201
|
Hamidi AA, Khalili-Tanha G, Nasrpour Navaei Z, Moghbeli M. Long non-coding RNAs as the critical regulators of epithelial mesenchymal transition in colorectal tumor cells: an overview. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:71. [PMID: 35144601 PMCID: PMC8832734 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer mortality and a major health challenge worldwide. Despite advances in therapeutic and diagnostic methods, there is still a poor prognosis in CRC patients. Tumor recurrence and metastasis are the main causes of high mortality rate in these patients, which are due to late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is known to be the most important cause of CRC metastasis, during which tumor cells obtain metastasis ability by losing epithelial features and gaining mesenchymal features. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal regulators of EMT process. Regarding the higher stability of lncRNAs compared with coding RNAs in body fluids, they can be used as non-invasive diagnostic markers for EMT process. In the present review, we summarized all of the lncRNAs involved in regulation of EMT process during CRC progression and metastasis. It was observed that lncRNAs mainly induced the EMT process in CRC cells by regulation of EMT-related transcription factors, Poly comb repressive complex (PRC), and also signaling pathways such as WNT, NOTCH, MAPK, and Hippo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Hamidi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Nasrpour Navaei
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Shao N, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Wang S, Bao S. Modified Sijunzi Decoction Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Attenuating AKT/GSK3β Pathway in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:821567. [PMID: 35111070 PMCID: PMC8802809 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.821567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified Sijunzi Decoction (MSJZD) is an empirical prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and has been corroborated to be effective in multiple human diseases, but its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is enigmatic. Here we mainly analyze the function and mechanism of MSJZD in NSCLC. In this study, we used a method that coupled ultra-performance liquid chromatography to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to investigate the major constituents in MSJZD with positive and negative ion modes. Additionally, in in vitro experiments, the effects of serum-containing MSJZD on the biological behavior of NSCLC cells induced by TGF-β1 were assessed by cell function experiments. Then, the influences of serum-containing MSJZD on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers were examined by immunofluorescence and western blot assays. Also, the AKT/GSK3β pathway and apoptosis-related markers were estimated by western blotting. Tumor xenografts were generated by subcutaneously injecting A549 cells into BALB/c nude mice to determine the effects of MSJZD in vivo. We first analyzed the composition of MSJZD. In positive ion mode, 47 kinds of components were identified. In negative ion mode, 45 kinds of components were identified. We also found that TGF-β1 contributed to inducing cell morphological changes and EMT progression. In vitro, surprisingly, cell proliferation, migration as well as invasion in NSCLC cells induced by TGF-β1, could be weakened by serum-containing MSJZD, and apoptosis was intensified. Moreover, serum-containing MSJZD weakened EMT passage and AKT/GSK3β pathway activation and induced apoptosis-related markers in NSCLC cells triggered by TGF-β1. In vivo, we discovered that MSJZD attenuated the tumor growth, promoted histopathological damage, and induced apoptosis in A549 tumor-bearing mice. Importantly, MSJZD has also restrained the development of EMT, AKT/GSK3β pathway, and TGF-β1 expression levels in nude mice. These findings demonstrated that MSJZD significantly weakened NSCLC progression by modulating EMT and AKT/GSK3β pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niu Shao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Zhu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suzhen Bao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Alsafadi DB, Abdullah MS, Bawadi R, Ahram M. The Association of RGS2 and Slug in the Androgen-induced Acquisition of Mesenchymal Features of Breast MDA-MB-453 Cancer Cells. Endocr Res 2022; 47:64-79. [PMID: 35168462 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2022.2036752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells is a prerequisite to cancer cell invasion and metastasis. This process involves a network of molecular alterations. Androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in the biology of breast cancers, particularly those dependent on AR expression like luminal AR (LAR) breast cancer subtype. We have recently reported that the AR agonist, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), induces a mesenchymal transition of MDA-MB-453 cells, concomitant with transcriptional up-regulation of Slug and regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2). OBJECTIVE The role of Slug and RGS2 in mediating the DHT-induced effects in these cells was investigated. METHODS MDA-MB-453 cells were used as a model system of LAR breast cancer. Immunofluorescence was used to examine cell morphology and protein localization. Protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting. Protein localization was confirmed by cell fractionation followed by immunoblotting. Protein-protein interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting. Transwell membranes were used to assess cell migration. Transfection of cells with siRNA molecules that target Slug and RGS2 mRNA was utilized to delineate the modes of action of these two molecules. RESULTS Treatment of MDA-MB-453 cells with DHT induced the expression of both proteins. In addition, AR-Slug, AR-RGS2, and Slug-RGS2 interactions were observed shortly after AR activation. Knocking down Slug abrogated the basal, but not the DHT-induced, cell migration and blocked DHT-induced mesenchymal transition. On the other hand, RGS2 knocked-down cells had an increased level of Slug protein and assumed mesenchymal cell morphology with induced migration, and the addition of DHT further elongated cell morphology and stimulated their migration. Inhibition of AR or β-catenin reverted the RGS2 knocked-down cells to the epithelial phenotype, but only inhibition of AR blocked their DHT-induced migration. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the involvement of RGS2 and Slug in a complex molecular network regulating the DHT-induced mesenchymal features in MDA-MB-453 cells. The study may offer a better understanding of the biological role of AR in breast cancer toward devising AR-based therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana B Alsafadi
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad S Abdullah
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Randa Bawadi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mamoun Ahram
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Wu L, Zhao X, Ma H, Zhang L, Li X. Discoidin Domain Receptor 1, a Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2037-2044. [PMID: 35237068 PMCID: PMC8882470 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s348110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still one of the most lethal human cancers in the world due to its high degree of malignancy, easy invasion and metastasis, poor therapeutic effect and poor prognosis. Nowadays, there is no very effective diagnosis and treatment method. It is crucial to elucidate the underlying pathogenesis and mechanisms of HCC for developing new and effective diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and therapies. Discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) belong to the family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and are recognized as playing central regulatory roles in a variety of high incidence human diseases, including tumors. DDRs have two members, DDR1 and DDR2. The role of DDR1 in several tumors has been extensively studied, and many researchers have identified it as a powerful candidate target for the development of functional and effective tumor treatment inhibitors. However, its role and mechanism in HCC are ill defined. In this article, we review the advanced insights into the progression of DDR1 in HCC, particularly the ligands and mechanisms in invasion and metastasis, which may open new avenues for the therapeutic utility of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaoan Li, Department of Gastroenterology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 12 Changjia Lane, Jingzhong Street, Fucheng District, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 816 224 3593 Email
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Vimentin: Regulation and pathogenesis. Biochimie 2022; 197:96-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
206
|
Glogauer J, Blay J. Cannabinoids, their cellular receptors, and effects on the invasive phenotype of carcinoma and metastasis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1475. [PMID: 34313032 PMCID: PMC8842690 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The morbidity and mortality of cancer are significantly impacted by the invasive and metastatic potential of particular subgroups of malignant cells within a tumor. The particular pre-metastatic properties of cancerous cells are thus a critical target for novel therapeutics in the oncology field. Cannabinoid molecules have been investigated in recent years in the context of invasion and metastasis of various malignancies, with varying effects reported in the literature. RECENT FINDINGS There was substantial variability in the findings reported by the literature of the effects of cannabinoid molecules on cancer cell invasion and metastasis. These effects varied depending on which ligand and which of the CB1, CB2, or GPR55 receptors were investigated. These findings suggest a role for the phenomenon of biased signaling in explaining the diversity of effects of cannabinoid molecules on cancer cell invasion. CONCLUSION While substantially more investigation is required into the effects of cannabinoid molecules on cancer cell invasion and metastasis, we describe in this review the significant diversity in the responses of cancer cells to cannabinoid molecules in terms of their invasive and metastatic capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judah Glogauer
- Michael G. DeGroote School of MedicineMcMaster University Waterloo Regional CampusKitchenerOntarioCanada
| | - Jonathan Blay
- School of PharmacyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada
- Department of PathologyDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Kisoda S, Mouri Y, Kitamura N, Yamamoto T, Miyoshi K, Kudo Y. The role of partial-EMT in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Biosci 2022; 64:176-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
208
|
Buyuk B, Jin S, Ye K. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Signaling Pathways Responsible for Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cell Mol Bioeng 2022; 15:1-13. [PMID: 35096183 PMCID: PMC8761190 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast carcinoma is highly metastatic and invasive. Tumor metastasis is a convoluted and multistep process involving tumor cell disseminating from their primary site and migrating to the secondary organ. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the crucial steps that initiate cell progression, invasion, and metastasis. During EMT, epithelial cells alter their molecular features and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. The regulation of EMT is centered by several signaling pathways, including primary mediators TGF-β, Notch, Wnt, TNF-α, Hedgehog, and RTKs. It is also affected by hypoxia and microRNAs (miRNAs). All these pathways are the convergence on the transcriptional factors such as Snail, Slug, Twist, and ZEB1/2. In addition, a line of evidence suggested that EMT and cancer stem like cells (CSCs) are associated. EMT associated cancer stem cells display mesenchymal phenotypes and resist to chemotherapy or targeted therapy. In this review, we highlighted recent discoveries in these signaling pathways and their regulation in breast cancer metastasis and invasion. While the clinical relevance of EMT and breast cancers remains controversial, we speculated a convergent signaling network pivotal to elucidating the transition of epithelial to mesenchymal phenotypes and onset of metastasis of breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Busra Buyuk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA
