POLι demonstrated poor synthesis on the DPC-containing substrates. POLζ and POLη paused at sites dictated by the footprints of the polymerase and the cross-linked protein. Beyond that, POLζ was able to elongate the primer to the cross-link site when a DPC was in the template. Surprisingly, POLη was not only able to reach the cross-link site but also incorporated 1–2 nucleotides past it, which makes POLη the most efficient DNA polymerase on DPC-containing substrates. However, a DPC in the displaced strand was an insurmountable obstacle for all polymerases, which stalled several nucleotides before the cross-link site. Overall, the behavior of translesion polymerases agrees with the model of protein clash and distortion described above.
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205
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Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium ulcerans DNA gyrase and identification of mutations reduced susceptibility against quinolones in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0190221. [PMID: 35041504 PMCID: PMC9017346 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01902-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer disease is a neglected necrotizing and disabling cutaneous tropical illness caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Fluoroquinolone (FQ), used in the treatment of this disease, has been known to act by inhibiting the enzymatic activities of DNA gyrase. However, the detailed molecular basis of these characteristics and the FQ resistance mechanisms in M. ulcerans remains unknown. This study investigated the detailed molecular mechanism of M. ulcerans DNA gyrase and the contribution of FQ resistance in vitro using recombinant proteins from the M. ulcerans subsp. shinshuense and Agy99 strains with reduced sensitivity to FQs. The IC50 of FQs against Ala91Val and Asp95Gly mutants of M. ulcerans shinshuense and Agy99 GyrA subunits were 3.7- to 42.0-fold higher than those against wild-type (WT) enzyme. Similarly, the quinolone concentrations required to induce 25% of the maximum DNA cleavage (CC25) was 10- to 210-fold higher than those for the WT enzyme. Furthermore, the interaction between the amino acid residues of the WT/mutant M. ulcerans DNA gyrase and FQ side chains were assessed by molecular docking studies. This was the first elaborative study demonstrating the contribution of mutations in M. ulcerans DNA GyrA subunit to FQ resistance in vitro.
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206
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Stimulus-responsive drug/gene delivery system based on polyethylenimine cyclodextrin nanoparticles for potential cancer therapy. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 276:118747. [PMID: 34823779 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy through simultaneous delivery of anti-cancer drugs and genes with nano-assembled structure has been proved to be a simple and effective approach for treating breast cancer. In this study, redox-sensitive folate-appended-polyethylenimine-β-cyclodextrin (roFPC) host-guest supramolecular nanoparticles (HGSNPs) were developed as a targeted co-delivery system of doxorubicin (Dox) and Human telomerase reverse transcriptase-small interfering RNA) hTERT siRNA) for potential cancer therapy. The nanotherapeutic system was prepared by loading adamantane-conjugated doxorubicin (Ad-Dox) into roFPC through the supramolecular assembly, followed by electrostatically-driven self-assembly between hTERT siRNA and roFPC/Ad-Dox. The roFPC' host-guest structures allow pH-dependent intracellular drug release in a sustained manner, as well as simultaneous and effective gene transfection. This co-delivery vector displayed combined anti-tumor properties of the Dox-enhanced gene transfection, good water-solubility, and biocompatibility, possesses considerably enhanced hemocompatibility, and especially targets folate receptor-positive cells only at low N/P levels to prompt effective cell apoptosis for cancer treatment.
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207
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Deng X, Luo T, Li Z, Wen H, Zhang H, Yang X, Lei F, Liu D, Shi T, Zhao Q, Wang Z. Design, synthesis and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of 3-arylisoquinoline alkaloids. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:113985. [PMID: 34802836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the syntheses and biological activity of five 3-arylisoquinoline natural products corydamine (1), N-formyl Corydamine (2), hypecumine (3), Decumbenine B (XW) and 2-(1,3-dioxolo [4,5-h]isoquinolin-7-yl)-4,5-dimethoxy-N-methyl-Benzeneethanamine (A), and twelve analogues. Among them, 1, 2, and A were synthesized for the first time. In vitro screening for anti-proliferative activity showed that derivative 1a could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells (IC50 = 9.82 μM on Huh7 cells and 6.83 μM on LM9 cells), and arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase. The mechanistic studies further suggested compound 1a was a dual inhibitor of Topo I and Topo II, and Topo II inhibitory activity was superior to etoposide. In addition, 1a could significantly inhibit the invasion and migration of cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of MMP-9, and induce apoptosis through inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, in vivo studies demonstrated 1a could obviously reduce the growth of xenograft tumor and possessed good pharmacokinetic parameters, which indicated the potential value of 1a in treating liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tian Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huaixiu Wen
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Xining, 810008, PR China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Fang Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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208
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Takahashi DT, Gadelle D, Agama K, Kiselev E, Zhang H, Yab E, Petrella S, Forterre P, Pommier Y, Mayer C. Topoisomerase I (TOP1) dynamics: conformational transition from open to closed states. Nat Commun 2022; 13:59. [PMID: 35013228 PMCID: PMC8748870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic topoisomerases I (TOP1) are ubiquitous enzymes removing DNA torsional stress. However, there is little data concerning the three-dimensional structure of TOP1 in the absence of DNA, nor how the DNA molecule can enter/exit its closed conformation. Here, we solved the structure of thermostable archaeal Caldiarchaeum subterraneum CsTOP1 in an apo-form. The enzyme displays an open conformation resulting from one substantial rotation between the capping (CAP) and the catalytic (CAT) modules. The junction between these two modules is a five-residue loop, the hinge, whose flexibility permits the opening/closing of the enzyme and the entry of DNA. We identified a highly conserved tyrosine near the hinge as mediating the transition from the open to closed conformation upon DNA binding. Directed mutagenesis confirmed the importance of the hinge flexibility, and linked the enzyme dynamics with sensitivity to camptothecin, a TOP1 inhibitor targeting the TOP1 enzyme catalytic site in the closed conformation. Topoisomerase I (TOP1) relaxes both positive and negative supercoils by nicking DNA and after rotation of the broken DNA strand closes the nick. Here, the authors present the DNA free crystal structure of TOP1 from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Caldiarchaeum subterraneum in the open form and discuss the mechanism of how DNA enters the catalytic site of TOP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane T Takahashi
- Institut de Biologie Integrative de la Cellule, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France. .,Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, F-67412, Illkirch, France.
