201
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King GT, Eaton KD, Beagle BR, Zopf CJ, Wong GY, Krupka HI, Hua SY, Messersmith WA, El-Khoueiry AB. A phase 1, dose-escalation study of PF-06664178, an anti-Trop-2/Aur0101 antibody-drug conjugate in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:836-847. [PMID: 29333575 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose and Methods Trop-2 is a glycoprotein over-expressed in many solid tumors but at low levels in normal human tissue, providing a potential therapeutic target. We conducted a phase 1 dose-finding study of PF-06664178, an antibody-drug conjugate that targets Trop-2 for the selective delivery of the cytotoxic payload Aur0101. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose and recommended phase 2 dose. Secondary objectives included further characterization of the safety profile, pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity. Eligible patients were enrolled and received multiple escalating doses of PF-06664178 in an open-label and unblinded manner based on a modified continual reassessment method. Results Thirty-one patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors were treated with escalating doses of PF-06664178 given intravenously every 21 days. Doses explored ranged from 0.15 mg/kg to 4.8 mg/kg. Seven patients experienced at least one dose limiting toxicity (DLT), either neutropenia or rash. Doses of 3.60 mg/kg, 4.2 mg/kg and 4.8 mg/kg were considered intolerable due to DLTs in skin rash, mucosa and neutropenia. Best overall response was stable disease in 11 patients (37.9%). None of the patients had a partial or complete response. Systemic exposure of PF-06664178 increased in a dose-related manner. Serum concentrations of free Aur0101 were substantially lower than those of PF-06664178 and total antibody. No correlation of Trop-2 expression and objective response was observed, although Trop-2 overexpression was not required for study entry. The intermediate dose of 2.4 mg/kg appeared to be the highest tolerated dose, but this was not fully explored as the study was terminated early due to excess toxicity. Conclusion PF-06664178 showed toxicity at high dose levels with modest antitumor activity. Neutropenia, skin rash and mucosal inflammation were dose limiting toxicities. Findings from this study may potentially aid in future antibody drug conjugate design and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentry T King
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Keith D Eaton
- University of Washington Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brandon R Beagle
- Pfizer Early Oncology Development and Clinical Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Zopf
- Pfizer Early Oncology Development and Clinical Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gilbert Y Wong
- Pfizer Early Oncology Development and Clinical Research, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heike I Krupka
- Pfizer Early Oncology Development and Clinical Research, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven Y Hua
- Pfizer Early Oncology Development and Clinical Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Anthony B El-Khoueiry
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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202
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Wagh A, Song H, Zeng M, Tao L, Das TK. Challenges and new frontiers in analytical characterization of antibody-drug conjugates. MAbs 2018; 10:222-243. [PMID: 29293399 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1412025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a growing class of biotherapeutics in which a potent small molecule is linked to an antibody. ADCs are highly complex and structurally heterogeneous, typically containing numerous product-related species. One of the most impactful steps in ADC development is the identification of critical quality attributes to determine product characteristics that may affect safety and efficacy. However, due to the additional complexity of ADCs relative to the parent antibodies, establishing a solid understanding of the major quality attributes and determining their criticality are a major undertaking in ADC development. Here, we review the development challenges, especially for reliable detection of quality attributes, citing literature and new data from our laboratories, highlight recent improvements in major analytical techniques for ADC characterization and control, and discuss newer techniques, such as two-dimensional liquid chromatography, that have potential to be included in analytical control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Wagh
- a Molecular & Analytical Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Jersey , USA
| | - Hangtian Song
- a Molecular & Analytical Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Jersey , USA
| | - Ming Zeng
- a Molecular & Analytical Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Jersey , USA
| | - Li Tao
- a Molecular & Analytical Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Jersey , USA
| | - Tapan K Das
- a Molecular & Analytical Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Jersey , USA
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203
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Enzyme-Based Labeling Strategies for Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Antibody Mimetics. Antibodies (Basel) 2018; 7:antib7010004. [PMID: 31544857 PMCID: PMC6698867 DOI: 10.3390/antib7010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Strategies for site-specific modification of proteins have increased in number, complexity, and specificity over the last years. Such modifications hold the promise to broaden the use of existing biopharmaceuticals or to tailor novel proteins for therapeutic or diagnostic applications. The recent quest for next-generation antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) sparked research into techniques with site selectivity. While purely chemical approaches often impede control of dosage or locus of derivatization, naturally occurring enzymes and proteins bear the ability of co- or post-translational protein modifications at particular residues, thus enabling unique coupling reactions or protein fusions. This review provides a general overview and focuses on chemo-enzymatic methods including enzymes such as formylglycine-generating enzyme, sortase, and transglutaminase. Applications for the conjugation of antibodies and antibody mimetics are reported.
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204
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Barfield RM, Rabuka D. Leveraging Formylglycine-Generating Enzyme for Production of Site-Specifically Modified Bioconjugates. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1728:3-16. [PMID: 29404988 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7574-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic modification of proteins can generate uniquely reactive chemical functionality, enabling site-specific reactions on the protein surface. Formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE) is one enzyme that can be exploited in this fashion. FGE binds its consensus sequence (CXPXR, known as the "aldehyde-tag") and converts the cysteine to a formylglycine (fGly). fGly-containing proteins contain a bioorthogonal aldehyde on their surface that can be modified selectively in the presence of the 20 canonical amino acids. Here, we describe protocols for the generation of a site-specifically modified protein, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), using aldehyde-tagging protocols and aldehyde-reactive conjugation chemistry.