| | - Kaiming Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Watson College of Engineering and Applied Science, Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), PO Box 6000, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Cevatemre B, Ulukaya E, Dere E, Dilege S, Acilan C. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Contributes to Drug Resistance of Lung Cancer Cells Through Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:738916. [PMID: 35083212 PMCID: PMC8785343 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.738916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest on the role of mitochondria in metastatic cascade. Several reports have shown the preferential utilization of glycolytic pathway instead of mitochondrial respiration for energy production and the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) has been considered to be a contributor to this switch in some cancers. Since epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is proposed to be one of the significant mediators of metastasis, the molecular connections between cancer cell metabolism and EMT may reveal underlying mechanisms and improve our understanding on metastasis. In order to explore a potential role for PDH inhibition on EMT and associated drug resistance, we took both pharmacological and genetic approaches, and selectively inhibited or knocked down PDHA1 by using Cpi613 and shPDHA1, respectively. We found that both approaches triggered morphological changes and characteristics of EMT (increase in mesenchymal markers). This change was accompanied by enhanced wound healing and an increase in migration. Interestingly, cells were more resistant to many of the clinically used chemotherapeutics following PDH inhibition or PDHA1 knockdown. Furthermore, the TGFβRI (known as a major inducer of the EMT) inhibitor (SB-431542) together with the PDHi, was effective in reversing EMT. In conclusion, interfering with PDH induced EMT, and more importantly resulted in chemoresistance. Therefore, our study demonstrates the need for careful consideration of PDH-targeting approaches in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buse Cevatemre
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Biology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Istinye University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Egemen Dere
- Department of Biology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sukru Dilege
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Acilan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.,School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Xiang Z, He Q, Huang L, Xiong B, Xiang Q. Breast Cancer Classification Based on Tumor Budding and Stem Cell-Related Signatures Facilitate Prognosis Evaluation. Front Oncol 2022; 11:818869. [PMID: 35083162 PMCID: PMC8784696 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.818869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor budding (TB) is emerging as a prognostic factor in multiple cancers. Likewise, the stemness of cancer cells also plays a vital role in cancer progression. However, nearly no research has focused on the interaction of TB and tumor stemness in cancer. Methods Tissue microarrays including 229 cases of invasive breast cancer (BC) were established and subjected to pan-cytokeratin immunohistochemical staining to evaluate molecular expression. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to identify prognostic factors of BC, and the Chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical variables. Results High-grade TB was significantly associated with T stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and poor disease-free survival (DFS) of BC patients. We also found that the prognostic value of TB varied widely among different subtypes and subgroups. Cox regression analysis then showed that TB grade was an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, cancer stem cell (CSC) markers CD44 and ALDH1A1 were significantly higher in high-grade TB tumors. Consequently, patients were classified into high CSC score subgroup and low CSC score subgroups. Further research found that CSC scores correlated with clinicopathological features and DFS of BC patients. Based on TB grade and CSC scores, we classified BC patients into TBlow-CSCslow (type I), TBlow-CSCshigh (type II), TBhigh-CSCslow (type III), and TBhigh-CSCshigh (type IV) subgroups. Survival analysis showed that patients in the type I subgroup had the best DFS, whereas those in the type IV subgroup had the worst DFS. Finally, a TB-CSC-based nomogram for use in BC was established. The nomogram was well calibrated to predict the probability of 5-year DFS, and the C-index was 0.837. Finally, the area under the curve value for the nomogram (0.892) was higher than that of the TNM staging system (0.713). Conclusion The combination of TB grade with CSC score improves the prognostic evaluation of BC patients. A novel nomogram containing TB grade and CSC score provides doctors with a candidate tool to guide the individualized treatment of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxian Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuming He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors & Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Interaction between avian leukosis virus subgroup J surface protein and doublecortin-like kinase 1 accelerates cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Virol 2022; 96:e0165721. [PMID: 35080427 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01657-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) induces myelocytomas, which can metastasize to multiple organs in diseased chicken. Although metastasis is the primary cause of death in such cases, the mechanism for it remains unclear. Here, we found that interaction between ALV-J surface protein (SU) and doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell proliferation. We found that ALV-J can activate EMT in infected cells. Subsequently, proteomics analysis revealed that DCLK1, a well-established putative tumor stem cell marker, which is highly expressed in ALV-J-infected DF-1 cells and chickens, might be a potential factor mediating EMT. Furthermore, using immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, we verified that SU interacts with DCLK1. Functional studies suggested that overexpression of DCLK1 increased viral replication, and promoted cell proliferation by accelerating the progression of cells from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase of cell cycle, whereas RNA-interference of DCLK1 reduced viral replication and arrested cell proliferation by retarding cell cycle progression from the late G1 phase into the S phase in ALV-J-infected cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that the increased accumulation of DCLK1 promotes EMT by increasing the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, MMP2, transcription factor Snail1, and decreasing the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin. These results suggest that ALV-J SU interacts with DCLK1, and accelerates cell proliferation, leading to increased viral replication, and ultimately activating EMT, which paves the way for tumor metastasis. IMPORTANCE Tumor metastasis is a major challenge in cancer research, because of its systemic nature and the resistance of disseminated tumor cells to existing therapeutic agents. It is estimated that >90% of mortality from cancer is attributable to metastases. We found that ALV-J can activate EMT, which plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. Subsequently, we identified a tumor stem cell marker, DCLK1, in ALV-J infected cells, which interacts with surface protein (SU) of ALV-J to promote virus replication, activate EMT, and accelerate cell proliferation enabling ALV-J to obtain metastatic ability. Understanding the process of participation of ALV-J in EMT and the route of metastasis will help elucidate the mechanism of virus-induced tumor metastasis, and help identify promising molecular targets and key obstacles for ALV-J control and clinical technology development.
Collapse
|
212
|
Shi Y, Li Z, Zhou Z, Liao S, Wu Z, Li J, Yin J, Wang M, Weng M. Identification and validation of an epithelial mesenchymal transition-related gene pairs signature for prediction of overall survival in patients with skin cutaneous melanoma. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12646. [PMID: 35116193 PMCID: PMC8785661 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to construct a novel epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene pairs (ERGPs) signature to predict overall survival (OS) in skin cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients. METHODS Expression data of the relevant genes, corresponding clinicopathological parameters, and follow-up data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Univariate Cox regression analysis was utilized to identify ERGPs significantly associated with OS, and LASSO analysis was used to identify the genes used for the construction of the ERGPs signature. The optimal cutoff value determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to classify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences between the two groups were estimated using the log-rank test. The independent external datasets GSE65904 and GSE19234 were used to verify the performance of the ERGPs signature using the area under the curve (AUC) values. In addition, we also integrated clinicopathological parameters and risk scores to develop a nomogram that can individually predict the prognosis of patients with CM. RESULTS A total of 104 ERGPs related to OS were obtained, of which 21 ERGPs were selected for the construction of the signature. All CM patients were stratified into high-and low-risk groups based on an optimal risk score cutoff value of 0.281. According to the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the mortality rate in the low-risk group was lower than that in the high-risk group in the TCGA cohort (P < 0.001), GSE65904 cohort (P = 0.006), and GSE19234 cohort (P = 0.002). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that our ERGP signature was an independent risk factor for OS in CM patients in the three cohorts (for TCGA: HR, 2.560; 95% CI [1.907-3.436]; P < 0.001; for GSE65904: HR = 2.235, 95% CI [1.492-3.347], P < 0.001; for GSE19234: HR = 2.458, 95% CI [1.065-5.669], P = 0.035). The AUC value for predicting the 5-year survival rate of patients with CM of our developed model was higher than that of two previously established prognostic signatures. Both the calibration curve and the C-index (0.752, 95% CI [0.678-0.826]) indicated that the developed nomogram was highly accurate. Most importantly, the decision curve analysis results showed that the nomogram had a higher net benefit than that of the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage system. CONCLUSION Our study established an ERGPs signature that could be potentially used in a clinical setting as a genetic biomarker for risk stratification of CM patients. In addition, the ERGPs signature could also predict which CM patients will benefit from PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucang Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhanpeng Li
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Simu Liao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiasheng Yin
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Longhua District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meilan Weng
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Zhang Z, He G, Lv Y, Liu Y, Niu Z, Feng Q, Hu R, Xu J. HERC3 regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by directly ubiquitination degradation EIF5A2 and inhibits metastasis of colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:74. [PMID: 35064108 PMCID: PMC8782983 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
E3 ligase is widely reported to exert fundamental functions in cancers. Through rigorous bioinformatic analysis concentrating E3 ligases based on data from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), HERC3 was indicated to be downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and HERC3 downregulation showed poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Through qRT-PCR, western blotting and Immunohistochemistry (IHC), analytical results were validated based on tissues in Zhongshan hospital. Functionally, HERC3 was indicated to inhibit the migration, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo through transwell assays, wound healing assays and vivo experiments. And HERC3 could regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation (IP), coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and GST-pulldown assays indicated that HERC3 could directly interact with EIF5A2 in vitro and in vivo through the RCC1 domain in HERC3. And HERC3 could function as an E3 to promote the K27 and K48-linked ubiquitination degradation of EIF5A2 via the HECT domain in HERC3, besides, K47, K67, K85, and K121 in EIF5A2 were identified as ubiquitination sites. In addition, HERC3 was indicated to affect the migration, invasion and metastasis and further regulatE EMT via EIF5A2/TGF-/Smad2/3 signal. The present study may provide insight into the mechanism of EMT in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong He