| | - Danièle Gadelle
- Institut de Biologie Integrative de la Cellule, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Keli Agama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Evgeny Kiselev
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emilie Yab
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Petrella
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Forterre
- Institut de Biologie Integrative de la Cellule, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Yves Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Claudine Mayer
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, F-75013, Paris, France.,ICube-UMR7357, CSTB, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
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209
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Poku VO, Iram SH. A critical review on modulators of Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 in cancer cells. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12594. [PMID: 35036084 PMCID: PMC8742536 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) is an ATP-dependent efflux transporter, and responsible for the transport of a broad spectrum of xenobiotics, toxins, and physiological substrates across the plasma membrane. As an efflux pump, it plays a significant role in the absorption and disposition of drugs including anticancer drugs, antivirals, antimalarials, and antibiotics and their metabolites across physiological barriers in cells. MRP1 is also known to aid in the regulation of several physiological processes such as redox homeostasis, steroid metabolism, and tissue defense. However, its overexpression has been reported to be a key clinical marker associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) of several types of cancers including lung cancer, childhood neuroblastoma, breast and prostate carcinomas, often resulting in a higher risk of treatment failure and shortened survival rates in cancer patients. Aside MDR, overexpression of MRP1 is also implicated in the development of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Due to the cellular importance of MRP1, the identification and biochemical/molecular characterization of modulators of MRP1 activity and expression levels are of key interest to cancer research and beyond. This review primarily aims at highlighting the physiological and pharmacological importance of MRP1, known MRP1 modulators, current challenges encountered, and the potential benefits of conducting further research on the MRP1 transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Osei Poku
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America
| | - Surtaj Hussain Iram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States of America,American University of Iraq, Sulaimaniya, Sulaimani, KRG, Iraq
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210
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Deng Y, Ngo DTM, Holien JK, Lees JG, Lim SY. Mitochondrial Dynamin-Related Protein Drp1: a New Player in Cardio-oncology. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:1751-1763. [PMID: 36181612 PMCID: PMC9715477 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01333-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This study is aimed at reviewing the recent progress in Drp1 inhibition as a novel approach for reducing doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and for improving cancer treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Anthracyclines (e.g. doxorubicin) are one of the most common and effective chemotherapeutic agents to treat a variety of cancers. However, the clinical usage of doxorubicin has been hampered by its severe cardiotoxic side effects leading to heart failure. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the major aetiologies of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. The morphology of mitochondria is highly dynamic, governed by two opposing processes known as fusion and fission, collectively known as mitochondrial dynamics. An imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics is often reported in tumourigenesis which can lead to adaptive and acquired resistance to chemotherapy. Drp1 is a key mitochondrial fission regulator, and emerging evidence has demonstrated that Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission is upregulated in both cancer cells to their survival advantage and injured heart tissue in the setting of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Effective treatment to prevent and mitigate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is currently not available. Recent advances in cardio-oncology have highlighted that Drp1 inhibition holds great potential as a targeted mitochondrial therapy for doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Deng
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,O’Brien Institute Department, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria Australia
| | - Doan T. M. Ngo
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, Hunter Medical Research Institute & University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales Australia
| | - Jessica K. Holien
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Jarmon G. Lees
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,O’Brien Institute Department, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria Australia
| | - Shiang Y. Lim
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,O’Brien Institute Department, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria Australia ,Drug Discovery Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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211
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Synthetic approaches for BF2-containing adducts of outstanding biological potential. A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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212
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Dey D, Hasan MM, Biswas P, Papadakos SP, Rayan RA, Tasnim S, Bilal M, Islam MJ, Arshe FA, Arshad EM, Farzana M, Rahaman TI, Baral SK, Paul P, Bibi S, Rahman MA, Kim B. Investigating the Anticancer Potential of Salvicine as a Modulator of Topoisomerase II and ROS Signaling Cascade. Front Oncol 2022; 12:899009. [PMID: 35719997 PMCID: PMC9198638 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.899009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvicine is a new diterpenoid quinone substance from a natural source, specifically in a Chinese herb. It has powerful growth-controlling abilities against a broad range of human cancer cells in both in vitro and in vivo environments. A significant inhibitory effect of salvicine on multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells has also been discovered. Several research studies have examined the activities of salvicine on topoisomerase II (Topo II) by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. As opposed to the well-known Topo II toxin etoposide, salvicine mostly decreases the catalytic activity with a negligible DNA breakage effect, as revealed by several enzymatic experiments. Interestingly, salvicine dramatically reduces lung metastatic formation in the MDA-MB-435 orthotopic lung cancer cell line. Recent investigations have established that salvicine is a new non-intercalative Topo II toxin by interacting with the ATPase domains, increasing DNA-Topo II interaction, and suppressing DNA relegation and ATP hydrolysis. In addition, investigations have revealed that salvicine-induced ROS play a critical role in the anticancer-mediated signaling pathway, involving Topo II suppression, DNA damage, overcoming multidrug resistance, and tumor cell adhesion suppression, among other things. In the current study, we demonstrate the role of salvicine in regulating the ROS signaling pathway and the DNA damage response (DDR) in suppressing the progression of cancer cells. We depict the mechanism of action of salvicine in suppressing the DNA-Topo II complex through ROS induction along with a brief discussion of the anticancer perspective of salvicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipta Dey
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Rehab A. Rayan
- Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sabiha Tasnim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- College of Pharmacy, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Mohammod Johirul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Alam Arshe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Efat Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maisha Farzana
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tanjim Ishraq Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | | | - Priyanka Paul
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Md. Ataur Rahman, ; Bonglee Kim,
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Md. Ataur Rahman, ; Bonglee Kim,
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213
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Wang X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Han Q, Yan H, Yang T, Guo Z. Platinum Complexes as Inhibitors of DNA Repair Protein Ku70 and Topoisomerase IIα in Cancer Cells. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3188-3197. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03700e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ku70 protein and topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα) are promising targets of anticancer drugs, which play critical roles in DNA repair and replication processes. Three platinum(II) complexes, [PtCl(NH3)2(9-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-9H-carbazole)]NO3 (OPPC), [PtCl(NH3)2(9-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-9H-carbazole)]NO3 (MPPC),...
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214
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Flörkemeier I, Steinhauer TN, Hedemann N, Weimer JP, Rogmans C, van Mackelenbergh MT, Maass N, Clement B, Bauerschlag DO. High Antitumor Activity of the Dual Topoisomerase Inhibitor P8-D6 in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:2. [PMID: 35008166 PMCID: PMC8750241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer constitutes the leading cause of cancer deaths among females. However, numerous shortcomings, including low bioavailability, resistance and significant side effects, are responsible for insufficient treatment. The ultimate goal, therefore, is to improve the success rates and, thus, the range available treatment options for breast cancer. Consequently, the identification, development and evaluation of potential novel drugs such as P8-D6 with seminal antitumor capacities have a high clinical need. P8-D6 effectively induces apoptosis by acting as a dual topoisomerase I/II inhibitor. This study provides an overview of the effectiveness of P8-D6 in breast cancer with both 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids compared to standard therapeutic agents. For this drug effectiveness review, cell lines and ex vivo primary cells were used and cytotoxicity, apoptosis rates and membrane integrity were examined. This study provides evidence for a significant P8-D6-induced increase in apoptosis and cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells compared to the efficacy of standard therapeutic drugs. To sum up, P8-D6 is a fast and powerful inductor of apoptosis and might become a new and suitable therapeutic option for breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Flörkemeier
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.F.); (N.H.); (J.P.W.); (C.R.); (M.T.v.M.); (N.M.)
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Tamara N. Steinhauer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Nina Hedemann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.F.); (N.H.); (J.P.W.); (C.R.); (M.T.v.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Jörg Paul Weimer
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.F.); (N.H.); (J.P.W.); (C.R.); (M.T.v.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Christoph Rogmans
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.F.); (N.H.); (J.P.W.); (C.R.); (M.T.v.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Marion T. van Mackelenbergh
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.F.); (N.H.); (J.P.W.); (C.R.); (M.T.v.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Nicolai Maass
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.F.); (N.H.); (J.P.W.); (C.R.); (M.T.v.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Bernd Clement
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Dirk O. Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.F.); (N.H.); (J.P.W.); (C.R.); (M.T.v.M.); (N.M.)
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215
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Radiosensitizer Effect of β-Apopicropodophyllin against Colorectal Cancer via Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413514. [PMID: 34948311 PMCID: PMC8708374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
β-apopicropodophyllin (APP), a derivative of podophyllotoxin (PPT), has been identified as a potential anti-cancer drug. This study tested whether APP acts as an anti-cancer drug and can sensitize colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to radiation treatment. APP exerted an anti-cancer effect against the CRC cell lines HCT116, DLD-1, SW480, and COLO320DM, with IC50 values of 7.88 nM, 8.22 nM, 9.84 nM, and 7.757 nM, respectively, for the induction of DNA damage. Clonogenic and cell counting assays indicated that the combined treatment of APP and γ-ionizing radiation (IR) showed greater retardation of cell growth than either treatment alone, suggesting that APP sensitized CRC cells to IR. Annexin V–propidium iodide (PI) assays and immunoblot analysis showed that the combined treatment of APP and IR increased apoptosis in CRC cells compared with either APP or IR alone. Results obtained from the xenograft experiments also indicated that the combination of APP and IR enhanced apoptosis in the in vivo animal model. Apoptosis induction by the combined treatment of APP and IR resulted from reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inhibition of ROS by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) restored cell viability and decreased the induction of apoptosis by APP and IR in CRC cells. Taken together, these results indicate that a combined treatment of APP and IR might promote apoptosis by inducing ROS in CRC cells.