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205
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Guffroy M, Falahatpisheh H, Finkelstein M. Improving the Safety Profile of ADCs. CANCER DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78154-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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206
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Hamblett KJ. HER2-Targeted ADCs: At the Forefront of ADC Technology Development. CANCER DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78154-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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207
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Thyparambil AA, Bazin I, Guiseppi-Elie A. Molecular Modeling and Simulation Tools in the Development of Peptide-Based Biosensors for Mycotoxin Detection: Example of Ochratoxin. Toxins (Basel) 2017. [PMCID: PMC5744115 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9120395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed is now ubiquitous. Exposures to mycotoxin via contact or ingestion can potentially induce adverse health outcomes. Affordable mycotoxin-monitoring systems are highly desired but are limited by (a) the reliance on technically challenging and costly molecular recognition by immuno-capture technologies; and (b) the lack of predictive tools for directing the optimization of alternative molecular recognition modalities. Our group has been exploring the development of ochratoxin detection and monitoring systems using the peptide NFO4 as the molecular recognition receptor in fluorescence, electrochemical and multimodal biosensors. Using ochratoxin as the model mycotoxin, we share our perspective on addressing the technical challenges involved in biosensor fabrication, namely: (a) peptide receptor design; and (b) performance evaluation. Subsequently, the scope and utility of molecular modeling and simulation (MMS) approaches to address the above challenges are described. Informed and enabled by phage display, the subsequent application of MMS approaches can rationally guide subsequent biomolecular engineering of peptide receptors, including bioconjugation and bioimmobilization approaches to be used in the fabrication of peptide biosensors. MMS approaches thus have the potential to reduce biosensor development cost, extend product life cycle, and facilitate multi-analyte detection of mycotoxins, each of which positively contributes to the overall affordability of mycotoxin biosensor monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aby A. Thyparambil
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ingrid Bazin
- Laboratoire de Génie de l’Environnement Industriel( LGEI), Institut Mines Telecom (IMT) Mines Ales, University of Montpellier, 30100 Ales, France;
| | - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- ABTECH Scientific, Inc., Biotechnology Research Park, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-458-1239; Fax: +1-979-458-8219
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208
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Neupane R, Bergquist J. Analytical techniques for the characterization of Antibody Drug Conjugates: Challenges and prospects. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2017; 23:417-426. [PMID: 29183195 DOI: 10.1177/1469066717733919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates are increasingly being researched for the treatment of cancer. Accurate and reliable characterization of ADCs is inevitable for their development as potential therapeutic agent. Different analytical techniques have been used in order to decipher heterogeneous nature of antibody drug conjugates, enabling successful characterization. This review will summarize specially three major analytical tools i.e. UV-Vis spectroscopy, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry used in characterization of antibody drug conjugates. In this review, major challenges during analysis due to the inherent features of analytical techniques and antibody drug conjugates are summarized along with the modifications intended to address each challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabin Neupane
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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209
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Abstract
The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) field is in a transitional period. Older approaches to conjugate composition and dosing regimens still dominate the ADC clinical pipeline, but preclinical work is driving a rapid evolution in how we strategize to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity towards better therapeutic outcomes. These advances are largely based upon a body of investigational studies that together offer a deeper understanding of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) fates of both the intact conjugate and its small-molecule component. Knowing where the drug goes and how it is processed allows mechanistic connections to be drawn with commonly observed clinical toxicities. The field is also starting to consider ADC interactions with the immune system and potential synergistic therapeutic opportunities therein. In an indication of future directions for the field, antibody conjugates bearing non-cytotoxic small-molecule payloads are being developed to reduce side effects associated with treatment of chronic diseases. ADCs are not a magic bullet to cure disease. However, they will increasingly become valuable therapeutic tools to improve patient outcomes across a variety of indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope M Drake
- Catalent Biologics, 5703 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - David Rabuka
- Catalent Biologics, 5703 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
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210
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Zhou Q. Site-Specific Antibody Conjugation for ADC and Beyond. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5040064. [PMID: 29120405 PMCID: PMC5744088 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have become a promising class of antitumor agents with four conjugates being approved by regulatory agencies for treating cancer patients. To improve the conventional conjugations that are currently applied to generate these heterogeneous products, various site-specific approaches have been developed. These methods couple cytotoxins or chemotherapeutic drugs to specifically defined sites in antibody molecules including cysteine, glutamine, unnatural amino acids, short peptide tags, and glycans. The ADCs produced showed high homogeneity, increased therapeutic index, and strong antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, there are recent trends in using these next generation technologies beyond the cytotoxin-conjugated ADC. These site-specific conjugations have been applied for the generation of many different immunoconjugates including bispecific Fab or small molecule–antibody conjugates, immunosuppressive antibodies, and antibody–antibiotic conjugates. Thus, it is likely that additional technologies and related site-specific conjugates will emerge in the near future, with various chemicals or small molecular weight proteins in addition to cytotoxin for better treatment of many challenging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Protein Engineering, Biologics Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA.
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211
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Rachel NM, Quaglia D, Lévesque É, Charette AB, Pelletier JN. Engineered, highly reactive substrates of microbial transglutaminase enable protein labeling within various secondary structure elements. Protein Sci 2017; 26:2268-2279. [PMID: 28857311 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) is a practical tool to enzymatically form isopeptide bonds between peptide or protein substrates. This natural approach to crosslinking the side-chains of reactive glutamine and lysine residues is solidly rooted in food and textile processing. More recently, MTG's tolerance for various primary amines in lieu of lysine have revealed its potential for site-specific protein labeling with aminated compounds, including fluorophores. Importantly, MTG can label glutamines at accessible positions in the body of a target protein, setting it apart from most labeling enzymes that react exclusively at protein termini. To expand its applicability as a labeling tool, we engineered the B1 domain of Protein G (GB1) to probe the selectivity and enhance the reactivity of MTG toward its glutamine substrate. We built a GB1 library where each variant contained a single glutamine at positions covering all secondary structure elements. The most reactive and selective variants displayed a >100-fold increase in incorporation of a recently developed aminated benzo[a]imidazo[2,1,5-cd]indolizine-type fluorophore, relative to native GB1. None of the variants were destabilized. Our results demonstrate that MTG can react readily with glutamines in α-helical, β-sheet, and unstructured loop elements and does not favor one type of secondary structure. Introducing point mutations within MTG's active site further increased reactivity toward the most reactive substrate variant, I6Q-GB1, enhancing MTG's capacity to fluorescently label an engineered, highly reactive glutamine substrate. This work demonstrates that MTG-reactive glutamines can be readily introduced into a protein domain for fluorescent labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Rachel
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.,PROTEO, the Québec Network for Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,CGCC, the Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Daniela Quaglia
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.,PROTEO, the Québec Network for Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,CGCC, the Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Éric Lévesque
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.,CGCC, the Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - André B Charette
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.,CGCC, the Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Joelle N Pelletier
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.,PROTEO, the Québec Network for Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,CGCC, the Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
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212
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A Versatile Chemo-Enzymatic Conjugation Approach Yields Homogeneous and Highly Potent Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112284. [PMID: 29088062 PMCID: PMC5713254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of antibodies can be successfully improved through targeted delivery of potent cytotoxic drugs in the form of antibody-drug conjugates. However, conventional conjugation strategies lead to heterogeneous conjugates with undefined stoichiometry and sites, even with considerable batch-to-batch variability. In this study, we have developed a chemo-enzymatic strategy by equipping the C-terminus of anti-CD20 ofatumumab with a click handle using Sortase A, followed by ligation of the payload based on a strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition to produce homogeneous conjugates. The resulting antibody-drug conjugates fully retained their antigen binding capability and proved to be internalized and trafficked to the lysosome, which released the payload with a favorable efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this reported method is a versatile tool with maximum flexibility for development of antibody-drug conjugates and protein modification.
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213
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Harnessing a catalytic lysine residue for the one-step preparation of homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1112. [PMID: 29062027 PMCID: PMC5653646 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Current strategies to produce homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) rely on mutations or inefficient conjugation chemistries. Here we present a strategy to produce site-specific ADCs using a highly reactive natural buried lysine embedded in a dual variable domain (DVD) format. This approach is mutation free and drug conjugation proceeds rapidly at neutral pH in a single step without removing any charges. The conjugation chemistry is highly robust, enabling the use of crude DVD for ADC preparation. In addition, this strategy affords the ability to precisely monitor the efficiency of drug conjugation with a catalytic assay. ADCs targeting HER2 were prepared and demonstrated to be highly potent and specific in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the modular DVD platform was used to prepare potent and specific ADCs targeting CD138 and CD79B, two clinically established targets overexpressed in multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, respectively. Current strategies for producing antibody-drug conjugates often rely on inefficient conjugation chemistry or on generating mutations in the antibody sequence. Here the authors demonstrate a mutation-free, single-step conjugation platform utilizing a buried lysine residue.