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengchuan Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyang Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200030, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Chen Z, Chu X, Xu J. Detection and analysis of long noncoding RNA expression profiles related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in keloids. Biomed Eng Online 2022; 21:2. [PMID: 35012558 PMCID: PMC8751032 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-022-00976-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the pathogenesis of keloids is currently raising increasing attention. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) govern a variety of biological processes, such as EMT, and their dysregulation is involved in many diseases including keloid disease. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed EMT-related lncRNAs in keloid tissues versus normal tissues and to interpret their functions. RESULTS Eleven lncRNAs and 16 mRNAs associated with EMT were identified to have differential expression between keloid and normal skin tissues (fold change > 1.5, P < 0.05). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that these differentially expressed mRNAs functioned in the extracellular matrix, protein binding, the positive regulation of cellular processes, the Set1C/COMPASS complex and histone acetyltransferase activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated that these mRNAs are involved in pathways in cancer. The lncRNA, XLOC_000587 may promote cell proliferation and migration by enhancing the expression of ENAH, while AF268386 may facilitate the invasive growth of keloids by upregulating DDR2. CONCLUSIONS We characterized the differential expression profiles of EMT-related lncRNAs and mRNAs in keloids, which may contribute to preventing the occurrence and development of keloids by targeting the corresponding signaling pathways. These lncRNAs and mRNAs may provide biomarkers for keloid diagnosis and serve as potential targets for the treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Montejano J, Jevtovic-Todorovic V. Anesthesia and Cancer, Friend or Foe? A Narrative Review. Front Oncol 2022; 11:803266. [PMID: 35004329 PMCID: PMC8735748 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.803266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide with close to 10 million deaths reported annually. Due to growth of the advanced age cohort in our population, it is predicted that the number of new cancer cases diagnosed between now until 2035 is to reach potentially 24 million individuals, a staggering increase in a relatively short time period. For many solid tumors, surgical resection along with chemotherapy is the best available approach to a potential cure which leads to almost 80% of cancer patients undergoing at least one surgical procedure during the course of their disease. During surgical intervention, the exposure to general anesthesia can be lengthy, complex and often involves various modalities resulting in an important question as to the role, if any, anesthesia may play in primary recurrence or metastatic conversion. Many components of the stress and inflammatory responses exhibited in the perioperative period can contribute to cancer growth and invasion. The agents used to induce and maintain general anesthesia have variable interactions with the immune and neuroendocrine systems and can influence the stress response during surgery. Thus, debating the best type of anesthesia that would help to attenuate sympathetic and/or pro-inflammatory responses while modulating cytokine release and transcription factors/oncogenes remains at the forefront. This may affect inducible cancer cell survival and migratory abilities not only intra-operatively, but also during the immediate post-operative phase of recovery. The ultimate question becomes how and whether the choice of anesthesia may influence the outcomes of cancer surgery with two major approaches being considered, i.e., regional and general anesthesia as well as the various hypnotics, analgesics and sympatholytics commonly used. In this review, we will address the latest information as to the role that anesthesia may play during cancer surgery with specific focus on primary recurrence and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Montejano
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
216
|
Synergistic Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Reveals Prognostic Signatures in Pilot Study of Treatment-Naïve Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010146. [PMID: 35052825 PMCID: PMC8773204 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is one of the most deadly cancer types because it usually is not diagnosed until the cancer has spread throughout the body. In this study, we isolate cancer cells found in the blood of pancreatic cancer patients called circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to study their mutation and gene expression profiles. Comparing patients with better and worse survival duration revealed signatures found in these cancer cells. Characterizing these signatures may help improve patient care by using alternative treatment options. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is typically diagnosed at late stages and has one of the lowest five-year survival rates of all malignancies. In this pilot study, we identify signatures related to survival and treatment response found in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Patients with poor survival had increased mutant KRAS expression and deregulation of connected pathways such as PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling. Further, in a subset of these patients, expression patterns of gemcitabine resistance mechanisms were observed, even prior to initiating treatment. This work highlights the need for identifying patients with these resistance profiles and designing treatment regimens to circumvent these mechanisms.
Collapse
|
217
|
Liu X, Zhan T, Gao Y, Cui S, Liu W, Zhang C, Zhuang S. Benzophenone-1 induced aberrant proliferation and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells via activated ERα and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118370. [PMID: 34656677 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-1 (BP-1) belongs to personal care product-related contaminants of emerging concern and has been recently reported to induce xenoestrogenic effects. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to the activation of target receptors and subsequent various adverse outcomes remain unclear, which is beneficial to safety and health risk assessment of benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters with their widespread occurrence. Herein, we investigated disrupting effects of BP-1 at environmentally relevant concentrations (10-9-10-6 M) on estrogen receptor (ER) α-associated signaling pathways. Molecular dynamics simulations together with yeast-based assays revealed the steady binding of BP-1 to ERα ligand binding domain (LBD) and hence the observed agonistic activity. BP-1 triggered interaction between ERα and β-catenin in human SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells and caused translocation of β-catenin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, leading to aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin. BP-1 consequently induced dissemination of SKOV3 via regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) biomarkers including minimally downregulating ZO-1 gene to 78.0 ± 10.1% and maximally upregulating MMP9 gene to 144.1 ± 29.7% and promoted 1.03-1.83 fold proliferation, migration and invasion of SKOV3. We provide the first evidence that the BP-1 activated ERα triggers crosstalk between ERα and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, leading to the abnormal stimulation and progression of SKOV3 cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tingjie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuchen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shixuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77058, United States
| | - Shulin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Li J, Tao T, Yu Y, Xu N, Du W, Zhao M, Jiang Z, Huang L. Expression profiling suggests the involvement of hormone-related, metabolic, and Wnt signaling pathways in pterygium progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:943275. [PMID: 36187094 PMCID: PMC9515788 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.943275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pterygium is an ocular surface disease that can cause visual impairment if it progressively invades the cornea. Although many pieces of research showed ultraviolet radiation is a trigger of pterygium pathological progress, the underlying mechanism in pterygium remains indistinct. METHODS In this study, we used microarray to evaluate the changes of transcripts between primary pterygium and adjacent normal conjunctiva samples in China. Then, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses. Moreover, we constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) and miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks to predict possible regulatory relationships. We next performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to explore the similarities and differences of transcripts between Asian studies from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Furthermore, we took the intersection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with other data and identified hub genes of the development of pterygium. Finally, we utilized real-time quantitative PCR to verify the expression levels of candidate genes. RESULTS A total of 49 DEGs were identified. The enrichment analyses of DEGs showed that pathways such as the Wnt-signaling pathway and metabolism-related pathways were upregulated, while pathways such as hormone-related and transcription factor-associated pathways were downregulated. The PPI and miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks provide ideas for future research directions. The GSEA of selecting Asian data revealed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition and myogenesis existed in the pathology of pterygium in the Asian group. Furthermore, five gene sets (interferon-gamma response, Wnt beta-catenin signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, DNA repair, and MYC targets v2) were found only in our Chinese datasets. After taking an intersection between selecting datasets, we identified two upregulated (SPP1 and MYH11) and five downregulated (ATF3, FOS, EGR1, FOSB, and NR4A2) hub genes. We finally chose night genes to verify their expression levels, including the other two genes (SFRP2 and SFRP4) involved in Wnt signaling; Their expression levels were significantly different between pterygium and conjunctiva. CONCLUSIONS We consider hormone-related, metabolic, and Wnt signaling pathways may be important in the pathology of pterygium development. Nine candidate genes we identified deserve further study and can be potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye diseases, and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianchang Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye diseases, and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye diseases, and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ningda Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye diseases, and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye diseases, and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye diseases, and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxuan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Lvzhen Huang, ; Zhengxuan Jiang,
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital Eye diseases, and Optometry Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lvzhen Huang, ; Zhengxuan Jiang,
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Li T, Li X, Mao R, Pan L, Que Y, Zhu C, Jin L, Li S. NLRP2 inhibits cell proliferation and migration by regulating EMT in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:588-598. [PMID: 34957627 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) are crucial types of innate immune sensors and well known for their critical roles in the immune system. However, how NLRP2 functions in the progression of cancer is largely unknown. Here, we identified NLRP2 as an antioncogene in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. Gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that NLRP2 silencing promoted cell proliferation and migration by stimulating NF-kB signaling in the microenvironment, which induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and cytoskeleton reorganization in LUAD cells. The addition of the NF-kB inhibitor rescued the function of NLRP2 on EMT. Moreover, NLRP2 increased the level of cofilin phosphorylation and repressed subsequent F-actin reorganization. Consistently, the in vivo study showed that NLRP2 played an inhibitory role in forming metastasis foci. Taken together, NLRP2 inhibited cell proliferation and migration by regulating EMT in LUAD cells, demonstrating the essential function of NLRP2 in the development of LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongchen Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihua Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhui Que
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lai Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Wang Y, Li N, Zheng Y, Wang A, Yu C, Song Z, Wang S, Sun Y, Zheng L, Wang G, Liu L, Yi J, Huang Y, Zhang M, Bao Y, Sun L. KIAA1217 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis by Interacting with and Activating STAT3. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:104. [PMID: 35008530 PMCID: PMC8745027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are poor, mainly due to metastasis. Therefore, insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC invasion and metastasis are urgently needed to develop a more effective antimetastatic therapy. Here, we report that KIAA1217, a functionally unknown macromolecular protein, plays a crucial role in HCC metastasis. KIAA1217 expression was frequently upregulated in HCC cell lines and tissues, and high KIAA1217 expression was closely associated with shorter survival of patients with HCC. Overexpression and knockdown experiments revealed that KIAA1217 significantly promoted cell migration and invasion by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Consistently, HCC cells overexpressing KIAA1217 exhibited markedly enhanced lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, KIAA1217 enhanced EMT and accordingly promoted HCC metastasis by interacting with and activating JAK1/2 and STAT3. Interestingly, KIAA1217-activated p-STAT3 was retained in the cytoplasm instead of translocating into the nucleus, where p-STAT3 subsequently activated the Notch and Wnt/β-catenin pathways to facilitate EMT induction and HCC metastasis. Collectively, KIAA1217 may function as an adaptor protein or scaffold protein in the cytoplasm and coordinate multiple pathways to promote EMT-induced HCC metastasis, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target for curbing HCC metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (Y.B.)