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216
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Suslov EV, Ponomarev KY, Volcho KP, Salakhutdinov NF. Azaadamantanes, a New Promising Scaffold for Medical Chemistry. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1133-1154. [PMID: 34931112 PMCID: PMC8675118 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021060236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Azaadamantanes are nitrogen-containing analogs of adamantane, which contain one or more nitrogen atoms instead of carbon atoms. This substitution leads to several specific chemical and physical properties. The azaadamantane derivatives have less lipophilicity compared to their adamantane analogs, which affects both their interaction with biological targets and bioavailability. The significant increase in the number of publications during the last decade (2009-2020) concerning the study of reactivity and biological activity of azaadamantanes and their derivatives indicates a great theoretical and practical interest in these compounds. Compounds with pronounced biological activity have been already discovered among azaadamantane derivatives. The review is devoted to the biological activity of azaadamantanes and their derivatives. It presents the main methods for the synthesis of di- and triazaadamantanes and summarizes the accumulated data on studying the biological activity of these compounds. The prospects for the use of azaadamantanes in medical chemistry and pharmacology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. V. Suslov
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - K. Yu. Ponomarev
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - K. P. Volcho
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N. F. Salakhutdinov
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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217
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Abegg D, Tomanik M, Qiu N, Pechalrieu D, Shuster A, Commare B, Togni A, Herzon SB, Adibekian A. Chemoproteomic Profiling by Cysteine Fluoroalkylation Reveals Myrocin G as an Inhibitor of the Nonhomologous End Joining DNA Repair Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20332-20342. [PMID: 34817176 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemoproteomic profiling of cysteines has emerged as a powerful method for screening the proteome-wide targets of cysteine-reactive fragments, drugs, and natural products. Herein, we report the development and an in-depth evaluation of a tetrafluoroalkyl benziodoxole (TFBX) as a cysteine-selective chemoproteomic probe. We show that this probe features numerous key improvements compared to the traditionally used cysteine-reactive probes, including a superior target occupancy, faster labeling kinetics, and broader proteomic coverage, thus enabling profiling of cysteines directly in live cells. In addition, the fluorine "signature" of probe 7 constitutes an additional advantage resulting in a more confident adduct-amino acid site assignment in mass-spectrometry-based identification workflows. We demonstrate the utility of our new probe for proteome-wide target profiling by identifying the cellular targets of (-)-myrocin G, an antiproliferative fungal natural product with a to-date unknown mechanism of action. We show that this natural product and a simplified analogue target the X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 (XRCC5), an ATP-dependent DNA helicase that primes DNA repair machinery for nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) upon DNA double-strand breaks, making them the first reported inhibitors of this biomedically highly important protein. We further demonstrate that myrocins disrupt the interaction of XRCC5 with DNA leading to sensitization of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide as well as UV-light-induced DNA damage. Altogether, our next-generation cysteine-reactive probe enables broader and deeper profiling of the cysteinome, rendering it a highly attractive tool for elucidation of targets of electrophilic small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Martin Tomanik
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Dany Pechalrieu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Anton Shuster
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Bruno Commare
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Togni
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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218
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Hartmann RW, Pijnappel M, Nilvebrant J, Helgudottir HR, Asbjarnarson A, Traustadottir GA, Gudjonsson T, Nygren PÅ, Lehmann F, Odell LR. The Wittig bioconjugation of maleimide derived, water soluble phosphonium ylides to aldehyde-tagged proteins. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10417-10423. [PMID: 34817496 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we disclose the transformation of maleimides into water-soluble tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphonium ylides and their subsequent application in the bioconjugation of protein- and peptide-linked aldehydes. The new entry into Wittig bioconjugate chemistry proceeds under mild conditions and relies on highly water soluble reagents, which are likely already part of most biochemists' inventory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael W Hartmann
- Recipharm OT Chemistry, Virdings allé 16, 75450 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomediciniska Centrum, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - Johan Nilvebrant
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Protein Engineering, KTH School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biology and Health, AlbaNova Universitetscentrum, Roslagsvägen 30B, 10961 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hildur Run Helgudottir
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arni Asbjarnarson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspítali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Per-Åke Nygren
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Protein Engineering, KTH School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biology and Health, AlbaNova Universitetscentrum, Roslagsvägen 30B, 10961 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lehmann
- Recipharm OT Chemistry, Virdings allé 16, 75450 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luke R Odell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomediciniska Centrum, Husargatan 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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219
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Rząd K, Paluszkiewicz E, Neubauer D, Olszewski M, Kozłowska-Tylingo K, Kamysz W, Gabriel I. The Effect of Conjugation with Octaarginine, a Cell-Penetrating Peptide on Antifungal Activity of Imidazoacridinone Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413190. [PMID: 34947987 PMCID: PMC8705783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acridine cell-penetrating peptide conjugates are an extremely important family of compounds in antitumor chemotherapy. These conjugates are not so widely analysed in antimicrobial therapy, although bioactive peptides could be used as nanocarriers to smuggle antimicrobial compounds. An octaarginine conjugate of an imidazoacridinone derivative (Compound 1-R8) synthetized by us exhibited high antifungal activity against reference and fluconazole-resistant clinical strains (MICs ≤ 4 μg mL−1). Our results clearly demonstrate the qualitative difference in accumulation of the mother compound and Compound 1-R8 conjugate into fungal cells. Only the latter was transported and accumulated effectively. Microscopic and flow cytometry analysis provide some evidence that the killing activity of Compound 1-R8 may be associated with a change in the permeability of the fungal cell membrane. The conjugate exhibited low cytotoxicity against human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) and human liver (HEPG2) cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, the selectivity index value of the conjugate for human pathogenic strains remained favourable and no hemolytic activity was observed. The inhibitory effect of the analysed compound on yeast topoisomerase II activity suggested its molecular target. In summary, conjugation with R8 effectively increased imidazoacridinone derivative ability to enter the fungal cell and achieve a concentration inside the cell that resulted in a high antifungal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Rząd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.R.); (E.P.); (M.O.); (K.K.-T.)
| | - Ewa Paluszkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.R.); (E.P.); (M.O.); (K.K.-T.)
| | - Damian Neubauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107th Avenue, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.N.); (W.K.)
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.R.); (E.P.); (M.O.); (K.K.-T.)
| | - Katarzyna Kozłowska-Tylingo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.R.); (E.P.); (M.O.); (K.K.-T.)
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gen. J. Hallera 107th Avenue, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (D.N.); (W.K.)
| | - Iwona Gabriel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.R.); (E.P.); (M.O.); (K.K.-T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-348-6078; Fax: +48-58-347-1144
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220
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Wang M, Shu XS, Li M, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Huang X, Li J, Wei P, He Z, Lu J, Ying Y. A Novel Strategy Conjugating PD-L1 Polypeptide With Doxorubicin Alleviates Chemotherapeutic Resistance and Enhances Immune Response in Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:737323. [PMID: 34858817 PMCID: PMC8631515 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.737323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Modifying the structure of anti-tumor chemotherapy drug is of significance to enhance the specificity and efficacy of drug-delivery. A novel proteolysis resistant PD-L1-targeted peptide (PPA1) has been reported to bind to PD-L1 and disrupt the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, thus appearing as an outstanding tumor-targeting modification of synergistic drug conjugate for effective anti-tumor treatment. However, the combination regimen of coupling PD-L1 polypeptide with chemotherapeutic drug in tumoricidal treatment has not been reported thus far. Methods We developed a novel synergistic strategy by conjugating PPA1 to doxorubicin (DOX) with a pH sensitive linker that can trigger the release of DOX near acidic tumor tissues. The binding affinity of PPA1-DOX with PD-L1 and the acid-sensitive cleavage of PPA1-DOX were investigated. A mouse xenograft model of colon cancer was used to evaluate the biodistribution, cytotoxicity and anti-tumor activity of PPA1-DOX. Results PPA1-DOX construct showed high binding affinity with PD-L1 in vitro and specifically enriched within tumor when administered in vivo. PPA1-DOX exhibited a significantly lower toxicity and a remarkably higher antitumor activity in vivo, as compared with free PPA1, random polypeptide-DOX conjugate, DOX, or 5-FU, respectively. Moreover, increased infiltration of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was found in tumors from PPA1-DOX treated mice. Conclusions We describe here for the first time that the dual-functional conjugate PPA1-DOX, which consist of the PD-L1-targeted polypeptide that renders both the tumor-specific drug delivery and inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibition, and a cytotoxic agent that is released and kills tumor cells once reaching tumor tissues, thus representing a promising therapeutic option for colon cancer with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing-Sheng Shu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youli Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianna Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhendan He
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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221