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214
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Vollmar BS, Wei B, Ohri R, Zhou J, He J, Yu SF, Leipold D, Cosino E, Yee S, Fourie-O'Donohue A, Li G, Phillips GL, Kozak KR, Kamath A, Xu K, Lee G, Lazar GA, Erickson HK. Attachment Site Cysteine Thiol pK a Is a Key Driver for Site-Dependent Stability of THIOMAB Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2538-2548. [PMID: 28885827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of cysteines into antibodies by mutagenesis allows for the direct conjugation of small molecules to specific sites on the antibody via disulfide bonds. The stability of the disulfide bond linkage between the small molecule and the antibody is highly dependent on the location of the engineered cysteine in either the heavy chain (HC) or the light chain (LC) of the antibody. Here, we explore the basis for this site-dependent stability. We evaluated the in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetics of five different cysteine mutants of trastuzumab conjugated to a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) via disulfide bonds. A significant correlation was observed between disulfide stability and efficacy for the conjugates. We hypothesized that the observed site-dependent stability of the disulfide-linked conjugates could be due to differences in the attachment site cysteine thiol pKa. We measured the cysteine thiol pKa using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and found that the variants with the highest thiol pKa (LC K149C and HC A140C) were found to yield the conjugates with the greatest in vivo stability. Guided by homology modeling, we identified several mutations adjacent to LC K149C that reduced the cysteine thiol pKa and, thus, decreased the in vivo stability of the disulfide-linked PBD conjugated to LC K149C. We also present results suggesting that the high thiol pKa of LC K149C is responsible for the sustained circulation stability of LC K149C TDCs utilizing a maleimide-based linker. Taken together, our results provide evidence that the site-dependent stability of cys-engineered antibody-drug conjugates may be explained by interactions between the engineered cysteine and the local protein environment that serves to modulate the side-chain thiol pKa. The influence of cysteine thiol pKa on stability and efficacy offers a new parameter for the optimization of ADCs that utilize cysteine engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna S Vollmar
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Binqing Wei
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rachana Ohri
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jianhui Zhou
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jintang He
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Douglas Leipold
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ely Cosino
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sharon Yee
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aimee Fourie-O'Donohue
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guangmin Li
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gail L Phillips
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Amrita Kamath
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Genee Lee
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Greg A Lazar
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hans K Erickson
- Genentech Incorporated , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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215
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Malik P, Phipps C, Edginton A, Blay J. Pharmacokinetic Considerations for Antibody-Drug Conjugates against Cancer. Pharm Res 2017; 34:2579-2595. [PMID: 28924691 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are ushering in the next era of targeted therapy against cancer. An ADC for cancer therapy consists of a potent cytotoxic payload that is attached to a tumour-targeted antibody by a chemical linker, usually with an average drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of 3.5-4. The theory is to deliver potent cytotoxic payloads directly to tumour cells while sparing healthy cells. However, practical application has proven to be more difficult. At present there are only two ADCs approved for clinical use. Nevertheless, in the last decade there has been an explosion of options for ADC engineering to optimize target selection, Fc receptor interactions, linker, payload and more. Evaluation of these strategies requires an understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of ADC pharmacokinetics. Development of ADCs for use in cancer further requires an understanding of tumour properties and kinetics within the tumour environment, and how the presence of cancer as a disease will impact distribution and elimination. Key pharmacokinetic considerations for the successful design and clinical application of ADCs in oncology are explored in this review, with a focus on the mechanistic determinants of distribution and elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Malik
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St South, Kitchener, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Colin Phipps
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St South, Kitchener, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada.,DMPK & Translational Modeling, Abbvie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Andrea Edginton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St South, Kitchener, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Blay
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria St South, Kitchener, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada
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216
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Biswas K, Nixey TE, Murray JK, Falsey JR, Yin L, Liu H, Gingras J, Hall BE, Herberich B, Holder JR, Li H, Ligutti J, Lin MHJ, Liu D, Soriano BD, Soto M, Tran L, Tegley CM, Zou A, Gunasekaran K, Moyer BD, Doherty L, Miranda LP. Engineering Antibody Reactivity for Efficient Derivatization to Generate Na V1.7 Inhibitory GpTx-1 Peptide-Antibody Conjugates. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2427-2435. [PMID: 28800217 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 is a genetically validated pain target under investigation for the development of analgesics. A therapeutic with a less frequent dosing regimen would be of value for treating chronic pain; however functional NaV1.7 targeting antibodies are not known. In this report, we describe NaV1.7 inhibitory peptide-antibody conjugates as an alternate construct for potential prolonged channel blockade through chemical derivatization of engineered antibodies. We previously identified NaV1.7 inhibitory peptide GpTx-1 from tarantula venom and optimized its potency and selectivity. Tethering GpTx-1 peptides to antibodies bifunctionally couples FcRn-based antibody recycling attributes to the NaV1.7 targeting function of the peptide warhead. Herein, we conjugated a GpTx-1 peptide to specific engineered cysteines in a carrier anti-2,4-dinitrophenol monoclonal antibody using polyethylene glycol linkers. The reactivity of 13 potential cysteine conjugation sites in the antibody scaffold was tuned using a model alkylating agent. Subsequent reactions with the peptide identified cysteine locations with the highest conversion to desired conjugates, which blocked NaV1.7 currents in whole cell electrophysiology. Variations in attachment site, linker, and peptide loading established design parameters for potency optimization. Antibody conjugation led to in vivo half-life extension by 130-fold relative to a nonconjugated GpTx-1 peptide and differential biodistribution to nerve fibers in wild-type but not NaV1.7 knockout mice. This study describes the optimization and application of antibody derivatization technology to functionally inhibit NaV1.7 in engineered and neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Biswas
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Thomas E. Nixey
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Justin K. Murray
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - James R. Falsey
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Li Yin
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hantao Liu
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jacinthe Gingras
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Brian E. Hall
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Brad Herberich
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jerry Ryan Holder
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hongyan Li
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Joseph Ligutti
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Min-Hwa Jasmine Lin
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Dong Liu
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Brian D. Soriano
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Marcus Soto
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Linh Tran
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Christopher M. Tegley
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Anrou Zou
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kannan Gunasekaran
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bryan D. Moyer
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Liz Doherty
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Les P. Miranda
- Therapeutic Discovery, ‡Neuroscience, and §Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
- Therapeutic Discovery, ⊥Neuroscience, and #Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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217
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Rachel NM, Toulouse JL, Pelletier JN. Transglutaminase-Catalyzed Bioconjugation Using One-Pot Metal-Free Bioorthogonal Chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2518-2523. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M. Rachel
- PROTEO, Québec Network for Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CGCC, Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jacynthe L. Toulouse
- PROTEO, Québec Network for Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- PROTEO, Québec Network for Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CGCC, Center in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
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218
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Spidel JL, Vaessen B, Albone EF, Cheng X, Verdi A, Kline JB. Site-Specific Conjugation to Native and Engineered Lysines in Human Immunoglobulins by Microbial Transglutaminase. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2471-2484. [PMID: 28820579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of microbial transglutaminase (MTG) to produce site-specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has thus far focused on the transamidation of engineered acyl donor glutamine residues in an antibody based on the hypothesis that the lower specificity of MTG for acyl acceptor lysines may result in the transamidation of multiple native lysine residues, thereby yielding heterogeneous products. We investigated the utilization of native IgG lysines as acyl acceptor sites for glutamine-based acyl donor substrates. Of the approximately 80 lysines in multiple recombinant IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), none were transamidated. Because recombinant mAbs lack the C-terminal Lys447 due to cleavage by carboxypeptidase B in the production cell host, we explored whether blocking the cleavage of Lys447 by the addition of a C-terminal amino acid could result in transamidation of Lys447 by a variety of acyl donor substrates. MTG efficiently transamidated Lys447 in the presence of any nonacidic, nonproline amino acid residue at position 448. Lysine scanning mutagenesis throughout the antibody further revealed several transamidation sites in both the heavy- and light-chain constant regions. Additionally, scanning mutagenesis of the hinge region in a Fab' fragment revealed sites of transamidation that were not reactive in the context of the full-length mAb. Here, we demonstrate the utility of single lysine substitutions and the C-terminal Lys447 for engineering efficient acyl acceptor sites suitable for site-specific conjugation to a range of glutamine-based acyl donor substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared L Spidel