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Z.S.); (S.W.); (L.Z.); (G.W.); (L.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Na Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yanping Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - Anqing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - Chunlei Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - Zhenbo Song
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Z.S.); (S.W.); (L.Z.); (G.W.); (L.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Shuyue Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Z.S.); (S.W.); (L.Z.); (G.W.); (L.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ying Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - Lihua Zheng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Z.S.); (S.W.); (L.Z.); (G.W.); (L.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Guannan Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Z.S.); (S.W.); (L.Z.); (G.W.); (L.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Lei Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Z.S.); (S.W.); (L.Z.); (G.W.); (L.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jingwen Yi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Z.S.); (S.W.); (L.Z.); (G.W.); (L.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yanxin Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - Muqing Zhang
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Yongli Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (Y.B.)
| | - Luguo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; (Y.W.); (N.L.); (Y.Z.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (Y.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
Crosstalk between non-coding RNAs expression profile, drug resistance and immune response in breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 176:106041. [PMID: 34952200 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the most critical challenges facing researchers in treating breast cancer. Despite numerous treatments for breast cancer, including conventional chemical drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapeutic drugs known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), many patients resist various approaches. In recent years, the relationship between gene expression profiles and drug resistance phenotypes has attracted much attention. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are regulatory molecules that have been shown to regulate gene expression and cell transcriptome. Two categories, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs have been more considered and studied among these ncRNAs. Studying the role of different ncRNAs in chemical drug resistance and ICI resistance together can be beneficial in selecting more effective treatments for breast cancer. Changing the expression and action mechanism of these regulatory molecules on drug resistance phenotypes is the main topic of this review article.
Collapse
|
222
|
Nakayama J, Tan L, Li Y, Goh BC, Wang S, Makinoshima H, Gong Z. A zebrafish embryo screen utilizing gastrulation identifies the HTR2C inhibitor pizotifen as a suppressor of EMT-mediated metastasis. eLife 2021; 10:e70151. [PMID: 34919051 PMCID: PMC8824480 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is responsible for approximately 90% of cancer-associated mortality but few models exist that allow for rapid and effective screening of anti-metastasis drugs. Current mouse models of metastasis are too expensive and time consuming to use for rapid and high-throughput screening. Therefore, we created a unique screening concept utilizing conserved mechanisms between zebrafish gastrulation and cancer metastasis for identification of potential anti-metastatic drugs. We hypothesized that small chemicals that interrupt zebrafish gastrulation might also suppress metastatic progression of cancer cells and developed a phenotype-based chemical screen to test the hypothesis. The screen used epiboly, the first morphogenetic movement in gastrulation, as a marker and enabled 100 chemicals to be tested in 5 hr. The screen tested 1280 FDA-approved drugs and identified pizotifen, an antagonist for serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) as an epiboly-interrupting drug. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of HTR2C suppressed metastatic progression in a mouse model. Blocking HTR2C with pizotifen restored epithelial properties to metastatic cells through inhibition of Wnt signaling. In contrast, HTR2C induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through activation of Wnt signaling and promoted metastatic dissemination of human cancer cells in a zebrafish xenotransplantation model. Taken together, our concept offers a novel platform for discovery of anti-metastasis drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joji Nakayama
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer CenterTsuruokaJapan
- Shonai Regional Industry Promotion CenterTsuruokaJapan
| | - Lora Tan
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and NanotechnologySingaporeSingapore
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer CenterTsuruokaJapan
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer CenterKashiwaJapan
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Soelch S, Beaufort N, Loessner D, Kotzsch M, Reuning U, Luther T, Kirchner T, Magdolen V. Rab31-dependent regulation of transforming growth factor ß expression in breast cancer cells. Mol Med 2021; 27:158. [PMID: 34906074 PMCID: PMC8670132 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small GTP-binding protein Rab31 plays an important role in the modulation of tumor biological-relevant processes, including cell proliferation, adhesion, and invasion. As an underlying mechanism, Rab31 is presumed to act as a molecular switch between a more proliferative and an invasive phenotype. This prompted us to analyze whether Rab31 overexpression in breast cancer cells affects expression of genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like processes when compared to Rab31 low-expressing cells. METHODS Commercially available profiler PCR arrays were applied to search for differentially expressed genes in Rab31 high- and low-expressing CAMA-1 breast cancer cells. Differential expression of selected candidate genes in response to Rab31 overexpression in CAMA-1 cells was validated by independent qPCR and protein assays. RESULTS Gene expression profiling of key genes involved in EMT, or its reciprocal process MET, identified 9 genes being significantly up- or down-regulated in Rab31 overexpressing CAMA-1 cells, with the strongest effects seen for TGFB1, encoding TGF-ß1 (> 25-fold down-regulation in Rab31 overexpressing cells). Subsequent validation analyses by qPCR revealed a strong down-regulation of TGFB1 mRNA levels in response to increased Rab31 expression not only in CAMA-1 cells, but also in another breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Using ELISA and Western blot analysis, a considerable reduction of both intracellular and secreted TGF-ß1 antigen levels was determined in Rab31 overexpressing cells compared to vector control cells. Furthermore, reduced TGF-ß activity was observed upon Rab31 overexpression in CAMA-1 cells using a sensitive TGF-ß bioassay. Finally, the relationship between Rab31 expression and the TGF-ß axis was analyzed by another profiler PCR array focusing on genes involved in TGF-ß signaling. We found 12 out of 84 mRNAs significantly reduced and 7 mRNAs significantly increased upon Rab31 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that Rab31 is a potent modulator of the expression of TGF-ß and other components of the TGF-ß signaling pathway in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Soelch
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81576, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Beaufort
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum Der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Engineering and Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81576, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Viktor Magdolen
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81576, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Anticancer Effects of Midazolam on Lung and Breast Cancers by Inhibiting Cell Proliferation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121396. [PMID: 34947927 PMCID: PMC8703822 DOI: 10.3390/life11121396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in cancer treatments resulting in higher survival rates, the proliferation and metastasis of tumors still raise new questions in cancer therapy. Therefore, new drugs and strategies are still needed. Midazolam (MDZ) is a common sedative drug acting through the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor in the central nervous system and also binds to the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) in peripheral tissues. Previous studies have shown that MDZ inhibits cancer cell proliferation but increases cancer cell apoptosis through different mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the possible anticancer mechanisms of MDZ on different cancer cell types. MDZ inhibited transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced cancer cell proliferation of both A549 and MCF-7 cells. MDZ also inhibited TGF-β-induced cell migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, and Smad phosphorylation in both cancer cell lines. Inhibition of PBR by PK11195 rescued the MDZ-inhibited cell proliferation, suggesting that MDZ worked through PBR to inhibit TGF-β pathway. Furthermore, MDZ inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion and levels of mesenchymal proteins in MDA-MD-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Together, MDZ inhibits cancer cell proliferation both in epithelial and mesenchymal types and EMT, indicating an important role for MDZ as a candidate to treat lung and breast cancers.
Collapse
|
225
|
The Role of ATRA, Natural Ligand of Retinoic Acid Receptors, on EMT-Related Proteins in Breast Cancer: Minireview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413345. [PMID: 34948142 PMCID: PMC8705994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of the structure, function, and abundance of specific proteins related to the EMT process is essential for developing effective diagnostic approaches to cancer with the perspective of diagnosis and therapy of malignancies. The success of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) differentiation therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia has stimulated studies in the treatment of other tumors with ATRA. This review will discuss the impact of ATRA use, emphasizing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins in breast cancer, of which metastasis and recurrence are major causes of death.