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Douglas C, Maciulyte V, Zohren J, Snell DM, Mahadevaiah SK, Ojarikre OA, Ellis PJI, Turner JMA. CRISPR-Cas9 effectors facilitate generation of single-sex litters and sex-specific phenotypes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6926. [PMID: 34862376 PMCID: PMC8642469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals are essential genetic tools in scientific research and global resources in agriculture. In both arenas, a single sex is often required in surplus. The ethical and financial burden of producing and culling animals of the undesired sex is considerable. Using the mouse as a model, we develop a synthetic lethal, bicomponent CRISPR-Cas9 strategy that produces male- or female-only litters with one hundred percent efficiency. Strikingly, we observe a degree of litter size compensation relative to control matings, indicating that our system has the potential to increase the yield of the desired sex in comparison to standard breeding designs. The bicomponent system can also be repurposed to generate postnatal sex-specific phenotypes. Our approach, harnessing the technological applications of CRISPR-Cas9, may be applicable to other vertebrate species, and provides strides towards ethical improvements for laboratory research and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Douglas
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Valdone Maciulyte
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jasmin Zohren
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Snell
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Obah A Ojarikre
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - James M A Turner
- Sex Chromosome Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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222
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Aichinger G. Natural Dibenzo-α-Pyrones: Friends or Foes? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313063. [PMID: 34884865 PMCID: PMC8657677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural dibenzo-α-pyrones (DAPs) can be viewed from two opposite angles. From one angle, the gastrointestinal metabolites urolithins are regarded as beneficial, while from the other, the emerging mycotoxin alternariol and related fungal metabolites are evaluated critically with regards to potential hazardous effects. Thus, the important question is: can the structural characteristics of DAP subgroups be held responsible for distinct bioactivity patterns? If not, certain toxicological and/or pharmacological aspects of natural DAPs might yet await elucidation. Thus, this review focuses on comparing published data on the two groups of natural DAPs regarding both adverse and beneficial effects on human health. Literature on genotoxic, estrogenic, endocrine-disruptive effects, as well as on the induction of the cellular anti-oxidative defense system, anti-inflammatory properties, the inhibition of kinases, the activation of mitophagy and the induction of autophagy, is gathered and critically reviewed. Indeed, comparing published data suggests similar bioactivity profiles of alternariol and urolithin A. Thus, the current stratification into hazardous Alternaria toxins and healthy urolithins seems debatable. An extrapolation of bioactivities to the other DAP sub-class could serve as a promising base for further research. Conclusively, urolithins should be further evaluated toward high-dose toxicity, while alternariol derivatives could be promising chemicals for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Aichinger
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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223
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Mehlich D, Łomiak M, Sobiborowicz A, Mazan A, Dymerska D, Szewczyk ŁM, Mehlich A, Borowiec A, Prełowska MK, Gorczyński A, Jabłoński P, Iżycka-Świeszewska E, Nowis D, Marusiak AA. MLK4 regulates DNA damage response and promotes triple-negative breast cancer chemoresistance. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1111. [PMID: 34839359 PMCID: PMC8627512 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance constitutes a major challenge in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Mixed-Lineage Kinase 4 (MLK4) is frequently amplified or overexpressed in TNBC where it facilitates the aggressive growth and migratory potential of breast cancer cells. However, the functional role of MLK4 in resistance to chemotherapy has not been investigated so far. Here, we demonstrate that MLK4 promotes TNBC chemoresistance by regulating the pro-survival response to DNA-damaging therapies. We observed that MLK4 knock-down or inhibition sensitized TNBC cell lines to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. Similarly, MLK4-deficient cells displayed enhanced sensitivity towards doxorubicin treatment in vivo. MLK4 silencing induced persistent DNA damage accumulation and apoptosis in TNBC cells upon treatment with chemotherapeutics. Using phosphoproteomic profiling and reporter assays, we demonstrated that loss of MLK4 reduced phosphorylation of key DNA damage response factors, including ATM and CHK2, and compromised DNA repair via non-homologous end-joining pathway. Moreover, our mRNA-seq analysis revealed that MLK4 is required for DNA damage-induced expression of several NF-кB-associated cytokines, which facilitate TNBC cells survival. Lastly, we found that high MLK4 expression is associated with worse overall survival of TNBC patients receiving anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Collectively, these results identify a novel function of MLK4 in the regulation of DNA damage response signaling and indicate that inhibition of this kinase could be an effective strategy to overcome TNBC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Mehlich
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Doctoral School of Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Łomiak
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sobiborowicz
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Mazan
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Dymerska
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz M Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Mehlich
- Department of Internal Diseases Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Borowiec
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika K Prełowska
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Jabłoński
- Department of Pathomorphology, Copernicus P.L., Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Iżycka-Świeszewska
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna A Marusiak
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. .,ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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224
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Structural evolution of a DNA repair self-resistance mechanism targeting genotoxic secondary metabolites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6942. [PMID: 34836957 PMCID: PMC8626424 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes produce a broad spectrum of antibiotic natural products, including many DNA-damaging genotoxins. Among the most potent of these are DNA alkylating agents in the spirocyclopropylcyclohexadienone (SCPCHD) family, which includes the duocarmycins, CC-1065, gilvusmycin, and yatakemycin. The yatakemycin biosynthesis cluster in Streptomyces sp. TP-A0356 contains an AlkD-related DNA glycosylase, YtkR2, that serves as a self-resistance mechanism against yatakemycin toxicity. We previously reported that AlkD, which is not present in an SCPCHD producer, provides only limited resistance against yatakemycin. We now show that YtkR2 and C10R5, a previously uncharacterized homolog found in the CC-1065 biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces zelensis, confer far greater resistance against their respective SCPCHD natural products. We identify a structural basis for substrate specificity across gene clusters and show a correlation between in vivo resistance and in vitro enzymatic activity indicating that reduced product affinity-not enhanced substrate recognition-is the evolutionary outcome of selective pressure to provide self-resistance against yatakemycin and CC-1065.
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225
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Crewe M, Madabhushi R. Topoisomerase-Mediated DNA Damage in Neurological Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:751742. [PMID: 34899270 PMCID: PMC8656403 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.751742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system is vulnerable to genomic instability and mutations in DNA damage response factors lead to numerous developmental and progressive neurological disorders. Despite this, the sources and mechanisms of DNA damage that are most relevant to the development of neuronal dysfunction are poorly understood. The identification of primarily neurological abnormalities in patients with mutations in TDP1 and TDP2 suggest that topoisomerase-mediated DNA damage could be an important underlying source of neuronal dysfunction. Here we review the potential sources of topoisomerase-induced DNA damage in neurons, describe the cellular mechanisms that have evolved to repair such damage, and discuss the importance of these repair mechanisms for preventing neurological disorders.
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226
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Krissanaprasit A, Key CM, Pontula S, LaBean TH. Self-Assembling Nucleic Acid Nanostructures Functionalized with Aptamers. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13797-13868. [PMID: 34157230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have worked for many decades to master the rules of biomolecular design that would allow artificial biopolymer complexes to self-assemble and function similarly to the diverse biochemical constructs displayed in natural biological systems. The rules of nucleic acid assembly (dominated by Watson-Crick base-pairing) have been less difficult to understand and manipulate than the more complicated rules of protein folding. Therefore, nucleic acid nanotechnology has advanced more quickly than de novo protein design, and recent years have seen amazing progress in DNA and RNA design. By combining structural motifs with aptamers that act as affinity handles and add powerful molecular recognition capabilities, nucleic acid-based self-assemblies represent a diverse toolbox for use by bioengineers to create molecules with potentially revolutionary biological activities. In this review, we focus on the development of self-assembling nucleic acid nanostructures that are functionalized with nucleic acid aptamers and their great potential in wide ranging application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhichart Krissanaprasit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Carson M Key
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Sahil Pontula
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas H LaBean
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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227
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Abstract
Current strategies of combating bacterial infections are limited and involve the use of antibiotics and preservatives. Each of these agents has generally inadequate efficacy and a number of serious adverse effects. Thus, there is an urgent need for new antimicrobial drugs and food preservatives with higher efficacy and lower toxicity. Edible plants have been used in medicine since ancient times and are well known for their successful antimicrobial activity. Often photosensitizers are present in many edible plants; they could be a promising source for a new generation of drugs and food preservatives. The use of photodynamic therapy allows enhancement of antimicrobial properties in plant photosensitizers. The purpose of this review is to present the verified data on the antimicrobial activities of photodynamic phytochemicals in edible species of the world’s flora, including the various mechanisms of their actions.