- Morphotek Inc. , 210 Welsh Pool Road, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, United States
| | - Benjamin Vaessen
- Morphotek Inc. , 210 Welsh Pool Road, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, United States
| | - Earl F Albone
- Morphotek Inc. , 210 Welsh Pool Road, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, United States
| | - Xin Cheng
- Morphotek Inc. , 210 Welsh Pool Road, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, United States
| | - Arielle Verdi
- Morphotek Inc. , 210 Welsh Pool Road, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, United States
| | - J Bradford Kline
- Morphotek Inc. , 210 Welsh Pool Road, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, United States
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219
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220
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Thyparambil AA, Abramyan TM, Bazin I, Guiseppi-Elie A. Site of Tagging Influences the Ochratoxin Recognition by Peptide NFO4: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:2035-2044. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aby A. Thyparambil
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Tigran M. Abramyan
- Computational Biophysics & Molecular Design, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7363, United States
| | - Ingrid Bazin
- LGEI,
L’Ecole des Mines d’Ales, Institut Mines Telecom, University of Montpellier, 6 Avenue de Clavieres, 30319 Ales cedex, France
| | - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- LGEI,
L’Ecole des Mines d’Ales, Institut Mines Telecom, University of Montpellier, 6 Avenue de Clavieres, 30319 Ales cedex, France
- ABTECH Scientific, Inc., Biotechnology
Research Park, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
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221
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Sadowsky JD, Pillow TH, Chen J, Fan F, He C, Wang Y, Yan G, Yao H, Xu Z, Martin S, Zhang D, Chu P, dela Cruz-Chuh J, O’Donohue A, Li G, Del Rosario G, He J, Liu L, Ng C, Su D, Lewis Phillips GD, Kozak KR, Yu SF, Xu K, Leipold D, Wai J. Development of Efficient Chemistry to Generate Site-Specific Disulfide-Linked Protein– and Peptide–Payload Conjugates: Application to THIOMAB Antibody–Drug Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack D. Sadowsky
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H. Pillow
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jinhua Chen
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
| | - Fang Fan
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
| | - Changrong He
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
| | - Yanli Wang
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
| | - Gang Yan
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
| | - Hui Yao
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
| | - Zijin Xu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
| | - Shanique Martin
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Phillip Chu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Aimee O’Donohue
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guangmin Li
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Geoffrey Del Rosario
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jintang He
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Luna Liu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dian Su
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Katherine R. Kozak
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Douglas Leipold
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Wai
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, PR China
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222
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Lobocki M, Zakrzewska M, Szlachcic A, Krzyscik MA, Sokolowska-Wedzina A, Otlewski J. High-Yield Site-Specific Conjugation of Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 with Monomethylauristatin E via Cysteine Flanked by Basic Residues. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1850-1858. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Lobocki
- Department of Protein
Engineering,
Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Department of Protein
Engineering,
Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szlachcic
- Department of Protein
Engineering,
Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz A. Krzyscik
- Department of Protein
Engineering,
Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sokolowska-Wedzina
- Department of Protein
Engineering,
Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein
Engineering,
Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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223
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Milczek EM. Commercial Applications for Enzyme-Mediated Protein Conjugation: New Developments in Enzymatic Processes to Deliver Functionalized Proteins on the Commercial Scale. Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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224
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Grünewald J, Jin Y, Vance J, Read J, Wang X, Wan Y, Zhou H, Ou W, Klock HE, Peters EC, Uno T, Brock A, Geierstanger BH. Optimization of an Enzymatic Antibody-Drug Conjugation Approach Based on Coenzyme A Analogs. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1906-1915. [PMID: 28590752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphopantetheine transferases (PPTases) can be used to efficiently prepare site-specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) by enzymatically coupling coenzyme A (CoA)-linker payloads to 11-12 amino acid peptide substrates inserted into antibodies. Here, a two-step strategy is established wherein in a first step, CoA analogs with various bioorthogonal reactivities are enzymatically installed on the antibody for chemical conjugation with a cytotoxic payload in a second step. Because of the high structural similarity of these CoA analogs to the natural PPTase substrate CoA-SH, the first step proceeds very efficiently and enables the use of peptide tags as short as 6 amino acids compared to the 11-12 amino acids required for efficient one-step coupling of the payload molecule. Furthermore, two-step conjugation provides access to diverse linker chemistries and spacers of varying lengths. The potency of the ADCs was largely independent of linker architecture. In mice, proteolytic cleavage was observed for some C-terminally linked auristatin payloads. The in vivo stability of these ADCs was significantly improved by reduction of the linker length. In addition, linker stability was found to be modulated by attachment site, and this, together with linker length, provides an opportunity for maximizing ADC stability without sacrificing potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Grünewald
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yunho Jin
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Julie Vance
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jessica Read
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Xing Wang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yongqin Wan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Huanfang Zhou
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Weijia Ou
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Heath E Klock
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Eric C Peters
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tetsuo Uno
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ansgar Brock
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bernhard H Geierstanger
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF) , 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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225
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Yin G, Stephenson HT, Yang J, Li X, Armstrong SM, Heibeck TH, Tran C, Masikat MR, Zhou S, Stafford RL, Yam AY, Lee J, Steiner AR, Gill A, Penta K, Pollitt S, Baliga R, Murray CJ, Thanos CD, McEvoy LM, Sato AK, Hallam TJ. RF1 attenuation enables efficient non-natural amino acid incorporation for production of homogeneous antibody drug conjugates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3026. [PMID: 28596531 PMCID: PMC5465077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amber codon suppression for the insertion of non-natural amino acids (nnAAs) is limited by competition with release factor 1 (RF1). Here we describe the genome engineering of a RF1 mutant strain that enhances suppression efficiency during cell-free protein synthesis, without significantly impacting cell growth during biomass production. Specifically, an out membrane protease (OmpT) cleavage site was engineered into the switch loop of RF1, which enables its conditional inactivation during cell lysis. This facilitates extract production without additional processing steps, resulting in a scaleable extract production process. The RF1 mutant extract allows nnAA incorporation at previously intractable sites of an IgG1 and at multiple sites in the same polypeptide chain. Conjugation of cytotoxic agents to these nnAAs, yields homogeneous antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) that can be optimized for conjugation site, drug to antibody ratio (DAR) and linker-warheads designed for efficient tumor killing. This platform provides the means to generate therapeutic ADCs inaccessible by other methods that are efficient in their cytotoxin delivery to tumor with reduced dose-limiting toxicities and thus have the potential for better clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yin
- Sutro Biopharma Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | | | - Junhao Yang
- Sutro Biopharma Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Sutro Biopharma Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Cuong Tran
- Sutro Biopharma Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Sihong Zhou
- Sutro Biopharma Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Alice Y Yam
- Sutro Biopharma Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - John Lee
- Sutro Biopharma Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Avinash Gill
- Sutro Biopharma Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kalyani Penta
- Sutro Biopharma Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Sonia Pollitt
- Sutro Biopharma Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ramesh Baliga
- Sutro Biopharma Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | - Aaron K Sato
- Sutro Biopharma Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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226
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Spidel JL, Albone EF, Cheng X, Vaessen B, Jacob S, Milinichik AZ, Verdi A, Kline JB, Grasso L. Engineering humanized antibody framework sequences for optimal site-specific conjugation of cytotoxins. MAbs 2017; 9:907-915. [PMID: 28541812 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1330734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevailing techniques used to generate antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) involve random conjugation of the linker-drug to multiple lysines or cysteines in the antibody. Engineering natural and non-natural amino acids into an antibody has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to produce homogeneous ADC products with defined drug-to-antibody ratios. We recently reported an efficient residue-specific conjugation technology (RESPECT) where thiol-reactive payloads can be efficiently conjugated to a native unpaired cysteine in position 80 (C80) of rabbit light chains. Deimmunizing the rabbit variable domains through humanization is necessary to reduce the risk of anti-drug antibody responses in patients. However, we found that first-generation humanized RESPECT ADCs showed high levels of aggregation and low conjugation efficiency. We correlated these negative properties to the phenylalanine at position 83 present in most human variable kappa frameworks. When position 83 was substituted with selected amino acids, conjugation was restored and aggregation was reduced to levels similar to the chimeric ADC. This engineering strategy allows for development of second-generation humanized RESPECT ADCs with desirable biopharmaceutical properties.