Collapse
|
226
|
Qingjie Fuzheng Granule Inhibits EMT and Induces Autophagy in Colorectal Cancer via mTOR Signaling Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9950499. [PMID: 34887935 PMCID: PMC8651347 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9950499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Qingjie Fuzheng granule (QFG) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula used extensively as an alternative medicine for cancer treatment, including colorectal cancer (CRC). But its pathological mechanism in CRC is unclear. To study antitumor treatment effects and mechanisms of QFG, we established a CRC HCT-116 xenograft mouse model and assessed QFG on EMT and autophagy progression in vivo. The mice were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 10 each group) and treated with intragastric administration of 1 g/kg of QFG or saline 6 days a week for 28 days (4 weeks). Body weight was measured every other day with electronic balance. At the end of the treatment, the tumor weight was measured. Immunohistochemical (IHC) and western blot (WB) assay were used to detect the expression level of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, and TWIST1 to evaluate the effect of QFG on tumor cell EMT progression. IHC and WB assay were also used to detect the expression level of beclin-1, LC3-II, and p62 to evaluate the effect of QFG on tumor cell autophagy progression. Furthermore, the expression level of relative proteins in mTOR pathway was detected by WB assay to investigate the mechanism of QFG effect on CRC. We discovered that QFG inhibited the rise of tumor weight while it had no effect on mice body weight, which proved that QFG could inhibit CRC growth progression without significant side effects in vivo. In addition, QFG treatment inhibited EMT and induced autophagy progression in CRC tumor cells, including that QFG upregulated the expression of E-cadherin, beclin-1, and LC3-II, but downregulated the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, TWIST1, and p62. And, QFG decreased the ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and p-mTOR/mTOR, but increased the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK. All findings from this research proved that QFG can induce autophagy and inhibit EMT progression in CRC via regulating the mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
227
|
Wu Y, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhang W, Zhang M, Shi X, Li W, Liu W. Cyclophilin A regulates A549 cells apoptosis via stabilizing Twist1 protein. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:273668. [PMID: 34881782 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CypA) is an essential member of the immunophilin family. As an intracellular target of immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) or a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase), it catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline amidic peptide bonds, through which, it regulates a variety of biological processes, such as intracellular signaling, transcription, and apoptosis. In this study, we found that intracellular CypA enhanced Twist1 phosphorylation at Ser68 and inhibited apoptosis in A549 cells. Mechanistically, CypA could mediate the phosphorylation of Twist1 at Ser68 via p38 MAPK, which inhibited its ubiquitination-mediated degradation. In addition, CypA increased Twist-p65 interaction and nuclear accumulation, which regulated Twist1-dependent expression of CDH1 and CDH2. Our findings collectively indicated the role of CypA in Twist1-mediated A549 cells apoptosis through stabilizing Twist1 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenling Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Menghao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xixi Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Guo Y, Sun P, Guo W, Yin Q, Han J, Sheng S, Liang J, Dong Z. LncRNA DDX11 antisense RNA 1 promotes EMT process of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by sponging miR-30d-5p to regulate SNAI1/ZEB2 expression and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11425-11440. [PMID: 34866524 PMCID: PMC8810181 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2008759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNA DDX11 antisense RNA 1 (DDX11-AS1) is recognized as having an imperative oncogenic role in different types of human cancer. Nevertheless, the functions, as well as the basic mechanisms of DDX11-AS1 in the EMT process of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), are yet to be clarified. In this research, high DDX11-AS1 expression was detected in ESCC cells as well as tissues and was linked to the poor prognosis of patients with ESCC. DDX11-AS1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion ability and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in vitro. Mechanistic analysis depicted that DDX11-AS1 may function as a ceRNA through sponging miR-30d-5p to upregulate the expression of SNAI1 and ZEB2. Meanwhile, overexpression of DDX11-AS1 might cause the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via targeting miR-30d-5p. On the whole, the findings of this research illustrate that DDX11-AS1 may act as an EMT-related lncRNA to advance ESCC progression through sponging miR-30d-5p to regulate SNAI1/ZEB2 expression and activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which indicates that it might serve as a probable therapeutic target for ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Guo
- Hebei Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pingping Sun
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Hebei Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qing Yin
- Hebei Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junshu Han
- Hebei Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Supeng Sheng
- Hebei Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jia Liang
- Hebei Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiming Dong
- Hebei Cancer Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Yu Y, Wang W, Lu W, Chen W, Shang A. Inhibin β-A (INHBA) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and accelerates the motility of breast cancer cells by activating the TGF-β signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4681-4696. [PMID: 34346300 PMCID: PMC8806747 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1957754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that INHBA (Inhibin β-A, a member of the TGF-β superfamily) functions as an oncogene in cancer progression. However, little is known as to how INHBA regulates the progression and aggressiveness of breast cancer (BC). This study explored the function and underlying mechanism of INHBA in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BC cells. INHBA expression in BC cell lines was measured using RT-qPCR and Western blot. The would-healing and transwell migration assays were used to investigate the effect of INHBA overexpression or silencing on BC cell motility. Moreover, the expression levels of EMT-related genes were quantified after overexpressing or silencing of INHBA. Based on published dataset, INHBA was significantly upregulated in BC tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues. A higher level of INHBA expression was also correlated with a poor survival in BC patients. In addition, in vitro study showed that INHBA played an indispensable role in promoting BC cell proliferation and invasion. Mechanistically, INHBA induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and accelerated the motility of BC cells by activating TGF-β-regulated genes. In conclusion, INHBA plays a functional role in supporting EMT phenotype of BC cells, and it may serve as a diagnostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for BC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tinghu District People’s Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenying Lu
- Department of Pathology, Tinghu District People’s Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anquan Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Watson KL, Yi R, Moorehead RA. Transgenic overexpression of the miR-200b/200a/429 cluster inhibits mammary tumor initiation. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101228. [PMID: 34562686 PMCID: PMC8473771 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The miR-200 family consists of five members expressed as two clusters: miR-200c/141 cluster and miR-200b/200a/429 cluster. In the mammary gland, miR-200s maintain epithelial identity by decreasing the expression of mesenchymal markers leading to high expression of epithelial markers. While the loss of miR-200s is associated with breast cancer growth and metastasis the impact of miR-200 expression on mammary tumor initiation has not been investigated. Using mammary specific expression of the miR-200b/200a/429 cluster in transgenic mice, we found that elevated expression miR-200s could almost completely prevent mammary tumor development. Only 1 of 16 MTB-IGFIRba429 transgenic mice (expressing both the IGF-IR and miR-200b/200a/429 transgenes) developed a mammary tumor while 100% of MTB-IGFIR transgenic mice (expressing only the IGF-IR transgene) developed mammary tumors. RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry of mammary tissue from 55-day old mice found Spp1, Saa1, and Saa2 to be elevated in mammary tumors and inhibited by miR-200b/200a/429 overexpression. This study suggests that miR-200s could be used as a preventative strategy to protect women from developing breast cancer. One concern with this approach is the potential negative impact miR-200 overexpression may have on mammary function. However, transgenic overexpression of miR-200s, on their own, did not significantly impact mammary ductal development indicating the miR-200 overexpression should not significantly impact mammary function. Thus, this study provides the initial foundation for using miR-200s for breast cancer prevention and additional studies should be performed to identify strategies for increasing mammary miR-200 expression and determine whether miR-200s can prevent mammary tumor initiation by other genetic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Watson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Rui Yi
- Department of Pathology, Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roger A Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Jafari N, Kolla M, Meshulam T, Shafran JS, Qiu Y, Casey AN, Pompa IR, Ennis CS, Mazzeo CS, Rabhi N, Farmer SR, Denis GV. Adipocyte-derived exosomes may promote breast cancer progression in type 2 diabetes. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabj2807. [PMID: 34813359 PMCID: PMC8765301 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abj2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are associated with metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Here, we investigated the critical cellular and molecular factors behind this link. We found that primary human adipocytes shed extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes, that induced the expression of genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem–like cell (CSC) traits in cocultured breast cancer cell lines. Transcription of these genes was further increased in cells exposed to exosomes shed from T2D patient–derived adipocytes or insulin-resistant adipocytes and required the epigenetic reader proteins BRD2 and BRD4 in recipient cells. The thrombospondin family protein TSP5, which is associated with cancer, was more abundant in exosomes from T2D or insulin-resistant adipocytes and partially contributed to EMT in recipient cells. Bioinformatic analysis of breast cancer patient tissue showed that greater coexpression of COMP (which encodes TSP5) and BRD2 or BRD3 correlated with poorer prognosis, specifically decreased distant metastasis–free survival. Our findings reveal a mechanism of exosome-mediated cross-talk between metabolically abnormal adipocytes and breast cancer cells that may promote tumor aggressiveness in patients with T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naser Jafari
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Manohar Kolla
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tova Meshulam
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jordan S. Shafran
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Current affiliation: Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA
| | - Yuhan Qiu
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Allison N. Casey
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Current affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Isabella R. Pompa
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Christina S. Ennis
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Carla S. Mazzeo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nabil Rabhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stephen R. Farmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Gerald V. Denis