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228
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Hongo H, Kosaka T, Suzuki Y, Mikami S, Fukada J, Oya M. Topoisomerase II alpha inhibition can overcome taxane-resistant prostate cancer through DNA repair pathways. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22284. [PMID: 34782700 PMCID: PMC8593019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cabazitaxel (CBZ) is approved for the treatment of docetaxel-resistant castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, its efficacy against CRPC is limited, and there are no effective treatments for CBZ-resistant CRPC. This study explored the optimal treatment for CRPC in the post-cabazitaxel setting. PC3 (CBZ-sensitive) and PC3CR cells (CBZ-resistant) were used in this study. We performed in silico drug screening for candidate drugs that could reprogram the gene expression signature of PC3CR cells. The in vivo effect of the drug combination was tested in xenograft mice models. We identified etoposide (VP16) as a promising treatment candidate for CBZ-resistant CRPC. The WST assay revealed that VP16 had a significant antitumor effect on PC3CR cells. PC3CR cells exhibited significantly higher topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) expression than PC3 cells. Higher TOP2A expression was a poor prognostic factor in The Cancer Genome Atlas prostate cancer cohort. In the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center dataset, docetaxel-exposed tissues and metastatic tumors had higher TOP2A expression. In addition, VP16 significantly inhibited the growth of tumors generated from both cell lines. Based on these findings, VP16-based chemotherapy may be an optimal treatment for CPRC in the post-CBZ setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hongo
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Yoko Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shuji Mikami
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Fukada
- Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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229
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TOP2B's contributions to transcription. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2483-2493. [PMID: 34747992 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transcription is regulated and mediated by multiprotein complexes in a chromatin context. Transcription causes changes in DNA topology which is modulated by DNA topoisomerases, enzymes that catalyse changes in DNA topology via transient breaking and re-joining of one or both strands of the phosphodiester backbone. Mammals have six DNA topoisomerases, this review focuses on one, DNA topoisomerase II beta (TOP2B). In the absence of TOP2B transcription of many developmentally regulated genes is altered. Long genes seem particularly susceptible to the lack of TOP2B. Biochemical studies of the role of TOP2B in transcription regulated by ligands such as nuclear hormones, growth factors and insulin has revealed PARP1 associated with TOP2B and also PRKDC, XRCC5 and XRCC6. Analysis of publicly available databases of protein interactions confirms these interactions and illustrates interactions with other key transcriptional regulators including TRIM28. TOP2B has been shown to interact with proteins involved in chromosome organisation including CTCF and RAD21. Comparison of publicly available Chip-seq datasets reveals the location at which these proteins interact with genes. The availability of resources such as large datasets of protein-protein interactions, e.g. BioGrid and IntAct and protein-DNA interactions such as Chip-seq in GEO enables scientists to extend models and propose new hypotheses.
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230
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Jiang W, Cai G, Hu P, Wang Y. Personalized medicine of non-gene-specific chemotherapies for non-small cell lung cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3406-3416. [PMID: 34900526 PMCID: PMC8642451 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer is recognized as the deadliest cancer across the globe. In some areas, it is more common in women than even breast and cervical cancer. Its rise, vaulted by smoking habits and increasing air pollution, has garnered much attention and resource in the medical field. The first lung cancer treatments were developed more than half a century ago. Unfortunately, many of the earlier chemotherapies often did more harm than good, especially when they were used to treat genetically unsuitable patients. With the introduction of personalized medicine, physicians are increasingly aware of when, how, and in whom, to use certain anti-cancer agents. Drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies possess limited utility because they target specific oncogenic mutations, but other drugs that target mechanisms universal to all cancers do not. In this review, we discuss many of these non-oncogene-targeting anti-cancer agents including DNA replication inhibitors (i.e., alkylating agents and topoisomerase inhibitors) and cytoskeletal function inhibitors to highlight their application in the setting of personalized medicine as well as their limitations and resistance factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guiqing Cai
- Quest Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675, USA
| | - Peter Hu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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231
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Song Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Wu L, Wang Z. Requirement for containing etoposide in the initial treatment of lymphoma associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:598-606. [PMID: 34724875 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1996139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe or even fatal inflammatory status caused by a hereditary or acquired immunoregulatory abnormality. Lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (LAHS) is a kind of secondary HLH (sHLH). It suffers the worst outcome among sHLH. However, there is no standard treatment strategy. The argument mainly focuses on whether an HLH-directed or malignancy-directed approach should initially be adopted. Etoposide is one of the key drugs in HLH treatment and also shows activity in lymphomas. We sought to identify the importance of containing etoposide in the initial treatment of LAHS. 66 patients diagnosed with LAHS in our center during the three years were divided into two groups according to whether the initial treatment involved etoposide or lymphoma-directed chemotherapy without etoposide. The remission rate of the initial etoposide group (52 patients) is significantly better than that of the no initial etoposide group (14 patients) (73.1% vs. 42.9%, p = .033). The two-month survival rate (79.8% vs. 46.8%, p = .035) and overall survival (median survival time 25.8 w vs. 7.8 w, p = .048) of the initial etoposide contained group is significantly better. Multivariate cox analysis revealed that for patients without EBV infection (37 cases), initial treatment with etoposide could significantly improve prognosis (p = .010, Exp(B) = 0.183), but for patients with positive EBV, it shows a tendency. Containing etoposide is beneficial in the initial treatment of LAHS, whether in the HLH-directed or lymphoma-directed strategy. It provides higher response rate, lower mortality rate, and better survival, especially for EBV negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- Department and Institution: Department of Hematology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshi Wang
- Department and Institution: Department of Hematology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yini Wang
- Department and Institution: Department of Hematology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department and Institution: Department of Hematology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department and Institution: Department of Hematology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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232
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de Almeida PSVB, de Arruda HJ, Sousa GLS, Ribeiro FV, de Azevedo-França JA, Ferreira LA, Guedes GP, Silva H, Kummerle AE, Neves AP. Cytotoxicity evaluation and DNA interaction of Ru II-bipy complexes containing coumarin-based ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14908-14919. [PMID: 34609400 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01567b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although there are various treatment options for cancer, this disease still has caused an increasing number of deaths, demanding more efficient, selective and less harmful drugs. Several classes of ruthenium compounds have been investigated as metallodrugs for cancer, mainly after the entry of imidazolH [trans-RuCl4-(DMSO-S)(imidazole)] (NAMI-A) and indazolH [trans-RuCl4-(Indazol)2] (KP1019) in clinical trials. In this sense, RuII complexes with general formula [Ru(L1-3)(bipy)2]PF6 (1-3) (L1 = ethyl 3-(6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-3-oxopropanoate, L2 = ethyl 3-(7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-3-oxopropanoate, L3 = ethyl 3-(8-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-3-oxopropanoate and bipy = bipyridine) have been synthesized. The crystal structure of 2 revealed that the RuII atom lies on a distorted octahedral geometry with the deprotonated ligand (L2-) coordinated through β-ketoester group oxygen atoms. In vitro cytotoxic activity of the compounds was evaluated against 4T1 (murine mammary carcinoma) and B16-F10 (murine metastatic melanoma) tumor cells, and the non-tumor cell line BHK-21 (baby hamster kidney). Coordination with RuII resulted in expressive enhancement of cytotoxic activity. The precursors were inactive below 100 μM and the final RuII complexes (1-3) showed IC50 ranging from 2.0 to 12.8 μM; 2 being the most potent compound. DNA interaction studies revealed a greater capacity of the complexes to interact with DNA than the ligands, where, 2 exhibited the highest Kb constant of 2.2 × 104 M-1. Fluorescence investigation demonstrated that 1-3 are capable of quenching the fluorescence emission of the EtdBr-DNA complex up to 40%. Molecular docking showed that the interaction of 1-3 between the DNA base pairs from the coumarin portion was with scores of 67.28, 68.62 and 64.88, respectively, and 75.45 for ellipticine, suggesting an intercalative mode of binding. Our findings show that the RuII complexes are eligible for continuing to be investigated as potential antitumor compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia S V B de Almeida
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Henrique Jefferson de Arruda
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Gleyton Leonel S Sousa
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Vitório Ribeiro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Larissa A Ferreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme P Guedes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Heveline Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Arthur E Kummerle
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Amanda P Neves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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233
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van der Westhuizen D, Bezuidenhout DI, Munro OQ. Cancer molecular biology and strategies for the design of cytotoxic gold(I) and gold(III) complexes: a tutorial review. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17413-17437. [PMID: 34693422 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review highlights key principles underpinning the design of selected metallodrugs to target specific biological macromolecules (DNA and proteins). The review commences with a descriptive overview of the eukaryotic cell cycle and the molecular biology of cancer, particularly apoptosis, which is provided as a necessary foundation for the discovery, design, and targeting of metal-based anticancer agents. Drugs which target DNA have been highlighted and clinically approved metallodrugs discussed. A brief history of the development of mainly gold-based metallodrugs is presented prior to addressing ligand systems for stabilizing and adding functionality to bio-active gold(I) and gold(III) complexes, particularly in the burgeoning field of anticancer metallodrugs. Concepts such as multi-modal and selective cytotoxic agents are covered where necessary for selected compounds. The emerging role of carbenes as the ligand system of choice to achieve these goals for gold-based metallodrug candidates is highlighted prior to closing the review with comments on some future directions that this research field might follow. The latter section ultimately emphasizes the importance of understanding the fate of metal complexes in cells to garner key mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle van der Westhuizen
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Daniela I Bezuidenhout
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Orde Q Munro
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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234
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New Hybrid Compounds Combining Fragments of Usnic Acid and Thioether Are Inhibitors of Human Enzymes TDP1, TDP2 and PARP1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111336. [PMID: 34768766 PMCID: PMC8583042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) catalyzes the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond between the tyrosine residue of topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) and the 3' phosphate of DNA in the single-strand break generated by TOP1. TDP1 promotes the cleavage of the stable DNA-TOP1 complexes with the TOP1 inhibitor topotecan, which is a clinically used anticancer drug. This article reports the synthesis and study of usnic acid thioether and sulfoxide derivatives that efficiently suppress TDP1 activity, with IC50 values in the 1.4-25.2 μM range. The structure of the heterocyclic substituent introduced into the dibenzofuran core affects the TDP1 inhibitory efficiency of the compounds. A five-membered heterocyclic fragment was shown to be most pharmacophoric among the others. Sulfoxide derivatives were less cytotoxic than their thioester analogs. We observed an uncompetitive type of inhibition for the four most effective inhibitors of TDP1. The anticancer effect of TOP1 inhibitors can be enhanced by the simultaneous inhibition of PARP1, TDP1, and TDP2. Some of the compounds inhibited not only TDP1 but also TDP2 and/or PARP1, but at significantly higher concentration ranges than TDP1. Leader compound 10a showed promising synergy on HeLa cells in conjunction with the TOP1 inhibitor topotecan.