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227
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Tumey LN, Li F, Rago B, Han X, Loganzo F, Musto S, Graziani EI, Puthenveetil S, Casavant J, Marquette K, Clark T, Bikker J, Bennett EM, Barletta F, Piche-Nicholas N, Tam A, O'Donnell CJ, Gerber HP, Tchistiakova L. Site Selection: a Case Study in the Identification of Optimal Cysteine Engineered Antibody Drug Conjugates. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:1123-1135. [PMID: 28439809 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As the antibody drug conjugate (ADC) community continues to shift towards site-specific conjugation technology, there is a growing need to understand how the site of conjugation impacts the biophysical and biological properties of an ADC. In order to address this need, we prepared a carefully selected series of engineered cysteine ADCs and proceeded to systematically evaluate their potency, stability, and PK exposure. The site of conjugation did not have a significant influence on the thermal stability and in vitro cytotoxicity of the ADCs. However, we demonstrate that the rate of cathepsin-mediated linker cleavage is heavily dependent upon site and is closely correlated with ADC hydrophobicity, thus confirming other recent reports of this phenomenon. Interestingly, conjugates with high rates of cathepsin-mediated linker cleavage did not exhibit decreased plasma stability. In fact, the major source of plasma instability was shown to be retro-Michael mediated deconjugation. This process is known to be impeded by succinimide hydrolysis, and thus, we undertook a series of mutational experiments demonstrating that basic residues located nearby the site of conjugation can be a significant driver of succinimide ring opening. Finally, we show that total antibody PK exposure in rat was loosely correlated with ADC hydrophobicity. It is our hope that these observations will help the ADC community to build "design rules" that will enable more efficient prosecution of next-generation ADC discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nathan Tumey
- Binghamton University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.O. Box 6000, Binghamton, New York, 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Fengping Li
- Biomedicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 06379, USA
| | - Brian Rago
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06379, USA
| | - Xiaogang Han
- PKDM, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, AMA 1, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - Frank Loganzo
- Oncology Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 401 N. Middletown Rd., Pearl River, New York, 10965, USA
| | - Sylvia Musto
- Oncology Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 401 N. Middletown Rd., Pearl River, New York, 10965, USA
| | - Edmund I Graziani
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06379, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Casavant
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06379, USA
| | | | - Tracey Clark
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06379, USA
| | - Jack Bikker
- International Flavors and Fragrances, 521 West 57th Street, New York, New York, 10019, USA
| | - Eric M Bennett
- Biomedicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 06379, USA
| | - Frank Barletta
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06379, USA
| | | | - Amy Tam
- Biomedicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 06379, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06379, USA
| | - Hans Peter Gerber
- Maverick Therapeutics, Inc, 3260 Bayshore Blvd, Brisbane, California, 94005, USA
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228
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Albone EF, Spidel JL, Cheng X, Park YC, Jacob S, Milinichik AZ, Vaessen B, Butler J, Kline JB, Grasso L. Generation of therapeutic immunoconjugates via Residue-Specific Conjugation Technology (RESPECT) utilizing a native cysteine in the light chain framework of Oryctolagus cuniculus. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:347-357. [PMID: 28394698 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1312232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The conjugation of toxins, dyes, peptides, or proteins to monoclonal antibodies is often performed via free thiol groups generated by either partial reduction methods or engineering free cysteine residues into the antibody sequence. Antibodies from the rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus have an additional intrachain disulfide bond, whereby the light chain variable kappa domain is bridged to the constant kappa region between cysteine residues at positions 80 and 171, respectively. Chimerization of rabbit antibodies with human constant domains allows for the generation of a free thiol group at the light chain position 80 (C80) that can be used for site-specific conjugation. An efficient process for the purification and simultaneous removal of cysteinylation at the C80 site was developed. The unpaired C80 was shown to be efficiently conjugated using several different maleimido-based ligands. REsidue SPEcific Conjugation Technology (RESPECT) antibody-drug conjugates prepared using rabbit-human chimeric anti-human mesothelin rabbit antibodies and maleimido-PEG2-auristatin conjugated to C80 were shown to be highly potent and specific in vitro and effective in vivo in reduction of tumor growth in a highly aggressive mesothelin-expressing xenograft tumor model.
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229
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Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Current Status of Marine-Derived Compounds as Warheads in Anti-Tumor Drug Candidates. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15040099. [PMID: 28353637 PMCID: PMC5408245 DOI: 10.3390/md15040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we have attempted to describe all of the antibody–drug conjugates using a marine-derived compound as the “warhead”, that are currently in clinical trials as listed in the current version of the NIH clinical trials database (clinicaltrials.gov). In searching this database, we used the beta-test version currently available, as it permitted more specific search parameters, since the regular version did not always find trials that had been completed in the past with some agents. We also added small discussion sections on candidates that are still at the preclinical stage, including a derivative of diazonamide that has an unusual interaction with tubulin (DZ-23840), which may also be a potential warhead in the future.