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Shipley Prostate Cancer Research Professor, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Imodoye SO, Adedokun KA, Muhammed AO, Bello IO, Muhibi MA, Oduola T, Oyenike MA. Understanding the Complex Milieu of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer Metastasis: New Insight Into the Roles of Transcription Factors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:762817. [PMID: 34868979 PMCID: PMC8636732 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.762817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological program during which polarised, immobile epithelial cells lose connection with their neighbours and are converted to migratory mesenchymal phenotype. Mechanistically, EMT occurs via a series of genetic and cellular events leading to the repression of epithelial-associated markers and upregulation of mesenchymal-associated markers. EMT is very crucial for many biological processes such as embryogenesis and ontogenesis during human development, and again it plays a significant role in wound healing during a programmed replacement of the damaged tissues. However, this process is often hijacked in pathological conditions such as tumour metastasis, which constitutes the most significant drawback in the fight against cancer, accounting for about 90% of cancer-associated mortality globally. Worse still, metastatic tumours are not only challenging to treat with the available conventional radiotherapy and surgical interventions but also resistant to several cytotoxic agents during treatment, owing to their anatomically diffuse localisation in the body system. As the quest to find an effective method of addressing metastasis in cancer intervention heightens, understanding the molecular interplay involving the signalling pathways, downstream effectors, and their interactions with the EMT would be an important requisite while the challenges of metastasis continue to punctuate. Unfortunately, the molecular underpinnings that govern this process remain to be completely illuminated. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that EMT, which initiates every episode of metastasis, significantly requires some master regulators called EMT transcription factors (EMT-TFs). Thus, this review critically examines the roles of TFs as drivers of molecular rewiring that lead to tumour initiation, progression, EMT, metastasis, and colonisation. In addition, it discusses the interaction of various signalling molecules and effector proteins with these factors. It also provides insight into promising therapeutic targets that may inhibit the metastatic process to overcome the limitation of "undruggable" cancer targets in therapeutic design and upturn the current spate of drug resistance. More so, it extends the discussion from the basic understanding of the EMT binary switch model, and ultimately unveiling the E/M cellular plasticity along a phenotypic spectrum via multiple trans-differentiations. It wraps up on how this knowledge update shapes the diagnostic and clinical approaches that may demand a potential shift in investigative paradigm using novel technologies such as single-cell analyses to improve overall patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sikiru O. Imodoye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kamoru A. Adedokun
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurrasheed Ola Muhammed
- Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim O. Bello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, United States
| | - Musa A. Muhibi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Edo State University, Uzairue, Nigeria
| | - Taofeeq Oduola
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Musiliu A. Oyenike
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Sharma N, Raut PW, Baruah MM, Sharma A. Combination of quercetin and 2-methoxyestradiol inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in PC-3 cell line via Wnt signaling pathway. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO747. [PMID: 34737887 PMCID: PMC8558868 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We have previously reported that quercetin (Qu) regulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by modulating Wnt signaling components. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effect of Qu and 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) and the role of Wnt signaling components in regulating EMT in PC-3 cells. Materials & methods: EMT was induced by treating PC-3 cells with TGF-β, followed by evaluation of expression of EMT markers and Wnt signaling proteins in naive, induced and after exposing induced cells to Qu and 2-ME at both gene and protein level by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. Results: Qu and 2-ME synergistically downregulated mesenchymal markers with simultaneous upregulation of epithelial markers. Wnt signaling proteins expression was also downregulated by Qu and 2-ME in TGF-β-induced EMT in PC-3 cells. Conclusion: Thus, combination therapy of Qu and 2-ME could be a new promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of prostate cancer. The current study describes the synergistic effect of quercetin and 2-methoxyestradiol and the role of Wnt signaling components in regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PC-3 cells. EMT was induced by treating PC-3 cells with TGF-β, followed by the evaluation of expression of EMT markers and Wnt signaling proteins in naive and induced states. Quercetin and 2-methoxyestradiol could synergistically downregulate mesenchymal markers with simultaneous upregulation of epithelial markers along with the downregulation of Wnt signaling proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeti Sharma
- School of Engineering, Ajeenkya DY Patil University, Charholi Budruk, Pune, 412105, India
| | - Piyush W Raut
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram - Lavale; Taluka - Mulshi, Pune, India
| | - Meghna M Baruah
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram - Lavale; Taluka - Mulshi, Pune, India
| | - Akshay Sharma
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Gram - Lavale; Taluka - Mulshi, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Qiu Y, Jiang H, Ching WK. Unsupervised Learning Framework With Multidimensional Scaling in Predicting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 18:2714-2723. [PMID: 32386162 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2020.2992605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clustering tumor metastasis samples from gene expression data at the whole genome level remains an arduous challenge, in particular, when the number of experimental samples is small and the number of genes is huge. We focus on the prediction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is an underlying mechanism of tumor metastasis, here, rather than tumor metastasis itself, to avoid confounding effects of uncertainties derived from various factors. In this paper, we propose a novel model in predicting EMT based on multidimensional scaling (MDS) strategies and integrating entropy and random matrix detection strategies to determine the optimal reduced number of dimension in low dimensional space. We verified our proposed model with the gene expression data for EMT samples of breast cancer and the experimental results demonstrated the superiority over state-of-the-art clustering methods. Furthermore, we developed a novel feature extraction method for selecting the significant genes and predicting the tumor metastasis. The source code is available at "https://github.com/yushanqiu/yushan.qiu-szu.edu.cn".
Collapse
|
235
|
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and its transcription factors. Biosci Rep 2021; 42:230017. [PMID: 34708244 PMCID: PMC8703024 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition or EMT is an extremely dynamic process involved in conversion of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, stimulated by an ensemble of signaling pathways, leading to change in cellular morphology, suppression of epithelial characters and acquisition of properties such as enhanced cell motility and invasiveness, reduced cell death by apoptosis, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs etc. Significantly, EMT has been found to play a crucial role during embryonic development, tissue fibrosis and would healing, as well as during cancer metastasis. Over the years, work from various laboratories have identified a rather large number of transcription factors (TFs) including the master regulators of EMT, with the ability to regulate the EMT process directly. In this review, we put together these EMT TFs and discussed their role in the process. We have also tried to focus on their mechanism of action, their interdependency, and the large regulatory network they form. Subsequently, it has become clear that the composition and structure of the transcriptional regulatory network behind EMT probably varies based upon various physiological and pathological contexts, or even in a cell/tissue type-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
236
|
CKB inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and prostate cancer progression by sequestering and inhibiting AKT activation. Neoplasia 2021; 23:1147-1165. [PMID: 34706306 PMCID: PMC8551525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to tumor invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. AKT activation is key in a number of cellular processes. While many positive regulators for either EMT or AKT activation have been reported, few negative regulators are established. Through kinase cDNA screen, we identified brain-type creatine kinase (CKB or BCK) as a potent suppressor for both. As a ubiquitously expressed kinase in normal tissues, CKB is significantly downregulated in several solid cancer types. Lower CKB expression is significantly associated with worse prognosis. Phenotypically, CKB overexpression suppresses, while its silencing promotes, EMT and cell migration, xenograft tumor growth and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. AKT activation is one of the most prominent signaling events upon CKB silencing in prostate cancer cells, which is in line with prostate cancer TCGA data. EMT enhanced by CKB silencing is abolished by AKT inhibition. Mechanistically, CKB interacts with AKT and sequestrates it from activation by mTOR. We further elucidated that an 84aa fragment at C-terminus of CKB protein interacts with AKT's PH domain. Ectopic expression of the 84aa CKB fragment inhibits AKT activation, EMT and cell proliferation. Interestingly, molecular dynamics simulation on crystal structures of AKT and CKB independently demonstrates that AKT's PH domain and CKB's 84aa fragment establish their major interaction interface. In summary, we have discovered CKB as a negative regulator of EMT and AKT activation, revealing a new mode of their regulation . We have also demonstrated that CKB downregulation is a poor prognosticator, which is sufficient to promote prostate cancer progression.
Collapse
|
237
|
AL-Abedi R, Tuncay Cagatay S, Mayah A, Brooks SA, Kadhim M. Ionising Radiation Promotes Invasive Potential of Breast Cancer Cells: The Role of Exosomes in the Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111570. [PMID: 34769002 PMCID: PMC8583851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with the cells that are exposed to radiation, non-irradiated cells can unveil radiation effects as a result of intercellular communication, which are collectively defined as radiation induced bystander effects (RIBE). Exosome-mediated signalling is one of the core mechanisms responsible for multidirectional communication of tumor cells and their associated microenvironment, which may result in enhancement of malignant tumor phenotypes. Recent studies show that exosomes and exosome-mediated signalling also play a dynamic role in RIBE in cancer cell lines, many of which focused on altered exosome cargo or their effects on DNA damage. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding how these changes in exosome cargo are reflected in other functional characteristics of cancer cells from the aspects of invasiveness and metastasis. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to investigate exosome-mediated bystander effects of 2 Gy X-ray therapeutic dose of ionizing radiation on the invasive potential of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro via assessing Matrigel invasion potential, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics and the extent of glycosylation, as well as underlying plausible molecular mechanisms. The findings show that exosomes derived from irradiated MCF-7 cells enhance invasiveness of bystander MCF-7 cells, possibly through altered miRNA and protein content carried in exosomes.