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235
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Jeon KH, Park S, Jang HJ, Hwang SY, Shrestha A, Lee ES, Kwon Y. AK-I-190, a New Catalytic Inhibitor of Topoisomerase II with Anti-Proliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Activity on Androgen-Negative Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011246. [PMID: 34681904 PMCID: PMC8538266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a clinical challenge in treatment because of its aggressive nature and resistance to androgen deprivation therapy. Topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitors have been suggested as a strategy to overcome these issues. We previously reported AK-I-190 as a novel topoisomerase II inhibitor. In this study, the mechanism of AK-I-190 was clarified using various types of spectroscopic and biological evaluations. AK-I-190 showed potent topoisomerase II inhibitory activity through intercalating into DNA without stabilizing the DNA-enzyme cleavage complex, resulting in significantly less DNA toxicity than etoposide, a clinically used topoisomerase II poison. AK-I-190 induced G1 arrest and effectively inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation in combination with paclitaxel in an androgen receptor–negative CRPC cell line. Our results confirmed that topoisomerase II catalytic inhibition inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of AR-independently growing prostate cancer cells. These findings indicate the clinical relevance of topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitors in androgen receptor-negative prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (K.-H.J.); (S.P.); (H.J.J.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Seojeong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (K.-H.J.); (S.P.); (H.J.J.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Hae Jin Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (K.-H.J.); (S.P.); (H.J.J.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Soo-Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (K.-H.J.); (S.P.); (H.J.J.); (S.-Y.H.)
| | - Aarajana Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (A.S.); (E.-S.L.)
| | - Eung-Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (A.S.); (E.-S.L.)
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (K.-H.J.); (S.P.); (H.J.J.); (S.-Y.H.)
- Correspondence:
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236
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Brito VB, Nascimento LVM, Moura DJ, Saffi J. Cardioprotective Effect of Maternal Supplementation with Resveratrol on Toxicity Induced by Doxorubicin in Offspring Cardiomyocytes. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:1147-1158. [PMID: 34644787 PMCID: PMC8757151 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento A doxorrubicina (DOX) é frequentemente usada para tratar muitos tipos de cânceres, apesar da cardiotoxicidade dose-dependente. Como alternativa, o resveratrol é um polifenol que tem demonstrado efeitos cardioprotetores em vários modelos de disfunção cardíaca. Objetivo Este estudo investigou se o tratamento com resveratrol em ratas gestantes protege contra toxicidade induzida por doxorrubicina em cardiomiócitos da ninhada. Métodos Ratas Wistar (n-8) receberam sresveratrol como suplemento alimentar durante a gestação. No nascimento da ninhada, os corações (9-11) foram usados para se obter a cultura primária de cardiomiócitos. A cardiotoxicidade induzida por DOX e os efeitos da suplementação com resveratrol foram avaliados por marcadores de stress oxidativo, tais como oxidação da diclorofluoresceína diacetato, diminuição da atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, e oxidação do teor total de grupos sulfidrila, além da avaliação da viabilidade celular, geração de danos ao DNA, bem como a resposta de reparo aos danos ao DNA. Um valor de p <0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Os cardiomiócitos de neonatos de ratas que receberam suplemento resveratrol apresentaram um aumento (p <0,01) na viabilidade das células, e diminuição (p <0,0001) de células apoptóticas/necróticas após o tratamento com DOX, o que está correlacionado às atividades de enzimas antioxidantes e produção de diclorofluoresceína. Além disso, o resveratrol protegeu os cardiomiócitos de danos ao DNA induzidos por DOX, apresentando uma diminuição (p <0,05) nas quebras de DNA induzidas por stress oxidativo, avaliadas pela atividade de enzimas reparadoras do DNA endonuclease III e formamidopirimidina glicosilase. A suplementação com resveratrol aumentou (p <0,05) a expressão da proteína reparadora Sirt6 nos cardiomiócitos dos filhotes. Conclusão Essa pesquisa indica que a suplementação com resveratrol durante o período gestacional tem um efeito cardioprotetor no coração da ninhada contra a toxicidade induzida por DOX, o que pode se dever a sua função antioxidante, e o aumento na resposta de danos ao DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Bidinotto Brito
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil.,Faculdades Integradas de Taquara , Taquara , RS - Brasil
| | | | | | - Jenifer Saffi
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , RS - Brasil
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237
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Exploitation of a novel allosteric binding region in DNA gyrase and its implications for antibacterial drug discovery. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:2125-2127. [PMID: 34605249 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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238
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Abstract
Topoisomerases are enzymes that play essential roles in DNA replication, transcription, chromosome segregation, and recombination. All cells have two major forms of DNA topoisomerases: type I enzymes, which make single-stranded cuts in DNA, and type II enzymes, which cut and decatenate double-stranded DNA. DNA topoisomerases are important targets of approved and experimental anti-cancer agents. Provided in this article are protocols to assess activities of topoisomerases and their inhibitors. Included are an assay for topoisomerase I activity based on relaxation of supercoiled DNA; an assay for topoisomerase II based on the decatenation of double-stranded DNA; and approaches for enriching and quantifying DNA-protein covalent complexes formed as obligatory intermediates in the reactions of type I and II topoisomerases with DNA; and assays for measuring DNA cleavage in vitro. Topoisomerases are not the only proteins that form covalent adducts with DNA in living cells, and the approaches described here are likely to find use in characterizing other protein-DNA adducts and exploring their utility as targets for therapy. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Assay of topoisomerase I activity Basic Protocol 2: Assay of topoisomerase II activity Basic Protocol 3: In vivo determination of topoisomerase covalent complexes using the in vivo complex of enzyme (ICE) assay Support Protocol 1: Preparation of mouse tissue for determination of topoisomerase covalent complexes using the ICE assay Support Protocol 2: Using recombinant topoisomerase standard for absolute quantification of cellular TOP2CC Basic Protocol 4: Quantification of topoisomerase-DNA covalent complexes by RADAR/ELISA: The rapid approach to DNA adduct recovery (RADAR) combined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Basic Protocol 5: Analysis of protein-DNA covalent complexes by RADAR/Western Support Protocol 3: Adduct-Seq to characterize adducted DNA Support Protocol 4: Nuclear fractionation and RNase treatment to reduce sample complexity Basic Protocol 6: Determination of DNA cleavage by purified topoisomerase I Basic Protocol 7: Determination of inhibitor effects on DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II using a plasmid linearization assay Alternate Protocol: Gel electrophoresis determination of topoisomerase II cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Nitiss
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Rockford, Illinois
| | - Kostantin Kiianitsa
- Departments of Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yilun Sun
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Karin C Nitiss
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Rockford, Illinois.,Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois
| | - Nancy Maizels
- Departments of Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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239