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230
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Beck A, Goetsch L, Dumontet C, Corvaïa N. Strategies and challenges for the next generation of antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:315-337. [PMID: 28303026 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1395] [Impact Index Per Article: 199.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one of the fastest growing classes of oncology therapeutics. After half a century of research, the approvals of brentuximab vedotin (in 2011) and trastuzumab emtansine (in 2013) have paved the way for ongoing clinical trials that are evaluating more than 60 further ADC candidates. The limited success of first-generation ADCs (developed in the early 2000s) informed strategies to bring second-generation ADCs to the market, which have higher levels of cytotoxic drug conjugation, lower levels of naked antibodies and more-stable linkers between the drug and the antibody. Furthermore, lessons learned during the past decade are now being used in the development of third-generation ADCs. In this Review, we discuss strategies to select the best target antigens as well as suitable cytotoxic drugs; the design of optimized linkers; the discovery of bioorthogonal conjugation chemistries; and toxicity issues. The selection and engineering of antibodies for site-specific drug conjugation, which will result in higher homogeneity and increased stability, as well as the quest for new conjugation chemistries and mechanisms of action, are priorities in ADC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Liliane Goetsch
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM, 1052/CNRS, 69000 Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Corvaïa
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint Julien en Genevois, France
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231
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Li X, Nelson CG, Nair RR, Hazlehurst L, Moroni T, Martinez-Acedo P, Nanna AR, Hymel D, Burke TR, Rader C. Stable and Potent Selenomab-Drug Conjugates. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:433-442.e6. [PMID: 28330604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenomabs are engineered monoclonal antibodies with one or more translationally incorporated selenocysteine residues. The unique reactivity of the selenol group of selenocysteine permits site-specific conjugation of drugs. Compared with other natural and unnatural amino acid and carbohydrate residues that have been used for the generation of site-specific antibody-drug conjugates, selenocysteine is particularly reactive, permitting fast, single-step, and efficient reactions under near physiological conditions. Using a tailored conjugation chemistry, we generated highly stable selenomab-drug conjugates and demonstrated their potency and selectivity in vitro and in vivo. These site-specific antibody-drug conjugates built on a selenocysteine interface revealed broad therapeutic utility in liquid and solid malignancy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Christopher G Nelson
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rajesh R Nair
- Molecular Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lori Hazlehurst
- Molecular Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Tina Moroni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Pablo Martinez-Acedo
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Alex R Nanna
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - David Hymel
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Terrence R Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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232
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Jhan SY, Huang LJ, Wang TF, Chou HH, Chen SH. Dimethyl Labeling Coupled with Mass Spectrometry for Topographical Characterization of Primary Amines on Monoclonal Antibodies. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4255-4263. [PMID: 28257187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific solvent accessibility of the primary amines (mainly lysine or the N-termini) on proteins is of great interest in many research areas because amines are an important functional group for protein conjugation. In this study, we coupled dimethyl labeling via reductive amination with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to fully characterize the solvent accessibility of lysine residues and the N-termini on human immunoglobulin G (IgG). Circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that dimethyl labeling did not alter the conformation of the native IgG molecule. Based on intact protein measurements, up to 28 (light chain) and 66 (heavy chain) dimethyl tags, covering all lysine residues and the N-termini, were sequentially incorporated into IgG molecules in 1000 s. All labeled sites were identified and quantified by a bottom-up proteomics approach. Some highly exposed hot-spots (for example, the N-termini of both the heavy and the light chains) and some buried sites (for example, K415 in the heavy chain and K39 in the light chain) were unambiguously revealed. This method was also used to characterize aggregation-induced structural changes in IgGs by increasing the temperature. Substantial changes in the labeling percentage of many lysine sites were observed, indicating a non-native aggregation triggered by thermal stress. Due to high labeling yields and the van der Waals surface of the labeling reagents being comparable to that of water, dimethyl labeling is a highly promising technique for probing the amine's surface topography of proteins. It can also be used as a complementary approach to other methods for resolving the higher-order structure of proteins by LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Yi Jhan
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University , No. 1 College Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University , No. 1 College Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Fan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University , No. 1 College Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ho-Hsuan Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University , No. 1 College Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University , No. 1 College Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan, Republic of China
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233
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Debie P, Van Quathem J, Hansen I, Bala G, Massa S, Devoogdt N, Xavier C, Hernot S. Effect of Dye and Conjugation Chemistry on the Biodistribution Profile of Near-Infrared-Labeled Nanobodies as Tracers for Image-Guided Surgery. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1145-1153. [PMID: 28245129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advances in optical imaging technologies have stimulated the development of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescently labeled targeted probes for use in image-guided surgery. As nanobodies have already proven to be excellent candidates for molecular imaging, we aimed in this project to design NIR-conjugated nanobodies targeting the tumor biomarker HER2 for future applications in this field and to evaluate the effect of dye and dye conjugation chemistry on their pharmacokinetics during development. IRDye800CW or IRdye680RD were conjugated either randomly (via lysines) or site-specifically (via C-terminal cysteine) to the anti-HER2 nanobody 2Rs15d. After verification of purity and functionality, the biodistribution and tumor targeting of the NIR-nanobodies were assessed in HER2-positive and -negative xenografted mice. Site-specifically IRDye800CW- and IRdye680RD-labeled 2Rs15d as well as randomly labeled 2Rs15d-IRDye680RD showed rapid tumor accumulation and low nonspecific uptake, resulting in high tumor-to-muscle ratios at early time points (respectively 6.6 ± 1.0, 3.4 ± 1.6, and 3.5 ± 0.9 for HER2-postive tumors at 3 h p.i., while <1.0 for HER2-negative tumors at 3 h p.i., p < 0.05). Contrarily, using the randomly labeled 2Rs15d-IRDye800CW, HER2-positive and -negative tumors could only be distinguished after 24 h due to high nonspecific signals. Moreover, both randomly labeled 2Rs15d nanobodies were not only cleared via the kidneys but also partially via the hepatobiliary route. In conclusion, near-infrared fluorescent labeling of nanobodies allows rapid, specific, and high contrast in vivo tumor imaging. Nevertheless, the fluorescent dye as well as the chosen conjugation strategy can affect the nanobodies' properties and consequently have a major impact on their pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan Debie
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jannah Van Quathem
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inge Hansen
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gezim Bala
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sam Massa
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Imunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catarina Xavier
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hernot
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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234
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Stefan N, Gébleux R, Waldmeier L, Hell T, Escher M, Wolter FI, Grawunder U, Beerli RR. Highly Potent, Anthracycline-based Antibody–Drug Conjugates Generated by Enzymatic, Site-specific Conjugation. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:879-892. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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235
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Lee MTW, Maruani A, Richards DA, Baker JR, Caddick S, Chudasama V. Enabling the controlled assembly of antibody conjugates with a loading of two modules without antibody engineering. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2056-2060. [PMID: 28451324 PMCID: PMC5399535 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03655d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of antibody conjugates with a loading of two modules is desirable for a host of reasons. Whilst certain antibody engineering approaches have been useful in the preparation of such constructs, a reliable method based on a native antibody scaffold without the use of enzymes or harsh oxidative conditions has hitherto not been achieved. The use of native antibodies has several advantages in terms of cost, practicality, accessibility, time and overall efficiency. Herein we present a novel, reliable method of furnishing antibody conjugates with a loading of two modules starting from a native antibody scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian T W Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
| | - Antoine Maruani
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
| | - Stephen Caddick
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)207 679 2077
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236