Collapse
|
238
|
Li H, Chen L, Zeng H, Liao Q, Ji J, Ma X. Integrative Analysis of Histopathological Images and Genomic Data in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:636451. [PMID: 34646756 PMCID: PMC8504715 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. The histopathological features are crucial for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of COAD. Methods We downloaded 719 whole-slide histopathological images from TCIA, and 459 corresponding HTSeq-counts mRNA expression and clinical data were obtained from TCGA. Histopathological image features were extracted by CellProfiler. Prognostic image features were selected by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms. The co-expression gene module correlated with prognostic image features was identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Random forest was employed to construct an integrative prognostic model and calculate the histopathological-genomic prognosis factor (HGPF). Results There were five prognostic image features and one co-expression gene module involved in the model construction. The time-dependent receiver operating curve showed that the prognostic model had a significant prognostic value. Patients were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group based on the HGPF. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the overall survival of the low-risk group was significantly better than the high-risk group. Conclusions These results suggested that the histopathological image features had a certain ability to predict the survival of COAD patients. The integrative prognostic model based on the histopathological images and genomic features could further improve the prognosis prediction in COAD, which may assist the clinical decision in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyan Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qimeng Liao
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianrui Ji
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Pancreatic Cancer Small Extracellular Vesicles (Exosomes): A Tale of Short- and Long-Distance Communication. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194844. [PMID: 34638330 PMCID: PMC8508300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Even today, pancreatic cancer still has a dismal prognosis. It is characterized by a lack of early symptoms and thus late diagnosis as well as early metastasis. The majority of patients suffer from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDACs communicate extensively with cellular components of their microenvironment, but also with distant metastatic niches to facilitate tumor progression and dissemination. This crosstalk is substantially enabled by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes) with a size of 30–150 nm that are released from the tumor cells. sEVs carry bioactive cargos that reprogram target cells to promote tumor growth, migration, metastasis, immune evasion, or chemotherapy resistance. Interestingly, sEVs also carry novel diagnostic, prognostic and potentially also predictive biomarkers. Moreover, engineered sEVs may be utilized as therapeutic agents, improving treatment options. The role of sEVs for PDAC development, progression, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment is the focus of this review. Abstract Even with all recent advances in cancer therapy, pancreatic cancer still has a dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 7%. The most prevalent tumor subtype is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDACs display an extensive crosstalk with their tumor microenvironment (TME), e.g., pancreatic stellate cells, but also immune cells to regulate tumor growth, immune evasion, and metastasis. In addition to crosstalk in the local TME, PDACs were shown to induce the formation of pre-metastatic niches in different organs. Recent advances have attributed many of these interactions to intercellular communication by small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes). These nanovesicles are derived of endo-lysosomal structures (multivesicular bodies) with a size range of 30–150 nm. sEVs carry various bioactive cargos, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, or miRNAs and act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to educate recipient cells. In addition to tumor formation, progression, and metastasis, sEVs were described as potent biomarker platforms for diagnosis and prognosis of PDAC. Advances in sEV engineering have further indicated that sEVs might once be used as effective drug carriers. Thus, extensive sEV-based communication and applications as platform for biomarker analysis or vehicles for treatment suggest a major impact of sEVs in future PDAC research.
Collapse
|
240
|
The Underappreciated Role of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Its Strong Link to Lung Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091394. [PMID: 34572606 PMCID: PMC8472619 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organisation reported COPD to be the third leading cause of death globally in 2019, and in 2020, the most common cause of cancer death was lung cancer; when these linked conditions are added together they come near the top of the leading causes of mortality. The cell-biological program termed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in organ development, fibrosis and cancer progression. Over the past decade there has emerged a substantial literature that also links EMT specifically to the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as primarily an airway fibrosis disease; COPD is a recognised strong independent risk factor for the development of lung cancer, over and above the risks associated with smoking. In this review, our primary focus is to highlight these linkages and alert both the COPD and lung cancer fields to these complex interactions. We emphasise the need for inter-disciplinary attention and research focused on the likely crucial roles of EMT (and potential for its inhibition) with recognition of its strategic place mechanistically in both COPD and lung cancer. As part of this we discuss the future potential directions for novel therapeutic opportunities, including evidence-based strategic repurposing of currently used familiar/approved medications.
Collapse
|
241
|
The roles of epigenetics in cancer progression and metastasis. Biochem J 2021; 478:3373-3393. [PMID: 34520519 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis remains a major clinical challenge for cancer treatment. It is therefore crucial to understand how cancer cells establish and maintain their metastatic traits. However, metastasis-specific genetic mutations have not been identified in most exome or genome sequencing studies. Emerging evidence suggests that key steps of metastasis are controlled by reversible epigenetic mechanisms, which can be targeted to prevent and treat the metastatic disease. A variety of epigenetic mechanisms were identified to regulate metastasis, including the well-studied DNA methylation and histone modifications. In the past few years, large scale chromatin structure alterations including reprogramming of the enhancers and chromatin accessibility to the transcription factors were shown to be potential driving force of cancer metastasis. To dissect the molecular mechanisms and functional output of these epigenetic changes, it is critical to use advanced techniques and alternative animal models for interdisciplinary and translational research on this topic. Here we summarize our current understanding of epigenetic aberrations in cancer progression and metastasis, and their implications in developing new effective metastasis-specific therapies.
Collapse
|
242
|
Dittmer J. Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance. Front Oncol 2021; 11:736597. [PMID: 34604071 PMCID: PMC8480308 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.736597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is a standard treatment offered to patients with ERα (estrogen receptor α)-positive breast cancer. In endocrine therapy, ERα is either directly targeted by anti-estrogens or indirectly by aromatase inhibitors which cause estrogen deficiency. Resistance to these drugs (endocrine resistance) compromises the efficiency of this treatment and requires additional measures. Endocrine resistance is often caused by deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 activities allowing inhibitors of these factors to be used clinically to counteract endocrine resistance. The nuclear mechanisms involved in endocrine resistance are beginning to emerge. Exploring these mechanisms may reveal additional druggable targets, which could help to further improve patients' outcome in an endocrine resistance setting. This review intends to summarize our current knowledge on the nuclear mechanisms linked to endocrine resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Metabolic Reprogramming of Mammary Epithelial Cells during TGF-β-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090626. [PMID: 34564442 PMCID: PMC8464788 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) can induce normal breast epithelial cells to take on a mesenchymal phenotype, termed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). While the transcriptional and proteomic changes during TGF-β-induced EMT have been described, the metabolic rewiring that occurs in epithelial cells undergoing EMT is not well understood. Here, we quantitively analyzed the TGF-β-induced metabolic reprogramming during EMT of non-transformed NMuMG mouse mammary gland epithelial cells using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We found that TGF-β elevates glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle activity and increases glutaminolysis. Additionally, TGF-β affects the hexosamine pathway, arginine-proline metabolism, the cellular redox state, and strongly affects choline metabolism during EMT. TGF-β was found to induce phosphocholine production. A kinase inhibitor RSM-93A that inhibits choline kinase α (CHKα) mitigated TGF-β-induced changes associated with EMT, i.e., increased filamentous (F)-actin stress fiber formation and N-Cadherin mesenchymal marker expression.
Collapse
|
244
|
Homma K, Chang AC, Yamamoto S, Tamate R, Ueki T, Nakanishi J. Design of azobenzene-bearing hydrogel with photoswitchable mechanics driven by photo-induced phase transition for in vitro disease modeling. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:103-113. [PMID: 33744500 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) exhibit changes during many biological events. During disease progression, such as cancer, matrix stiffening or softening occurs due to crosslinking of the collagen matrix or matrix degradation through cell-secreted enzymes. Engineered hydrogels have emerged as a prime in vitro model to mimic such dynamic mechanics during disease progression. Although there have been a variety of engineered hydrogels, few can offer both stiffening and softening properties under the same working principle. In addition, to model individual disease progression, it is desirable to control the kinetics of mechanical changes. To this end, we describe a photoresponsive hydrogel that undergoes stiffness changes by the photo-induced phase transition. The hydrogel was composed of a copolymer of azobenzene acrylate monomer (AzoAA) and N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA). By tuning the amount of azobenzene, the phase transition behavior of this polymer occurs solely by light irradiation, because of the photoisomerization of azobenzene. This phase behavior was confirmed at 37 °C by turbidity measurements. In addition, the crosslinked poly(AzoAA-r-DMA) gel undergoes reversible swelling-deswelling upon photoisomerization by ultraviolet or visible light. Furthermore, the poly(AzoAA-r-DMA) sheet gels exhibited modulus changes at different isomerization states of azobenzene. When MCF-7 cells were cultured on the gels, stiffening at different timepoints induced varied responses in the gene expression levels of E-cadherin. Not only did this suggest an adaptive behavior of the cells against changes in mechanics during disease progression, this also demonstrated our material's potential towards in vitro disease modeling. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: During disease progression such as cancer, cellular microenvironment called extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes stiffness changes. Hydrogels, which are swollen network of crosslinked polymers, have been used to model such dynamic mechanical environment of the ECM. However, few could offer both stiffening and softening properties under the same working principle. Herein, we fabricated a novel photoresponsive hydrogel with switchable mechanics, activated by photo-induced structural change of the polymer chains within the hydrogel. When breast cancer cells were cultured on our dynamic hydrogels, gene expression and morphological observation suggested that cells react to changes in stiffness by a transient response, as opposed to a sustained one. The photoresponsive hydrogel offers possibility for use as a patient-specific model of diseases.