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Arabameri N, Heshmatipour Z, Eftekhar Ardebili S, Jafari Bidhendi Z. The role of Gene Mutations ( gyrA, parC) in Resistance to Ciprofloxacin in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 16:426-432. [PMID: 34567192 PMCID: PMC8463757 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2021.520570.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. This bacterium's antibiotic resistance to the common fluoroquinolone antibiotics, especially ciprofloxacin, is due to mutations in the gyrA and parC genes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the mutation in (gyrA, parC) on ciprofloxacin resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: A total of 140 clinical samples were collected from hospitals. The samples were identified by standard biochemical tests, and the antibiotic resistance was investigated by the disk diffusion method. DNA was extracted from 30 isolates, and PCR was performed. PCR-sequencing was carried out to assess gyrA and parC mutations in drug-resistant isolates. NCBI-Blast and MEGA7 software was used to analyze the nucleotide sequences. Results: 30 clinical isolates were 80% resistant to ciprofloxacin; meanwhile, in 21 samples, mutations were observed. 87/5% of mutations were related to gyrA (Thr83 → Ile), 79/16 % parC (Ser87 → Leu), and 4/18% (Glu91 → Lys). The antibiotic resistance to ciprofloxacin and mutations in gyrA and parC genes in resistant isolates are significantly related to each other (P<0.05). Conclusion: The mutations in the gyrA and parC genes play an essential role in resistance to ciprofloxacin in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Arabameri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Zoheir Heshmatipour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Shima Eftekhar Ardebili
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Zeinab Jafari Bidhendi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
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240
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Compensatory Protection of Thioredoxin-Deficient Cells from Etoposide-Induced Cell Death by Selenoprotein W via Interaction with 14-3-3. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910338. [PMID: 34638679 PMCID: PMC8508763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein W (SELENOW) is a 9.6 kDa protein containing selenocysteine (Sec, U) in a conserved Cys-X-X-Sec (CXXU) motif. Previously, we reported that SELENOW regulates various cellular processes by interacting with 14-3-3β at the U of the CXXU motif. Thioredoxin (Trx) is a small protein that plays a key role in the cellular redox regulatory system. The CXXC motif of Trx is critical for redox regulation. Recently, an interaction between Trx1 and 14-3-3 has been predicted. However, the binding mechanism and its biological effects remain unknown. In this study, we found that Trx1 interacted with 14-3-3β at the Cys32 residue in the CXXC motif, and SELENOW and Trx1 were bound at Cys191 residue of 14-3-3β. In vitro binding assays showed that SELENOW and Trx1 competed for interaction with 14-3-3β. Compared to control cells, Trx1-deficient cells and SELENOW-deficient cells showed increased levels of both the subG1 population and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage by etoposide treatment. Moreover, Akt phosphorylation of Ser473 was reduced in Trx1-deficient cells and was recovered by overexpression of SELENOW. These results indicate that SELENOW can protect Trx1-deficient cells from etoposide-induced cell death through its interaction with 14-3-3β.
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241
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Pitchakarn P, Inthachat W, Karinchai J, Temviriyanukul P. Human Hazard Assessment Using Drosophila Wing Spot Test as an Alternative In Vivo Model for Genotoxicity Testing-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9932. [PMID: 34576092 PMCID: PMC8472225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability, one of cancer's hallmarks, is induced by genotoxins from endogenous and exogenous sources, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), diet, and environmental pollutants. A sensitive in vivo genotoxicity test is required for the identification of human hazards to reduce the potential health risk. The somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) or wing spot test is a genotoxicity assay involving Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) as a classical, alternative human model. This review describes the principle of the SMART assay in conjunction with its advantages and disadvantages and discusses applications of the assay covering all segments of health-related industries, including food, dietary supplements, drug industries, pesticides, and herbicides, as well as nanoparticles. Chemopreventive strategies are outlined as a global health trend for the anti-genotoxicity of interesting herbal extract compounds determined by SMART assay. The successful application of Drosophila for high-throughput screening of mutagens is also discussed as a future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Jirarat Karinchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
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242
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Liu Y, Lehnert T, Mayr T, Gijs MAM. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by measuring bacterial oxygen consumption on an integrated platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3520-3531. [PMID: 34286790 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cellular respiration is a fundamental feature of metabolic activity and oxygen consumption can be considered as a reliable indicator of bacterial aerobic respiration, including for facultative anaerobic bacteria like E. coli. Addressing the emerging global health challenge of antimicrobial resistance, we performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the bacterial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as a phenotypic indicator. We demonstrated that microbial exposure to antibiotics showed systematic OCR variations, which enabled determining minimum inhibitory concentrations for three clinically relevant antibiotics, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin, within a few hours. Our study was performed by using photoluminescence-based oxygen sensing in a microchamber format, which enabled reducing the sample volume to a few hundred microliters. OCR modeling based on exponential bacterial growth allowed estimating the bacterial doubling time for various culture conditions (different types of media, different culture temperature and antibiotic concentrations). Furthermore, correlating metabolic heat production data, as obtained by nanocalorimetry in the same type of microchamber, and OCR measurements provided further insight on the actual metabolic state and activity of a microbial sample. This approach represents a new path towards more comprehensive microbiological studies performed on integrated miniaturized systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Lehnert
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 80 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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243
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Jo U, Murai Y, Takebe N, Thomas A, Pommier Y. Precision Oncology with Drugs Targeting the Replication Stress, ATR, and Schlafen 11. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4601. [PMID: 34572827 PMCID: PMC8465591 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine aims to implement strategies based on the molecular features of tumors and optimized drug delivery to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment. DNA replication is a logical approach because it can be targeted by a broad range of anticancer drugs that are both clinically approved and in development. These drugs increase deleterious replication stress (RepStress); however, how to selectively target and identify the tumors with specific molecular characteristics are unmet clinical needs. Here, we provide background information on the molecular processes of DNA replication and its checkpoints, and discuss how to target replication, checkpoint, and repair pathways with ATR inhibitors and exploit Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) as a predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukhyun Jo
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA; (Y.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Yasuhisa Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA; (Y.M.); (A.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA;
| | - Anish Thomas
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA; (Y.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4264, USA; (Y.M.); (A.T.)
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244
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Aksenov AV, Arutiunov NA, Kirilov NK, Aksenov DA, Grishin IY, Aksenov NA, Wang H, Du L, Betancourt T, Pelly SC, Kornienko A, Rubin M. [3 + 2]-Annulation of pyridinium ylides with 1-chloro-2-nitrostyrenes unveils a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7234-7245. [PMID: 34387294 PMCID: PMC8439629 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01141c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Indolizines and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines were prepared via [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of pyridinium ylides to 1-chloro-2-nitrostyrenes. The synthesized molecules were evaluated for antiproliferative activities against a BE(2)-C neuroblastoma cell line with several compounds decreasing the viability of cancer cells. Indolizine 9db showed higher potency than that of all-trans-retinoic acid, an approved cancer drug. Mechanistically, it was found to inhibit tubulin polymerization and it is thus proposed that the discovered chemistry can be exploited for the development of novel microtubule-targeting anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355009, Russia.