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Lai Y, Wang R, Chen X, Tang D, Hu Y, Cai J, Zhang Q, Hu H. Emerging trends and new developments in monoclonal antibodies: A scientometric analysis (1980-2016). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1-10. [PMID: 28301271 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1286433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to explore the intellectual landscape of the study of monoclonal antibody (mAb), mainly to identify thematic trends, landmark articles and emerging trends involving mAb. This work is based on 4 sets of bibliographic records retrieved from the Web of Science. The final data set, consisting of 7,385 bibliographic records, was combined from the 4 individual data sets. This study explores the document co-citation clusters of 7,385 bibliographic records to identify the origin of mAb and the hot research specialty of this domain by applying CiteSpace software. We examined the mAb evolution from 4 perspectives: (1) Clusters of cited references regarding mAb; (2) Cited authors as contributors to mAb research; (3) Institutions participating in mAb research; and (4) Cited journals regarding mAb. The technical development, drug development and clinical applications of mAbs were analyzed. Through data analysis, we have identified the new directions for the exploration of mAbs, interactions between mAb technologies and diseases, and evolving global collaboration among institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Lai
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao
| | - Ruibing Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao
| | - Xin Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao
| | - Daisheng Tang
- b School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing , China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao
| | - Jing Cai
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao
| | - Hao Hu
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao
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237
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DeVay RM, Delaria K, Zhu G, Holz C, Foletti D, Sutton J, Bolton G, Dushin R, Bee C, Pons J, Rajpal A, Liang H, Shelton D, Liu SH, Strop P. Improved Lysosomal Trafficking Can Modulate the Potency of Antibody Drug Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1102-1114. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. DeVay
- Rinat
Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kathy Delaria
- Rinat
Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guoyun Zhu
- Rinat
Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Charles Holz
- Rinat
Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Davide Foletti
- Rinat
Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Janette Sutton
- Rinat
Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gary Bolton
- Rinat
Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Russell Dushin
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christine Bee
- Rinat
Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jaume Pons
- Rinat
Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Arvind Rajpal
- Rinat
Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hong Liang
- Rinat
Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David Shelton
- Rinat
Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shu-Hui Liu
- Rinat
Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Pavel Strop
- Rinat
Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, South
San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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238
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Sang H, Lu G, Liu Y, Hu Q, Xing W, Cui D, Zhou F, Zhang J, Hao H, Wang G, Ye H. Conjugation site analysis of antibody-drug-conjugates (ADCs) by signature ion fingerprinting and normalized area quantitation approach using nano-liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 955:67-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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239
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Bauerschlag D, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Maass N, Bleilevens A, Bräutigam K, Al Rawashdeh W, Di Fiore S, Haugg AM, Gremse F, Steitz J, Fischer R, Stickeler E, Barth S, Hussain AF. Detection and Specific Elimination of EGFR + Ovarian Cancer Cells Using a Near Infrared Photoimmunotheranostic Approach. Pharm Res 2017; 34:696-703. [PMID: 28074431 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted theranostics is an alternative strategy in cancer management that aims to improve cancer detection and treatment simultaneously. This approach combines potent therapeutic and diagnostic agents with the specificity of different cell receptor ligands in one product. The success of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) in clinical practice has encouraged the development of antibody theranostics conjugates (ATCs). However, the generation of homogeneous and pharmaceutically-acceptable ATCs remains a major challenge. The aim of this study is to detect and eliminate ovarian cancer cells on-demand using an ATC directed to EGFR. METHODS An ATC with a defined drug-to-antibody ratio was generated by the site-directed conjugation of IRDye®700 to a self-labeling protein (SNAP-tag) fused to an EGFR-specific antibody fragment (scFv-425). RESULTS In vitro and ex vivo imaging showed that the ATC based on scFv-425 is suitable for the highly specific detection of EGFR+ ovarian cancer cell, human tissues and ascites samples. The construct was also able to eliminate EGFR+ cells and human ascites cells with IC50 values of 45-66 nM and 40-90 nM, respectively. CONCLUSION Our experiments provide a framework to create a versatile technology platform for the development of ATCs for precise detection and treatment of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Maass
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Bleilevens
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karen Bräutigam
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wa'el Al Rawashdeh
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefano Di Fiore
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anke Maria Haugg
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Steitz
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Ahmad Fawzi Hussain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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240
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Nunes JPM, Vassileva V, Robinson E, Morais M, Smith MEB, Pedley RB, Caddick S, Baker JR, Chudasama V. Use of a next generation maleimide in combination with THIOMAB™ antibody technology delivers a highly stable, potent and near homogeneous THIOMAB™ antibody-drug conjugate (TDC). RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04606e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of next generation maleimides to engineered cysteines in a THIOMAB™ antibody delivers a highly stable and potent THIOMAB™ antibody-drug conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James R. Baker
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
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241
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Anami Y, Xiong W, Gui X, Deng M, Zhang CC, Zhang N, An Z, Tsuchikama K. Enzymatic conjugation using branched linkers for constructing homogeneous antibody–drug conjugates with high potency. Org Biomol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient enzymatic method using branched linkers was developed for the construction of potent homogeneous antibody–drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Anami
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
| | - Wei Xiong
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
| | - Xun Gui
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
| | - Mi Deng
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
- 6001 Forest Park Road
- Dallas
- USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
- 6001 Forest Park Road
- Dallas
- USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
| | - Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- 1881 East Road
- Houston
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242
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Enzyme-Based Strategies to Generate Site-Specifically Conjugated Antibody Drug Conjugates. NEXT GENERATION ANTIBODY DRUG CONJUGATES (ADCS) AND IMMUNOTOXINS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46877-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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243
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Siegmund V, Piater B, Zakeri B, Eichhorn T, Fischer F, Deutsch C, Becker S, Toleikis L, Hock B, Betz UAK, Kolmar H. Spontaneous Isopeptide Bond Formation as a Powerful Tool for Engineering Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39291. [PMID: 27982100 PMCID: PMC5159917 DOI: 10.1038/srep39291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous isopeptide bond formation, a stabilizing posttranslational modification that can be found in gram-positive bacterial cell surface proteins, has previously been used to develop a peptide-peptide ligation technology that enables the polymerization of tagged-proteins catalyzed by SpyLigase. Here we adapted this technology to establish a novel modular antibody labeling approach which is based on isopeptide bond formation between two recognition peptides, SpyTag and KTag. Our labeling strategy allows the attachment of a reporting cargo of interest to an antibody scaffold by fusing it chemically to KTag, available via semi-automated solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), while equipping the antibody with SpyTag. This strategy was successfully used to engineer site-specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that exhibit cytotoxicities in the subnanomolar range. Our approach may lead to a new class of antibody conjugates based on peptide-tags that have minimal effects on protein structure and function, thus expanding the toolbox of site-specific antibody conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Siegmund
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Birgit Piater
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bijan Zakeri
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Thomas Eichhorn
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Frank Fischer
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carl Deutsch
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lars Toleikis
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Björn Hock
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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244