Collapse
|
245
|
Seibold T, Waldenmaier M, Seufferlein T, Eiseler T. Small Extracellular Vesicles and Metastasis-Blame the Messenger. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174380. [PMID: 34503190 PMCID: PMC8431296 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to their systemic nature, metastatic lesions are a major problem for curative cancer treatment. According to a common model for metastasis, tumor cells disseminate by local invasion, survival in the blood stream and extravasation into suitable tissue environments. At secondary sites, metastatic cells adapt, proliferate and foster vascularization to satisfy nutrient and oxygen demand. In recent years, tumors were shown to extensively communicate with cells in the local microenvironment and future metastatic sites by secreting small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes). sEVs deliver bioactive cargos, e.g., proteins, and in particular, several nucleic acid classes to reprogram target cells, which in turn facilitate tumor growth, cell motility, angiogenesis, immune evasion and establishment of pre-metastatic niches. sEV-cargos also act as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. This review discusses how tumor cells utilize sEVs with nucleic acid cargos to progress through metastasis, and how sEVs may be employed for prognosis and treatment. Abstract Cancer is a complex disease, driven by genetic defects and environmental cues. Systemic dissemination of cancer cells by metastasis is generally associated with poor prognosis and is responsible for more than 90% of cancer deaths. Metastasis is thought to follow a sequence of events, starting with loss of epithelial features, detachment of tumor cells, basement membrane breakdown, migration, intravasation and survival in the circulation. At suitable distant niches, tumor cells reattach, extravasate and establish themselves by proliferating and attracting vascularization to fuel metastatic growth. These processes are facilitated by extensive cross-communication of tumor cells with cells in the primary tumor microenvironment (TME) as well as at distant pre-metastatic niches. A vital part of this communication network are small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes) with a size of 30–150 nm. Tumor-derived sEVs educate recipient cells with bioactive cargos, such as proteins, and in particular, major nucleic acid classes, to drive tumor growth, cell motility, angiogenesis, immune evasion and formation of pre-metastatic niches. Circulating sEVs are also utilized as biomarker platforms for diagnosis and prognosis. This review discusses how tumor cells facilitate progression through the metastatic cascade by employing sEV-based communication and evaluates their role as biomarkers and vehicles for drug delivery.
Collapse
|
246
|
Xie J, Sun M, Zhang D, Chen C, Lin S, Zhang G. Fibronectin enhances tumor metastasis through B7-H3 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2977-2987. [PMID: 34431237 PMCID: PMC8564341 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
B7 homolog 3 (B7‐H3) plays an important role in tumor biology, but the molecular mechanism underlying the role of B7‐H3 in tumor metastasis remains unclear. In this article, our analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database suggested that B7‐H3 expression is associated with poor prognosis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). B7‐H3 knockdown affected the expression of metastasis‐related genes and significantly suppressed the metastasis of ccRCC cells, but it had no significant effect on the proliferation of ccRCC cells. Database analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between B7‐H3 and fibronectin (FN) in ccRCC cells, and further study also confirmed that FN interacts with B7‐H3. Silencing FN expression inhibited the migration and invasion of ccRCC cells, whereas exogenous FN promoted the migration and invasion of ccRCC cells, which was accompanied by activation of kinases [namely, phosphorylated (p)‐phosphoinositide 3‐kinase, p‐protein kinase B, p‐p38 and p‐extracellular regulated protein kinase]. B7‐H3 knockdown abolished the prometastatic effect of FN. In conclusion, our data suggest that B7‐H3 binds to exogenous FN and promotes the metastasis of ccRCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Xie
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meiyun Sun
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dongze Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunyang Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Simin Lin
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Zhuang QS, Sun XB, Chong QY, Banerjee A, Zhang M, Wu ZS, Zhu T, Pandey V, Lobie PE. ARTEMIN Promotes Oncogenicity and Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil in Colorectal Carcinoma by p44/42 MAPK Dependent Expression of CDH2. Front Oncol 2021; 11:712348. [PMID: 34422665 PMCID: PMC8377398 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.712348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ARTEMIN (ARTN), one of the glial-cell derived neurotrophic factor family of ligands, has been reported to be associated with a number of human malignancies. In this study, the enhanced expression of ARTN in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) was observed; the expression of ARTN positively correlated with lymph node metastases and advanced tumor stages and predicted poor prognosis. Forced expression of ARTN in CRC cells enhanced oncogenic behavior, mesenchymal phenotype, stem cell-like properties and tumor growth and metastasis in a xenograft model. These functions were conversely inhibited by depletion of endogenous ARTN. Forced expression of ARTN reduced the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU treatment; and 5-FU resistant CRC cells harbored enhanced expression of ARTN. The oncogenic functions of ARTN were demonstrated to be mediated by p44/42 MAP kinase dependent expression of CDH2 (CADHERIN 2, also known as N-CADHERIN). Inhibition of p44/42 MAP kinase activity or siRNA mediated depletion of endogenous CDH2 reduced the enhanced oncogenicity and chemoresistance consequent to forced expression of ARTN induced cell functions; and forced expression of CDH2 rescued the reduced mesenchymal properties and resistance to 5-FU after ARTN depletion. In conclusion, ARTN may be of prognostic and theranostic utility in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Shi Zhuang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin-Bao Sun
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Yun Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arindam Banerjee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
La Camera G, Gelsomino L, Malivindi R, Barone I, Panza S, De Rose D, Giordano F, D'Esposito V, Formisano P, Bonofiglio D, Andò S, Giordano C, Catalano S. Adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles promote breast cancer cell malignancy through HIF-1α activity. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:155-168. [PMID: 34425186 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging key protagonists in intercellular communication between adipocytes and breast cancer (BC) cells. Here, we described a new mechanism by which EVs released by mature adipocytes promoted breast cancer cell malignancy "in vitro" and "in vivo". We found that adipocyte-derived EVs enhanced growth, motility and invasion, stem cell-like properties, as well as specific traits of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in both estrogen receptor positive and triple negative BC cells. Of note, adipocyte-derived EVs aid breast tumor cells in lung metastatic colonization after tail-vein injection in mice. These EV-mediated effects occur via the induction of HIF-1α activity, since they were abrogated by the use of the HIF-1α inhibitor KC7F2 or in cells silenced for HIF-1α expression. Moreover, using an "ex vivo" model of obese adipocytes we found that the depletion of EVs counteracted the ability of obese adipocytes to sustain pro-invasive phenotype in BC cells. Interestingly, EVs released by undifferentiated adipocytes failed to induce aggressiveness and HIF-1α expression. These findings shed new light on the role of adipocyte-derived EVs in breast cancer progression, suggesting the possibility to target HIF-1α activity to block the harmful adipocyte-tumor cell dialogue, especially in obese settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giusi La Camera
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Daniela De Rose
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Vittoria D'Esposito
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
249
|
miR-219-5p targets TBXT and inhibits breast cancer cell EMT and cell migration and invasion. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229438. [PMID: 34339487 PMCID: PMC8360836 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-219-5p has been reported to act as either a tumor suppressor or a tumor promoter in different cancers by targeting different genes. In the present study, we demonstrated that miR-219-5p negatively regulated the expression of TBXT, a known epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer, by directly binding to TBXT 3′-untranslated region. As a result of its inhibition on TBXT expression, miR-219-5p suppressed EMT and cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. The re-introduction of TBXT in miR-219-5p overexpressing cells decreased the inhibitory effects of miR-219 on EMT and cell migration and invasion. Moreover, miR-219-5p decreased breast cancer stem cell (CSC) marker genes expression and reduced the mammosphere forming capability of cells. Overall, our study highlighted that TBXT is a novel target of miR-219-5p. By suppressing TBXT, miR-219-5p plays an important role in EMT and cell migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.
Collapse
|
250
|
Liu J, Gao L, Ji B, Geng R, Chen J, Tao X, Cai Q, Chen Z. BCL7A as a novel prognostic biomarker for glioma patients. J Transl Med 2021; 19:335. [PMID: 34362400 PMCID: PMC8348860 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor and represents one of the most aggressive and lethal types of human cancer. BCL7 family has been found in several cancer types and could be involved in tumor progression. While the role of BCL7 family in human glioma has remained to be elucidated. METHODS Paraffin-embedded tumor samples were obtained to detect BCL7 expression by performing in glioma. Data (including normalized gene expression and corresponding clinical data) were obtained from Gliovis, CGGA, GEO, cBioportal and Oncomine and were used to investigate BCL7 genes expression in glioma. Survival analyses were calculated by Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression analysis in TCGA and CGGA. Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) and gene ontology (GO) analysis was employed to perform the biological processes enrichment. RESULTS BCL7A expression in glioma tissues was lower compared to non-tumor brain tissues (NBT), and exhibited a negative correlation with glioma grades. Results from immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and public dataset validation demonstrated that BCL7B and BCL7C were highly expressed in glioma tissues compared to NBT. Cox regression analysis identified BCL7A as the only gene in the BCL7 family that was independently associated with the prognosis of lower-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma (GBM). GO and GSEA analyses revealed the potential contribution of BCL7A in adaptive immune response and neutrophil activation in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we found that BCL7A had no prognostic effect on the overall survival of GBM patients who received IR only; however, patients who received chemotherapy (TMZ) combined with IR in the high BCL7A group survived longer than patients in the low BCL7A group (HR = 0.346, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION BCL7A is a new tumor suppressor gene and can be adopted as a biomarker for independent prognosis in glioma and to evaluate response to TMZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Lun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Baowei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Rongxin Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhibiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238, Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|