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245
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Melancon MP, Yevich S, Avritscher R, Swigost A, Lu L, Tian L, Damasco JA, Dixon K, Cortes AC, Munoz NM, Liang D, Liu D, Tam AL. A novel irinotecan-lipiodol nanoemulsion for intravascular administration: pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in the normal and tumor bearing rat liver. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:240-251. [PMID: 33501859 PMCID: PMC8725905 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1869863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States and treatment options are limited for patients who develop liver metastases. Several chemotherapeutic regimens have been used for transvascular liver-directed therapy in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases without clear evidence of superiority of one therapy over another. We describe the development of a novel nanoemulsion through combining irinotecan (IRI), a first line systemic agent used for the treatment of colon cancer, with lipiodol, an oily contrast medium derived from poppy seed oil, and evaluated its pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profile as a function of portal venous chemoembolization (PVCE) versus transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) delivery. The Tessari technique was used to create a stable emulsion (20 mg IRI mixed with 2 mL lipiodol) with resultant particle size ranging from 28.9 nm to 56.4 nm. Pharmacokinetic profile established through venous sampling in Buffalo rats demonstrate that the area under the curve (AUC0−∞) of IRI was significantly less after PVCE with IRI-lipiodol as compared to IRI alone (131 vs. 316 µg*min/mL, p-value = .023), suggesting significantly higher amounts of IRI retention in the liver with the IRI-lipiodol nanoemulsion via first-pass extraction. Subseqent biodistribution studies in tumor-bearing WAG/Rjj rats revealed more IRI present in the tumor following TACE versus PVCE (29.19 ± 12.33 µg/g versus 3.42 ± 1.62; p-value = .0033) or IV (29.19 ± 12.33 µg/g versus 1.05 ± 0.47; p-value = .0035). The IRI-lipiodol nanoemulsion demonstrated an acceptable hepatotoxicity profile in all routes of administration. In conclusion, the IRI-lipiodol nanoemulsion via TACE showed promise and warrants further investigation as an option for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marites P Melancon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Yevich
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rony Avritscher
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adam Swigost
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Linfeng Lu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jossana A Damasco
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine Dixon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea C Cortes
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nina M Munoz
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Liu
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alda L Tam
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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246
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Santos D, Gomes HF, Ribeiro L, Farias AB, Romeiro NC, da Fonseca RN, Nepomuceno-Silva JL, Moraes J. Inhibition of Aedes aegypti DNA topoisomerase II by etoposide: Impact on survival and morphology of larvae and pupae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 247:109066. [PMID: 33930525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/01/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase II enzymes maintain DNA stability during vital processes, such as genome replication, transcription and chromosomal segregation during mitosis and meiosis. In the present work, we analyzed functional aspects of the DNA topoisomerase II (AeTopII) enzyme of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Here, we show that AeTopII mRNA is expressed at all stages of mosquito development. By in situ hybridization, we found that the AeTopII mRNA is concentrated along the ovarian follicular cells as well as in the region of the follicles. The observed expression profiles likely reflect increased topoisomerase II cellular requirements due to the intense ovarian growth and egg production following blood feeding in Ae. aegypti females. The drug etoposide, a classic inhibitor of topoisomerase II, was used for in vivo testing with 2nd stage larvae, in order to investigate the functional importance of this enzyme in Ae. aegypti survival and development. Inhibition of topoisomerase II activity with etoposide concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 μM did not leads to the immediate death of larvae. However, after 10 days of observation, etoposide treatments resulted in 30-40% decrease in survival, in a dose dependent manner, with persisting larvae and pupae presenting incomplete development, as well as morphological abnormalities. Also, approximately 50% of the treated larvae did not reach the pupal stage. Thus, we conclude that AeTopII is a vital enzyme in the development of Ae. aegypti and its sensitivity to inhibitors should be explored for potential chemical agents to be used in vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Santos
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda, NUPEM, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José Barreto, N° 764, Bairro, São José do Barreto, Macaé, RJ CEP: 27.965-045, Brazil
| | - Helga F Gomes
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda, NUPEM, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José Barreto, N° 764, Bairro, São José do Barreto, Macaé, RJ CEP: 27.965-045, Brazil
| | - Lupis Ribeiro
- Laboratório Integrado Ciências Morfofuncionais, NUPEM, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José Barreto, N° 764, Bairro, São José do Barreto, Macaé, RJ CEP: 27.965-045, Brazil
| | - André B Farias
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP: 21941-909, Brazil; Laboratório Integrado de Computação Científica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Avenida Aluízio da Silva Gomes, 50, CEP 27930-560, Granja dos Cavaleiros, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nelilma C Romeiro
- Laboratório Integrado de Computação Científica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira, Avenida Aluízio da Silva Gomes, 50, CEP 27930-560, Granja dos Cavaleiros, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes da Fonseca
- Laboratório Integrado Ciências Morfofuncionais, NUPEM, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José Barreto, N° 764, Bairro, São José do Barreto, Macaé, RJ CEP: 27.965-045, Brazil
| | - José L Nepomuceno-Silva
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda, NUPEM, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José Barreto, N° 764, Bairro, São José do Barreto, Macaé, RJ CEP: 27.965-045, Brazil
| | - Jorge Moraes
- Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica Hatisaburo Masuda, NUPEM, Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida São José Barreto, N° 764, Bairro, São José do Barreto, Macaé, RJ CEP: 27.965-045, Brazil.
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247
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Exploring antibiotics as ligands in metal–organic and hydrogen bonding frameworks: Our novel approach towards enhanced antimicrobial activity (mini-review). Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Main KHS, Provan JI, Haynes PJ, Wells G, Hartley JA, Pyne ALB. Atomic force microscopy-A tool for structural and translational DNA research. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:031504. [PMID: 34286171 PMCID: PMC8272649 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful imaging technique that allows for structural characterization of single biomolecules with nanoscale resolution. AFM has a unique capability to image biological molecules in their native states under physiological conditions without the need for labeling or averaging. DNA has been extensively imaged with AFM from early single-molecule studies of conformational diversity in plasmids, to recent examinations of intramolecular variation between groove depths within an individual DNA molecule. The ability to image dynamic biological interactions in situ has also allowed for the interaction of various proteins and therapeutic ligands with DNA to be evaluated-providing insights into structural assembly, flexibility, and movement. This review provides an overview of how innovation and optimization in AFM imaging have advanced our understanding of DNA structure, mechanics, and interactions. These include studies of the secondary and tertiary structure of DNA, including how these are affected by its interactions with proteins. The broader role of AFM as a tool in translational cancer research is also explored through its use in imaging DNA with key chemotherapeutic ligands, including those currently employed in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James I. Provan
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Geoffrey Wells
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Hartley
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
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Jeon KH, Shrestha A, Jang HJ, Kim JA, Sheen N, Seo M, Lee ES, Kwon Y. Anticancer Activity of Indeno[1,2-b]-Pyridinol Derivative as a New DNA Minor Groove Binding Catalytic Inhibitor of Topoisomerase IIα. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:562-570. [PMID: 34011695 PMCID: PMC8411023 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase IIα has been a representative anti-cancer target for decades thanks to its functional necessity in highly proliferative cancer cells. As type of topoisomerase IIα targeting drugs, topoisomerase II poisons are frequently in clinical usage. However, topoisomerase II poisons result in crucial consequences resulted from mechanistically induced DNA toxicity. For this reason, it is needed to develop catalytic inhibitors of topoisomerase IIα through the alternative mechanism of enzymatic regulation. As a catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerase IIα, AK-I-191 was previously reported for its enzyme inhibitory activity. In this study, we clarified the mechanism of AK-I-191 and conducted various types of spectroscopic and biological evaluations for deeper understanding of its mechanism of action. Conclusively, AK-I-191 represented potent topoisomerase IIα inhibitory activity through binding to minor groove of DNA double helix and showed synergistic effects with tamoxifen in antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Aarajana Shrestha
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ahn Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Naeun Sheen
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Seok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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Acute and Delayed Doxorubicin-Induced Myocardiotoxicity Associated with Elevation of Cardiac Biomarkers, Depletion of Cellular Antioxidant Enzymes, and Several Histopathological and Ultrastructural Changes. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090880. [PMID: 34575029 PMCID: PMC8467687 DOI: 10.3390/life11090880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX; Adricin) is an anthracycline antibiotic, which is an efficient anticancer chemotherapeutic agent that targets many types of adult and pediatric tumors, such as breast cancer, leukemia, and lymphomas. However, use of DOX is limited due to its cardiotoxic effects. This study sequentially investigated the mechanistic pathways of the cardiotoxic process of DOX in rats at different post-treatment periods using cumulative dose, which is used in therapeutic regimes. In this regard, 56 male albino rats were used for the experiment. The experimental animals were divided into seven groups (n = 8/group) based on dose and sacrifice schedule as follows: G1 (2 mg/kg body weight [BW] and sacrificed at day 4), G2 (4 mg/kg BW and sacrificed at day 8), G3 (6 mg/kg BW and sacrificed at day 15), G4 (8 mg/kg BW and sacrificed at day 30), G5 (10 mg/kg BW and sacrificed at day 60), G6 (10 mg/kg BW and sacrificed at day 90), and G7 (10 mg/kg BW and sacrificed at day 120). As expected, G1, G2, and G3-treated groups revealed features of acute toxic myocarditis associated with degenerative and necrotic changes in myocytes, mitochondrial damage, elevation of cardiac biomarkers, and depletion of cellular antioxidant enzymes. However, these changes increased in severity with subsequent treatment with the same dose until reaching a cumulative dose of 10 mg/kg BW for 30 d. Furthermore, after a cumulative dose of 10 mg/kg BW with a withdrawal period of 2–3 months, various predominant changes in chronicity were reported, such as disorganization and atrophy of myocytes, condensation and atrophy of mitochondria, degranulation of mast cells, and fibrosis with occasional focal necrosis, indicating incomplete elimination of DOX and/or its metabolites. Altogether, these data provide interesting observations associated with the cardiotoxic process of DOX in rats that would help understand the accompanying changes underlying the major toxic effects of the drug. Future research is suggested to explore more about the dose-dependent mechanisms of such induced toxicity of DOX that would help determine the proper doses and understand the resulting cardiomyopathy.
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