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Adumeau P, Sharma SK, Brent C, Zeglis BM. Site-Specifically Labeled Immunoconjugates for Molecular Imaging--Part 2: Peptide Tags and Unnatural Amino Acids. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:153-65. [PMID: 26754791 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging using radioisotope- or fluorophore-labeled antibodies is increasingly becoming a critical component of modern precision medicine. Yet despite this promise, the vast majority of these immunoconjugates are synthesized via the random coupling of amine-reactive bifunctional probes to lysines within the antibody, a process that can result in heterogeneous and poorly defined constructs with suboptimal pharmacological properties. In an effort to circumvent these issues, the last 5 years have played witness to a great deal of research focused on the creation of effective strategies for the site-specific attachment of payloads to antibodies. These chemoselective modification methods yield immunoconjugates that are more homogenous and better defined than constructs created using traditional synthetic approaches. Moreover, site-specifically labeled immunoconjugates have also been shown to exhibit superior in vivo behavior compared to their randomly modified cousins. The over-arching goal of this two-part review is to provide a broad yet detailed account of the various site-specific bioconjugation approaches that have been used to create immunoconjugates for positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and fluorescence imaging. In Part 1, we covered site-specific bioconjugation techniques based on the modification of cysteine residues and the chemoenzymatic manipulation of glycans. In Part 2, we will detail two families of bioconjugation approaches that leverage biochemical tools to achieve site-specificity. First, we will discuss modification methods that employ peptide tags either as sites for enzyme-catalyzed ligations or as radiometal coordination architectures. And second, we will examine bioconjugation strategies predicated on the incorporation of unnatural or non-canonical amino acids into antibodies via genetic engineering. Finally, we will compare the advantages and disadvantages of the modification strategies covered in both parts of the review and offer a brief discussion of the overall direction of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Adumeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Sai Kiran Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Colleen Brent
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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245
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Howard D, Garcia-Parra J, Healey GD, Amakiri C, Margarit L, Francis LW, Gonzalez D, Conlan RS. Antibody-drug conjugates and other nanomedicines: the frontier of gynaecological cancer treatment. Interface Focus 2016; 6:20160054. [PMID: 27920893 PMCID: PMC5071815 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2016.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynaecological cancers: malignancies of the cervix, uterus, ovaries, vagina and vulva, are responsible for over 1.1 million new cancer cases and almost half a million deaths annually. Ovarian cancer in particular is difficult to treat due to often being diagnosed at a late stage, and the incidence of uterine and vulvar malignancies are both on the rise. The field of nanomedicine is beginning to introduce drugs into the clinic for oncological applications exemplified by the liposomal drugs, Doxil and Myocet, the nanoparticle, Abraxane and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), Kadcyla and Adcetris. With many more agents currently undergoing clinical trials, the field of nanomedicine promises to have a significant impact on cancer therapy. This review considers the state of the art for nanomedicines currently on the market and those being clinically evaluated for the treatment of gynaecological cancers. In particular, it focuses on ADCs and presents a methodology for their rational design and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Howard
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | | | | | | | - Lavinia Margarit
- Abertawe Bro Morannwg University Health Board, Obstetrics & Gynecology Department Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend, CF31 1RQ, UK
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246
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Su D, Ng C, Khosraviani M, Yu SF, Cosino E, Kaur S, Xu K. Custom-Designed Affinity Capture LC-MS F(ab′)2 Assay for Biotransformation Assessment of Site-Specific Antibody Drug Conjugates. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11340-11346. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Su
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ely Cosino
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Surinder Kaur
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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247
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Tumey LN, Leverett CA, Vetelino B, Li F, Rago B, Han X, Loganzo F, Musto S, Bai G, Sukuru SCK, Graziani EI, Puthenveetil S, Casavant J, Ratnayake A, Marquette K, Hudson S, Doppalapudi VR, Stock J, Tchistiakova L, Bessire AJ, Clark T, Lucas J, Hosselet C, O’Donnell CJ, Subramanyam C. Optimization of Tubulysin Antibody-Drug Conjugates: A Case Study in Addressing ADC Metabolism. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:977-982. [PMID: 27882194 PMCID: PMC5108037 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of our efforts to develop new classes of tubulin inhibitor payloads for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) programs, we developed a tubulysin ADC that demonstrated excellent in vitro activity but suffered from rapid metabolism of a critical acetate ester. A two-pronged strategy was employed to address this metabolism. First, the hydrolytically labile ester was replaced by a carbamate functional group resulting in a more stable ADC that retained potency in cellular assays. Second, site-specific conjugation was employed in order to design ADCs with reduced metabolic liabilities. Using the later approach, we were able to identify a conjugate at the 334C position of the heavy chain that resulted in an ADC with considerably reduced metabolism and improved efficacy. The examples discussed herein provide one of the clearest demonstrations to-date that site of conjugation can play a critical role in addressing metabolic and PK liabilities of an ADC. Moreover, a clear correlation was identified between the hydrophobicity of an ADC and its susceptibility to metabolic enzymes. Importantly, this study demonstrates that traditional medicinal chemistry strategies can be effectively applied to ADC programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Nathan Tumey
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Carolyn A. Leverett
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Beth Vetelino
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Fengping Li
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Brian Rago
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Xiaogang Han
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Frank Loganzo
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Sylvia Musto
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Guoyun Bai
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | | | - Edmund I. Graziani
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Sujiet Puthenveetil
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Jeffrey Casavant
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Anokha Ratnayake
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Kimberly Marquette
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Sarah Hudson
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | | | - Joseph Stock
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | | | - Andrew J. Bessire
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Tracey Clark
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Judy Lucas
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
| | - Christine Hosselet
- Pfizer, Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06379, United States
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248
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Kudirka RA, Barfield RM, McFarland JM, Drake PM, Carlson A, Bañas S, Zmolek W, Garofalo AW, Rabuka D. Site-Specific Tandem Knoevenagel Condensation-Michael Addition To Generate Antibody-Drug Conjugates. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:994-998. [PMID: 27882197 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanded ligation techniques are sorely needed to generate unique linkages for the growing field of functionally enhanced proteins. To address this need, we present a unique chemical ligation that involves the double addition of a pyrazolone moiety with an aldehyde-labeled protein. This ligation occurs via a tandem Knoevenagel condensation-Michael addition. A pyrazolone reacts with an aldehyde to generate an enone, which undergoes subsequent attack by a second pyrazolone to generate a bis-pyrazolone species. This rapid and facile ligation technique is performed under mild conditions in the absence of catalyst to generate new architectures that were previously inaccessible via conventional ligation reactions. Using this unique ligation, we generated three site-specifically labeled antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with an average of four drugs to one antibody. The in vitro and in vivo efficacies along with pharmacokinetic data of the site-specific ADCs are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romas A. Kudirka
- Catalent Biologics West, 5703
Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94530, United States
| | - Robyn M. Barfield
- Catalent Biologics West, 5703
Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94530, United States
| | - Jesse M. McFarland
- Catalent Biologics West, 5703
Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94530, United States
| | - Penelope M. Drake
- Catalent Biologics West, 5703
Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94530, United States
| | - Adam Carlson
- Catalent Biologics West, 5703
Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94530, United States
| | - Stefanie Bañas
- Catalent Biologics West, 5703
Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94530, United States
| | - Wes Zmolek
- Catalent Biologics West, 5703
Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94530, United States
| | - Albert W. Garofalo
- Catalent Biologics West, 5703
Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94530, United States
| | - David Rabuka
- Catalent Biologics West, 5703
Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94530, United States
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249
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Hu QY, Berti F, Adamo R. Towards the next generation of biomedicines by site-selective conjugation. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1691-719. [PMID: 26796469 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00388h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugates represent an emerging class of medicines, which offer therapeutic opportunities overtaking those of the individual components. Many novel bioconjugates have been explored in order to address various emerging medical needs. The last decade has witnessed the exponential growth of new site-selective bioconjugation techniques, however very few methods have made the way into human clinical trials. Here we discuss various applications of site-selective conjugation in biomedicines, including half-life extension, antibody-drug conjugates, conjugate vaccines, bispecific antibodies and cell therapy. The review is intended to highlight both the progress and challenges, and identify a potential roadmap to address the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ying Hu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Francesco Berti
- GSK Vaccines (former Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Roberto Adamo
- GSK Vaccines (former Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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250
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Antibody-drug conjugates: Current status and future perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:48-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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